专题-S621阅读理解 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训
Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高二下·湖北襄阳·阶段练习）Is it possible to build muscle and meanwhile lose fat Please allow us to bring the following two facts to your attention first.
Fact 1: Losing fat requires a shortage of calories, which means consuming fewer calories than your body needs so that stored body fat is used for energy instead.
Fact 2: Building muscle requires a caloric surplus, which means consuming more calories than your body needs so that new muscle tissue can be created.
And it’s this realization that leads those of us who want to build muscle and lose fat ideally at the exact same time to wonder just how we’re supposed to make it happen.
The 4-week Online Workout Course professionally designed by Super Fitness will perfectly resolve the conflict, making it possible for you to both build muscle and lose fat.
Targeted groups: Male and female willing to be athletic.
Simply follow us along and keep your ears open to the tips and suggestions we keep giving while working out. We’ll also immediately reply to any doubts or questions.
What you’re promised:
●Being able to lose two pounds of fat per week and get super fit.
●Saving a lot of time by taking the online course. No gym means no traffic!
●Saving a ton of money with 25% off at the Year End Promotion.
What you’re required to have:
●Eagerness for a perfect figure.
●Willingness to tolerate discomfort.
Contact Super Fitness by clicking here!
1. What plays a role in both fat losing and muscle building
A．Muscle tissue. B．Balanced diet.
C．Caloric intake. D．Physical fitness.
2. What is necessary for those who want to take the course
A．A perfect figure. B．Effective questioning.
C．A strong willpower. D．Enthusiasm for sports.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A．To state 2 facts on health. B．To promote a wellness website.
C．To give advice on health. D．To advertise a workout course.
Passage 2
（23-24高二下·广东阳江·阶段练习）How many calories should you eat in a day Many factors go into determining your calorie needs. Your age, weight, gender/sex, height and activity level and if you want to maintain, lose or gain weight and so on all play a role. So, how many average calories per day should you aim for
Everybody’s daily calorie needs are different, which can make it hard to figure out the magic number. In general, men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) need more calories than women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB). Active people need more than those who have desk jobs. And younger people need more than older people, whose metabolisms (新陈代谢) slow down as they age.
Calories per day for women and people AFAB
Age Calories: inactive Calories: moderately active Calories: active
21–25 2,000 2,200 2,400
26–30 1,800 2,000 2,400
31–50 1,800 2,000 2,200
51–60 1,600 1,800 2,200
61+ 1,600 1,800 2,000
Source: Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion).
Calories per day for men and people AMAB
Age Calories: inactive Calories: moderately active Calories: active
21–25 2,400 2,800 3,000
26–35 2,400 2,600 3,000
36–40 2,400 2,600 2,800
41–45 2,200 2,600 2,800
46-55 2,200 2,400 2,800
56–60 2,200 2,400 2,600
61–65 2,000 2,400 2,600
Source: Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion).
Keep in mind, these calorie recommendations are for people who are at a normal weight. If your weight is above the normal range for your height and your goal is weight loss, you need to consume less. A shortage of 500 calories can provide a weight loss of 1 pound per week.
1. If you are a male of 24,always sitting in the office, daily calorie you need is .
A．2400 B．2000 C．2800 D．2200
2. Which of the statement is true according to the passage
A．People of same age consume the same calories per day.
B．At age 61, men moderately active need more calories than women active .
C．If you are losing weight, you need to consume calories as the recommendations.
D．As metabolisms slow down, the elderly need more calories than younger people.
3. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To persuade us to lose weight .
B．To tell us how many calories we should eat every day.
C．To remind us to eat according to calories recommendations.
D．To tell us age weight, gender, height and activity level etc. determine daily calories need.
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·山东泰安·期中）With many people setting health goals as part of their New Year’s resolutions, here are the reasons why you should include cold water therapy (冷水疗法) in yours.
Improved sleep
The calming effects of cold water therapy extend to the field of sleep. Some individuals report enhanced relaxation and improved sleep quality, particularly when engaging in this practice before bedtime.
Stress reduction
The stimulation of the body’s stress response during cold water therapy holds the potential to enhance one’s tolerance to stress over time. Regular exposure to this practice may contribute to an increased adaptation to stressors, developing a more adaptive response to life’s challenges.
Skin and hair health
Cold water’s ability to constrict blood vessels (收缩血管) can lead to reduced puffiness (浮肿), contributing to healthier-looking skin. Furthermore, exposure to cold water may impart benefits to hair health and shine, adding beauty to the overall well-being promoted by this tradition.
Increased endurance
Exploring the fields of physical fitness, regular engagement in cold water therapy is suggested to improve endurance. This enhancement is due to the positive impact on cardiovascular (心血管) strength, ultimately increasing the body’s tolerance to stress on the cardiovascular system over time.
While the benefits are convincing, it is crucial to acknowledge that individual responses can vary. Therefore, consulting with a healthcare professional is advisable before starting cold water therapy.
Additionally, a gradual approach and proper adaptability are essential to avoid subjecting the body to extreme cold exposure without due preparation.
As we start this journey into the new year, considering the incorporation of cold water therapy into our resolutions may provide a refreshing and healthful dimension to our pursuit of wellbeing.
1. Which of the following is not the benefit of cold water therapy
A．We can become beauties.
B．It is likely that we will sleep better.
C．Our cardiovascular system may be stronger.
D．We may improve our ability to handle pressure．
2. What does the underlined word “impart” in the Paragraph 4 mean
A．Deny. B．Offer. C．Donate. D．Receive.
3. What does the author agree with
A．Doctors advise patients to adopt cold water therapy.
B．Once we apply cold water therapy, our stress will be reduced
C．Everyone can benefit a lot if engaged regularly in cold water therapy.
D．We should adapt to cold water gradually when starting cold water therapy.
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·湖北咸宁·期末）BODYPUMP
BODYPUMP, a total body workout that will burn calories, shape your entire body, increase core strength and improve bone health. BODYPUMP is available as either a 55, 45or 30-minute workout.
World leading instructors will coach you through the scientifically-backed moves and techniques pumping out encouragement, motivation and great music — helping you achieve much more than on your own!
BODYCOMBAT
Step into a BODYCOMBAT workout and you’ll punch and kick your way to fitness, burning up to 570 calories along the way. This high-energy martial-arts inspired workout is totally non-contact and there are no complex moves to master. A LES MILLS instructor will challenge you to up the strength and motivate you to make the most of every round. You’ll release stress, have fun and feel like a champ. BODYCOMBAT is available as either a 55,45 or 30-minute workout.
BODYCOMBAT will train your whole body and get you fit, fast and strong. It works your legs, strengthens your arms, back and shoulders and provides core training. You destroy calories. develop coordination and speed, and feel empowered.
BODYJAM
Originating in Auckland, New Zealand, BODYJAM is a combination of music and dance. BODYJAM is available as either a 55, 45 or 30-minute workout. If you want to dance, there is nothing like it. All styles of electronic dance music. It’s the soul of BODYJAM. This is legal.
Whether you’ve got two left feet or fancy yourself as Beyonce’s back up dancer, we’ve got your back. Our superb LES MILLS instructors will lead you to have fun. BODYJAMdoesn’t discriminate, and dance is free, so what’s stop ping you
BODYATTACK
BODYATTACK is a high-energy fitness class with moves that suit total beginners to total addicts. We combine athletic movements like running and jumping with strength exercises such as push-ups and squats (深蹲). BODYATTACK is available as either a 55, 45 or 30-minute workout.
A LES MILLS instructor will pump out energizing tunes and lead you through the workout — challenging your limits in a good way, burning up to 555 calories and leaving you with a sense of achievement.
1. If you are interested in dance, which workout suits you best
A．BODYPUMP. B．BODYCOMBAT.
C．BODYJAM. D．BODYATTACK.
2. What do the four works have in common
A．They all need equipment. B．They are just suitable for athletes.
C．They are all conducted by instructors. D．They all require special safety measures.
3. Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A notice. B．A brochure.
C．An essay. D．A textbook.
Passage 5
（23-24高二下·安徽·阶段练习）Zenergy Gymnastics
At Zenergy Gymnastics we offer different classes to help participants promote self-confidence, build physical fitness and encourage independence.
Hot Shot & Strength Training
This program is designed to teach basic gymnastics skills and ensure the development of a strong physical and mental foundation for young male athletes. Individual training focuses on strength, flexibility and balance, which can be transferred to any sport.
Wednesdays & Saturdays 4: 30 p. m. — 5: 20 p. m. Monthly fees: $65. 00
Me & My Grown Up
This is a great class for the young children and adults to enjoy time together exploring movement and starting to understand their little bodies. The class is directed by instructors, yet parents work directly with their children. In addition to learning gymnastics, the children will also learn valuable social skills, like following directions.
Saturdays & Sundays 10: 30 a. m. — 11: 30 a. m. Monthly fees: $55. 00
Nimjia Warrior Program
This class is for kids from the age of six to eleven. Students will compete in a safe challenging environment while having fun. This is the perfect program for a child who has a ton of energy because we promise they'll leave tired, sweaty and talking about how much fun they have had!
Mondays 4: 25 p.m. — 5:05 p. m. Fridays 7: 35 p. m. — 8: 15 p.m. Monthly fees: $57.00
Competitive Team
Competitive Team is for adult athletes who wish to reach the next level in their competition. Athletes are invited to team based on their gymnastics skill levels. We attempt to help them promote their confidence and grow as a teammate.
Tuesdays 6: 45 p. m. — 8: 15 p. m. Sundays 5: 00 p. m. — 6: 30 p. m. Monthly fees: $73. 00
1. Which class encourages its customers to take their kids with them
A．Competitive Team. B．Me & My Grown Up.
C．Nimjia Warrior Program. D．Hot Shot & Strength Training.
2. What is special about Nimjia Warrior Program
A．It charges the lowest fees. B．It is scheduled for weekdays only.
C．It has the longest class period. D．It promises energy conservation.
3. What is this text
A．An advertisement for a gym. B．A parenting guide.
C．An introduction to a sport. D．A workout schedule.
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高二下·山东聊城·期中）In summer the extreme heat often makes people sweaty and restless. While people are annoyed by it, experts suggest summer is the best season to discharge your body’s toxins (毒素) and recover your energy.
One popular option is hot-stone treatment. Therapists (治疗师) use smooth and heated stones, usually river rocks, to rub or press certain parts of the body, or place them on key points of the body. The warmth of the hot stones will improve blood circulation and also help relax muscles, while sweating is also believed to be good for discharging the body’s toxins.
