沪教版七上Unit4 The Earth知识清单
一．重点词汇背默
n.系统
2. n.档案
3. adj. 令人大为惊奇的
4. n.行星
5.* num.十亿
6. v.盖；覆盖
7. n.地区；地域
8. adj. 极冷的
9. n.北；北方
10. n.(行星的)极；地极
11. n.沙漠；荒漠
12. n.米
13. v.足够达到
14.* n.谷粒
15. adj.宽的；宽阔的
16. n.鲸
17. n.蝴蝶
18. v.提供；供应
19. v.探索
20. v.消失；不见
21. n.塑料
22. n.污染
23. v.保护
24.* n.化学制品；化学品
25. n.地下水
26. v.燃烧；烧
27. n.石油；原油
28. n.天然气
29. adj.有害的
30. n.网站
31. adj.自己的；本人的
32. n.皇帝
33. v.打猎
34. n.战争
35. n.沙暴
36. n.解决办法
37. v.刮；吹
38. n.(统称)一代人
巩固练习1.单词拼写）
1.The boy used a control to drive the toy car. How a____________!
2.In some poor a____________, students go to school on foot every day.
3.Some animals are in danger and we should p____________ them.
4.The hotel p____________ a shoe-cleaning service for guests.
5.Water p____________ is a big problem. It’s dangerous for our drinking water.
6.Do you think b____________ is a type of insect
7.He is one m____________ and eighty in height.
8.The men lost their way in a s____________.
9.There’s no simple s____________ to this problem.
10.As soon as we arrived on the island, we couldn’t wait to e____________.
二．重点词汇拓展
1.amazing adj.令人惊奇的,令人惊喜的→ adj吃惊的,惊奇的
2.north adj.北的,朝北的 n.北方;北 北方的;北部的→ …的北方
3.wide adj.宽阔的 广泛地
4.protect v.保护→ .保护……免受……
5.appear v.出现 消失 出现 消失
6.centre n.中心,中央 中心的;中央的 → 在……中心
7.chemistry n.化学 化学的
8.own adj.自己的 v.拥有 物主;主人→ …的主人→ 某人自己的……
9.blow v.吹;刮风;吹气 → 吹灭
10.stop v.停,停止,阻止 n.车站→ 停下来去做某事→ 停止做某事→ .阻止某人做某事→ 公共汽车站
11.harm n\v.伤害 adj.有害的→ 对....有害
巩固练习2、用单词的适当形式填空
1．The e is a beautiful place. We should protect it.
2．The country p food for the hungry children.
3．It is important for us to p the Earth for our future.
4．It’s very useful for us (learn) English well.
5．Wearing thick clothes is a good way to protect you from the weather. (freeze)
6．I felt when I saw her great changes. (amaze)
7．The girl sings so well. It’s (amaze).
8．This is the best to the problem. Don’t you think so (solve)
9．Smoking is very (harm) to our health.
10．The Moon is around 380,000 from the Earth.（metre）
11．The black car drove away and in the darkness. (appear)
12．Helen had a dream to walk to the North P alone when she was forty.
13．These flowers are very beautiful. They attract many (butterfly).
14．By using a fact f , we can organize our ideas.
15．The fire (燃烧) the house last night.
三.重点短语背默
1. 太阳系
2. 事档案
3. 被...覆盖
4. 据我们所知
5. 水平面
6. 更重要的是
7. 供；供应；给予
8. 塑塑料污染
9. 砍倒
10. 数以百计
11. 吹走
12. 在许多不同方面
13. 有..高
14. 像...一样...
15. 一粒米
16. 是...的家园
17. 大量；无数
18. 注意
19. 任何其他的东西
20. 面对面
21. 越来越少
22. 越来越少
23. 越来越多
24. 砍伐
25. 每年
26. 农用化学品
27. 有害气体
28. 把...变成...
29. 在……的北部
30. 数以百计的
31. 在19世纪
32. 一队；一群...
