2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）
第01辑：2024年期末考试暑假专辑
专题03 阅读理解说明文
（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期终20篇）解析版
目录
技能专区 1
真题专区 1
模拟专区 7
技能专区：
冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）
（介词短语）（名词短语）。
真题专区：
练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
01 2024新高考I卷
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗 )”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
02-2024新高考II卷
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
29. What information does the convenient app offer
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
31. What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
03-2024全国甲卷
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains
A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply
A. About a year. B. About ten months.
C. About two months. D. About two weeks.
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。
29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。
31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
模拟专区：
做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（23-24高二下·江苏淮安·期末）Some people prefer paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option
Whether it’s better to read books in print or on a device is complicated, because of the complex interaction of the resources involved across the entire lifecycle of a published work: how books and devices are shipped, what energy they use to run, if they can be recycled.
On the one side, traditional print publishing comes with a high carbon footprint. According to 2023 data, 32 million trees are cut down each year to make paper for books. Then there’s the energy-intensive processes of printing and shipping—to say nothing of the many books that are destroyed because they remain unsold. Although it’s standard practice in the industry, publishers don’t want to destroy books. So instead, many are donating unsold copies, switching to on-demand printing. Publishers are also rethinking book design, since certain fonts (字体) can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper.
On the other hand, digital reading seems to have a considerable eco-advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and shipping. Moreover, tech companies that make e-readers such as Amazon offer recycling programs for old devices. But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint, especially at the manufacturing stage. Their cases are made with plastics and the minerals in their batteries require resource-heavy mining.
Figuring out whether to take a digital device or a paperback to the beach ultimately depends on how much you read.“ If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do,” said Mike Berners-Lee, the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything. “But if I buy it, read a couple of books, and decide that I prefer paperback books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.”
Yet Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, a pretty sustainable activity——regardless of whether you read using an e-reader, phone or old-fashioned paperback.
1．Why is it hard to tell if print or digital books are more eco-friendly
A．The whole processes for both involve many resources.
B．The option depends on the reader’s personal preferences.
C．Recycling programs are not equally effective for both types.
D．The environmental impact of reading habits is often overlooked.
2．What are book publishers doing to reduce the environmental impact
A．Cutting down fewer trees.
B．Destroying the unsold books.
C．Employing eco-friendly practices.
D．Focusing on the sales of digital books.
3．According to Berners-Lee, an e-reader is more sustainable than paperbacks when .
A．an e-reader is shared by many people
B．you charge it using renewable energy
C．an e-reader is recycled after being used
D．you read a high volume of books digitally
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Print books vs. e-readers: which is your favorite
B．Paper books vs. e-readers: which is better for the climate
C．Choose digital reading, for it reduces more carbon footprint
D．Keep the balance of convenience and sustainability in reading
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】文章的体裁为说明文，通过对纸质书和电子书对环境影响的比较，介绍了它们各自的优缺点以及相关行业和个人在减少环境影响方面所采取的措施。
1．推理判断题。根据第一第二段“Some people prefer paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option Whether it’s better to read books in print or on a device is complicated, because of the complex interaction of the resources involved across the entire lifecycle of a published work: how books and devices are shipped, what energy they use to run, if they can be recycled.(有些人喜欢平装书，因为它们容易借阅和分享。另一些人会选择电子阅读器。但哪种选项在环保方面更可持续？ 究竟是在纸质书上阅读还是在设备上阅读更好，这是一个复杂的问题，因为涉及到整个出版作品生命周期中涉及的资源的复杂互动：书籍和设备是如何运输的，运行所需的能源是多少，它们是否可以回收利用)”可知，打印书籍和数字书籍都涉及许多资源，包括制作、印刷、运输等环节，因此确定哪种更环保较为困难。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Although it’s standard practice in the industry, publishers don’t want to destroy books. So instead, many are donating unsold copies, switching to on-demand printing. Publishers are also rethinking book design, since certain fonts (字体) can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper.(尽管这在行业内是标准做法，但出版商并不希望销毁图书。因此，很多出版商选择将未售出的图书捐赠出去，并转向按需印刷。出版商也在重新考虑图书设计，因为某些字体可以更环保，使用更少的墨水和纸张) ”可知，出版商正在采取环保实践，包括捐出旧书、采用更环保的设计以及转向按需印刷等方法来降低环境影响。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Figuring out whether to take a digital device or a paperback to the beach ultimately depends on how much you read.“ If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do,” said Mike Berners-Lee, the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything.(在决定是带数字设备还是纸质书去海滩时，最终取决于你的阅读量。“如果你购买了电子阅读器，并且在上面读了很多书，那么这是最低碳排放的选择，”《一切碳足迹》的作者迈克 伯纳斯-李说道) ”可知，Berners-Lee的观点是如果你在电子阅读器上阅读大量书籍，那么电子阅读器是更可持续的选择。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some people prefer paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option ( 有些人喜欢平装书，因为它们方便借阅和共享。其他人会选择电子阅读器。但哪种选项更环保可持续呢) ”可知，文本主要论述纸质书与电子阅读器对气候影响的比较，“纸质书与电子阅读器：哪个对气候更好？”这个标题最合适。故选B项。
（23-24高二下·浙江台州·期末）Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions — or inaction — will change our planet over the coming decades and centuries. But because the planet is such a complex system, they aren’t perfect climate models have uncertainties that grow larger as they go farther into the future. Scientists and engineers from across the country are teaming up to build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions.
Current climate modeling relies on dividing up the globe into a grid (格子) and then computing what is going on in each sector of the grid, as well a show the sectors interact with each other. Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometers per side. But for climate modeling, the devil is in the details — details that get missed in a too-large grid. “For cities planning their stormwater management facilities to resist the next 100 years’ worth of floods, this is a serious issue. Concrete answers about the likely range of climate outcomes are key for planning.” says Tapio Schneider, senior research scientist at CliMA．
Weighing recent advances in the computational and data sciences, the team plans to step incandesce of the partners brings a different strength and research expertise to the project. “Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover, sea ice extent, and rainfall more accurately—with uncertainties at least half the size of those in existing models.” said Dr. Andrew, the team leader.
One doubter about the application of climate models is Raffaele Ferrari, a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT. “Using a model, we become puppeteers, masters of a giant system that is, in truth, beyond human control. We can cool or heat the planet at will, add salt or ice or rain or dust in any amount we want,” Dr. Ferrari says. “We have no backup planet. How climate models are used remains to be seen.”
5．Why are climate models built
A．To collect scientific data. B．To monitor human actions.
C．To deliver useful forecasts. D．To maintain social systems.
6．What is the problem of current climate modeling
A．Shortage of facilities. B．Reliance on computers.
C．Inability to get smaller grids. D．Limitation in simplifying details.
7．What does the team aim to do
A．Investigate serious issues. B．Guarantee the safety of the city.
C．Change the future climate. D．Improve the accuracy of the models.
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Climate models enjoys great popularity.
B．Scientists have created a new climate model.
C．Doubts about climate models are disappearing.
D．Caution is advised in the use of climate models.
【答案】5．C 6．C 7．D 8．D
【导语】本文是说明文。本文围绕气候模型的主题，解释了其工作原理、存在的局限性，以及科学家们如何努力改进气候模型以提高预测的准确性和实用性。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions—or inaction—will change our planet over the coming decades and centuries.(气候模型可以让我们预览人类的行为——或不作为——将如何在未来几十年和几个世纪改变我们的星球)”以及“Scientists and engineers from across the country are teaming up to build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions.(来自全国各地的科学家和工程师正在合作建立一种新型的气候模型，旨在提供更精确和可操作的预测)”可知，建立气候模型是为了提供有用的预测。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Current climate modeling relies on dividing up the globe into a grid (格子) and then computing what is going on in each sector of the grid, as well a show the sectors interact with each other. Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometers per side. But for climate modeling, the devil is in the details—details that get missed in a too-large grid.(目前的气候模型依赖于将全球划分成一个网格，然后计算网格中每个区域的情况，以及显示区域之间的相互作用。可用计算机处理能力的限制意味着这些扇区通常不能小于每边几十公里。但对于气候模型来说，关键在于细节——那些在太大的网格中被遗漏的细节)”可知，当前气候模型的问题是无法得到更小的网格。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Weighing recent advances in the computational and data sciences, the team plans to step incandesce of the partners brings a different strength and research expertise to the project. “Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover, sea ice extent, and rainfall more accurately—with uncertainties at least half the size of those in existing models.” said Dr. Andrew, the team leader.(考虑到计算和数据科学的最新进展，该团队计划进行深入研究。每个合作伙伴都为该项目带来了不同的优势和研究专长。“我们的目标是创建一个新模型，能够更准确地预测云量、海冰范围和降雨量等关键变量的未来变化，而且不确定性至少比现有模型中的小一半。”团队负责人安德鲁博士说)”可知，团队的目标是提高模型的准确性。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One doubter about the application of climate models is Raffaele Ferrari, a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT. “Using a model, we become puppeteers, masters of a giant system that is, in truth, beyond human control. We can cool or heat the planet at will, add salt or ice or rain or dust in any amount we want,” Dr. Ferrari says. “We have no backup planet. How climate models are used remains to be seen.”(麻省理工学院海洋学Cecil和Ida Green教授 Raffaele Ferrari对气候模型的应用持怀疑态度。“通过模型，我们成为了操纵木偶的大师，成为了一个巨大系统的主人，而这个系统实际上超出了人类的控制。我们可以随意冷却或加热地球，可以随意添加我们想要的盐、冰、雨或灰尘，”Ferrari博士说。“我们没有备用星球。如何使用气候模型还有待观察。”)”可知，Ferrari警告人们如何使用气候模型还有待观察，所以在使用气候模型时应谨慎。故选D项。
（23-24高二下·浙江绍兴·期末） In 2017, Ellic Highwood, the professor of climate physics at the University of Reading, posted a photograph on Twitter of a “global warming blanket” she had crocheted (用钩针编织), in which rows of colour represented average global temperature changes across time. She had no idea that a graphic version later created by a colleague would become a global symbol of climate change.She had no idea that a graphic version later created by a colleague would become a global symbol of climate change.
