2025外研版高中英语必修第三册
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The gardener attempted to use a long (管子)to water the plants in the backyard.
2.(2021北京)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural (灾害)around the world, resulting in USD2,970 billion in economic loss.
3.She was completely unaware of the (台风)warnings until the storm hit her city.
4.Experts warned the residents that the volcano could e at any time.
Ⅱ.一词多义
A.adj.(用于数字后面表示)多,余 B.prep.加
C.n.优势,好处 D.conj.而且,此外
1.She has a great sense of humor, plus she's always ready to lend a helping hand.
2.One of the pluses of living in the country is the fresh air and beautiful scenery.
3.The meal cost 100 dollars, plus a tip for the waiter.
4.They have lived in that house for 30 years plus.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.(2024江西南昌期中)Just then he suddenly heard the (announce) from the broadcast that he won third prize.
2.With the wind picking up, the captain (immediate) ordered the sails to be lowered to ensure the safety of the ship.
3.Despite many dangers and challenges on the way up the mountain, the climbers finally made to the top of the mountain.
4.(易错题)(2020全国Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that (occur) billions of years ago.
Ⅳ.选词填空
look through; after all; a crowd of; step out of
On a sunny morning, I 1. my home to enjoy the sun. 2. people filled the park, all enjoying the warm weather. Suddenly, I spotted a wallet on the ground and quickly picked it up. I 3. the contents to find some information about its owner but didn't find any. I decided to wait until its owner returned. 4. , the owner must be very anxious.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.紧张地环顾四周,他试图在人群中找到一张熟悉的面孔。(非谓语动词作状语)
, he tried to find a familiar face in the crowd.(读后续写—动作描写)
2.她怀着沉重的心情告别了她的家乡。(with短语)
, she said goodbye to her hometown.(读后续写—心理描写)
3.想到能再次见到他,我既紧张又兴奋。(make+宾语+宾语补足语)
The thought of seeing him again .(读后续写—心理描写)
4.他突然想到,宽恕不仅仅是原谅别人,更是解放自己。(一句多译)
① forgiveness is not just about pardoning others, but also about freeing oneself.(occur)
② forgiveness is not just about pardoning others, but also about freeing oneself.(strike)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Today in London, the temperature is expected to reach 30 plus degrees, much 1 (high) than the usual high temperature of 22 degrees in July. The heat is particularly unbearable on the Central Line, 2 is one of the oldest and deepest lines, lacking any air conditioning.
Walking down the stairs and onto the platform 3 (feel) like jumping into a volcano. Inside the train, where temperatures hit 35 degrees, the heat makes me feel like I'm melting in a crowd of 4 (passenger). The sweltering conditions make me think about climate change and its increasing impact, 5 (include) necessary future adaptation like perhaps moving my office to a higher floor 6 (avoid) potential flooding or learning to swim.
News reports in my newspaper indicate that this isn't just 7 local issue—disasters related to extreme weather are happening 8 (global), caused by climate change. There 9 (be) destructive typhoons in Asia, heavy rain causing landslides in Eastern Europe, and the heat leading to forest fires in Southern Europe.
Arriving at my destination 10 stepping out, I feel less anxious, because a refreshing breeze relieves my concerns. Maybe the situation is not as bad as it feels inside the hot tube—after all, it is only a 30-degree day.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024江西新余一中开学考试)
In recent years, the world 1 (see) a number of natural disasters: hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U.S., earthquakes in Mexico, typhoons in the southeast of China and landslides in southern Asia. These 2 (event) brought damage to communities. They also brought questions about what we can do to prepare 3 (we) for similar events. The best thing to do when facing a coming natural disaster is to pay attention to your area's evacuation notices and take advantage of evacuation help. However, 4 is possible to be caught by an unexpected emergency. When 5 (face) with those situations, what should you do to stay safe How can you be better prepared Every family should have an emergency plan 6 addresses the most likely disasters in their area. Practical survival skills should also be part of every family's plan. These skills need to be learned and practiced before things get hard. This is because you 7 (simple) won't have time to read a survival book during 8 emergency. 9 (stay) calm is the most important thing a person can do during any emergency. A little fear is a natural and healthy response to a scary event. But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It is difficult to stay calm in 10 (frighten) situations, but it can be done.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2023重庆部分学校联考)
A young girl was rescued from the ruins of an apartment block in the southern Turkish city of Adiyaman on Monday, 178 hours after a terrible earthquake shook the area. The girl was six years old and rescuers were also close to reaching her older sister. It's one of several amazing rescues that are still taking place following an earthquake that killed more than 37,000 in Turkey and Syria last Monday.