Another popular option is hot-stone baths. The hot-stone bath will help the body discharge toxins and humidity (湿气) that accumulated during the last winter. Summer is the best season to build a good body. Rather than use water or steam to heat and wash the body, people simply wear a coat or something comfortable, and then lie on heated stone tablets made of hot stones, which are warmed to around 45℃. The body will gradually warm up and blood circulation will also be improved. More sweat will come out quickly. The sweat is smooth and fresh, not smelly like that released after sports activities. Such baths bring a number of health benefits, such as anti-aging, improved blood circulation and stress relief. The slimming effect of dieting can even be promoted.
Using hot stones for health benefits dates back to ancient times, but the modern renewal of hot-stone massage is generally credited to Mary Nelson, a native of Tucson, Arizona, America, whose trademark is “LaStone Therapy”.
The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people, especially those who have jobs in cool air-conditioned rooms. The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases, including back pain.
1. What does the hot-stone treatment can not do
A．Relax your muscle. B．Better your blood circulation.
C．Improve your dieting. D．Discharge the toxins inside.
2. What will you do while taking hot-stone bath
A．Accumulate toxins during last winter. B．Bath in hot water or steam.
C．Participate in sports activities before it. D．Lie on some hot flat stones.
3. What can be learned about the hot-stone therapy
A．It successfully cured many diseases by itself.
B．Its popularity lies in its benefits on health.
C．Its origin comes from modern concepts.
D．It can help people sweat little in summer.
4. Which of the following could be the best title for the Text
A．Small hot stones, big healthy functions B．Summer, the best time to recover your energy
C．Hot-stone therapy, a way to cure all diseases D．Sweating, the best way to release toxins
Passage 7
（23-24高二下·四川德阳·阶段练习）Most of us want to get in shape and be healthy. For many of us nutrition (营养) and watching what we eat is an important way to stay healthy. But when it comes to food, what is calorie counting, and what are the positives and negatives of it
A law in the UK came into force in April 2022 that requires restaurants, takeaways, and cafes to display the calorie information of non-pre-packed food and soft drinks on their menus. It’s a strategy aimed to deal with obesity and give people a more informed choice of what goes down into their stomachs. Being able to count calories and know how much we can eat is a great way to try and stay on track with our diet.
However, there are some disbelievers when it comes to calorie counting 200 calories of fresh fruit and 200 calories of junk food, for example cookies, have the same caloric value. However, there is a question of the health benefits of what you’re eating, regardless of calories. While fresh fruit like apples contains things like vitamin C, junk food could contain an unhealthy level of sugar and fats. Likewise (同样地), fruit may fill you up and leave you not wanting more food for longer than a biscuit with equal calories — meaning, overall, you eat less.
Simply counting calories, while useful for weight loss, doesn’t take into account your intake of good fats, carbohydrates, and proteins — things that your body needs. So, if you’re trying to stick to a low-carbon diet, just looking at numbers of calories on a menu won’t be that useful. So, always be mindful that what you’re eating is part of a healthy balanced diet.
1. What does the underlined word “obesity” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．being healthy B．being strong
C．being fat D．being sleepy
2. What opinion do disbelievers hold
A．Calorie alone doesn’t contribute to health.
B．Junk food has more calories than fresh fruit.
C．Less calories mean less food in your stomach.
D．Sugar and fats are more harmful than calories.
3. What’s the text mainly about
A．The best way to keep in shape. B．A research result of obesity in the UK.
C．Nutrition and its health benefit. D．Opinions and comments on calorie counting.
4. From which section of a magazine is this text most likely taken
A．Entertainment. B．Lifestyle. C．Finance. D．Education.
Passage 8
（23-24高二下·四川内江·期中）The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. As we know, we sit while we’re eating, we sit in the car and we sit while we’re watching TV. And many of us sit for many hours at work.
New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Katzmarzyk, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere.
However, Mr. Katzmarzyk says even that does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. He also says you may exercise often. “We can’t throw away physical activity. It’s extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that.”
Mr. Katzmarzyk and his colleagues are part of a new generation of researchers studying how sitting all day affects length of life. “Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality (死亡率) or television viewing and mortality are very rare. There have only been a few of studies, actually five or six now, in the last four or five years.” They found that cutting television time to less than two hours a day could add one-point four years to life.
Luckily, change is already coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A “standing desk” lets people stand while they are working. Another new design is called the “treadmill desk”. A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. Even some U.S. schools are beginning to experiment with desks that are part bicycle to keep children moving, that’s one of the strategies that many companies are using now.
Mr. Katzmarzyk also says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives.
1. The underlined word “ubiquitous” may mean ______.
A．dangerous B．embarrassing C．comfortable D．common
2. Which view agrees with the opinion of Mr. Katmarzyk
A．Exercise is important, but so is not sitting.
B．Watching TV is bad, but can broaden one’s horizons.
C．Sitting too long may help increase one’s life.
D．Stopping watching TV is a necessary but hard task.
3. What does Mr. Katzmarzyk think of his study in Paragraph 4
A．It’s totally ignored by many experts.
B．It’s a relatively new area of study.
C．It’s a study that begins too late.
D．It’s a hot subject studied by experts.
4. Why is there change in the design of desks at some offices
A．To give workers more comfort. B．To improve workers’ work efficiency.
C．To offer workers the chance to exercise. D．To let workers seek pleasure while working.
Passage 9
（23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021.
The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable- based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal- based saturated(饱和的) fats were16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind. The findings show the type and different food sources of fat are more important than the total amount of fat in preventing certain diseases, including stroke.
“You need fat to survive. Fat helps your body absorb vitamins from foods, build cells, give you energy and keep you warm. But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol(胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy. Saturated fats are generally not as healthy, which mainly come from red and processed meat,” said Dr. Frank Hu, one of the authors of the study.
A proper reduction in red and processed meat consumption with a healthy eating pattern can reduce total death rate by 13%, heart disease death by 14%, cancer death by 11% and Type 2 Diabetes risk by 24%, according to the study.
Interestingly, dairy fat was not associated with a higher risk of stroke, the study found. There has been an ongoing debate among researchers as to the role of dairy. The diet guide- lines for Americans call for three servings of low- and no- fat dairy each day.
1. How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 2
A．By providing examples. B．By analyzing causes and effects.
C．By making comparisons. D．By following the order of time.
2. Which kind of food doesn’t contain unsaturated fats based on Paragraph 3
A．Corn. B．Beans. C．Nuts. D．Beef.
3. What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Stroke is concerned with the type of fat.
B．People should not eat meat to keep healthy.
C．Fat plays an important role in people’s life.
D．Americans need three servings of dairy daily.
4. Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from
A．Culture. B．Health.
C．Modern. D．Character.
Passage 10
（23-24高二下·河北·期末）Cigarettes pose a risk to nearly all health conditions, yet the potential health consequences for smokers extend beyond immediate diseases.
A group of 1,000 healthy volunteers who were aged 20 to 70 were examined to see why human immune systems (免疫系统) vary significantly in terms of how effectively they respond to microbial (微生物的) attack. Age, sex and genetics are known to have a significant impact on the immune system, and the aim of this new study was to determine what other factors had the most influence.
The scientists exposed blood samples taken from the individuals to a wide variety of microbes such as viruses, bacteria, etc., and observed their immune response by measuring levels of secreted cytokines (细胞激素). Using the large quantities of data gathered for the individuals in the group, they then determined which of the 136 investigated variables, including body mass index, smoking, the number of hours’ sleep, exercise, childhood illnesses, vaccinations, living environment, etc., had the most influence on the immune responses studied. Three variables stood out: smoking, latent cytomegalovirus infection — a virus in the herpes family, and body mass index.
Analysis of the data showed that the inflammatory (发炎的) response was heightened in smokers and moreover, the activity of certain cells involved in immune memory was damaged. In other words, this study shows that smoking disrupts not only inborn immune mechanisms, but also some adaptive immune mechanisms.
Basically, it seems that the immune system has a type of long-term memory of smoking’s effects. But how does this happen That part is still unclear. Some researchers think this phenomenon is due to what could be considered the modern biological version of the 19th century’s concept off “aether”. They rely on a series of indirect evidence. However, it’s not a solid biological mechanism, and a detailed explanation will need to wait for further research. Regardless of why it happens, it happens, so stop smoking.
1. What is the purpose of the study mentioned in the text
A．To figure out the potential causes of smoking.
B．To explore how aging affects immune system.
C．To identify factors affecting immune response.
D．To develop a new way against microbial attack.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The significance of immune response.
B．The analysis of data in the experiment.
C．The range of viruses used in the experiment.
D．The process and findings of the experiment.
3. What is the author’s attitude to some researchers’ theory basis
A．Positive. B．Suspicious.
C．Objective. D．Unconcerned.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A．Cigarettes Have A Long-Term Effect On Immune System
B．Smokers May Get Away From Immune System Disorders
C．Smokers Suffer From More Than Common Health Issues
D．Cigarettes Pose An Immediate Risk To Immune System
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（23-24高二下·陕西西安·期末）A new study has found that smiling at London bus drivers increases happiness. The finding feels obvious and unexpected at the same time. The authors of the research, which was conducted by the University of Sussex and others, hope it will lead to “more interaction and kindness on buses”. On the Number 24 bus to Hampstead Heath, Londoners are sceptical. “Bus drivers,” says Liz Hands, a passenger, “are generally annoying.”
It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London’s buses.
In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why Various hypotheses (假设), such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young.
At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the increasing deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers. His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower possibility of disease than drivers, who sat down all day. Exercise was keeping people alive.
Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer. Morris’s work had consequences both big and small. Morris now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter and just running. “People thought I was bananas.” Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A．The former study made much difference.
B．Running was regarded as harmful behavior.
C．Smiling at drivers can cure passengers’ diseases.
D．London passengers can understand bus drivers well.
2. What does the underlined part “exercising researchers” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Encouraging researchers to work out. B．Helping with researchers’ inquiry.
C．Holding back researchers’ progress. D．Drawing researchers’ attention.
3. How did Morris conduct his study on the transport employees
A．By carrying out survey. B．By observing their routines.
C．By doing medical examinations. D．By analyzing the medical data.
4. What is the best title for the text
A．Smiling and Its Effects on London Bus Drivers.
B．The Evolution of London’s Transportation System.
C．How London Bus Drivers Led the world to exercise.
D．What Londoners Think about Studies on Bus Drivers.
Passage 12
（23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）The rejuvenating effects of a restorative nocturnal repose are widely recognized; it can engender a state of enhanced well-being. Academics in the field posit that the excellence of one’s slumber may indeed be instrumental in the prolongation of one’s lifespan.
Male subjects who enjoy a state of somnolent tranquility could potentially extend their existence by a span of nearly five decades in comparison to those bereft of such repose. The female counterparts stand to gain an increment of two decades. Additionally, it has been observed that youthful individuals who adhere to salutary somniferous routines are less susceptible to a premature demise. However, the mere quantity of repose is insufficient to reap the potential healthful dividends; the caliber of one’s slumber is equally pivotal.