Unlike traditional data visualisations, the blanket’s pattern only features colors — and seems to be a barcode more than a normal graph. When Ed Hawkins, climate scientist and professor at the same university, saw the warming stripes and witnessed people’s reactions, he thought they would be a good way to visualise the data from climate change online. He reduced the range of colors to tones of blues and reds, universally associated in weather maps with temperature.
A year later, Hawkins tested the design at the Hay Festival in the UK. After a positive reception, he embarked on a mission to make the warming stripes widely accessible and launched a website. Within a week, the site had more than one million downloads from across 180 countries.
Meteorologist (气象学家) Bernadette Woods Placky first saw the stripes on Facebook in 2018. When a weather presenter printed the design on a tie to wear on TV, and asked if anybody else wanted to join, Bernadette saw an opportunity for the community to collaborate. They partnered with Hawkins, universities, the World Meteorological Organization, and others, and had a WhatsApp group with TV weather presenters from more than 100 countries.
The “warming stripes” image has been embraced by activists globally. The stripes have been worn in London Fashion Week catwalks and displayed on public transport in Europe, decorated buildings and even natural landmarks in England. Cycling 4 Climate, a foundation that has organized rides in six countries to promote climate change awareness, chose the stripe pattern as a uniform because of the strong message it conveys.
The warming stripes may not necessarily be the solution, but perhaps they represent a first step in recognizing the problem.
9．What can we know about the warming stripes
A．They consist of a barcode and a normal graph.
B．They are a practical approach to global warming.
C．They reveal the causes of global climate changes.
D．They go global due to the work of Bernadette and Ed Hawkins.
10．What does the underlined word "collaborate" in paragraph 4 mean
A．Cooperate. B．Resolve. C．Dominate. D．Interrupt.
11．What is the writer's attitude to the warming stripes
A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Conserved.
12．What is the focus of the passage
A．A visual reminder of global warming.
B．A common phenomenon of climate crisis.
C．A realistic project plan for settling climate issues.
D．A comprehensive initiative of environment conservation.
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Reading大学气候物理学家教授Ellic Highwood在Twitter上发布了一张她编制的“全球变暖毯”的照片，是全球变暖条纹的视觉标志，并描述了它如何被全球所接受和广泛传播，以提醒人们关注全球变暖的问题。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“After a positive reception, he embarked on a mission to make the warming stripes widely accessible and launched a website. Within a week, the site had more than one million downloads from across 180 countries.(在受到积极欢迎后，他开始了一个任务，让这一变暖条纹能广泛地被访问，并推出了一个网站。在一周之内，这一网站在180多个国家中有100多万的下载量。)”可知，这一变暖条纹在一周内有100多万的下载量，故因为Bernadette和Hawkins，变暖条纹被全球所知，故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词后的内容提示“They partnered with Hawkins, universities, the World Meteorological Organization, and others, and had a WhatsApp group with TV weather presenters from more than 100 countries.(他们与Hawkins，大学，世界气象组织和其它机构合作，建立了一个WhatsApp小组，该小组由来自100个国家的电视天气播报员组成。)”可知，他们与很多机构合作，故此处划线词与A项“Cooperate(合作)”意思相近，表明Bernadette看到了社区合作的机会，故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The warming stripes may not necessarily be the solution, but perhaps they represent a first step in recognizing the problem.(变暖条纹可能不一定是解决方法，但也许它们代表着认识问题的第一步。)”可知，作者认为变暖条纹代表着认识问题的第一步，有助于人们认识到全球变暖的问题，故作者对于变暖条纹的态度是支持的，故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2017, Ellic Highwood, the professor of climate physics at the University of Reading, posted a photograph on Twitter of a “global warming blanket” she had crocheted(用钩针编织), in which rows of colour represented average global temperature changes across time.(在2017年，Reading大学气候物理学家教授Ellic Highwood在Twitter上发布了一张她编制的“全球变暖毯”的照片，照片中一排排颜色代表了全球平均温度随时间变化。)”以及众观全文可知，文章主要介绍了Reading大学气候物理学家教授Ellic Highwood在Twitter上发布了一张她编制的“全球变暖毯”的照片，是全球变暖条纹的视觉标志，并描述了它如何被全球所接受和广泛传播，以提醒人们关注全球变暖的问题，故文章的重点是介绍提醒全球变暖的视觉标志，故选A。
（23-24高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）Slow travel mainly refers to the speed of which a trip is taken, where travelers take a train through Europe instead of flying, for example. However, it also has a broader meaning of tourists staying in destinations for longer, emphasizing a connection with local people, culture, food and music. This means that slow travel is also more sustainable for local communities and the environment.
Johanna Bonhill-Smith, Travel & Tourism Analyst at GlobalData, comments: “Various consumer trends already suggest that slow travel could take off soon. A trip longer than ten nights is more highly desired（22%）than a day visit（10%）or short break away from one to three nights（14%）according to a live poll from GlobalData.”
There is also a larger remote workforce across the globe. Over 70% of global respondents chooe to work remotely full time or have a mixture of both remote and office work in another GlobalData poll. Many offices are likely to be more flexible regarding working hours and the location of an employee, meaning combining work and leisure will be easier for employees.
Sustainability is also at the forefront of consumers’ decisions. “Supporting social causes” was identified as a key driver in product purchases for 25% of global respondents in GlobalData’s Q1 2021 consumer survey and for 45% this was “nice to have”. Preference for products can reflect on service trends and this identifies that consumers may feel more inclined to support local communities, which is a gap that ‘slow travel’ can fill.
Bonhill-Smith adds: “Slow travel is sure to make its mark in travel. This trend reflects consumers’ growing desire for more experiential forms of travel, going above and beyond the hordes(成群) of tourists gathered for sun, sea and sand. Its potential growth could further rival the concept of mass tourism and the all-inclusive package holiday concept in travel’s new trend. ”
13．Which can be a proper example of slow travel
A．To take a direct flight to England from France.
B．To spend one day in London and tasted food there.
C．To live in a local house for an 8-day stay in Italy.
D．To attend a music festival in Spain and return in a day.
14．How does Bonhill-Smith know slow travel could take off
A．By conducting an on-site research.
B．By interviewing the global respondents online.
C．By analyzing comprehensive data from a live poll.
D．By predicting the consumer trends according to his experience.
15．What features heavily in consumer decisions
A．Satisfying one's personal desire for products.
B．Pursuing sustainability in support of social causes.
C．Seeking flexibility in shopping time and expectations.
D．Declining to form an association with local communities.
16．What does the last paragraph imply
A．Experiential travel closely relates to tourists' cultural competence.
B．The top beach destinations are appealing to groups of tourists.
C．All-inclusive package holiday is popular nowadays.
D．Slower travel could be the next big tourism trend.
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的旅行方式——慢旅行。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Slow travel mainly refers to the speed of which a trip is taken, where travelers take a train through Europe instead of flying, for example. However, it also has a broader meaning of tourists staying in destinations for longer, emphasizing a connection with local people, culture, food and music.(慢旅行主要指旅行的速度，例如，旅行者乘坐火车而不是飞机穿越欧洲。然而，它也有着更广泛的含义，即游客在目的地停留的时间更长，强调与当地人、文化、食物和音乐的联系。)”可知，慢旅行指乘坐火车旅行或者是在目的地待的时间更长，故C项“在意大利的一个当地人家里住8天”是慢旅行的一个例子，时间待得更长，住在当地人家里，与当地人、文化和食物产生联系，是故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Johanna Bonhill-Smith, Travel & Tourism Analyst at GlobalData, comments: “Various consumer trends already suggest that slow travel could take off soon. A trip longer than ten nights is more highly desired（22%）than a day visit（10%）or short break away from one to three nights（14%）according to a live poll from GlobalData.”(GlobalData的旅游分析师Johanna Bonhill-Smith评论到：“各种消费者趋势已经表明，慢旅行可能很快就会兴起。根据的GlobalData实时民意调查显示，22%的调查者更喜欢超过10天的旅行，10%的调查者选择1天的旅行，而14%的调查者更喜欢一晚到三晚的短暂休息。”)”可知，Bonhill-Smith是通过民意调查的数据分析得出的慢旅行会兴起的结论，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Sustainability is also at the forefront of consumers’ decisions. “Supporting social causes” was identified as a key driver in product purchases for 25% of global respondents in GlobalData’s Q1 2021 consumer survey and for 45% this was “nice to have”(可持续性也是消费者决策的核心。在2021年第一季度的消费者调查中，25%的全球受访者认为‘支持社会事业’是产品购买的关键驱动力，45%的受访者认为这是‘很好的’。)”可知，在消费者的决策中，可持续性是关键，且“支持社会事业”是产品购买的关键驱动力，故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Bonhill-Smith adds: “Slow travel is sure to make its mark in travel. This trend reflects consumers’ growing desire for more experiential forms of travel, going above and beyond the hordes(成群) of tourists gathered for sun, sea and sand.( Bonhill-Smith补充道：“慢旅行肯定会在旅行中崭露头角。这一趋势反映了消费者对更具体验的旅行形式的日益渴望，而不是成群结队地聚在阳光下、大海和沙滩上。”)”可知，Bonhill-Smith认为慢旅行肯定会在旅行中崭露头角，成为趋势，故暗示了慢旅行可能是下一个重要的旅游趋势，故选D。
（23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Is social media really making young people antisocial (孤僻的) A surprising new study finds that children and young adults who use these platforms the most are actually more active in the real world than others! The new findings come from a long-term project called the Trondheim Early Secure Study. Researchers collected information from about 800 children and young adults when they were 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years old. This included interviews about each child’s use of social media from year to year. The goal was to determine if using social media affects a young person’s overall social skills.