Rescuer Aksoy told reporters he was searching through the ruins of the building when he heard a child's shout. He then asked for silence and later found where the girl was. The girl waved at him, told him her name and said that she was okay, Aksoy said.
One member of the rescuers said, “My colleague and I looked at each other as if to say ‘Did you hear that, too ’ We listened again. There was a very weak voice saying something like ‘I'm here.’ Then we shut everything down, including the machines, and started listening again. And there really was a voice coming from a small space next to a dishwasher.”
Health Ministry officials said the girl was in good condition but would be kept under observation. A 13-year-old boy was also rescued on Monday after being trapped for 182 hours. Footage from a news agency shows the teenager being rescued from a collapsed building in the southern Turkish province of Hatay. He held his rescuer's hand as he was put on a stretcher and taken to an ambulance.
UN aid deputy Martin Griffiths said during a visit to the disaster area in Syria on Monday that the rescue phase was “coming to an end”, with assistance next turning to shelter, food and clothing.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.The rescuers are taking care of the girl.
B.The rescuers saved the girl and her mother.
C.The rescuers have sent many people to hospital.
D.The girl's older sister may not have been rescued.
2.What did the members of the rescuers mainly describe
A.How they found the girl. B.When they got the girl out.
C.Why they shut everything down. D.What they did to save the girl's sister.
3.What do we know about the 13-year-old boy
A.He held the doctor's hand on a stretcher.
B.He was the six-year-old girl's elder brother.
C.He was trapped longer than the six-year-old girl.
D.He and the girl were trapped in the same place.
4.What's the next step of the rescue according to Martin Griffiths
A.Trying to save those trapped. B.Providing necessities for the survivors.
C.Digging out survivors and burying the dead. D.Offering earthquake knowledge to the survivors.
B
(2024山东德州市第二中学月考)
Tropical cyclones(热带气旋), including hurricanes and typhoons, are now moving at slower speed than they did decades ago, new research shows.
While having a cyclone travel with lower speed may seem like a good thing, it's actually just the opposite. Wind speeds within the storm remain high, but the whole system itself moves slower, allowing punishing rains to stay longer over communities. “Nothing good comes out of a slowing storm,” says James Kossin, author of the paper. “It can increase the amount of time buildings are exposed to strong winds. And it increases rainfall.”
In his paper, Kossin showed that from 1949 to 2016, tropical cyclones across the globe slowed their movement by 10 percent on average. In some regions, the speed of those storms slowed even more as they hit land. In the western North Pacific, the decrease was much more manifest—almost a third. That means a storm that may already hold more moisture(水分)will have time to drop more of it in each spot.
Kossin's work was based on details of almost 70 years' worth of storms, but he didn't try to determine what was causing the slowdown. Still, the change is exactly what he and other cyclone experts said, which would be expected from climate change. With the polar regions warming faster than other parts of the globe, that is changing the pressure and reducing the winds that push these storms.
Christina Patricola, a scientist, called Kossin's work important and new and said she found it reliable. “I was not surprised by his findings,” she says. “But I was surprised by the slowdown.”
Kossin hopes that scientists will begin building models that show which places are likely to face the most risk. Given that storms in some regions are moving towards polar regions and already increasing in intensity(强度), cyclones causing unusually powerful rain may threaten places not normally in their paths. Scientists must take action to make those places suffer less from the disasters.
5.Why is the decrease in cyclones' speed a bad thing
A.It leads the cyclones to move faster on the ground.
B.It causes the cyclones to have higher wind speed outside.
C.It makes hard rains and strong winds last longer in one place.
D.It results in more typhoons taking place in some communities.
6.What does the underlined word “manifest” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Obvious. B.Satisfying. C.Confusing. D.Impossible.
7.What does Paragraph 4 suggest
A.Climate change in the polar regions is under control.
B.Scientists find it hard to understand the slower cyclones.
C.Scientists should do further experiments in polar regions.
D.Climate change may be the cause of the slowdown in the cyclones.
8.Why does Kossin want scientists to build models in the last paragraph
A.To find out the normal paths of serious cyclones.
B.To prove the speed of the cyclones can be controlled.
C.To reduce the damage from cyclones to possible areas.