The parameters of commendable slumber were delineated by a quintet of distinct criteria. These encompassed an optimal duration of seven to eight hours of repose per nocturnal cycle; experiencing difficulty in the initiation of sleep no more than twice per hebdomadal period; similar challenges in maintaining somnolence no more than twice weekly; abstaining from the consumption of any soporific pharmaceuticals; and awakening with a sensation of invigoration on no fewer than five days per septenary cycle.
The conclusions derived from the study intimate that approximately 8% of fatalities, irrespective of their etiology, could be imputed to inadequate somniferous patterns. Dr. Frank Qian, a resident physician specializing in internal medicine at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, America, remarked, “A distinct proportional response relationship was discerned. Consequently, an increase in the beneficial elements pertaining to the quality of sleep correlates with a progressive diminution in mortality from all causes.”
The research collated data from a populace of 172,321 individuals with an average age of 50, of which 54% were female. These participants were engaged in the National Health Interview Survey, spanning the years 2013 to 2018, which sought to scrutinize the well-being of the American populace, inclusive of inquiries into their somniferous habits.
The subjects were tracked for a mean period of 4.3 years, during which 8,681 succumbed to death. Of these fatalities, 2,610 (30%) were attributable to cardiovascular afflictions, 2,052 (24%) to oncological disorders, and 4,019 (46%) to a miscellany of other causes. Among the male and female participants who reported adherence to all five indices of quality sleep (an optimal quintile score), the expectancy of life was augmented by 4.7 years for males and by 2.4% for females, in contradistinction to those who possessed none or a solitary factor.
Further scholarly endeavor is warranted to elucidate the raison d’être for the dichotomy in the enhancement of life expectancy, with males exhibiting twice the increment observed in females despite equivalent somniferous quality.
A caveat of the study lies in the reliance on self-reported somniferous habits, which were not subjected to objective quantification or verification.
1. Who is most likely to have a good sleep
A．Alice, who falls asleep as soon as she touches the pillow after taking a sleeping pill every day.
B．Betty, who falls asleep quickly and has a nightmare at least 3 times a week.
C．Candy, who feels refreshed after sleeping tight weekdays.
D．David, who counts sheep and has a sound sleep every day.
2. What can we learn from the passage
A．The sleep habits in the study were reported by the test subjects.
B．Quantity of sleep was enough to achieve the health benefits.
C．Men had double the life span compared with women.
D．Poor sleep pattern caused 8% of deaths from all causes of cancer.
3. How did the researchers come to their findings
A．By referring to another study.
B．By consulting the authoritative agencies.
C．By interviewing the professionals.
D．By conducting data analysis.
4. What is the writer’s attitude to the the finding of the study
A．Ambiguous B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Doubtful
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·浙江·期中）When margarine (人造黄油) was first sold in the 1800s, plentiful alarmist words were uttered about it. However, it was simply a cream of vegetable oil and water, a processed, more sustainable and healthier alternative to an animal product. Anxiety about new foods and how they are produced continues today. Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed foods” or “UPFs” are downright unhealthy. One particular category in a fierce spotlight is plant-based meats. But how and where food is made doesn’t determine how safe or nutritious it is.
The term UPFs was first used in 2009 by Carlos Monteiro, a nutritionist. In a 2017 paper, he said he was worried that the shared experience of cooking was being increasingly lost and people weren’t eating together. In particular, he was seeing rising rates of diabetes and obesity. Keen to identify the root cause of these issues, he focused on food not made at home, but in factories. But the thing is, as Monteiro has stated openly, the UPF categorisation was never designed to group foods on the basis of nutrition.
Just like pork sausages and chicken popcorn, plant-based alternatives are made in factories, so are considered UPFs. But unlike those animal products, they don’t require antibiotics (抗生素) or hormones during production, require up to 96 percent less land, have carbon emissions up to 98 percent lower, need up to 99 percent less water and result in 100 percent fewer animals dying.
And side by side, they are almost always healthier than the over-processed animal meat products they replace, especially on fat and fibre content. Just compare the labels on the packets next time you are in the supermarket.
Many loud voices are raising concerns, suggesting that all UPFs, especially plant-based meats, are “unnatural”, “fake” and “full of chemicals”. We are seeing history repeat itself, and a fear of new foods being aroused all over again. But the science is unmistakably clear: diets rich in plant-based options are better for both people and the planet, factory or no factory.
1. Why does the author mention margarine in paragraph 1
A．To stress the sales dilemma margarine faced before.
B．To illustrate people’s misunderstanding about margarine.
C．To show the ignored benefits of margarine to people’s health.
D．To emphasize people’s longstanding worry about novel foods.
2. Why did Monteiro create the UPF categorisation
A．To classify the food made at home.
B．To encourage people to cook and eat together.
C．To discover the cause of some rising health problems.
D．To determine the nutrition level of factory-produced food.
3. What do the numbers in paragraph 3 imply
A．Plant-based meats are more ecofriendly.
B．Plant-based meats shouldn’t be considered as UPFs.
C．Plant-based meats will replace UPF animal meat products.
D．Plant-based meats are healthier than sausages and popcorn.
4. What does the author think of the concern over plant-based meats
A．Unnecessary. B．Temporary. C．Reasonable. D．Alarming.
Passage 14
（23-24高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）From “gig-tripping” to “travel dupes” to “hush trips,” the number of new travel trends is seemingly endless. But perhaps the most appealing concept in the tourism space of late is the “sleepeation”. So much of travel these days seems to involve running ourselves ragged trying to hit every amazing attraction we see on TikTok and Instagram. Sleepcations, however, take the polar opposite approach to vacation.
According to Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report, nearly 50% of American travelers surveyed say they are more willing to take a vacation with the intention to get a good night or a few good nights of sleep now compared to a few years ago. The research also showed that sleeping topped the list of U. S. travelers’ main activities for their next vacation, outranking shopping, nightlife and wildlife spotting.
While some wellness resorts have been focusing on sleep for years, now more and more resorts and hotels, from luxury to lifestyle and even budget-friendly properties, are making sure that sleep is as the forefront of a stay. The Malibu Beach Inn in Southern California features two designated “sleep suites”, and the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai on Hawaii’s Big Island offers an 80-minute “sweet dreams” massage treatment meant to promote a good night’s rest. Virgin Hotels Dallasoffers blackout curtains in each room and bedtime amenities(便利设施)like bath bombs and relaxation spray. Although these amenities and services might seem like unnecessary luxuries, the reality is that doing whatever you can to prioritize sleep is quite important.
“Most people don’t get the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep per night,” noted Danielle Desir Corbett, a luxury travel and personal finance expert. “Over time, this ‘sleep debt’ can have serious health implications, affecting cognitive(认知的)function, mood, weight, and immune systems. Sleep is even linked to chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Sleepeations focus on rest and rejuvenation and can be a powerful tool in preventing health issues.”
1. What did Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report find
A．Travelers are more mindful of their sleep health.
B．The travelers’ activities are more and more varied.
C．Only a few travelers are interested in sleep tourism.
D．Sleep is good for our physical and mental wellness.
2. Why does the author mention the hotels in Paragraph 3
A．To show us the luxuries of the hotels.
B．To emphasize the importance of sleep.
C．To prove the popularity of sleepcation.
D．To make an advertisement for the hotels.
3. What is Danielle Desir Corbett’s attitude towards sleepcation
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful.
C．Opposed. D．Approving.
4. What is the best title for the text
A．Sleepcation: Enrich Your Vacation Activities
B．Sleepcation: Be an Important Part of Your Life
C．Sleepcation: Boo st the Development of Tourism
D．Sleepcation: Get a Vacation from Your Vacation
Passage 15
（23-24高二下·上海·期中）Every Saturday morning, as the clock strikes 9 am, over 50,000 eager runners set off on a 5km journey around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon, which originally began as a small gathering among a group of friends, has now boosted 400 events across the UK and numerous others globally. These events, fueled by the dedication of thousands of volunteers, offer a free and inclusive opportunity for individuals of all ages and abilities to participate. Runners range from four-year-olds to grandparents whose finishing times vary greatly, spanning from Andrew Baddeley’s world record of 13 minutes and 48 seconds to leisurely strolls lasting over an hour.
Parkru n is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympics would be held in London. Planning documents promised that the lasting legacy of the Games would be to move a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. This obviously has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012, but the general population had already been growing faster than this number. Worse yet, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have been nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children alike. Official retrospections (回顾) continue to speculate as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation”. The success of Parkrun can offer us some answers.
Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. Its concept welcomes everybody. There is as much joy for a puffed-out (上气不接下气) first-timer being clapped over the line as there is for the sport’s top talent. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was off-putting to newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little weird in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be in getting involved in providing common public goods — making sure that there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments are to blame for selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
1. What does the first paragraph reveal about Parkrun
A．It has created numerous employment opportunities.
B．It has gained increasing popularity worldwide.
C．It has promoted stronger community ties.
D．It has gained official recognition as an official festival.
2. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to ______.
A．stimulate population growth B．promote engagement in sports
C．improve the city’s reputation D．extend sport hours in schools
3. Parkrun differs from the Olympic Games in that it______.
A．aims to discover new talent
B．prioritizes mass competition
C．doesn’t stress athletic excellence
D．isn’t intended for first-timers
4. Regarding the promotion of sports participation, the author suggests that governments should______.
A．organize “grassroots” sporting events
B．supervise local sports associations
C．increase the funding for sports clubs
D．invest in public sports facilities专题-S621阅读理解 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训
Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高二下·湖北襄阳·阶段练习）Is it possible to build muscle and meanwhile lose fat Please allow us to bring the following two facts to your attention first.
Fact 1: Losing fat requires a shortage of calories, which means consuming fewer calories than your body needs so that stored body fat is used for energy instead.
Fact 2: Building muscle requires a caloric surplus, which means consuming more calories than your body needs so that new muscle tissue can be created.
And it’s this realization that leads those of us who want to build muscle and lose fat ideally at the exact same time to wonder just how we’re supposed to make it happen.
The 4-week Online Workout Course professionally designed by Super Fitness will perfectly resolve the conflict, making it possible for you to both build muscle and lose fat.
Targeted groups: Male and female willing to be athletic.
Simply follow us along and keep your ears open to the tips and suggestions we keep giving while working out. We’ll also immediately reply to any doubts or questions.
What you’re promised:
●Being able to lose two pounds of fat per week and get super fit.
●Saving a lot of time by taking the online course. No gym means no traffic!
●Saving a ton of money with 25% off at the Year End Promotion.