To the team’s surprise, participants frequently using these platforms did not see their social skills reduced. “On the contrary, we find that people who use social media a lot spend more time with friends offline than those who tend to limit their screen time,” says Professor Silje Steinsbekk from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Department of Psychology.
However, social media can present challenges for children and teens. Although it offers a convenient and comfortable way for those with social anxiety to communicate, it can also lead to addiction and misuse. Studies have suggested that young people with anxiety are more easily affected by the negative effects of social media, which can worsen their symptoms and harm their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial for parents to monitor their children’s online activity and usage.
Despite the risks to some, the team says their findings debunk the belief that social media causes young people to become socially isolated. In fact, their frequent use of social platforms may actually give them more opportunities to connect with old and new friends and set up chances to go out and socialize outdoors.
17．What does the study focus on
A．The importance of young people’s social skills.
B．The impact of social media on young people.
C．Reasons for people becoming isolated from the community.
D．Ways to prevent children from becoming addicted to social media.
18．Who may probably be more active in the real world according to the study
A．A teenager who uses social media frequently.
B．A boy who never makes friends online.
C．A girl who seldom surfs the Internet.
D．A new parent who is experiencing social anxiety.
19．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Negative emotions cause teens to misuse social media.
B．Kids are more easily influenced by social media than adults.
C．Online communication can help improve people’s mental health.
D．Social media is a double-edged sword for young people with anxiety.
20．What does the underlined word “debunk” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Explain. B．Ignore.
C．Confirm. D．Contradict.
【答案】17．B 18．A 19．D 20．D
【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章主要基于一项关于社交媒体对年轻人社交影响的研究，通过介绍研究方法、结果，并对比普遍观点，分析了频繁使用社交媒体的年轻人在现实生活中的社交活动情况，同时提及了社交媒体对部分用户的潜在风险，整体上是对该研究发现的阐述与解读。
17．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The goal was to determine if using social media affects a young person’s overall social skills.”（目的是确定使用社交媒体是否会影响年轻人的总体社交技能。）可知，该研究关注的社交媒体对年轻人的影响。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中““On the contrary, we find that people who use social media a lot spend more time with friends offline than those who tend to limit their screen time,” says Professor Silje Steinsbekk from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Department of Psychology.”（“相反，我们发现，经常使用社交媒体的人比那些倾向于限制屏幕时间的人花更多的时间与线下的朋友在一起，”挪威科技大学心理学系的斯利杰·斯坦斯贝克教授说。）可知，根据研究，经常使用社交媒体的青少年可能在现实世界中更活跃。故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, social media can present challenges for children and teens. Although it offers a convenient and comfortable way for those with social anxiety to communicate, it can also lead to addiction and misuse. Studies have suggested that young people with anxiety are more easily affected by the negative effects of social media, which can worsen their symptoms and harm their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial for parents to monitor their children’s online activity and usage.”（然而，社交媒体给儿童和青少年带来了挑战。虽然它为那些有社交焦虑的人提供了一种方便和舒适的交流方式，但它也可能导致上瘾和滥用。研究表明，焦虑的年轻人更容易受到社交媒体负面影响的影响，这会使他们的症状恶化，损害他们的心理健康。因此，家长监控孩子的网络活动和使用情况是至关重要的。）可知，对于有焦虑的年轻人来说，社交媒体是一把双刃剑。因为虽然它为社交焦虑者提供了一种方便舒适的沟通方式，但也可能导致成瘾和误用，且对有焦虑的年轻人负面影响更大，这表明了其具有两面性。故选D。
20．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“that social media causes young people to become socially isolated”（社交媒体导致年轻人社交孤立）和“In fact, their frequent use of social platforms may actually give them more opportunities to connect with old and new friends and set up chances to go out and socialize outdoors.”（事实上，他们频繁使用社交平台可能会让他们有更多机会与新老朋友联系，并有机会出去参加户外社交活动。）可知，团队的说法与普遍认为社交媒体使年轻人变得孤立的观点相反，因此debunk一词最有可能的意思是“反驳”。A. Explain解释；B. Ignore忽略；C. Confirm确认；D. Contradict反驳。故选D。
（23-24高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）A new study examines possible harm caused by microscopic pieces of plastic that end up inside people’s bodies. These materials — known as microplastics and nanoplastics — can enter the body through the air or in food or drinks.
One new study suggests the buildup of such plastics inside the body can increase the risk of a stroke, heart attack or death. But the researchers noted the evidence presented cannot prove a direct link between tiny plastic materials and heart problems.
The study involved 257 people who had medical operations to clear blocked blood vessels (血管) in their necks. Italian researchers examined the fatty buildup the doctors removed from the carotid arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the brain. Using two methods, they found evidence of plastics — mostly nanoplastics that cannot be seen — in the artery plaque (动脉斑块) of 150 patients. No evidence of plastics was seen in 107 patients.
The team followed these people for three years. During that time, 30 individuals, or 20 percent of the group with plastics, had a heart attack, stroke, or died from any cause. These rates dropped to about eight percent among those with no evidence of plastics. Research results were recently published in a study in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The researchers admitted their study was very small. For example, it only looked at people with narrowed arteries who were already at risk for heart attacks and stroke.
Steve Nissen is a heart expert at the Cleveland Clinic in the state of Ohio who was not part of the study. He told the Associated Press he thinks the team’s estimate that the risk of heart attack, stroke or death was four times greater seems too high. “It would mean that these microplastics are the most important cause of coronary heart disease (冠心病) yet discovered. And I just don’t think that’s likely to be right,” Nissen said. “Maybe, it’s just a wake-up call that perhaps we need to take the problem of microplastics more seriously.” Nissen added.
21．How did the researchers carry out their study
A．By doing online surveys. B．By interviewing participants.
C．By comparing with former experiments. D．By conducting experiments and analyzing data.
22．What did the team find about the 150 patients
A．They were in good health before the study.
B．No evidence of plastics were found in them.
C．20 percent of them died from heart attacks.
D．They developed many more health problems than the 107 patients.
23．What can be inferred from Nissen’s words
A．There was no relationship between microplastics and heart diseases.
B．We should pay more attention to the harm of microplastics to our body.
C．The result proved a direct link between tiny plastic materials and heart problems.
D．The result was inaccurate because they only looked at people with narrowed arteries.
24．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Tiny plastic materials — Harmful to our body
B．Tiny plastic materials — Exist in our body
C．Tiny plastic materials — A leading cause of our health.
D．Tiny plastic materials — A direct reason for heart diseases.
【答案】21．D 22．D 23．B 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科学研究，该研究探讨了微塑料和纳米塑料在人体内积累可能带来的危害，包括增加中风、心脏病发作或死亡的风险。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段“The study involved 257 people who had medical operations to clear blocked blood vessels (血管) in their necks. Italian researchers examined the fatty buildup the doctors removed from the carotid arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the brain. Using two methods, they found evidence of plastics — mostly nanoplastics that cannot be seen — in the artery plaque (动脉斑块) of 150 patients. No evidence of plastics was seen in 107 patients.(这项研究涉及257人，他们接受了清除颈部血管阻塞的手术。意大利研究人员检查了医生从颈动脉中移除的脂肪堆积，颈动脉为大脑提供血液和氧气。通过两种方法，他们在150名患者的动脉斑块中发现了塑料的证据——主要是看不见的纳米塑料。107名患者中没有发现塑料的证据)”以及第四段“The team followed these people for three years. During that time, 30 individuals, or 20 percent of the group with plastics, had a heart attack, stroke, or died from any cause. These rates dropped to about eight percent among those with no evidence of plastics. Research results were recently published in a study in the New England Journal of Medicine.(研究小组对这些人进行了三年的跟踪调查。在此期间，有30人（占塑料组的20%）心脏病发作、中风或因任何原因死亡。在没有塑料证据的人群中，这一比例下降到8%左右。研究结果最近发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》的一项研究中)”可知，研究人员是通过实验和分析数据进行他们的研究。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Using two methods, they found evidence of plastics — mostly nanoplastics that cannot be seen — in the artery plaque (动脉斑块) of 150 patients. No evidence of plastics was seen in 107 patients.(通过两种方法，他们在150名患者的动脉斑块中发现了塑料的证据——主要是看不见的纳米塑料。107名患者中没有发现塑料的证据。)”以及第四段中“During that time, 30 individuals, or 20 percent of the group with plastics, had a heart attack, stroke, or died from any cause.(在此期间，有30人（占塑料组的20%）心脏病发作、中风或因任何原因死亡)”可知，动脉斑块中发现了塑料的证据的150个病人与没有发现塑料的证据107个病人相比，出现了更多的健康问题。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybe, it’s just a wake-up call that perhaps we need to take the problem of microplastics more seriously.(也许，这只是一个警钟，也许我们需要更认真地对待微塑料问题)”可知，我们应该更多地关注微塑料可能对我们健康造成的伤害。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study examines possible harm caused by microscopic pieces of plastic that end up inside people’s bodies. These materials -known as microplastics and nanoplastics - can enter the body through the air or in food or drinks.(一项新的研究调查了最终进入人体的微小塑料碎片可能造成的危害。这些被称为微塑料和纳米塑料的材料可以通过空气或食物或饮料进入人体)”结合下文对这项科学研究的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于微塑料和纳米塑料在人体内积累可能带来的危害的研究，这些危害包括增加中风、心脏病发作或死亡的风险，A选项“微小的塑料材料——对我们的身体有害吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。
（23-24高二下·浙江丽水·期末）Researchers from the GIGA — Center of Research Cyclotron at the University of Liège have discovered that the sleeping body reacts to the external world while sleeping, which explains how some sensory input might influence sleep quality.