33. 在...中间
34. 植树
35. 人造森林。
36. 抵达
37. 吹走
38. 幸亏
39. 想岀
40. 发现
巩固练习3.完成句子
1. 昨天强风把我的伞吹走了。
The strong wind ____________ ____________ my umbrella yesterday.
2. 他们可以给我们提供鸡蛋和鸡肉。
They can ____________ us ____________ eggs and meat.
3. 数以百计的老师参加了这次会议。
There were ____________ ____________ teachers attending this meeting.
4. 据我们所知，地球是唯一有生命的行星。
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________, the earth is the only planet with life on it.
5. 狗通常都对主人很忠诚。更重要的是，他们会保护主人。
Dogs are usually very faithful to its owner. ____________ ____________, they can protect their owners.
课文语法填空
用所给单词的适当形式填空，未提供单词的根据上下文填入一个适当的单词。
The Earth is a wonderful place. About 70% of the Earth 61 (be) covered (覆盖) by water. Under the water, it’s 62 amazing world. You can see a lot of sea animals 63 whales, dolphins and sharks. Whales are the largest animals on Earth. Dolphins are one of the cleverest animals. Sharks are very 64 (danger).
The ocean gives us wonderful 65 (plant) and animals to enjoy. It gives us food 66 (eat) and oil to burn. The ocean is very important to all animals 67 Earth, 68 we human beings are doing something bad to it. We put our rubbish into the sea. This 69 (pollute) water. We must do something to keep sea water clean and stop 70 (throw) a lot of rubbish into it. It’s our duty to make a better sea world.
语法:名词
定义理解：表示人物/事物「sb、sth」的名称
具体分类：专有名词：特殊的sb/sth「大写」
普通名词：普通的sb/sth
可数名词：【考点】— 变化规则 表达
不可数名词：【考点】— 类别 表达
物质名词、抽象名词
可数名词：单数「a，an，the，one」复数：「变形」
规则变化：
普通情况 ：+
特殊情况：【X、S、Ch、Sh】+ 【学生超帅有意思】
辅音+y：把
元音（ａ、e、i、o、u、）+y：+s → boys
以o结尾【有命】：+ ；【无命】+
以f/fe结尾的： 「刀狼的妻子叫叶子是小偷躲架后」
→ knife；wolf；wife；leaf；thief ；shelf → f/fe变成ves
不规则变化：
元音a变成e：例如man、woman：policemen、policewomen
「注意：German德国人；Roman罗马人；human人类；→ →复数 」
元音oo变ee：例如tooth；foot；goose鹅
英法联军a变e；中日两国不用变，其他国人+s：英国人（English），法国人（French）
Englishman；Frenchman；Chinese；Japanese；Americans；Australians
全变：child → children；mouse → mice【老鼠】
复合名词：boy/girl student 【复数：boy/girl students，只变后面】
man/woman teacher【复数：men/women teachers，前后都要变】
单复同形：fish；deer；sheep、Chinese、Japanese
形单意复：people人们；family家人；class班级（集体名词）
形复意单：maths数学；politics政治【学科—V单数】
●不可数名词：
分类：液体类，金属类，时间类，路程类，肉类，......
如何表达？ ① 具体量化（词组：a cup of water）② 笼统说法（much,little...）
常见的不可数n: bread面包，news新闻，weather天气，music音乐，advice建议，
courage勇气，information信息，progress进步，paper纸张，meat肉...
●名词所有格：“....的”→ 名词单数's 名词复数' ......of.... ....to...
This is Jane and Mary's room. 【 ，后面 's】
This are Jane's and Mary's rooms.【 ，各自 's】
★ 西方节日不加the，中国传统节日加the
【母亲/父亲节：Mother's day / Father's day】【 Teachers' day 教师节，Children's day 儿童节】
【部分用to情况】：
the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案
the ticket to ....门票 the entrance to ....入口
一.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. These are my （brother）.They are in No.11 Middle School.
2. —Are （that）your parents —Yes, they are.
3. —Who's that？（电话中）— （these）is Jack speaking.