What you’re required to have:
●Eagerness for a perfect figure.
●Willingness to tolerate discomfort.
Contact Super Fitness by clicking here!
1. What plays a role in both fat losing and muscle building
A．Muscle tissue. B．Balanced diet. C．Caloric intake. D．Physical fitness.
2. What is necessary for those who want to take the course
A．A perfect figure. B．Effective questioning.
C．A strong willpower. D．Enthusiasm for sports.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A．To state 2 facts on health. B．To promote a wellness website.
C．To give advice on health. D．To advertise a workout course.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了为期四周的在线锻炼课程，使你既能锻炼肌肉，又能减肥。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Fact 1: Losing fat requires a shortage of calories, which means consuming fewer calories than your body needs so that stored body fat is used for energy instead.(事实1：减脂需要热量不足，也就是说要摄入的热量少于身体所需，这样储存的体脂就会被用作能量)”及第三段“Fact 2: Building muscle requires a caloric surplus, which means consuming more calories than your body needs so that new muscle tissue can be created.(事实2：锻炼肌肉需要热量过剩，这意味着消耗的热量比身体需要的要多，这样新的肌肉组织才能产生)”可知，热量摄取在减脂和增肌中起着重要作用。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据What you’re required to have部分中“●Willingness to tolerate discomfort.(愿意忍受不适)”可知，参加该课程需要需要坚定的意志力。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第五段“The 4-week Online Workout Course professionally designed by Super Fitness will perfectly resolve the conflict, making it possible for you to both build muscle and lose fat.(由超级健身专业设计的四周在线锻炼课程将完美地解决这个问题，让你既可以增肌又可以减脂)”和文章最后一句“Contact Super Fitness by clicking here!(点击这里联系超级健身！)”可推知，文章主要为一个在线锻炼课程做广告。故选D。
Passage 2
（23-24高二下·广东阳江·阶段练习）How many calories should you eat in a day Many factors go into determining your calorie needs. Your age, weight, gender/sex, height and activity level and if you want to maintain, lose or gain weight and so on all play a role. So, how many average calories per day should you aim for
Everybody’s daily calorie needs are different, which can make it hard to figure out the magic number. In general, men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) need more calories than women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB). Active people need more than those who have desk jobs. And younger people need more than older people, whose metabolisms (新陈代谢) slow down as they age.
Calories per day for women and people AFAB
Age Calories: inactive Calories: moderately active Calories: active
21–25 2,000 2,200 2,400
26–30 1,800 2,000 2,400
31–50 1,800 2,000 2,200
51–60 1,600 1,800 2,200
61+ 1,600 1,800 2,000
Source: Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion).
Calories per day for men and people AMAB
Age Calories: inactive Calories: moderately active Calories: active
21–25 2,400 2,800 3,000
26–35 2,400 2,600 3,000
36–40 2,400 2,600 2,800
41–45 2,200 2,600 2,800
46-55 2,200 2,400 2,800
56–60 2,200 2,400 2,600
61–65 2,000 2,400 2,600
Source: Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion).
Keep in mind, these calorie recommendations are for people who are at a normal weight. If your weight is above the normal range for your height and your goal is weight loss, you need to consume less. A shortage of 500 calories can provide a weight loss of 1 pound per week.
1. If you are a male of 24,always sitting in the office, daily calorie you need is .
A．2400 B．2000 C．2800 D．2200
2. Which of the statement is true according to the passage
A．People of same age consume the same calories per day.
B．At age 61, men moderately active need more calories than women active .
C．If you are losing weight, you need to consume calories as the recommendations.
D．As metabolisms slow down, the elderly need more calories than younger people.
3. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To persuade us to lose weight .
B．To tell us how many calories we should eat every day.
C．To remind us to eat according to calories recommendations.
D．To tell us age weight, gender, height and activity level etc. determine daily calories need.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要说明了每日卡路里的摄入量取决于年龄、性别、活动情况等。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一个表格第一行表明24岁的男性坐在办公室里也就是“inactive”，需要的热量是2400。故如果你是一个24岁的男性，经常坐在办公室里，你每天需要的卡路里是2400。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据两个表格最后一行的Calories: moderately active部分中，可知在61岁时，适度运动的男性比运动的需要的2400，而女性需要的是1800，所以男性比女性需要更多的卡路里。故B选项“在61岁时，适度运动的男性比运动的女性需要更多的卡路里”正确。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Everybody’s daily calorie needs are different, which can make it hard to figure out the magic number. In general, men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) need more calories than women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB). Active people need more than those who have desk jobs. And younger people need more than older people, whose metabolisms (新陈代谢) slow down as they age.(每个人每天的卡路里需求都是不同的，这使得很难计算出这个神奇的数字。一般来说，男性和出生时为男性（AMAB）的人比女性和出生时为女性（AFAB）的人需要更多的卡路里。活跃的人比坐办公室的人需要更多。年轻人比老年人需要更多，老年人的新陈代谢会随着年龄的增长而减慢)”结合文章主要说明了每日卡路里的摄入量取决于年龄、性别、活动情况等。可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们年龄，体重，性别，身高和活动水平等决定了每天的卡路里需求。故选D。
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·山东泰安·期中）With many people setting health goals as part of their New Year’s resolutions, here are the reasons why you should include cold water therapy (冷水疗法) in yours.
Improved sleep
The calming effects of cold water therapy extend to the field of sleep. Some individuals report enhanced relaxation and improved sleep quality, particularly when engaging in this practice before bedtime.
Stress reduction
The stimulation of the body’s stress response during cold water therapy holds the potential to enhance one’s tolerance to stress over time. Regular exposure to this practice may contribute to an increased adaptation to stressors, developing a more adaptive response to life’s challenges.
Skin and hair health
Cold water’s ability to constrict blood vessels (收缩血管) can lead to reduced puffiness (浮肿), contributing to healthier-looking skin. Furthermore, exposure to cold water may impart benefits to hair health and shine, adding beauty to the overall well-being promoted by this tradition.
Increased endurance
Exploring the fields of physical fitness, regular engagement in cold water therapy is suggested to improve endurance. This enhancement is due to the positive impact on cardiovascular (心血管) strength, ultimately increasing the body’s tolerance to stress on the cardiovascular system over time.
While the benefits are convincing, it is crucial to acknowledge that individual responses can vary. Therefore, consulting with a healthcare professional is advisable before starting cold water therapy.
Additionally, a gradual approach and proper adaptability are essential to avoid subjecting the body to extreme cold exposure without due preparation.
As we start this journey into the new year, considering the incorporation of cold water therapy into our resolutions may provide a refreshing and healthful dimension to our pursuit of wellbeing.
1. Which of the following is not the benefit of cold water therapy
A．We can become beauties.
B．It is likely that we will sleep better.
C．Our cardiovascular system may be stronger.
D．We may improve our ability to handle pressure．
2. What does the underlined word “impart” in the Paragraph 4 mean
A．Deny. B．Offer. C．Donate. D．Receive.
3. What does the author agree with
A．Doctors advise patients to adopt cold water therapy.
B．Once we apply cold water therapy, our stress will be reduced
C．Everyone can benefit a lot if engaged regularly in cold water therapy.
D．We should adapt to cold water gradually when starting cold water therapy.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。旨在介绍冷水疗法的益处，以及如何更好地运用这一疗法。
1. 细节理解题。根据前三个小标题下的第一句“The calming effects of cold water therapy extend to the field of sleep. Some individuals report enhanced relaxation and improved sleep quality, particularly when engaging in this practice before bedtime. (冷水疗法的镇静作用延伸到睡眠领域。一些人报告说，放松感增强，睡眠质量提高，尤其是在睡前进行这种练习时。)”，“The stimulation of the body’s stress response during cold water therapy holds the potential to enhance one’s tolerance to stress over time. (冷水疗法中对身体压力反应的刺激有可能随着时间的推移增强一个人对压力的耐受力。)”和“Cold water’s ability to constrict blood vessels (收缩血管) can lead to reduced puffiness (浮肿), contributing to healthier-looking skin. (冷水收缩血管的能力可以减少浮肿，使皮肤看起来更健康。)”可知，冷水疗法同时对抗压能力，心血管和睡眠有促进作用。故选A项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句话，即划线词后半句“adding beauty to the overall well-being promoted by this tradition (为这一传统所促进的整体幸福增添美)”，可知，此处所提的应该是冷水疗法的益处，故可推测划线词impart为能带来益处，提供益处。而四个选项分别意为：A. deny否认；B. offer提供；C. donate捐赠；D. receive获得。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据本文到数第二段“Additionally, a gradual approach and proper adaptability are essential to avoid subjecting the body to extreme cold exposure without due preparation. (此外，循序渐进的方法和适当的适应性对于避免身体在没有适当准备的情况下暴露在极端寒冷的环境中至关重要。)”可知，作者认为开始冷水疗法之前，患者应该循序渐进的去适应。故选D项。
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·湖北咸宁·期末）BODYPUMP
BODYPUMP, a total body workout that will burn calories, shape your entire body, increase core strength and improve bone health. BODYPUMP is available as either a 55, 45or 30-minute workout.
World leading instructors will coach you through the scientifically-backed moves and techniques pumping out encouragement, motivation and great music — helping you achieve much more than on your own!
BODYCOMBAT
Step into a BODYCOMBAT workout and you’ll punch and kick your way to fitness, burning up to 570 calories along the way. This high-energy martial-arts inspired workout is totally non-contact and there are no complex moves to master. A LES MILLS instructor will challenge you to up the strength and motivate you to make the most of every round. You’ll release stress, have fun and feel like a champ. BODYCOMBAT is available as either a 55,45 or 30-minute workout.
BODYCOMBAT will train your whole body and get you fit, fast and strong. It works your legs, strengthens your arms, back and shoulders and provides core training. You destroy calories. develop coordination and speed, and feel empowered.
BODYJAM
Originating in Auckland, New Zealand, BODYJAM is a combination of music and dance. BODYJAM is available as either a 55, 45 or 30-minute workout. If you want to dance, there is nothing like it. All styles of electronic dance music. It’s the soul of BODYJAM. This is legal.
Whether you’ve got two left feet or fancy yourself as Beyonce’s back up dancer, we’ve got your back. Our superb LES MILLS instructors will lead you to have fun. BODYJAMdoesn’t discriminate, and dance is free, so what’s stop ping you
BODYATTACK
BODYATTACK is a high-energy fitness class with moves that suit total beginners to total addicts. We combine athletic movements like running and jumping with strength exercises such as push-ups and squats (深蹲). BODYATTACK is available as either a 55, 45 or 30-minute workout.