Researchers from ULi ège worked with the University of Fribourg in Switzerland to study if the body genuinely disconnects from the outside world while sleeping. They focused on how the heartbeat changes when we hear different words while sleeping. They discovered that calming words reduced cardiac (心脏的) activity as a reflection of deeper sleep, in contrast to neutral phrases, which did not have the same effect. This result, reported in the Journal of Sleep Research, throws fresh light on brain-heart interactions during sleep.
A previous study analyzing brain data showed that relaxing words increased deep sleep duration and sleep quality, showing that we can positively influence sleep using meaningful words. By that time, the authors reasoned that the brain might still process sensory input in a way that made our bodies feel more relaxed after hearing soothing phrases while sleeping.
In this new study, the authors were able to measure cardiac activity to test this idea and discovered that the heart slows down only after the display of calming phrases. Markers of cardiac and brain activity were then compared to understand how much they contributed to the modulation (演变) of sleep by auditory information. Cardiac activity has been indeed proposed to contribute to the way we perceive the world directly, but such evidence has so far been obtained in wakefulness. With these results, the ULi ège researchers showed that it was also true in sleep, offering a new perspective on the essential role of bodily reactions beyond brain data for our understanding of sleep.
“Most of sleep research focuses on the brain and rarely investigates bodily activity,” says Dr. Schmidt. This study takes a more complete approach to the modulation of sleep functions by sensory information. By investigating cardiac reactions to noises, we may be able to research in the future the involvement of the body in the way sounds influence emotional processing of memories while sleeping.
25．What can we learn about the sleeping body from the first two paragraphs
A．It disconnects from the outside world. B．It reacts positively to calming words.
C．It makes no response to neutral words. D．It suffers the changes of the heartbeat.
26．What did the new study focus on
A．Unpleasant noise. B．The modulation of sleep.
C．Cardiac activity. D．The function of the brain.
27．Why were the markers compared
A．To understand the world directly.
B．To obtain information in wakefulness.
C．To study the impact of sensory input on sleep.
D．To test the accuracy of auditory information.
28．What is the author’s attitude toward the new study
A．Unclear. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
【答案】25．B 26．C 27．C 28．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述研究人员发现，睡眠中的身体在睡觉时会对外部世界做出反应。
25．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“They discovered that calming words reduced cardiac (心脏的) activity as a reflection of deeper sleep, in contrast to neutral phrases, which did not have the same effect. (他们发现，与中性话语相比，平静的话语会减少心脏活动，这反映了更深的睡眠，而中性短语则没有同样的效果。)”可知，平静的话语会减少心脏活动，这反映了更深的睡眠；由此可知，睡眠中的身体对平静的话语有积极的反应。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“They focused on how the heartbeat changes when we hear different words while sleeping.(他们关注的是当我们在睡觉时听到不同的话语时，心跳是如何变化的。)”可知，新的研究重点是心脏活动。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Markers of cardiac and brain activity were then compared to understand how much they contributed to the modulation (演变) of sleep by auditory information. (然后比较心脏和大脑活动的标志物，以了解它们对听觉信息调节睡眠的贡献有多大。)”可知，将这些标志物进行比较，以研究声音输入对睡眠的影响。故选C项。
28．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“By investigating cardiac reactions to noises, we may be able to research in the future the involvement of the body in the way sounds influence emotional processing of memories while sleeping.(通过研究心脏对噪音的反应，我们可能能够在未来研究声音影响睡眠时记忆情绪处理的方式与身体的关系。)”可知，作者对新研究的态度是支持赞成的，作者认为通过研究心脏对噪音的反应，可能能够在未来研究声音影响睡眠时记忆情绪处理的方式与身体的关系。故选D项。
（23-24高二下·湖北十堰·期末）The rapid melting of the ice sheets at the top of Greenland and Antarctica, as measured by satellite-based gravitational measurements, is shifting more mass toward Earth’s waistline. And the extra increase is slowing the planet’s rotation (自转). That climate-change-driven mass shift is throwing a new challenge into international timekeeping standards.
The internationally agreed-upon coordinated (协调) universal time, or UTC, is set by atomic clocks, but that time is regularly adjusted to match Earth’s actual rotation. Earth’s rotation isn’t always smooth sailing—the speed of the planet’s spin changes depending on a variety of factors, including gravitational drag from the sun and the moon, changes to the rotation speed of Earth’s core, friction (摩擦) between ocean waters and the seafloor, and shifts in the planet’s distribution of mass around its surface. But the impact of the quake is much smaller than that of the ice sheets’ melting. Humankind has done something that affects, measurably, the rotation rate of the entire Earth.
The need for occasionaltweaks to the synchronization (同步) of atomic clocks and Earth’s rotation gave birth to the “leap second” in 1972, an extra tick that international timekeepers agreed to add to UTC as needed. Timekeepers have added 27 leap seconds to the clock since the idea was introduced.
The slightly slower rotation has actually delayed the need for timekeeping changes by a few years—in fact, as a result of this change, the last time a leap second was required to be added was in 2016. At the moment, in fact, Earth’s rotation and atomic clocks are nearly in sync.
“But the study suggests that, thanks to climate change, global timekeepers now have an extra two or three years before they need to adjust,” notes geophysicist Jerry X. Mitrovica of Harvard University. “But no realistic projections of future melting can prevent the unavoidable beyond 2030. One way or another, the world is going to have to start losing time—or international timekeeping rules are due for an update,” Mitrovica adds.
29．What is causing the change in Earth’s rotation speed
A．Friction between ocean and land. B．Melting of ice sheets at Earth’s poles.
C．Gravitational drag from Earth. D．Direction of spin of Earth’s core.
30．What does the underlined word “tweaks” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Investigations. B．Adjustments. C．Objections. D．Applications.
31．What is a result of slower rotation of Earth
A．International timekeeping study will disappear.
B．“Leap second” will be put into use more frequently.
C．Wider gaps will arise between UTC and atomic clocks.
D．International timekeeping rules will have to be revised.
32．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Atomic Clocks Matter In Global Timekeeping
B．Earth’s Rotation Affects The Accuracy Of Time
C．Climate Change Is Affecting How We Keep Time
D．Earth’s Slower Rotation Worsens Climate Change
【答案】29．B 30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过解释地球自转速度变化的原因，特别是冰盖融化对地球自转和国际时间标准的影响，来阐述气候变化对地球自转速度及国际时间计量标准的挑战。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“The rapid melting of the ice sheets at the top of Greenland and Antarctica, as measured by satellite-based gravitational measurements, is shifting more mass toward Earth’s waistline. And the extra increase is slowing the planet’s rotation (自转).(基于卫星的重力测量显示，格陵兰岛和南极洲顶部冰盖的快速融化正在将更多的质量转移到地球的腰围上。额外的增加正在减缓地球的自转)”可知，地球两极冰盖的融化导致了地球自转速度的变化。故选B项。
30．词句猜测题。根据画线单词后文“Timekeepers have added 27 leap seconds to the clock since the idea was introduced.(自从这个想法被引入以来，计时员已经在时钟上增加了27个闰秒)”以及第四段“The slightly slower rotation has actually delayed the need for timekeeping changes by a few years—in fact, as a result of this change, the last time a leap second was required to be added was in 2016. At the moment, in fact, Earth’s rotation and atomic clocks are nearly in sync.(稍微慢一点的自转实际上推迟了几年调整计时的需要——事实上，由于这种变化，上一次需要增加闰秒是在2016年。事实上，目前地球自转和原子钟几乎是同步的)”可知，闰秒的增加是为了调整计时的需要，推知划线单词所在句子表达“由于需要偶尔调整原子钟和地球自转的同步，1972年诞生了“闰秒”，这是国际计时器同意在需要时添加到UTC的一个额外时间”之意，所以tweaks应是“调整”之意，和B项Adjustments.(调整)意思一样。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段““But the study suggests that, thanks to climate change, global timekeepers now have an extra two or three years before they need to adjust,” notes geophysicist Jerry X. Mitrovica of Harvard University. “But no realistic projections of future melting can prevent the unavoidable beyond 2030. One way or another, the world is going to have to start losing time—or international timekeeping rules are due for an update,” Mitrovica adds.(哈佛大学的地球物理学家Jerry X. Mitrovica指出：“但是这项研究表明，由于气候变化，全球计时器现在有额外的两三年时间来调整。”“但是，对未来融化的现实预测无法阻止2030年后不可避免的融化。无论如何，世界将不得不开始失去时间——或者国际计时规则也该更新了，”米特罗维察补充道)”可知，地球自转变慢的结果是国际计时规则必须修订。故选D项。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The rapid melting of the ice sheets at the top of Greenland and Antarctica, as measured by satellite-based gravitational measurements, is shifting more mass toward Earth’s waistline. And the extra increase is slowing the planet’s rotation (自转). That climate-change-driven mass shift is throwing a new challenge into international timekeeping standards.(基于卫星的重力测量显示，格陵兰岛和南极洲顶部冰盖的快速融化正在将更多的质量转移到地球的腰围上。额外的增加正在减缓地球的自转。这种由气候变化驱动的大规模变化给国际计时标准带来了新的挑战)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了气候变化对地球自转速度及国际时间计量标准的挑战，所以C项“Climate Change Is Affecting How We Keep Time(气候变化正在影响我们的计时方式)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
（23-24高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末）Jeremy Clarkson, the 64-year-old TV star, alongside his partner Lisa Hogan, has grown quite fond of the farm animals they’ve been raising for years in Oxford shire. Fans of the Prime Video hit series Clarkson’s Farm have been attracted to Jeremy’s agricultural adventures since it first aired in 2021.