4. Here are three （photo）of my family.They are beautiful.
5. Those are my （friend）. They are friendly to me.
二.单项填空
6. —Hi, Mom. Where is my —Oh, it is in your room.
A. schoolbags B. a schoolbag C. schoolbag
7. This my uncle and those _______ my grandparents.
A. is；are B. are；is C. are；are D. is；is
8. —Are your friends —Yes, _______are.
A. these；these B. these；they C. this；they D. those；these
9. There are three in her family. She loves the children.
A. son B. daughters C. parents D. photo
10. Here a photo of my family. There _______two photos of your family on the desk.
A. is；is B. are；is C. are；are D. is；are
三.句型转换
11. Is that a jacket （改为复数句）
Are
12. Are these clever dogs （做否定回答）
.
13. This is my father. This is my mother.（合并一句）
.
14. That is a family photo.（改为复数句）
.
15. This is a goose.（改为复数句）
.
There be句型
一、基本用法
1.There be句型主要用来表达“某地或某时有某人或某物”，其基本句型为“ There be+某物/某人+某地某时”，其中 there没有实际意义；be是谓语动词；“某人或某物”做句子的主语；“某地或某时”做句子的状语，一般是介词短语。
There is a football under the chair.椅子下面有个足球。
2.There be句型中的be动词在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或可数名词单数时用is，是复数时用are。
There is a flower in the bottle.瓶子里有一朵花。
There are some books in the backpack.背包里有些书。
3.There be句型的否定结构在is/are后面加not，一般疑问句把is或are放在there之前，肯定回答“Yes, there is/are.”，否定回答“No,there isn't/aren't.”。如果肯定句中有some，否定句和疑问句一般要改成any。
There aren't any children on the playground.操场上没有一些孩子。
—Is there a bank near here？在这附近有银行吗？
—Yes,there is.是的，有。/No,there isn't.不，没有。
There are some children in the picture.照片里有一些孩子。
There aren't any children in the picture.照片里没有一些孩子。
二、特殊用法
1.若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be动词要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。（就近原则）
There is a boy,a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。
There are ten students and a teacher in the office.办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。
2.“There be+名词或代词+动词-ing形式”意思是“有某人或某物正在做……”。
There are some teachers playing basketball on the playground.有些老师正在操场上打篮球。
3.There be句型的一般将来时的肯定结构为“There will be+名词+其他成分.”或“There is going to be+名词+其他成分.”，意为“将要有……或“将举行……”。（注意：不论be后的名词是单数还是复数，be不能写成is/are）
There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.明天上午有个会议。
三、难点突破
There be句型与 have/has都可以意为“有”，但它们的含义不同。There be句型表示的是“存在关系”，而 have/has表示的却是“所有关系”，have/has的主语一般是人，有时也可以是物。
There is a car in front of the school gate.学校门前有辆小汽车。（强调车在门前）
I have a car.我有一辆小汽车。（强调车归我所有）
注意（1）如果这两个表示“有”的句型中含有some，改为否定句或疑问句时some要改为any。
There is some water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。
→ There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
（2）表示“构成”关系时，have/has与 There be结构常常表示相同的意思，可以进行同义句转换。
A week has seven days.
=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。
单项填空
1.Let's save pandas！There only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now.
A.am B.is C.are
2.There a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month.
A.is going to have B.will have C.is D.is going to be
3.Look！There a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper！
A.is B.are C.have D.has
4.—Is there any outdoor learning in your school？
— .We learn outdoors once or twice every month.
A.Yes,there is B.No,there isn't
C.Yes,it is D.No,it isn't
5.— here anything new in today's Qianzhong Morning Daily？
—No.But there______ some inspiring stories worth reading.
A.Is；is B.Are；are C.Is；are D.Are；is
6.There an NBA match on TV this weekend.
A.will play B.is going to be C.will have D.is going to have
7.There an amusement park near my home. I often see children play there.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
8.There some students on the playground.