A LES MILLS instructor will pump out energizing tunes and lead you through the workout — challenging your limits in a good way, burning up to 555 calories and leaving you with a sense of achievement.
1. If you are interested in dance, which workout suits you best
A．BODYPUMP. B．BODYCOMBAT.
C．BODYJAM. D．BODYATTACK.
2. What do the four works have in common
A．They all need equipment.
B．They are just suitable for athletes.
C．They are all conducted by instructors.
D．They all require special safety measures.
3. Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A notice. B．A brochure.
C．An essay. D．A textbook.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章描述了四种不同的健身课程（BODYPUMP、BODYCOMBAT、BODYJAM、BODYATTACK），并给出了每种课程的详细介绍、特点和持续时间。
1. 细节理解题。根据BODYJAM部分的“Originating in Auckland, New Zealand, BODYJAM is a combination of music and dance.(BODYJAM起源于新西兰奥克兰，是一种音乐与舞蹈的结合)”可知，BODYJAM是音乐和舞蹈的结合，适合想要跳舞的人。由此可知，如果对舞蹈感兴趣，BODYJAM最适合你。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据BODYPUMP部分的“World leading instructors will coach you through the scientifically-backed moves and techniques(世界领先的教练将指导您通过科学支持的动作和技术)”，BODYCOMBAT部分的“A LES MILLS instructor will challenge you to up the strength and motivate you to make the most of every round.(一位LES MILLS教练会挑战你提高力量，并激励你充分利用每一轮（的锻炼）)”，BODYJAM部分的“Our superb LES MILLS instructors will lead you to have fun.(我们一流的LES MILLS教练将带领你玩得开心)”和BODYATTACK部分的“A LES MILLS instructor will pump out energizing tunes and lead you through the workout — challenging your limits in a good way(一位LES MILLS教练将为你播放充满活力的音乐，引导你完成锻炼——以一种好的方式挑战你的极限)”可知，四个工作的共同点是都有教练指导。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。文章描述了四种不同的健身课程（BODYPUMP、BODYCOMBAT、BODYJAM、BODYATTACK），并给出了每种课程的详细介绍、特点和持续时间，这些都是宣传册中常见的内容。由此推知，文章最有可能出自一本宣传手册。故选B。
Passage 5
（23-24高二下·安徽·阶段练习）Zenergy Gymnastics
At Zenergy Gymnastics we offer different classes to help participants promote self-confidence, build physical fitness and encourage independence.
Hot Shot & Strength Training
This program is designed to teach basic gymnastics skills and ensure the development of a strong physical and mental foundation for young male athletes. Individual training focuses on strength, flexibility and balance, which can be transferred to any sport.
Wednesdays & Saturdays 4: 30 p. m. — 5: 20 p. m. Monthly fees: $65. 00
Me & My Grown Up
This is a great class for the young children and adults to enjoy time together exploring movement and starting to understand their little bodies. The class is directed by instructors, yet parents work directly with their children. In addition to learning gymnastics, the children will also learn valuable social skills, like following directions.
Saturdays & Sundays 10: 30 a. m. — 11: 30 a. m. Monthly fees: $55. 00
Nimjia Warrior Program
This class is for kids from the age of six to eleven. Students will compete in a safe challenging environment while having fun. This is the perfect program for a child who has a ton of energy because we promise they'll leave tired, sweaty and talking about how much fun they have had!
Mondays 4: 25 p.m. — 5:05 p. m. Fridays 7: 35 p. m. — 8: 15 p.m. Monthly fees: $57.00
Competitive Team
Competitive Team is for adult athletes who wish to reach the next level in their competition. Athletes are invited to team based on their gymnastics skill levels. We attempt to help them promote their confidence and grow as a teammate.
Tuesdays 6: 45 p. m. — 8: 15 p. m. Sundays 5: 00 p. m. — 6: 30 p. m. Monthly fees: $73. 00
1. Which class encourages its customers to take their kids with them
A．Competitive Team. B．Me & My Grown Up.
C．Nimjia Warrior Program. D．Hot Shot & Strength Training.
2. What is special about Nimjia Warrior Program
A．It charges the lowest fees. B．It is scheduled for weekdays only.
C．It has the longest class period. D．It promises energy conservation.
3. What is this text
A．An advertisement for a gym. B．A parenting guide.
C．An introduction to a sport. D．A workout schedule.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【导语】本文是应用文。文章是Zenergy Gymnastics的一则广告。广告中介绍了四门课程的特色、开设时间和月费等情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据Me & My Grown Up部分的“This is a great class for the young children and adults to enjoy time together exploring movement and starting to understand their little bodies.(这是一个很好的课程，让幼儿和成人一起享受探索运动的时间，并开始了解他们的小身体。)”可知，Me & My Grown Up这门课鼓励顾客带着孩子一起健身。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据Nimjia Warrior Program部分的“Mondays 4: 25 p.m. —5:05 p. m. Fridays 7: 35 p. m. —8: 15 p.m.(星期一下午4:25 -5:05 星期五下午7:35 - 8:15)”可知，Nimjia Warrior Program的特别之处是该课程只在工作日进行。而其他三门课程在周末都有排课。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“At Zenergy Gymnastics we offer different classes to help participants promote self-confidence, build physical fitness and encourage independence.(在Zenergy Gymnastics，我们提供不同的课程来帮助参与者提高自信，建立身体健康和鼓励独立。)”可知，Zenergy Gymnastics提供不同的课程，帮助参与者提升自信，促进身体健康，鼓励独立。结合下文介绍了四门课程的特色、开设时间和月费推知，这是Zenergy Gymnastics健身馆的一则广告。故选A。
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高二下·山东聊城·期中）In summer the extreme heat often makes people sweaty and restless. While people are annoyed by it, experts suggest summer is the best season to discharge your body’s toxins (毒素) and recover your energy.
One popular option is hot-stone treatment. Therapists (治疗师) use smooth and heated stones, usually river rocks, to rub or press certain parts of the body, or place them on key points of the body. The warmth of the hot stones will improve blood circulation and also help relax muscles, while sweating is also believed to be good for discharging the body’s toxins.
Another popular option is hot-stone baths. The hot-stone bath will help the body discharge toxins and humidity (湿气) that accumulated during the last winter. Summer is the best season to build a good body. Rather than use water or steam to heat and wash the body, people simply wear a coat or something comfortable, and then lie on heated stone tablets made of hot stones, which are warmed to around 45℃. The body will gradually warm up and blood circulation will also be improved. More sweat will come out quickly. The sweat is smooth and fresh, not smelly like that released after sports activities. Such baths bring a number of health benefits, such as anti-aging, improved blood circulation and stress relief. The slimming effect of dieting can even be promoted.
Using hot stones for health benefits dates back to ancient times, but the modern renewal of hot-stone massage is generally credited to Mary Nelson, a native of Tucson, Arizona, America, whose trademark is “LaStone Therapy”.
The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people, especially those who have jobs in cool air-conditioned rooms. The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases, including back pain.
1. What does the hot-stone treatment can not do
A．Relax your muscle. B．Better your blood circulation.
C．Improve your dieting. D．Discharge the toxins inside.
2. What will you do while taking hot-stone bath
A．Accumulate toxins during last winter. B．Bath in hot water or steam.
C．Participate in sports activities before it. D．Lie on some hot flat stones.
3. What can be learned about the hot-stone therapy
A．It successfully cured many diseases by itself. B．Its popularity lies in its benefits on health.
C．Its origin comes from modern concepts. D．It can help people sweat little in summer.
4. Which of the following could be the best title for the Text
A．Small hot stones, big healthy functions B．Summer, the best time to recover your energy
C．Hot-stone therapy, a way to cure all diseases D．Sweating, the best way to release toxins
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了在夏季利用热石疗法改善身体健康。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The warmth of the hot stones will improve blood circulation and also help relax muscles, while sweating is also believed to be good for discharging the body’s toxins.(热石的温暖会促进血液循环，也有助于放松肌肉，而出汗也被认为有助于排出身体的毒素)”可知，热石有助于放松肌肉，促进血液循环和排出毒素，没有提到能改善饮食。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Rather than use water or steam to heat and wash the body, people simply wear a coat or something comfortable, and then lie on heated stone tablets made of hot stones, which are warmed to around 45℃.(人们不用水或蒸汽加热和清洗身体，只需穿上一件外套或一些舒适的东西，然后躺在由热石头制成的加热的石板上，这些石板被加热到45℃左右)”可知，洗热石浴的时候需要躺在一些热的扁平石头，即石板上。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people, especially those who have jobs in cool air-conditioned rooms. The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases, including back pain.(这种疗法受到了许多人的广泛欢迎，尤其是那些在凉爽的空调房间工作的人。热石疗法可以帮助治愈许多疾病，包括背痛)”可知，热石疗法广受欢迎，由于它对健康有好处。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章全文内容及最后一段“The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people, especially those who have jobs in cool air-conditioned rooms. The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases, including back pain.(这种疗法受到了许多人的广泛欢迎，尤其是那些在凉爽的空调房间工作的人。热石疗法可以帮助治愈许多疾病，包括背痛)”可知，本文介绍了热石疗法对身体有益，A选项“小热石，大养生功能”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。
Passage 7
（23-24高二下·四川德阳·阶段练习）Most of us want to get in shape and be healthy. For many of us nutrition (营养) and watching what we eat is an important way to stay healthy. But when it comes to food, what is calorie counting, and what are the positives and negatives of it
A law in the UK came into force in April 2022 that requires restaurants, takeaways, and cafes to display the calorie information of non-pre-packed food and soft drinks on their menus. It’s a strategy aimed to deal with obesity and give people a more informed choice of what goes down into their stomachs. Being able to count calories and know how much we can eat is a great way to try and stay on track with our diet.
However, there are some disbelievers when it comes to calorie counting 200 calories of fresh fruit and 200 calories of junk food, for example cookies, have the same caloric value. However, there is a question of the health benefits of what you’re eating, regardless of calories. While fresh fruit like apples contains things like vitamin C, junk food could contain an unhealthy level of sugar and fats. Likewise (同样地), fruit may fill you up and leave you not wanting more food for longer than a biscuit with equal calories — meaning, overall, you eat less.
Simply counting calories, while useful for weight loss, doesn’t take into account your intake of good fats, carbohydrates, and proteins — things that your body needs. So, if you’re trying to stick to a low-carbon diet, just looking at numbers of calories on a menu won’t be that useful. So, always be mindful that what you’re eating is part of a healthy balanced diet.
1. What does the underlined word “obesity” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．being healthy B．being strong C．being fat D．being sleepy
2. What opinion do disbelievers hold
A．Calorie alone doesn’t contribute to health. B．Junk food has more calories than fresh fruit.
C．Less calories mean less food in your stomach. D．Sugar and fats are more harmful than calories.