The upcoming third season, set to drop on May 3, sees the farm struggling with a host of troubles from pi g chaos to the bite of increased cost and some serious weather difficulty. In the heartfelt first episode of the new season, Jeremy opens up about the tough decision to shut down his farm restaurant, and to painfully downsize the herd: “With the restaurant shutting, we could no longer afford to keep all the cows. We could hang onto the baby cows to fatten them up, but their mums would have to go.”
The sight of his precious cows being packed onto trucks and driven away from the farm left Jeremy visibly moved as he said to his colleague Charlie Ireland: “I’m finding today really quite sad because for the last year or so I have opened the windows and there were cows—and I loved that.” He added, “It just cheers up my heart every morning to see them,” while facing the reality that the night would be restless with the baby cows upset over the loss of their mothers.
When Jeremy asked about the future of his beloved cow Pepper, Charlie gently advised, “I wouldn’t ask too many questions about Pepper. Don’t ask questions you don’t want to know the answer to.” The show then cuts to the adorable home video shot by Lisa of the baby and mummy cows causing chaos in their garden, followed by a sad scene of Jeremy with his arm around Lisa, silently watching the cows being led away. Jeremy looked depressed, seemingly on the edge of tears during the emotional goodbye, as he and Lisa stood wordlessly.
33．What does the third season of Clarkson’s Farm concern
A．Who makes Jeremy downsize the cattle herd.
B．What it takes Jeremy to operate the farm restaurant.
C．How Jeremy deals with the challenges his farm faces.
D．Why Jeremy has his agricultural adventures broadcast.
34．What did Jeremy think of having cows on his farm
A．Enjoyable. B．Silly. C．Honorable. D．Tiring.
35．What advice did Charlie Ireland offer Jeremy about Pepper
A．Stopping asking Pepper questions. B．Finding out where Pepper will end up.
C．Avoiding thinking about Pepper’s future. D．Making arrangements for Pepper’s well-being.
36．How did Jeremy and Lisa react to the departure of their cows
A．They kept silent. B．They burst into tears.
C．They shot a video. D．They remained hopeful.
【答案】33．C 34．A 35．C 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《克拉克森的农场》第三季的大概内容以及主人公遇到的一些挑战。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“The upcoming third season, set to drop on May 3, sees the farm struggling with a host of troubles from pi g chaos to the bite of increased cost and some serious weather difficulty. (即将到来的第三季将于5月3日播出，在这一季中，农场面临着一系列的麻烦，从生产混乱到成本上涨，再到严重的天气问题。)”可知，《克拉克森的农场》第三季的主题是杰里米如何应对他的农场面临的挑战。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段““I’m finding today really quite sad because for the last year or so I have opened the windows and there were cows—and I loved that.” He added, “It just cheers up my heart every morning to see them,” while facing the reality that the night would be restless with the baby cows upset over the loss of their mothers. (“我觉得今天真的很难过，因为在过去一年左右的时间里，我打开窗户，看到的都是奶牛——我很喜欢这样。”他补充说，“每天早上看到它们，我的心都很高兴。”同时，他还要面对一个现实，那就是夜晚会因为失去母亲而感到不安的小牛们。)”可知，杰里米对他的农场养牛感到愉快。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When Jeremy asked about the future of his beloved cow Pepper, Charlie gently advised, “I wouldn’t ask too many questions about Pepper. Don’t ask questions you don’t want to know the answer to.” (当杰里米问起他心爱的奶牛佩珀的未来时，查理温和地建议说：“我不会问太多关于佩珀的问题。
2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）
第01辑：2024年期末考试暑假专辑
专题03 阅读理解说明文
（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期终20篇）原卷版
目录
技能专区 1
真题专区 1
模拟专区 5
技能专区：
冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）
（介词短语）（名词短语）。
真题专区：
练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
01 2024新高考I卷
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
02-2024新高考II卷
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
29. What information does the convenient app offer
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
31. What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
03-2024全国甲卷
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains
A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply
A. About a year. B. About ten months.
C. About two months. D. About two weeks.
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
模拟专区：
做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（23-24高二下·江苏淮安·期末）Some people prefer paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option
Whether it’s better to read books in print or on a device is complicated, because of the complex interaction of the resources involved across the entire lifecycle of a published work: how books and devices are shipped, what energy they use to run, if they can be recycled.
On the one side, traditional print publishing comes with a high carbon footprint. According to 2023 data, 32 million trees are cut down each year to make paper for books. Then there’s the energy-intensive processes of printing and shipping—to say nothing of the many books that are destroyed because they remain unsold. Although it’s standard practice in the industry, publishers don’t want to destroy books. So instead, many are donating unsold copies, switching to on-demand printing. Publishers are also rethinking book design, since certain fonts (字体) can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper.
On the other hand, digital reading seems to have a considerable eco-advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and shipping. Moreover, tech companies that make e-readers such as Amazon offer recycling programs for old devices. But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint, especially at the manufacturing stage. Their cases are made with plastics and the minerals in their batteries require resource-heavy mining.
Figuring out whether to take a digital device or a paperback to the beach ultimately depends on how much you read.“ If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do,” said Mike Berners-Lee, the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything. “But if I buy it, read a couple of books, and decide that I prefer paperback books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.”
Yet Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, a pretty sustainable activity——regardless of whether you read using an e-reader, phone or old-fashioned paperback.
1．Why is it hard to tell if print or digital books are more eco-friendly
A．The whole processes for both involve many resources.
B．The option depends on the reader’s personal preferences.
C．Recycling programs are not equally effective for both types.
D．The environmental impact of reading habits is often overlooked.
2．What are book publishers doing to reduce the environmental impact
A．Cutting down fewer trees.
B．Destroying the unsold books.
C．Employing eco-friendly practices.
D．Focusing on the sales of digital books.
3．According to Berners-Lee, an e-reader is more sustainable than paperbacks when .
A．an e-reader is shared by many people
B．you charge it using renewable energy
C．an e-reader is recycled after being used
D．you read a high volume of books digitally
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Print books vs. e-readers: which is your favorite
B．Paper books vs. e-readers: which is better for the climate
C．Choose digital reading, for it reduces more carbon footprint
D．Keep the balance of convenience and sustainability in reading
（23-24高二下·浙江台州·期末）Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions — or inaction — will change our planet over the coming decades and centuries. But because the planet is such a complex system, they aren’t perfect climate models have uncertainties that grow larger as they go farther into the future. Scientists and engineers from across the country are teaming up to build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions.
Current climate modeling relies on dividing up the globe into a grid (格子) and then computing what is going on in each sector of the grid, as well a show the sectors interact with each other. Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometers per side. But for climate modeling, the devil is in the details — details that get missed in a too-large grid. “For cities planning their stormwater management facilities to resist the next 100 years’ worth of floods, this is a serious issue. Concrete answers about the likely range of climate outcomes are key for planning.” says Tapio Schneider, senior research scientist at CliMA．
Weighing recent advances in the computational and data sciences, the team plans to step incandesce of the partners brings a different strength and research expertise to the project. “Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover, sea ice extent, and rainfall more accurately—with uncertainties at least half the size of those in existing models.” said Dr. Andrew, the team leader.
One doubter about the application of climate models is Raffaele Ferrari, a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT. “Using a model, we become puppeteers, masters of a giant system that is, in truth, beyond human control. We can cool or heat the planet at will, add salt or ice or rain or dust in any amount we want,” Dr. Ferrari says. “We have no backup planet. How climate models are used remains to be seen.”
5．Why are climate models built
A．To collect scientific data. B．To monitor human actions.
C．To deliver useful forecasts. D．To maintain social systems.
6．What is the problem of current climate modeling
A．Shortage of facilities. B．Reliance on computers.
C．Inability to get smaller grids. D．Limitation in simplifying details.
7．What does the team aim to do
A．Investigate serious issues. B．Guarantee the safety of the city.