A.is B.have C.has D.have
9.—What's in the picture？—There a teacher and some student playing games on the playground.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
10.—There are some boys basketball over there.—Let's go and join them.
A.are playing B.playing C.to play
句型转换
11.There are some pictures on the wall.（改为否定句）
There pictures on the wall.
12.There is some water in the bottle.（改为一般疑问句）
water in the bottle？
13.Are there any chairs near the window？（做肯定回答）
.
14.There are two bikes under the tree.（对画线部分提问）
are there under the tree？
15.There is a little orange juice in the bottle.（对画线部分提问）
orange juice there in the bottle？
课后练习
一、单项选择
1．Summer is coming. It is getting ________.
A．hot and hot B．hotter and hotter
C．more and more hot D．more hot and more hot
2．It is very important for us ________ part in some activities at school.
A．taking B．took C．take D．to take
3．Forests are important, they provide us ________ a lot of things.
A．of B．to C．with D．for
4．According to the report, ______ people lose their lives every year because of the accidents.
A．thousands of B．thousand of C．three thousands D．three hundred of
5．________, the man is a doctor.
A．As long as B．As far as C．As far as I know
6．Because people ________ trees, many animals have nowhere to live.
A．cut in B．cut off C．cut out D．cut down
7．The spaceship will be as ________ as a city in the future, and each ship will carry over 1,000,000 people.
A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．the biggest
8．Please stop _________ the earth.
A．pollute B．to pollute C．polluting D．to polluting
9．The Greens ________ Shanghai yesterday evening.
A．arrived at B．arrived in C．got D．reached at
10．Hunters hunt tigers ________ their fur ________ make clothes.
A．to; to B．for; to C．to; for D．for; for
11．—There _______ a lot of plastic bags on the beach.
—That’s why there _______ a lot of white pollution in this city.
A．are; is B．are; are C．is; are
12．We should protect the water, because we can’t live without it.
A．make…beautiful B．make…good C．make…safe
13．A: The smoke pollutes the air. B: How terrible it is!
A．makes ... clean B．makes ... sad C．makes ... dirty
14．—Can you believe it Over 1,480,000 people attended the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games as volunteers (志愿者).
—That’s amazing! People worked together to make the games great and wonderful.
A．Fewer than B．More than C．Close to
15．—What do you think of our hotel
—Very great. Thanks for providing us with a new experience(体验).
A．giving us B．asking us C．buying us
二、语法选择
Dear Museum Scientists,
My name is Yang Jingjing. 1 live by the sea, near a mangrove swamp (红树林沼泽地).
My mom is 2 tour guide. She knows a lot about the mangrove swamp. She loves 3 people the beautiful animals that live there. I am writing to you 4 I'm worried about what is happening near my home. The mangroves are home to many 5 such as birds, butterflies and snakes. Down in the water under the trees are homes of fish and shrimp. The mangroves also protect us 6 wind, waves and floods (浪潮与水灾).
However, in the past few years, things 7 greatly. These changes bring lots of worries to more and more people. New neighborhoods (社区) 8 last year and the year before. It turned the place with mangroves into stores, houses, cinemas, restaurants and car parks. What is even 9 , all these things are still going on! What will happen to the animals that live in the mangroves I don't know 10 . How I wish we can find a way to live together with the mangroves and animals!
Sincerely yours,
Yang Jingjing
1.A.My B.Mine C.I D.Me
2.A.a B.an C.the D./
3.A.show B.to show C.give D.to give
4.A.although B.before C.because D.unless
5.A.plant B.plants C.animal D.animals
6.A.from B.with C.about D.for
7.A.has changed B.have changed C.is changing D.are changing
8.A.build B.are built C.built D.were built
9.A.bad B.worse C.good D.better
10.A.what we can do B.what can we do C.how we can do D.how can we do
三、完形填空
Fiji is a small island country in the Pacific Ocean. Now people in Fiji face a big 31 . The sea level 32 and the sea water flows (流动) into people’s homes and gardens because of the climate change (气候变化). So they can’t grow anything and have to move 33 .