3. What’s the text mainly about
A．The best way to keep in shape. B．A research result of obesity in the UK.
C．Nutrition and its health benefit. D．Opinions and comments on calorie counting.
4. From which section of a magazine is this text most likely taken
A．Entertainment. B．Lifestyle. C．Finance. D．Education.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了考虑到健康问题，我们是否应该计算卡路里的摄入。
1. 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词前文“A law in the UK came into force in April 2022 that requires restaurants, takeaways, and cafes to display the calorie information of non-pre-packed food and soft drinks on their menus.(英国一项法律于2022年4月生效，要求餐馆、外卖和咖啡馆在菜单上显示非预包装食品和软饮料的卡路里信息)”及“give people a more informed choice of what goes down into their stomachs(让人们更明智地选择什么东西进入了他们的胃)”可知，法律要求在食物包装上显示卡路里信息是为了让人们知道自己摄入多少卡路里，从而可以保持身材，解决肥胖问题。划线词与being fat意思相近。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, there are some disbelievers when it comes to calorie counting 200 calories of fresh fruit and 200 calories of junk food, for example cookies, have the same caloric value. However, there is a question of the health benefits of what you’re eating, regardless of calories.(然而，当谈到卡路里计算时，有些人不相信200卡路里的新鲜水果和200卡路里的垃圾食品（如饼干）具有相同的卡路里值。然而，有一个问题是，不管卡路里多少，你所吃的东西对健康有什么好处)”可知，不相信的人认为热量本身对健康无益处。故选A。
3. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But when it comes to food, what is calorie counting, and what are the positives and negatives of it (但是说到食物，什么是卡路里计算，它的优点和缺点是什么)”及最后一段“Simply counting calories, while useful for weight loss, doesn’t take into account your intake of good fats, carbohydrates, and proteins—things that your body needs. So, if you’re trying to stick to a low-carbon diet, just looking at numbers of calories on a menu won’t be that useful. So, always be mindful that what you’re eating is part of a healthy balanced diet.(简单地计算卡路里，虽然对减肥有用，但没有考虑到你摄入的有益脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质——这些是你身体需要的。所以，如果你想坚持低碳饮食，只看菜单上的卡路里数是没有用的。所以，总是要注意你所吃的是健康均衡饮食的一部分)”可知，这篇文章讲的是卡路里计算的必要性和它的不足之处，从而让读者知道该不该计算卡路里，即，关于卡路里计算的意见和评论。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But when it comes to food, what is calorie counting, and what are the positives and negatives of it (但是说到食物，什么是卡路里计算，它的优点和缺点是什么)”可知，文章主要介绍了考虑到健康问题，我们是否应该计算卡路里，与健康生活有关，从而推断，文章最有可能选自杂志的生活方式板块。故选B。
Passage 8
（23-24高二下·四川内江·期中）The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. As we know, we sit while we’re eating, we sit in the car and we sit while we’re watching TV. And many of us sit for many hours at work.
New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Katzmarzyk, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere.
However, Mr. Katzmarzyk says even that does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. He also says you may exercise often. “We can’t throw away physical activity. It’s extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that.”
Mr. Katzmarzyk and his colleagues are part of a new generation of researchers studying how sitting all day affects length of life. “Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality (死亡率) or television viewing and mortality are very rare. There have only been a few of studies, actually five or six now, in the last four or five years.” They found that cutting television time to less than two hours a day could add one-point four years to life.
Luckily, change is already coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A “standing desk” lets people stand while they are working. Another new design is called the “treadmill desk”. A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. Even some U.S. schools are beginning to experiment with desks that are part bicycle to keep children moving, that’s one of the strategies that many companies are using now.
Mr. Katzmarzyk also says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives.
1. The underlined word “ubiquitous” may mean ______.
A．dangerous B．embarrassing C．comfortable D．common
2. Which view agrees with the opinion of Mr. Katmarzyk
A．Exercise is important, but so is not sitting.
B．Watching TV is bad, but can broaden one’s horizons.
C．Sitting too long may help increase one’s life.
D．Stopping watching TV is a necessary but hard task.
3. What does Mr. Katzmarzyk think of his study in Paragraph 4
A．It’s totally ignored by many experts. B．It’s a relatively new area of study.
C．It’s a study that begins too late. D．It’s a hot subject studied by experts.
4. Why is there change in the design of desks at some offices
A．To give workers more comfort. B．To improve workers’ work efficiency.
C．To offer workers the chance to exercise. D．To let workers seek pleasure while working.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在的人们坐着的时间普遍较长，Mr. Katzmarzyk和他的团队的研究表明久坐对人们生活的不良影响，人们也在探索在工作学习中改变久坐的方式，譬如让人站立着或行走着办公的一些办公桌的设计。
1. 词句猜测题。根据“Peter Katzmarzyk, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere. (美国南部路易斯安那大学的科学家彼得·卡茨马齐克说，坐着在我们的生活中ubiquitous，这意味着这是我们一直做的事情，无处不在。)”可知，我们几乎无时无地的都会坐着，因此坐这个动作是我们生活中常见的动作，由此猜测ubiquitous的意思是“处处可见的、普遍的”。故选D项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. (新的研究表明，每天坐不到三小时可能会延长你两年的寿命。)”，以及第三段“However, Mr.Katzmarzyk says even that does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. He also says you may exercise often. ‘We can’t throw away physical activity. It’s extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that.’ (然而，卡兹马兹克先生表示，这并不意味着你可以在醒着的其他时间里坐着。他还说你可以经常锻炼。‘我们不能放弃体育活动。这是非常重要的。我们做了60年的研究证明了这一点。’)”可知，不要久坐，可以延长寿命，醒着的时候不能老是坐着，这些时间你也可以用来锻炼。由此可知，Mr. Katmarzyk认为运动对我们来说很重要，不久坐也很重要。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality (死亡率) or television viewing and mortality are very rare. There have only been a few of them, actually five or six now,in the last four or five years. (很少有研究评估久坐与死亡率或看电视与死亡率之间的关系。在过去的四五年里，只有过几次（研究），实际上，有五六次吧。)”可知，关于“久坐与死亡率”的这一方面的研究还不多，只是近四五年来才开始研究。由此推知，Mr. Katmarzyk认为这是一个相对较新的研究领域。故选B项。
4. 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“A ‘standing desk’ lets people stand while they are working. Another new design is called the ‘treadmill desk’. A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. (‘站立式办公桌’可以让人们在工作时站立。另一种新设计被称为‘跑步机办公桌’。跑步机是一种让你在一个地方行走的锻炼机器。)”可知，文中提及的这些桌子可以让人站着工作，或者边走路边工作，对于那些坐的时间很长的人来说，是为他们提供锻炼的机会，故选C项。
Passage 9
（23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021.
The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable- based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal- based saturated(饱和的) fats were16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind. The findings show the type and different food sources of fat are more important than the total amount of fat in preventing certain diseases, including stroke.
“You need fat to survive. Fat helps your body absorb vitamins from foods, build cells, give you energy and keep you warm. But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol(胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy. Saturated fats are generally not as healthy, which mainly come from red and processed meat,” said Dr. Frank Hu, one of the authors of the study.
A proper reduction in red and processed meat consumption with a healthy eating pattern can reduce total death rate by 13%, heart disease death by 14%, cancer death by 11% and Type 2 Diabetes risk by 24%, according to the study.
Interestingly, dairy fat was not associated with a higher risk of stroke, the study found. There has been an ongoing debate among researchers as to the role of dairy. The diet guide- lines for Americans call for three servings of low- and no- fat dairy each day.
1. How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 2
A．By providing examples. B．By analyzing causes and effects.
C．By making comparisons. D．By following the order of time.
2. Which kind of food doesn’t contain unsaturated fats based on Paragraph 3
A．Corn. B．Beans. C．Nuts. D．Beef.
3. What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Stroke is concerned with the type of fat.
B．People should not eat meat to keep healthy.
C．Fat plays an important role in people’s life.
D．Americans need three servings of dairy daily.
4. Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from
A．Culture. B．Health. C．Modern. D．Character.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，摄入脂肪的种类，而不是数量，对于罹患中风有重要的影响。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable-based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal-based saturated (饱和的) fats were 16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind.(这项尚未得到其他研究人员证实的研究发现，食用最多植物性脂肪的人比食用最少植物性脂肪的人患中风的可能性低12%。另一方面，食用动物性饱和脂肪含量最高的人比食用同类脂肪最少的人患中风的可能性高16%)”可推知，第二段通过作比较来展开。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol (胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy.(但是来自蔬菜、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类的不饱和脂肪可以降低你的胆固醇水平，帮助你保持健康)”可知，植物、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类中有不饱和脂肪，牛肉不属于这一范围。故选D。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021.(摄入过多的脂肪会增加患中风和其他心脏病的风险。然而，在中风方面，脂肪的类型，而不是数量，似乎更重要。根据2021年美国心脏协会科学会议上发表的一项研究报告，食用植物性脂肪可以降低中风风险)”结合文章说明了一项研究发现，摄入脂肪的种类，而不是数量，对于罹患中风有重要的影响。即中风与脂肪类型有关。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke.(然而，在中风方面，脂肪的类型，而不是数量，似乎更重要)”可知，本文为健康类科普文，可能选自报纸的健康版块。故选B。
Passage 10
（23-24高二下·河北·期末）Cigarettes pose a risk to nearly all health conditions, yet the potential health consequences for smokers extend beyond immediate diseases.
A group of 1,000 healthy volunteers who were aged 20 to 70 were examined to see why human immune systems (免疫系统) vary significantly in terms of how effectively they respond to microbial (微生物的) attack. Age, sex and genetics are known to have a significant impact on the immune system, and the aim of this new study was to determine what other factors had the most influence.
The scientists exposed blood samples taken from the individuals to a wide variety of microbes such as viruses, bacteria, etc., and observed their immune response by measuring levels of secreted cytokines (细胞激素). Using the large quantities of data gathered for the individuals in the group, they then determined which of the 136 investigated variables, including body mass index, smoking, the number of hours’ sleep, exercise, childhood illnesses, vaccinations, living environment, etc., had the most influence on the immune responses studied. Three variables stood out: smoking, latent cytomegalovirus infection — a virus in the herpes family, and body mass index.
Analysis of the data showed that the inflammatory (发炎的) response was heightened in smokers and moreover, the activity of certain cells involved in immune memory was damaged. In other words, this study shows that smoking disrupts not only inborn immune mechanisms, but also some adaptive immune mechanisms.