C．Change the future climate. D．Improve the accuracy of the models.
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Climate models enjoys great popularity.
B．Scientists have created a new climate model.
C．Doubts about climate models are disappearing.
D．Caution is advised in the use of climate models.
（23-24高二下·浙江绍兴·期末） In 2017, Ellic Highwood, the professor of climate physics at the University of Reading, posted a photograph on Twitter of a “global warming blanket” she had crocheted (用钩针编织), in which rows of colour represented average global temperature changes across time. She had no idea that a graphic version later created by a colleague would become a global symbol of climate change.She had no idea that a graphic version later created by a colleague would become a global symbol of climate change.
Unlike traditional data visualisations, the blanket’s pattern only features colors — and seems to be a barcode more than a normal graph. When Ed Hawkins, climate scientist and professor at the same university, saw the warming stripes and witnessed people’s reactions, he thought they would be a good way to visualise the data from climate change online. He reduced the range of colors to tones of blues and reds, universally associated in weather maps with temperature.
A year later, Hawkins tested the design at the Hay Festival in the UK. After a positive reception, he embarked on a mission to make the warming stripes widely accessible and launched a website. Within a week, the site had more than one million downloads from across 180 countries.
Meteorologist (气象学家) Bernadette Woods Placky first saw the stripes on Facebook in 2018. When a weather presenter printed the design on a tie to wear on TV, and asked if anybody else wanted to join, Bernadette saw an opportunity for the community to collaborate. They partnered with Hawkins, universities, the World Meteorological Organization, and others, and had a WhatsApp group with TV weather presenters from more than 100 countries.
The “warming stripes” image has been embraced by activists globally. The stripes have been worn in London Fashion Week catwalks and displayed on public transport in Europe, decorated buildings and even natural landmarks in England. Cycling 4 Climate, a foundation that has organized rides in six countries to promote climate change awareness, chose the stripe pattern as a uniform because of the strong message it conveys.
The warming stripes may not necessarily be the solution, but perhaps they represent a first step in recognizing the problem.
9．What can we know about the warming stripes
A．They consist of a barcode and a normal graph.
B．They are a practical approach to global warming.
C．They reveal the causes of global climate changes.
D．They go global due to the work of Bernadette and Ed Hawkins.
10．What does the underlined word "collaborate" in paragraph 4 mean
A．Cooperate. B．Resolve. C．Dominate. D．Interrupt.
11．What is the writer's attitude to the warming stripes
A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Conserved.
12．What is the focus of the passage
A．A visual reminder of global warming.
B．A common phenomenon of climate crisis.
C．A realistic project plan for settling climate issues.
D．A comprehensive initiative of environment conservation.
（23-24高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）Slow travel mainly refers to the speed of which a trip is taken, where travelers take a train through Europe instead of flying, for example. However, it also has a broader meaning of tourists staying in destinations for longer, emphasizing a connection with local people, culture, food and music. This means that slow travel is also more sustainable for local communities and the environment.
Johanna Bonhill-Smith, Travel & Tourism Analyst at GlobalData, comments: “Various consumer trends already suggest that slow travel could take off soon. A trip longer than ten nights is more highly desired（22%）than a day visit（10%）or short break away from one to three nights（14%）according to a live poll from GlobalData.”
There is also a larger remote workforce across the globe. Over 70% of global respondents chooe to work remotely full time or have a mixture of both remote and office work in another GlobalData poll. Many offices are likely to be more flexible regarding working hours and the location of an employee, meaning combining work and leisure will be easier for employees.
Sustainability is also at the forefront of consumers’ decisions. “Supporting social causes” was identified as a key driver in product purchases for 25% of global respondents in GlobalData’s Q1 2021 consumer survey and for 45% this was “nice to have”. Preference for products can reflect on service trends and this identifies that consumers may feel more inclined to support local communities, which is a gap that ‘slow travel’ can fill.
Bonhill-Smith adds: “Slow travel is sure to make its mark in travel. This trend reflects consumers’ growing desire for more experiential forms of travel, going above and beyond the hordes(成群) of tourists gathered for sun, sea and sand. Its potential growth could further rival the concept of mass tourism and the all-inclusive package holiday concept in travel’s new trend. ”
13．Which can be a proper example of slow travel
A．To take a direct flight to England from France.
B．To spend one day in London and tasted food there.
C．To live in a local house for an 8-day stay in Italy.
D．To attend a music festival in Spain and return in a day.
14．How does Bonhill-Smith know slow travel could take off
A．By conducting an on-site research.
B．By interviewing the global respondents online.
C．By analyzing comprehensive data from a live poll.
D．By predicting the consumer trends according to his experience.
15．What features heavily in consumer decisions
A．Satisfying one's personal desire for products.
B．Pursuing sustainability in support of social causes.
C．Seeking flexibility in shopping time and expectations.
D．Declining to form an association with local communities.
16．What does the last paragraph imply
A．Experiential travel closely relates to tourists' cultural competence.
B．The top beach destinations are appealing to groups of tourists.
C．All-inclusive package holiday is popular nowadays.
D．Slower travel could be the next big tourism trend.
（23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Is social media really making young people antisocial (孤僻的) A surprising new study finds that children and young adults who use these platforms the most are actually more active in the real world than others! The new findings come from a long-term project called the Trondheim Early Secure Study. Researchers collected information from about 800 children and young adults when they were 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years old. This included interviews about each child’s use of social media from year to year. The goal was to determine if using social media affects a young person’s overall social skills.
To the team’s surprise, participants frequently using these platforms did not see their social skills reduced. “On the contrary, we find that people who use social media a lot spend more time with friends offline than those who tend to limit their screen time,” says Professor Silje Steinsbekk from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Department of Psychology.
However, social media can present challenges for children and teens. Although it offers a convenient and comfortable way for those with social anxiety to communicate, it can also lead to addiction and misuse. Studies have suggested that young people with anxiety are more easily affected by the negative effects of social media, which can worsen their symptoms and harm their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial for parents to monitor their children’s online activity and usage.
Despite the risks to some, the team says their findings debunk the belief that social media causes young people to become socially isolated. In fact, their frequent use of social platforms may actually give them more opportunities to connect with old and new friends and set up chances to go out and socialize outdoors.
17．What does the study focus on
A．The importance of young people’s social skills.
B．The impact of social media on young people.
C．Reasons for people becoming isolated from the community.
D．Ways to prevent children from becoming addicted to social media.
18．Who may probably be more active in the real world according to the study
A．A teenager who uses social media frequently.
B．A boy who never makes friends online.
C．A girl who seldom surfs the Internet.
D．A new parent who is experiencing social anxiety.
19．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Negative emotions cause teens to misuse social media.
B．Kids are more easily influenced by social media than adults.
C．Online communication can help improve people’s mental health.
D．Social media is a double-edged sword for young people with anxiety.
20．What does the underlined word “debunk” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Explain. B．Ignore.
C．Confirm. D．Contradict.
（23-24高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）A new study examines possible harm caused by microscopic pieces of plastic that end up inside people’s bodies. These materials — known as microplastics and nanoplastics — can enter the body through the air or in food or drinks.
One new study suggests the buildup of such plastics inside the body can increase the risk of a stroke, heart attack or death. But the researchers noted the evidence presented cannot prove a direct link between tiny plastic materials and heart problems.
The study involved 257 people who had medical operations to clear blocked blood vessels (血管) in their necks. Italian researchers examined the fatty buildup the doctors removed from the carotid arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the brain. Using two methods, they found evidence of plastics — mostly nanoplastics that cannot be seen — in the artery plaque (动脉斑块) of 150 patients. No evidence of plastics was seen in 107 patients.
The team followed these people for three years. During that time, 30 individuals, or 20 percent of the group with plastics, had a heart attack, stroke, or died from any cause. These rates dropped to about eight percent among those with no evidence of plastics. Research results were recently published in a study in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The researchers admitted their study was very small. For example, it only looked at people with narrowed arteries who were already at risk for heart attacks and stroke.
Steve Nissen is a heart expert at the Cleveland Clinic in the state of Ohio who was not part of the study. He told the Associated Press he thinks the team’s estimate that the risk of heart attack, stroke or death was four times greater seems too high. “It would mean that these microplastics are the most important cause of coronary heart disease (冠心病) yet discovered. And I just don’t think that’s likely to be right,” Nissen said. “Maybe, it’s just a wake-up call that perhaps we need to take the problem of microplastics more seriously.” Nissen added.
21．How did the researchers carry out their study
A．By doing online surveys. B．By interviewing participants.
C．By comparing with former experiments. D．By conducting experiments and analyzing data.
22．What did the team find about the 150 patients
A．They were in good health before the study.
B．No evidence of plastics were found in them.
C．20 percent of them died from heart attacks.
D．They developed many more health problems than the 107 patients.
23．What can be inferred from Nissen’s words
A．There was no relationship between microplastics and heart diseases.
B．We should pay more attention to the harm of microplastics to our body.
C．The result proved a direct link between tiny plastic materials and heart problems.
D．The result was inaccurate because they only looked at people with narrowed arteries.
24．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Tiny plastic materials — Harmful to our body
B．Tiny plastic materials — Exist in our body
C．Tiny plastic materials — A leading cause of our health.
D．Tiny plastic materials — A direct reason for heart diseases.