Some people are 34 to leave their village, but some older people don’t like it. They want to 35 because they hope to live in the village all their lives.
In 2014, one village moved from the seaside to a 36 place on the island. It was the first time that people had left their homes 37 sea levels rise. But some of them still come back to 38 old village almost every day.
Now more and more people in Fiji have to leave their village and 39 new homes in other places. They hope to get 40 from the government to adapt to (适应) new environments.
31．A．difficulty B．problem C．hope D．result
32．A．goes up B．comes down C．stands up D．breaks down
33．A．onto B．off C．away D．into
34．A．happy B．sorry C．dangerous D．beautiful
35．A．work B．play C．start D．stay
36．A．bigger B．higher C．smaller D．further
37．A．because B．so C．but D．and
38．A．his B．your C．their D．our
39．A．change B．build C．save D．buy
40．A．surprise B．information C．wish D．help
四、阅读理解
A
There are many stories and poems about the Moon in Chinese history. And nowadays scientists send spaceships to the Moon. Why Because people are always interested in the Moon and want to know more about it. Here is some information (信息) about it. Let’s see it together.
The Moon looks beautiful and bright at night. It is far away from the Earth and if you want to get to the Moon, it will take you about 6 months to get there by car at 95km per hour.
There is no gravity on the Moon, so people can enjoy floating there. If you weigh (有……重) 68kg on Earth, you will weigh only 11kg on the Moon.
There are many interesting places such as craters (陨石坑), mountains, and lava plains (熔岩平原) on the Moon. There is no air on the Moon, so people can’t breathe on it.
On Earth, the day is usually warm and the night is cool. And there are four different seasons in a year. But on the Moon, the temperature is very high during the day and very low at night. And a foil day on the Moon, from the sunrise to the next, lasts about 29.5 Earth days on average (平均).
The Moon doesn’t have its own light. It looks bright because it can reflect (反射) light from the Sun. When the Moon moves around the Earth, it gets different light from the Sun. So we find its size often changes.
11．Why are there many stories and poems about the Moon according to the passage
A．Because it is a symbol (象征) of beauty.
B．Because people in the past loved it.
C．Because people have an interest in it and want to know more-about it.
D．Because people want to live there.
12．If you are 45kg on Earth, how much will you weigh on the Moon
A．Less than 5kg. B．About 7kg. C．9kg. D．Over 10kg.
13．What can we know about the Moon
A．People can go to the Moon by car now. B．People can live on it easily.
C．There are four seasons on it.
D．If you stay on the Moon for two days, you will spend about fifty-nine days on Earth.
14．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．The Moon. B．The Earth. C．The Sun. D．The light.
15．Why does the writer write the passage
A．To tell us the way to the Moon. B．To show us some facts about the Moon.
C．To tell us the differences between the Earth and the Moon.
D．To tell us some interesting stories about the Moon.
B
The Earth is a beautiful place. It provides us with food, water, air and the place to live. But we humans (人类) are slowly destroying (破坏) it.
Humans have destroyed one tenth of the Earth’s forests in the last 25 years according to a new study. Humans have been cutting down trees for different reasons (原因), such as building houses or farming. These forests clean the air and provide rain for the world. If we don’t stop cutting down them, all the forests on the Earth will be destroyed badly in less than 100 years.
Also, we are putting our rubbish into rivers and lakes. Some of the rubbish is bad for plants and animals in the water. Factories pour their dirty water into the rivers before it is cleaned. As a result, there is less and less clean water for people to drink.
What’s worse, a lot of animals are killed by humans. Some people kill them for food or clothes. Others hunt them for money. Many animals lose their homes because of human activities. Since humans came to the Earth,1,000 species (物种) have gone. Nearly 20,000 plants and animals are in danger of dying out.
Today our Earth is in great danger. So it is time that we humans should realize our mistakes (错误) and do some things to protect the Earth.
46．What do Paragraphs 2—4 mainly talk about
A．When humans began to destroy the Earth. B．How humans are destroying the Earth.