Basically, it seems that the immune system has a type of long-term memory of smoking’s effects. But how does this happen That part is still unclear. Some researchers think this phenomenon is due to what could be considered the modern biological version of the 19th century’s concept off “aether”. They rely on a series of indirect evidence. However, it’s not a solid biological mechanism, and a detailed explanation will need to wait for further research. Regardless of why it happens, it happens, so stop smoking.
1. What is the purpose of the study mentioned in the text
A．To figure out the potential causes of smoking.
B．To explore how aging affects immune system.
C．To identify factors affecting immune response.
D．To develop a new way against microbial attack.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The significance of immune response.
B．The analysis of data in the experiment.
C．The range of viruses used in the experiment.
D．The process and findings of the experiment.
3. What is the author’s attitude to some researchers’ theory basis
A．Positive. B．Suspicious.
C．Objective. D．Unconcerned.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A．Cigarettes Have A Long-Term Effect On Immune System
B．Smokers May Get Away From Immune System Disorders
C．Smokers Suffer From More Than Common Health Issues
D．Cigarettes Pose An Immediate Risk To Immune System
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明吸烟对免疫系统产生长期的有害影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A group of 1,000 healthy volunteers who were aged 20 to 70 were examined to see why human immune systems ( 免疫系统) vary significantly in terms of how effectively they respond to microbial (微生物的) attack. Age, sex and genetics are known to have a significant impact on the immune system, and the aim of this new study was to determine what other factors had the most influence..(研究人员对一组1000名年龄在20岁至70岁之间的健康志愿者进行了检查，以了解人体免疫系统在应对微生物攻击的有效程度方面为何存在显著差异。众所周知，年龄、性别和遗传对免疫系统有重大影响，这项新研究的目的是确定哪些其他因素的影响最大。)”可知，文中提到的研究的目的是找出影响免疫反应的因素。故选C。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The scientists exposed blood samples taken from the individuals to a wide variety of microbes such as viruses, bacteria, etc., and observed their immune response by measuring levels of secreted cytokines (细胞激素). Using the large quantities of data gathered for the individuals in the group, they then determined which of the 136 investigated variables, including body mass index, smoking, the number of hours’ sleep, exercise, childhood illnesses, vaccinations, living environment, etc., had the most influence on the immune responses studied. Three variables stood out: smoking, latent cytomegalovirus infection—a virus in the herpes family, and body mass index.(科学家将从受试者身上采集的血液样本暴露于各种微生物，如病毒、细菌等，并通过测量分泌细胞因子的水平来观察他们的免疫反应。利用为该组个体收集的大量数据，他们随后确定了 136 个研究变量中哪些变量对研究的免疫反应影响最大，包括体重指数、吸烟、睡眠时间、运动、儿童疾病、疫苗接种、生活环境等。三个变量脱颖而出：吸烟、潜伏性巨细胞病毒感染（疱疹病毒家族）和体重指数。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了实验的过程和结果。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some researchers think this phenomenon is due to what could be considered the modern biological version of the 19th century’s concept off “aether”. They rely on a series of indirect evidence. However, it’s not a solid biological mechanism, and a detailed explanation will need to wait for further research. (一些研究人员认为，这种现象是由于 19 世纪“以太”概念的现代生物学版本造成的。他们依靠一系列间接证据。然而，这并不是一个可靠的生物学机制，详细的解释需要等待进一步的研究。)”可推知，作者对一些研究者的理论基础持怀疑态度，故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Cigarettes pose a risk to nearly all health conditions, yet the potential health consequences for smokers extend beyond immediate diseases.(香烟对几乎所有健康状况都构成威胁，但吸烟者的潜在健康后果并不仅限于眼前的疾病。)”和倒数第二段“Analysis of the data showed that the inflammatory (发炎的) response was heightened in smokers and moreover, the activity of certain cells involved in immune memory was damaged. In other words, this study shows that smoking disrupts not only inborn immune mechanisms, but also some adaptive immune mechanisms.(数据分析显示，吸烟者的炎症反应增强，而且某些参与免疫记忆的细胞活性受到损害。换句话说，这项研究表明，吸烟不仅会破坏先天免疫机制，还会破坏一些适应性免疫机制)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究表明吸烟对免疫系统产生长期的有害影响，A项“香烟对免疫系统有长期影响”适合作文章标题，故选A。
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（23-24高二下·陕西西安·期末）A new study has found that smiling at London bus drivers increases happiness. The finding feels obvious and unexpected at the same time. The authors of the research, which was conducted by the University of Sussex and others, hope it will lead to “more interaction and kindness on buses”. On the Number 24 bus to Hampstead Heath, Londoners are sceptical. “Bus drivers,” says Liz Hands, a passenger, “are generally annoying.”
It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London’s buses.
In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why Various hypotheses (假设), such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young.
At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the increasing deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers. His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower possibility of disease than drivers, who sat down all day. Exercise was keeping people alive.
Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer. Morris’s work had consequences both big and small. Morris now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter and just running. “People thought I was bananas.” Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A．The former study made much difference.
B．Running was regarded as harmful behavior.
C．Smiling at drivers can cure passengers’ diseases.
D．London passengers can understand bus drivers well.
2. What does the underlined part “exercising researchers” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Encouraging researchers to work out. B．Helping with researchers’ inquiry.
C．Holding back researchers’ progress. D．Drawing researchers’ attention.
3. How did Morris conduct his study on the transport employees
A．By carrying out survey. B．By observing their routines.
C．By doing medical examinations. D．By analyzing the medical data.
4. What is the best title for the text
A．Smiling and Its Effects on London Bus Drivers.
B．The Evolution of London’s Transportation System.
C．How London Bus Drivers Led the world to exercise.
D．What Londoners Think about Studies on Bus Drivers.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了伦敦公交车司机是如何改变世界，并导致运动的发明。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. (20世纪40年代，一项针对伦敦运输工人的研究改变了流行病学、医学和我们现在的生活方式)”可知，20世纪40年代的那项研究影响很大，故选A项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young. (剑桥大学流行病学教授Nick Wareham表示，健康和运动有关的观点“在当时并不是我们今天所知道的公认事实”。一些人甚至认为“过多的体育活动对你的健康有害”。从事体育锻炼的矿工和农民也会患上各种疾病，英年早逝)”可知，当时认为锻炼会对健康有害，即锻炼没有引起研究人员的注意。故划线词意思是“引起研究人员的注意”。A. Encouraging researchers to work out鼓励研究人员锻炼身体；B. Helping with researchers’ inquiry协助研究人员进行调查；C. Holding back researchers’ progress阻碍研究人员的进步；D. Drawing researchers’ attention引起研究人员的注意。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the increasing deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers. ( 这时，一位名叫杰里·莫里斯的年轻医生开始怀疑，心脏病导致的超额死亡人数可能与职业有关。他开始研究31000名伦敦运输工人的医疗记录。)”可知，杰里·莫里斯医生通过分析运输工人的医疗记录展开研究，故选D项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology (流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London’s buses. (一份关于伦敦公交车的报告似乎不太可能改变人们的行为。但这种情况以前也发生过。伦敦的公共汽车在医学科学史上的作用被低估了。20世纪40年代，一项针对伦敦交通工人的研究改变了流行病学、医学和我们现在的生活方式。每当你跑步、检查步数、或走楼梯而不是乘电梯时，你都是在追随伦敦公共汽车上工人们的脚步)”可知，文章主要说明了伦敦公共汽车上的工人曾经改变了人们如今的生活方式，曾经人们认为锻炼有害身体，结果对工人的研究发现锻炼使人保持活力。可知，C选项“How London Bus Drivers Led the world to exercise. (伦敦巴士司机如何引领世界运动)”最符合题意。故选C。
Passage 12
（23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）The rejuvenating effects of a restorative nocturnal repose are widely recognized; it can engender a state of enhanced well-being. Academics in the field posit that the excellence of one’s slumber may indeed be instrumental in the prolongation of one’s lifespan.
Male subjects who enjoy a state of somnolent tranquility could potentially extend their existence by a span of nearly five decades in comparison to those bereft of such repose. The female counterparts stand to gain an increment of two decades. Additionally, it has been observed that youthful individuals who adhere to salutary somniferous routines are less susceptible to a premature demise. However, the mere quantity of repose is insufficient to reap the potential healthful dividends; the caliber of one’s slumber is equally pivotal.
The parameters of commendable slumber were delineated by a quintet of distinct criteria. These encompassed an optimal duration of seven to eight hours of repose per nocturnal cycle; experiencing difficulty in the initiation of sleep no more than twice per hebdomadal period; similar challenges in maintaining somnolence no more than twice weekly; abstaining from the consumption of any soporific pharmaceuticals; and awakening with a sensation of invigoration on no fewer than five days per septenary cycle.
The conclusions derived from the study intimate that approximately 8% of fatalities, irrespective of their etiology, could be imputed to inadequate somniferous patterns. Dr. Frank Qian, a resident physician specializing in internal medicine at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, America, remarked, “A distinct proportional response relationship was discerned. Consequently, an increase in the beneficial elements pertaining to the quality of sleep correlates with a progressive diminution in mortality from all causes.”
The research collated data from a populace of 172,321 individuals with an average age of 50, of which 54% were female. These participants were engaged in the National Health Interview Survey, spanning the years 2013 to 2018, which sought to scrutinize the well-being of the American populace, inclusive of inquiries into their somniferous habits.
The subjects were tracked for a mean period of 4.3 years, during which 8,681 succumbed to death. Of these fatalities, 2,610 (30%) were attributable to cardiovascular afflictions, 2,052 (24%) to oncological disorders, and 4,019 (46%) to a miscellany of other causes. Among the male and female participants who reported adherence to all five indices of quality sleep (an optimal quintile score), the expectancy of life was augmented by 4.7 years for males and by 2.4% for females, in contradistinction to those who possessed none or a solitary factor.
Further scholarly endeavor is warranted to elucidate the raison d’être for the dichotomy in the enhancement of life expectancy, with males exhibiting twice the increment observed in females despite equivalent somniferous quality.
A caveat of the study lies in the reliance on self-reported somniferous habits, which were not subjected to objective quantification or verification.
1. Who is most likely to have a good sleep
A．Alice, who falls asleep as soon as she touches the pillow after taking a sleeping pill every day.
B．Betty, who falls asleep quickly and has a nightmare at least 3 times a week.
C．Candy, who feels refreshed after sleeping tight weekdays.
D．David, who counts sheep and has a sound sleep every day.
2. What can we learn from the passage
A．The sleep habits in the study were reported by the test subjects.
B．Quantity of sleep was enough to achieve the health benefits.
C．Men had double the life span compared with women.
D．Poor sleep pattern caused 8% of deaths from all causes of cancer.
3. How did the researchers come to their findings
A．By referring to another study.
B．By consulting the authoritative agencies.