D.To call on scientists to focus on the danger of climate change.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.tube 2.disasters 3.typhoon 4.erupt
Ⅱ.1.D 句意:她很有幽默感,而且她总是乐于伸出援手。
2.C 句意:住在乡下的好处之一是新鲜的空气和美丽的风景。
3.B 句意:这顿饭花了100美元,外加给服务员的小费。
4.A 句意:他们已经在那所房子里住了三十多年了。
Ⅲ.1.announcement 考查名词。句意:就在那时,他突然听到广播里宣布他得了三等奖。本空作动词heard的宾语,且空前有定冠词the,故本空应用名词形式。故填announcement。
2.immediately 考查副词。句意:随着风力的增强,船长立即下令降帆,以确保船只的安全。本空修饰动词ordered,应用副词形式。故填immediately。
3.it 考查代词。句意:尽管在上山的路上有许多危险和挑战,登山者们最终还是成功到达了山顶。make it to意为“成功抵达;赶上”。
4.occurred 考查时态。句意:我们是进化的产物,而不仅仅是几十亿年前发生的进化。分析句子可知,本句为主从复合句,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词evolution,设空处为that从句的谓语,根据时间状语billions of years ago可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填occurred。
类比启发
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed变过去式。例如:stop→stopped;plan→planned;admit→admitted;regret→regretted;nod→nodded;chat→chatted;permit→permitted;prefer→preferred;refer→referred。
Ⅳ.1.stepped out of 2.A crowd of 3.looked through 4.After all
Ⅴ.1.Looking around nervously 2.With a heavy heart 3.made me nervous and excited 4.①It occurred to him that ②It struck him that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.higher 考查比较级。句意:今天,伦敦的气温预计将超过30度,比7月份通常的高温22度高得多。根据空后的than可知,本空应用比较级形式。故填higher。
2.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:中央线的高温尤其难以忍受,这是最古老、最深的线路之一,没有任何空调。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Central Line,本空在从句中作主语,指物,故应用关系代词which。
3.feels 考查时态及主谓一致。句意:走下楼梯上站台感觉就像跳进火山。根据上下文时态可知,本空应用一般现在时,且句子主语为动名词短语,表示单数意义,故本空应用第三人称单数形式feels。
4.passengers 考查名词复数。句意:在火车里,温度高达35度,高温让我感觉自己正在一群乘客中融化。根据空前a crowd of可知,本空应用名词复数形式。故填passengers。
5.including 考查介词。句意:酷热难耐的环境让我思考气候变化及其日益严重的影响,包括未来必要的适应措施,比如或许可以把我的办公室搬到更高的楼层,以避免潜在的洪水或学习游泳。根据句意可知,此处应填介词including,意为“包括”。including作介词一般用在逗号后面或者冒号的前面。
6.to avoid 考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。本空在句中作目的状语,应用不定式形式。故填to avoid。
7.a 考查冠词。句意:我的报纸中的新闻报道表明,这不仅仅是一个地方的问题——气候变化导致的与极端天气有关的灾难正在全球范围内发生。此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且local的发音以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a。
8.globally 考查副词。句意参考上题。本空修饰are happening,应用副词形式。故填globally。
9.are 考查时态及主谓一致。句意:亚洲有破坏性台风,东欧有暴雨导致山体滑坡,南欧有高温引发森林火灾。本句阐述客观事实,应用一般现在时。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由离其最近的主语决定,空后名词typhoons为复数形式,故本空应填are。
10.and 考查连词。句意:到达我的目的地,走出去,我感觉不那么焦虑了,因为一阵清爽的微风缓解了我的担忧。本空前后均为现在分词短语,两者之间为顺承关系,故本空应用连词and。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来世界各地发生的自然灾害,并指出这些事件给社区带来的破坏和引发的关于应急准备的疑问。
1.has seen 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:近年来,世界上发生了许多自然灾害:加勒比海地区和美国南部的飓风、墨西哥的地震、中国东南部的台风和南亚的山体滑坡。根据时间状语In recent years可知,本空应用现在完成时,主语the world为第三人称单数,故填has seen。
2.events 考查名词复数。句意:这些事件给社区带来了破坏。根据空前These可知,本空应用名词复数形式。故填events。
3.ourselves 考查反身代词。句意:它们也引发了关于我们能做什么来使自己为类似事件做好准备的疑问。prepare oneself for...意为“让自己为……做好准备”,故本空应用反身代词。故填ourselves。
4.it 考查it作形式主语。句意:然而,也有可能遇到意想不到的紧急情况。分析句子可知,此处应用it作形式主语,不定式“to be caught by...”作真正的主语。
5.faced 考查状语从句的省略。句意:当面对那些情况时,你应该做些什么来保持安全 此处为状语从句的省略,其完整形式为:When you are faced with those situations,此处省略了you are。故填过去分词faced。
6.which/that 考查定语从句。句意:每个家庭都应该有一个应急预案,以应对他们所在地区最可能发生的灾害。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为an emergency plan,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故此处应用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。
7.simply 考查副词。句意:这是因为你根本没有时间在紧急情况下阅读生存书籍。本空修饰动词,故应用副词simply作状语。
8.an 考查冠词。句意参考上题。空后名词emergency在此处为可数名词单数,此处表示泛指,且emergency的发音以元音音素开头,故本空应用不定冠词an。