C．What humans can do to protect the Earth. D．What the Earth will be like in the future.
47．Which reason for hunting animals is NOT mentioned
A．To eat their meat. B．To make clothes.
C．To sell them for money. D．To show hunters are good at hunting.
48．What does the underlined word “realize” mean
A．know B．throw C．practice D．plan
49．What will the writer talk about following the last paragraph
A．Where we humans can go if we leave the Earth. B．Why we humans need to protect the Earth.
C．How we humans live a healthier life. D．What we humans can do to protect the Earth.
50．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage
A．History and culture. B．Life and science.
C．Humans and environment. D．Food and health.
C
World Health Day World Health Day is on the seventh of April every year. Do you want to know how to be healthy We need to have good eating habits. Food in colors like red, green, orange, yellow and purple is good for us. We also need to do sports. And being happy can make us healthy, too. World Earth Day World Earth Day is on April 22nd, which is to call for people to protect the environment (保护环境). On that day, millions of people do something good for the earth. Some clean up beaches and water, some Day pick up rubbish (捡垃圾). But can we save the earth only by one 22nd April day’s work World Sleep Day On March 21st, it is the World Sleep Day, which reminds (提醒) people of the importance of getting enough sleep. Healthy lifestyle is the only way to help us to live a better life, so we need to plan your bedtime. Students should sleep about 8 hours a day. Drinking some milk is good for your sleep.
21．In which section of the newspaper can we read the news
A．SPORTS. B．HI FOOD． C．ENVIRONMENT. D．THE WORLD．
22．To keep healthy, good habits are mentioned (提及) except ________.
A．eating well B．keeping clean C．doing sports D．being happy
23．On World Earth Day, people ________.
A．eat colorful food B．clean up beaches and water
C．make the rubbish D．save the animals
24．It is good for students to sleep about ________ a week.
A．8 hours B．24 hours C．56 hours D．72 hours
25．Those DAYS are reported to ________.
A．tell some stories B．remind people of their importance
C．discuss some problems D．introduce the healthy lifestyle
D阅读还原
Sarah is a junior high school student in England. She is in Grade Seven. This term she studies a new subject—biology. 51 She knows that plants help people a lot in class. But every year, people cut down lots of trees. She wants to do something. 52 It is Project Green.
Now there are only 4 students in the club. 53 They meet every Saturday morning and go to plant trees in the parks. They know planting trees is a good way to help the environment (环境). 54
Ms Lee, the head teacher, is very happy when she hears about what they are doing. She meets Sarah and gives her some good ideas. 55 “It’s what I want too,” Sarah thanks Ms Lee and says.
A．Ms Lee says she hopes more students will join the club.
B．She learns about plants in the biology class.
C．They plant trees every week.
D．Sarah enjoys reading books with her friends.
E．And it is fun for them to make new friends in the parks.
F．So she sets up (建立) a club at her school.
五、语法填空 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
The earth is a beautiful place. There are forests and 36 (river), mountains and fields. Some places are very hot, and some are very cold. There 37 (be) many different plants. Some are large. Some are small. All plants need light 38 water. There are different animals on Earth too. Some live on the land. Some fly 39 the sky. Some live under the water. There are also many people like you and me on Earth. The Earth provides us 40 air, water and food. 41 is our home. Today, there is a lot of pollution. We burn things to make energy. This 42 (pollute) the air. We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground. This pollutes 43 Earth and kills animals and plants. We must stop 44 (do) these things. It is important for us 45 (protect) the Earth for our future.
六、书面表达（15分）
46．我们只有一个地球，作为中学生，我们应该为保护地球做一份贡献。请根据下面的图画提示，以“Let’s protect the Earth”为题，写一篇短文。
参考词汇：reduce减少；dustbin垃圾箱；recycle回收利用
要求：
1. 70词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使条理清楚、行文连贯；
4. 标点正确，书面整洁。
Let’s protect the Earth
We have only one Earth. We can’t live without the Earth.