C．By interviewing the professionals.
D．By conducting data analysis.
4. What is the writer’s attitude to the the finding of the study
A．Ambiguous B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Doubtful
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究发现一个人的睡眠质量可能确实有助于延长一个人的寿命，同时指出这项研究中存在的不足。
1. 细节理解题。根据首段中的”The rejuvenating effects of a restorative nocturnal repose are widely recognized; it can engender a state of enhanced well-being.(恢复性夜间休息的恢复活力的作用是公认的；它可以产生一种增强幸福感的状态。)”可知，恢复性夜间休息的恢复活力的作用是公认的，由此可知，夜间休息可以使人产生一种增加幸福感的状态，Candy在工作日晚上睡觉后感到精神焕发，符合良好睡眠的标准。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“A caveat of the study lies in the reliance on self-reported somniferous habits, which were not subjected to objective quantification or verification.(该研究的一个警告在于依赖于自我报告的睡眠习惯，这些习惯没有经过客观的量化或验证。)”可知，该研究中的睡眠习惯依赖于自我报告，没有经过客观的量化或验证，由此可知，研究中的睡眠习惯是由测试对象报告的。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The research collated data from a populace of 172,321 individuals with an average age of 50, of which 54% were female. These participants were engaged in the National Health Interview Survey, spanning the years 2013 to 2018, which sought to scrutinize the well-being of the American populace, inclusive of inquiries into their somniferous habits.(该研究整理172,321名平均年龄为50岁的人的数据，其中54%是女性。这些参与者参与了2013年至2018年的全国健康访谈调查，该调查旨在仔细检查美国民众的健康状况，包括调查他们的饮酒习惯。)”可知，该项研究整理了172,321名平均年龄为50岁的人的数据，且该调查的宗旨是仔细检查美国民众的健康状况，由此可知，该项研究是通过数据分析得出的结论。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。根据首段中的“The rejuvenating effects of a restorative nocturnal repose are widely recognized; it can engender a state of enhanced well-being. Academics in the field posit that the excellence of one’s slumber may indeed be instrumental in the prolongation of one’s lifespan.(恢复性夜间休息的恢复活力的作用是公认的；它可以产生一种增强幸福感的状态。该领域的学者们认为，一个人的睡眠质量可能确实有助于延长一个人的寿命。)”可知，研究发现，一个人的睡眠质量可能确实有助于延长一个人的寿命，结合倒数第二段中的“Further scholarly endeavor is warranted to elucidate the raison d’être for the dichotomy in the enhancement of life expectancy, with males exhibiting twice the increment observed in females despite equivalent somniferous quality.(进一步的学术努力是有必要的，以阐明在预期寿命提高方面的存在产生分裂的原因，男性表现出两倍于女性观察到的增长，尽管同样的一些睡眠质量。)”可知，作者认为进一步的学术努力是必要的，以阐明在预期寿命提高方面的存在产生分裂的原因，由此可知，作者既承认该项研究的结论的合理性，也指出研究需要进一步的学术努力，所以，作者对该项研究的结果的态度是客观的。故选B项。
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·浙江·期中）When margarine (人造黄油) was first sold in the 1800s, plentiful alarmist words were uttered about it. However, it was simply a cream of vegetable oil and water, a processed, more sustainable and healthier alternative to an animal product. Anxiety about new foods and how they are produced continues today. Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed foods” or “UPFs” are downright unhealthy. One particular category in a fierce spotlight is plant-based meats. But how and where food is made doesn’t determine how safe or nutritious it is.
The term UPFs was first used in 2009 by Carlos Monteiro, a nutritionist. In a 2017 paper, he said he was worried that the shared experience of cooking was being increasingly lost and people weren’t eating together. In particular, he was seeing rising rates of diabetes and obesity. Keen to identify the root cause of these issues, he focused on food not made at home, but in factories. But the thing is, as Monteiro has stated openly, the UPF categorisation was never designed to group foods on the basis of nutrition.
Just like pork sausages and chicken popcorn, plant-based alternatives are made in factories, so are considered UPFs. But unlike those animal products, they don’t require antibiotics (抗生素) or hormones during production, require up to 96 percent less land, have carbon emissions up to 98 percent lower, need up to 99 percent less water and result in 100 percent fewer animals dying.
And side by side, they are almost always healthier than the over-processed animal meat products they replace, especially on fat and fibre content. Just compare the labels on the packets next time you are in the supermarket.
Many loud voices are raising concerns, suggesting that all UPFs, especially plant-based meats, are “unnatural”, “fake” and “full of chemicals”. We are seeing history repeat itself, and a fear of new foods being aroused all over again. But the science is unmistakably clear: diets rich in plant-based options are better for both people and the planet, factory or no factory.
1. Why does the author mention margarine in paragraph 1
A．To stress the sales dilemma margarine faced before.
B．To illustrate people’s misunderstanding about margarine.
C．To show the ignored benefits of margarine to people’s health.
D．To emphasize people’s longstanding worry about novel foods.
2. Why did Monteiro create the UPF categorisation
A．To classify the food made at home.
B．To encourage people to cook and eat together.
C．To discover the cause of some rising health problems.
D．To determine the nutrition level of factory-produced food.
3. What do the numbers in paragraph 3 imply
A．Plant-based meats are more ecofriendly.
B．Plant-based meats shouldn’t be considered as UPFs.
C．Plant-based meats will replace UPF animal meat products.
D．Plant-based meats are healthier than sausages and popcorn.
4. What does the author think of the concern over plant-based meats
A．Unnecessary. B．Temporary. C．Reasonable. D．Alarming.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“超加工食品”和“植物基肉类”进行了介绍和说明，通过列举数据和事实来阐述这些食品的优势和误解，旨在纠正公众对超加工食品的不准确认识，强调植物基食品的健康和环保价值。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“When margarine (人造黄油) was first sold in the 1800s, plentiful alarmist words were uttered about it. However, it was simply a cream of vegetable oil and water, a processed, more sustainable and healthier alternative to an animal product. Anxiety about new foods and how they are produced continue s today. Public discussions are full of concerns that “ultra-processed foods” or “UPFs” are downright unhealthy.(当人造黄油在19世纪首次销售时，关于它的危言耸听的言论不绝于耳。然而，它只是一种植物油和水的奶油，是一种加工过的、更可持续、更健康的动物产品替代品。对新食品及其生产方式的担忧今天仍在继续。公众讨论中充满了对“超加工食品”或“UPFs”完全不健康的担忧)”可知，在第一段中，作者提到人造黄油（margarine）在19世纪首次出售时引起了广泛的担忧，但后来被证明是更健康、更可持续的替代品。作者提到人造黄油是为了强调人们对于新食物的长期担忧，即人们对于新出现的食品总是持有一种警惕和担忧的态度，这种担忧可能会忽略新食物所带来的实际好处。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The term UPFs was first used in 2009 by Carlo s Monteiro, a nutritionist. In a 2017 paper, he said he was worried that the shared experience of cooking was being increasingly lost and people weren’t eating together. In particular, he was seeing rising rates of diabetes and obesity. Keen to identify the root cause of these issues, he focused on food not made at home, but in factories.(2009年，营养学家Carlo s Monteiro首次使用了UPFs这个术语。在2017年的一篇论文中，他说他担心烹饪的共同体验越来越少，人们不再一起吃饭。特别是，他看到糖尿病和肥胖症的发病率在上升。为了找出这些问题的根本原因，他关注的不是在家里制作的食品，而是在工厂生产的食品)”可知，Monteiro创建UPF分类的原因是出于对健康问题的关注。特别是，他看到糖尿病和肥胖率的上升，并热衷于找出这些问题的根源。因此，他专注于不在家里制作而是在工厂生产的食品。由此可知，他创建UPF分类的目的是为了发现一些日益严重的健康问题的原因。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Just like pork sausages and chicken popcorn, plant-based alternatives are made in factories, so are considered UPFs. But unlike those animal products, they don’t require antibiotics (抗生素) or hormones during production, require up to 96 percent less land, have carbon emissions up to 98 percent lower, need up to 99 percent less water and result in 100 percent fewer animals dying.(就像猪肉香肠和鸡肉爆米花一样，植物性替代品是在工厂生产的，所以被认为是UPFs。但与那些动物产品不同的是，它们在生产过程中不需要抗生素或激素，需要的土地减少96%，碳排放量减少98%，需要的水减少99%，动物死亡率减少100%)”可知，本段中提到的数字暗示了植物基肉类相比动物肉类更环保。具体来说，这些数字表明植物基肉类在生产过程中不需要抗生素或激素，所需土地减少了高达96%，碳排放降低了高达98%，所需水资源减少了高达99%，而且没有动物死亡。由此推知，这些数据表明，植物基肉类对环境的负担远小于动物肉类，因此更加环保。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“And side by side, they are almost always healthier than the over-processed animal meat products they replace, especially on fat and fibre content.(另一方面，它们几乎总是比它们所取代的过度加工的动物肉制品更健康，尤其是在脂肪和纤维含量方面)”以及最后一段“We are seeing history repeat itself, and a fear of new foods being aroused all over again. But the science is unmistakably clear: diets rich in plant-based options are better for both people and the planet, factory or no factory.(我们看到历史重演，对新食物的恐惧再次被唤起。但科学是明确无误的:富含植物性选择的饮食对人类和地球都更好，无论工厂与否)”可判断，作者认为，与过度加工的动物肉制品相比，植物基肉类实际上是更健康、更环保的选择。这些植物基产品并不包含像香肠等超加工食品中的添加剂、色素、防腐剂和盐等成分。由此推知，作者认为对植物基肉类的担忧是不必要的。故选A。
Passage 14
（23-24高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）From “gig-tripping” to “travel dupes” to “hush trips,” the number of new travel trends is seemingly endless. But perhaps the most appealing concept in the tourism space of late is the “sleepeation”. So much of travel these days seems to involve running ourselves ragged trying to hit every amazing attraction we see on TikTok and Instagram. Sleepcations, however, take the polar opposite approach to vacation.
According to Skyscanner’s 2024 travel trends report, nearly 50% of American travelers surveyed say they are more willing to take a vacation with the intention to get a good night or a few good nights of sleep now compared to a few years ago. The research also showed that sleeping topped the list of U. S. travelers’ main activities for their next vacation, outranking shopping, nightlife and wildlife spotting.
While some wellness resorts have been focusing on sleep for years, now more and more resorts and hotels, from luxury to lifestyle and even budget-friendly properties, are making sure that sleep is as the forefront of a stay. The Malibu Beach Inn in Southern California features two designated “sleep suites”, and the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai on Hawaii’s Big Island offers an 80-minute “sweet dreams” massage treatment meant to pro