9.Staying 考查非谓语动词。句意:在任何紧急情况下,保持冷静是一个人能做的最重要的事情。本空在句中作主语,表示一般行为,应用动名词形式。故填Staying。
10.frightening 考查形容词。句意:在可怕的情况下保持冷静是困难的,但这是可以做到的。设空处修饰名词situations,应用形容词形式,此处表示“令人恐惧的”,故填frightening。
【高频词汇】 1.take advantage of利用 2.survival skill生存技能 3.response n.反应 4.unchecked adj.不受限制的,不加约束的
【熟词生义】 address v.设法解决
【差距词汇】 evacuation n.疏散,撤离
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了土耳其地震中救援人员救出了六岁女孩的经过以及其他救援情况。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The girl was six years old and rescuers were also close to reaching her older sister.(这名女孩6岁,救援人员也即将找到她的姐姐)”可推知,女孩的姐姐可能还没有获救。故选D。
2.A 细节理解题。第三段提到,一名救援人员说:“我的同事和我面面相觑,好像在说‘你也听到了吗 ’我们又听了一遍,有一个非常微弱的声音在说‘我在这里。’然后我们关闭了所有设备,包括机器,重新开始监听,真的有声音从洗碗机旁边的一个小空间里传出来。”由此可知,救援人员主要描述了他们是如何找到那个女孩的。故选A。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A young girl was rescued...178 hours after a terrible earthquake shook the area.”及倒数第二段中“A 13-year-old boy was also rescued on Monday after being trapped for 182 hours.”可知,13岁的男孩被困的时间比6岁的女孩长。故选C。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段“UN aid deputy Martin Griffiths...with assistance next turning to shelter, food and clothing.(联合国救援代表Martin Griffiths周一在访问叙利亚灾区时表示,救援阶段‘即将结束’,接下来的援助将转向住所、食物和衣物)”可知,根据Martin Griffiths的说法,救援的下一步是为幸存者提供生活必需品。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.ruin n.废墟 2.in good condition状况良好 3.under observation在观察中 4.collapsed adj.坍塌的 5.come to an end结束 6.assistance n.帮助;援助
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现,相比几十年前,热带气旋,包括飓风和台风的移动速度都慢了许多。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wind speeds within the storm remain high, but the whole system itself moves slower, allowing punishing rains to stay longer over communities.”及“It can increase the amount of time buildings are exposed to strong winds. And it increases rainfall.”可知,气旋速度的降低是一件坏事是因为它使大雨和强风在一个地方持续更长时间。故选C。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据上文“In some regions, the speed of those storms slowed even more as they hit land.(在一些地区,那些暴风雨的速度在登陆时甚至更慢)”以及下文“almost a third(大约三分之一)”可知,在北太平洋西部,这种降低更为明显。故画线词的意思是“明显的”。故选A。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“With the polar regions warming faster than other parts of the globe, that is changing the pressure and reducing the winds that push these storms.”可知,极地地区变暖的速度比全球其他地区快,那正在改变气压,减少推动这些暴风雨的风。因此气候变化可能是气旋减速的原因。故选D。
8.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Kossin hopes that scientists will begin building models that show which places are likely to face the most risk.”以及“Scientists must take action to make those places suffer less from the disasters.”可知,建立模型的目的是减少气旋对可能地区的破坏。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.just the opposite恰恰相反 2.decrease n.减少 3.spot n.地点 4.be based on基于……;以……为基础 5.given that鉴于,考虑到 6.take action采取行动
长难句
原句1 Still, the change is exactly what he and other cyclone experts said, which would be expected from climate change.
分析 本句为主从复合句。what引导表语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the change。
译文 不过,这种变化正是他和其他气旋专家所说的,这正是气候变化的预期结果。
原句2 With the polar regions warming faster than other parts of the globe, that is changing the pressure and reducing the winds that push these storms.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“With the polar regions warming faster than other parts of the globe”为with的复合结构,现在分词短语“warming faster than other parts of the globe”作宾语补足语;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词winds。
译文 由于极地地区的变暖速度快于全球其他地区,那正在改变气压,减少推动这些暴风雨的风。
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