（23-24高二下·浙江丽水·期末）Researchers from the GIGA — Center of Research Cyclotron at the University of Liège have discovered that the sleeping body reacts to the external world while sleeping, which explains how some sensory input might influence sleep quality.
Researchers from ULi ège worked with the University of Fribourg in Switzerland to study if the body genuinely disconnects from the outside world while sleeping. They focused on how the heartbeat changes when we hear different words while sleeping. They discovered that calming words reduced cardiac (心脏的) activity as a reflection of deeper sleep, in contrast to neutral phrases, which did not have the same effect. This result, reported in the Journal of Sleep Research, throws fresh light on brain-heart interactions during sleep.
A previous study analyzing brain data showed that relaxing words increased deep sleep duration and sleep quality, showing that we can positively influence sleep using meaningful words. By that time, the authors reasoned that the brain might still process sensory input in a way that made our bodies feel more relaxed after hearing soothing phrases while sleeping.
In this new study, the authors were able to measure cardiac activity to test this idea and discovered that the heart slows down only after the display of calming phrases. Markers of cardiac and brain activity were then compared to understand how much they contributed to the modulation (演变) of sleep by auditory information. Cardiac activity has been indeed proposed to contribute to the way we perceive the world directly, but such evidence has so far been obtained in wakefulness. With these results, the ULi ège researchers showed that it was also true in sleep, offering a new perspective on the essential role of bodily reactions beyond brain data for our understanding of sleep.
“Most of sleep research focuses on the brain and rarely investigates bodily activity,” says Dr. Schmidt. This study takes a more complete approach to the modulation of sleep functions by sensory information. By investigating cardiac reactions to noises, we may be able to research in the future the involvement of the body in the way sounds influence emotional processing of memories while sleeping.
25．What can we learn about the sleeping body from the first two paragraphs
A．It disconnects from the outside world. B．It reacts positively to calming words.
C．It makes no response to neutral words. D．It suffers the changes of the heartbeat.
26．What did the new study focus on
A．Unpleasant noise. B．The modulation of sleep.
C．Cardiac activity. D．The function of the brain.
27．Why were the markers compared
A．To understand the world directly.
B．To obtain information in wakefulness.
C．To study the impact of sensory input on sleep.
D．To test the accuracy of auditory information.
28．What is the author’s attitude toward the new study
A．Unclear. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
（23-24高二下·湖北十堰·期末）The rapid melting of the ice sheets at the top of Greenland and Antarctica, as measured by satellite-based gravitational measurements, is shifting more mass toward Earth’s waistline. And the extra increase is slowing the planet’s rotation (自转). That climate-change-driven mass shift is throwing a new challenge into international timekeeping standards.
The internationally agreed-upon coordinated (协调) universal time, or UTC, is set by atomic clocks, but that time is regularly adjusted to match Earth’s actual rotation. Earth’s rotation isn’t always smooth sailing—the speed of the planet’s spin changes depending on a variety of factors, including gravitational drag from the sun and the moon, changes to the rotation speed of Earth’s core, friction (摩擦) between ocean waters and the seafloor, and shifts in the planet’s distribution of mass around its surface. But the impact of the quake is much smaller than that of the ice sheets’ melting. Humankind has done something that affects, measurably, the rotation rate of the entire Earth.
The need for occasionaltweaks to the synchronization (同步) of atomic clocks and Earth’s rotation gave birth to the “leap second” in 1972, an extra tick that international timekeepers agreed to add to UTC as needed. Timekeepers have added 27 leap seconds to the clock since the idea was introduced.
The slightly slower rotation has actually delayed the need for timekeeping changes by a few years—in fact, as a result of this change, the last time a leap second was required to be added was in 2016. At the moment, in fact, Earth’s rotation and atomic clocks are nearly in sync.
“But the study suggests that, thanks to climate change, global timekeepers now have an extra two or three years before they need to adjust,” notes geophysicist Jerry X. Mitrovica of Harvard University. “But no realistic projections of future melting can prevent the unavoidable beyond 2030. One way or another, the world is going to have to start losing time—or international timekeeping rules are due for an update,” Mitrovica adds.
29．What is causing the change in Earth’s rotation speed
A．Friction between ocean and land. B．Melting of ice sheets at Earth’s poles.
C．Gravitational drag from Earth. D．Direction of spin of Earth’s core.
30．What does the underlined word “tweaks” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Investigations. B．Adjustments. C．Objections. D．Applications.
31．What is a result of slower rotation of Earth
A．International timekeeping study will disappear.
B．“Leap second” will be put into use more frequently.
C．Wider gaps will arise between UTC and atomic clocks.
D．International timekeeping rules will have to be revised.
32．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Atomic Clocks Matter In Global Timekeeping
B．Earth’s Rotation Affects The Accuracy Of Time
C．Climate Change Is Affecting How We Keep Time
D．Earth’s Slower Rotation Worsens Climate Change
（23-24高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末）Jeremy Clarkson, the 64-year-old TV star, alongside his partner Lisa Hogan, has grown quite fond of the farm animals they’ve been raising for years in Oxford shire. Fans of the Prime Video hit series Clarkson’s Farm have been attracted to Jeremy’s agricultural adventures since it first aired in 2021.
The upcoming third season, set to drop on May 3, sees the farm struggling with a host of troubles from pi g chaos to the bite of increased cost and some serious weather difficulty. In the heartfelt first episode of the new season, Jeremy opens up about the tough decision to shut down his farm restaurant, and to painfully downsize the herd: “With the restaurant shutting, we could no longer afford to keep all the cows. We could hang onto the baby cows to fatten them up, but their mums would have to go.”
The sight of his precious cows being packed onto trucks and driven away from the farm left Jeremy visibly moved as he said to his colleague Charlie Ireland: “I’m finding today really quite sad because for the last year or so I have opened the windows and there were cows—and I loved that.” He added, “It just cheers up my heart every morning to see them,” while facing the reality that the night would be restless with the baby cows upset over the loss of their mothers.
When Jeremy asked about the future of his beloved cow Pepper, Charlie gently advised, “I wouldn’t ask too many questions about Pepper. Don’t ask questions you don’t want to know the answer to.” The show then cuts to the adorable home video shot by Lisa of the baby and mummy cows causing chaos in their garden, followed by a sad scene of Jeremy with his arm around Lisa, silently watching the cows being led away. Jeremy looked depressed, seemingly on the edge of tears during the emotional goodbye, as he and Lisa stood wordlessly.
33．What does the third season of Clarkson’s Farm concern
A．Who makes Jeremy downsize the cattle herd.
B．What it takes Jeremy to operate the farm restaurant.
C．How Jeremy deals with the challenges his farm faces.
D．Why Jeremy has his agricultural adventures broadcast.
34．What did Jeremy think of having cows on his farm
A．Enjoyable. B．Silly. C．Honorable. D．Tiring.
35．What advice did Charlie Ireland offer Jeremy about Pepper
A．Stopping asking Pepper questions. B．Finding out where Pepper will end up.
C．Avoiding thinking about Pepper’s future. D．Making arrangements for Pepper’s well-being.
36．How did Jeremy and Lisa react to the departure of their cows
A．They kept silent. B．They burst into tears.
C．They shot a video. D．They remained hopeful.
（23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期末）Looking like something from a sci-fi movie, the SeaOrbiter was designed to tower above the waves as it made its way through some of the most unexplored parts of the world's oceans. It is a breathtaking ship, featuring its underwater platform and advanced science labs. It can host a crew of up to 22 for long-term scientific missions lasting over six months.
Its scale when seen on the horizon (地平线) would have been great. While modern ships usually sit flat to the surface and have most of their mass laid out, the SeaOrbiter was to resemble a floating tower, rising to a total height of 51 meres, the height of Nelson's Column in London — with over half below the ocean.
Designed not just to move in the seas, but also to explore their depths, six of the SeaOrbiter's twelve decks were to sit below sea level, bringing the undersea kingdom to life and providing uninterrupted underwater observation for the scientists and explorers aboard. Its goal was to pullback the curtain on one of nature's most unexplored habitats.
Despite covering 70 per cent of our planet, with only 5 per cent explored and less than 20 per cent mapped, our oceans are still largely a mystery. What's more, humans have explored less than 1 per cent of the deep ocean. In fact, we know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of the Moon.
Construction of the 1, 000-ton ship had been due to start in 2014, but by May 2015 only the first part of the construction was successfully completed. Construction was made possible by a crowd-funding campaign.
37．What is the unique feature of the SeaOrbiter according to paragraph 1
A．Being specially designed based on a sci-fi film.
B．Being shaped exactly like an unexplored tower.
C．Possessing underwater platform and advanced science labs.
D．Enabling 22 people to carry out long-term scientific tasks.
38．Why does the author mention Nelson's Column
A．To introduce the distant origin of the ship.
B．To stress the underwater part of the ship.
C．To illustrate the amazing height of the ship.
D．To highlight the floating ability of the ship.
39．What do the data in paragraph 4 imply
A．Over 20 per cent of the oceans has been charted.
B．There is much for us to explore about the ocean floor.
C．Humans have explored only 5 per cent of the deep sea.
D．The ocean floor is easier to reach than the surface of the Moon.
40．Why was the SeaOrbiter designed
A．To move in space in a usual way.
B．To compete with space exploration.
C．To uncover the mysteries of deep seas.
D．To complete a crowd-funding campaign.
（23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期末）Worrying news stories about people with cancer seem never-ending. The physical condition is often cruel. It also has some psychological characteristics that make it fearsome. We are more frightened by threats over which we feel we have no control. More than any other diseases, cancer causes various worries, which helps explain why it has been the most horrible in richer nations with longer lifespans for decades.
One overlooked effect of this fear has been the creation of cancerphobia, which George called in 1955. He wrote:“In terms of the total number of people affected, fear of cancer is causing more suffering than cancer itself.” In important ways, our deep fear of it is outdated, a phobia that no longer matches the evidence and causes huge harm.
Most people believe a diagnosis (诊断) of cancer means death. Slow but steady progress in the past few decades has made roughly two-thirds of all cancers completely curable.
Many people believe cancer screening is beneficial because it is always best to find cancer as early as possible. Screening helps, certainly, but it also harms. There is much evidence that these worries can leave lasting psychological scars. Worse still screening inappropriately finds “overdiagnosed” cancers. They are found early when small and meet the sick criteria of cancer under a microscope, but grow slowly or never cause any symptoms.
Some people believe most cancers are caused by environmental carcinogens (致癌物). We now know cancer is primarily caused by naturally occurring mutations (变异) to DNA as we age. Cancers only became common in the early 1900s, as average lifespans in richer nations reached into the 50s.
We can’t entirely cure cancer. Nor can we entirely “cure” cancerphobia. But we must work to reduce the harm they both cause to our health and to society in general. Research into fighting cancer has come a long way. The work on our cancerphobia is just beginning.
41．What can be known about cancer in paragraph 1
A．Cancer puts rich people at greater risk.
B．Cancer spreads quickly throughout the world.
C．Cancer goes beyond the control of humans.
D．Cancer threatens people physically and mentally.
42．What does the author think of cancer screening
A．It is a double-edged sword.
B．It proves an effective measure.
C．It leaves patients with physical scars.
D．It sets the standard for early diagnosis.
43．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A．There’s no need to worry too much about cancer.
B．The environment has nothing to do with cancer.
C．People over fifty are certain to develop cancer.
D．Research on cancerphobia has made big progress.
44．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To reveal secrets.
B．To show sympathy.
C．To modernize beliefs.
D．To gain recognition.
（23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末）Fast food chains have tried for years to appeal to customers who care about their health. They have added lighter food to their menus, such as salads and yogurt. Of course, the lighter food goes with the usual burgers, fried chicken and shakes.
Menus have changed over the past three decades. According to a recent study, fast food menus are less healthy than they were 30 years ago. The study suggests the problem is getting worse. The fat, salt content and size of fast food meals are the problem. They are often the reason for the rising obesity (肥胖) rate among adults in the United States. The researchers found that the average main dish weighed more in 2016 than in 1986. It also had more calories and more sodium (钠). One expert said, “The restaurants have not done enough. The big picture is that there have been some positive changes, but they are small. Overall, the changes have gotten worse.”
The average fast food dessert had more calories in 2016. It also weighed more than the average fast food dessert thirty years earlier. Restaurants are counting on bigger sundaes and cookies to increase the amount spent on each order. For example, McDonald’s recently introduced “donut sticks” dusted with sugar. Six sticks have 280 calories. But you can also order 12 sticks for less than the cost of two single orders.
The researchers found that, over the 30 years, there were more calories in items like chips, soup, and French fries. Sodium content rose even though portion (一份) size did not grow much. When consumed together as a single meal, the study found that the average main dish and side order account for nearly 40 percent of a 2000-calory daily diet.
45．Why do fast food chains provide lighter food
A．To match the fast food. B．To reduce the cost of each meal.
C．To attract more customers. D．To improve the health of customers.
46．Why are more American adults getting fat
A．They have little time to exercise regularly.
B．They take in more calories from fast food.
C．They eat much more dessert after every meal.
D．They eat fast food more frequently than before.
47．What is the example of “donut sticks” for in paragraph 3
A．Showing the way of restaurants’ making cookies.
B．Presenting the popularity of restaurants’ new food.
C．Stressing the increase in restaurants’ food varieties.
D．Explaining the intention of restaurants’ adding dessert.
48．Which one could be the best title of the text
A．Fast Food Is Still Killing Us
B．Don’t Eat Any Fast Food Now
C．Try to Eat More Lighter Food
D．People Are Becoming Fatter and Fatter
（23-24高二下·江苏淮安·期末）A plant-based diet seems to be the best option for human health. A team led by medical doctor Angelo Capodici of the University of Bologna in Italy has found that humans eating vegetarian (素食的) diets tend to have measurably better health outcomes in several areas.
This does not mean that you should immediately excise meat from your diet, since the diet needs of individuals can vary significantly. What it does suggest is that making dietary changes might be a much more powerful tool for improving health outcomes, if it can be done safely.
Since diet is easy to change, Capodici and his colleagues (同事) wanted to take a closer look at the impact of plant-based eating on the risk of these diseases. They studied the data collected from 48 reviews between January 2000 and June 2023, and found that vegetarian diets were associated with better health status on a number of risk factors for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Overall, these plant-based diets were associated with better cholesterol (胆固醇) levels and blood sugar control, a lower risk of both cancer and heart disease compared to those of plant-and-meat eaters.
The team noted, though, that vegetarian pregnant (怀孕的) women did not show a significantly lower risk of high blood pressure. They were also careful not to draw conclusions about plant-based foods being the only cause of these health improvements.
It’s also worth noting that plant-based diets can result in vitamin and mineral shortage; and, of course, many different health conditions, such as allergies (过敏) require a careful, tailored approach to food. Because of these, the researchers caution against the large-scale adoption of plant-based diets. Rather, they say more targeted and more specific research should be conducted, in order to narrow down why these diets are positively correlated with better health.
49．What is the finding of the new research
A．Vegetarians are likely to have a healthier body.
B．Individual dietary needs do not affect health outcomes.
C．Humans should eat more vegetables to enjoy a longer life.
D．Plant-based diets have become more popular in recent years.
50．What does the underlined word “excise” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Remove. B．Obtain. C．Distinguish. D．Steal.
51．How did the team conduct the research
A．By giving reasons. B．By analysing data.
C．By listing examples. D．By making comparisons.
52．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Plant-based diets are an invitation to allergies among people.
B．Plant-based diets can make up for vitamin and mineral shortage.
C．Further researches should be focused on how to improve health.
D．Individual health needs should be considered before diet changes.
（23-24高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末）Handwriting in class seems outdated as digital technology has widely taken over learning. But a steady stream of research suggests that taking notes with pen and paper is still the best way to learn, especially for young children.
A study published in Frontiers in Psychology monitored brain activity in students taking notes and discovered that those writing by hand exhibited higher levels of electrical activity across many interconnected brain regions. The new findings suggest that while people type notes quickly without much thought, handwriting is slower and encourages active engagement with the material. This process helps students stay attentive and grasp new concepts more effectively.
To understand brain-activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, researchers fixed 256 electrodes (电极) into a hairnet to record the brain activity of 36 students as they wrote or typed words displayed on a screen. When students wrote by hand, the sensors detected widespread brain connectivity across visual regions, sensory processing areas, and the motor cortex (皮层) which is responsible for body movement and sensory-motor integration and helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action. Typing, however, showed minimal activity in these regions.
Sophia Vinci-Booher, a neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University, says that the recent study highlights the tie between motor action and conceptual recognition: “When writing a word, you’re using your motor system to create it. That creation is then fed back into the visual system and processed again, strengthening the action-word link.”
Yadurshana Sivashankar, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, notes that people are increasingly “off-loading” cognitive (认知的) tasks onto digital devices, such as by taking a photograph instead of committing information to memory. “If we’re not actively using these areas, then they are going to deteriorate over time, whether it’s memory or motor skills.”
Ultimately, Vinci-Booher says, “I think there’s a very strong case for engaging children in handwriting activities, especially when they’re first learning about letters. There’s something about involving the fine-motor system and production activities that really impacts learning.”
53．What is an advantage of taking notes by hand
A．It gets students more active in their life.
B．It improves students’ skills of body control.
C．It enables students to stay serious and cautious.
D．It enhances students’ conceptual understanding.
54．What aspects of the study does paragraph 3 focus on
A．The method and findings.
B．The analysis and suggestions.
C．The background and subjects.
D．The theoretical basis and applications.
55．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Develop. B．Expand.
C．Decline. D．Disappear.
56．Which of the following may Sophia Vinci-Booher agree with
A．Children should learn to write letters early.
B．The motor system is related to learning outcomes.
C．Handwriting activities are essential for children’s health.
D．The action-word tie depends mostly on the visual system.
（23-24高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末）Humans have been living together since... forever. But it’s only recently that the term co-living has started to appear everywhere. Co-living is a real estate (房地产) term that has been recently popularized by the rise of housing startups offering affordable housing in homes occupied by five or more adult roommates. These co-living spaces take many forms, including everything from single family homes repurposed to house non-related families, to floors in a high-rise building that have been transformed into dormitory-style accommodations.
According to the U. S. Census, the number of young people aged 18-34 living alone decreased by 10.3% from 2005 to 2015. Factors such as the 2008 housing crisis and student loan debt have made it more difficult for young people to afford their own apartments.
This trend is not unique to America. In Hong Kong, where the average living space per person is 160 square feet and 76% of adults aged 18-35 live at home with their parents, co-living is a popular alternative to living at home—and one that allows them to save money to buy their own home in one of the most expensive rental markets in the world. In London, competitive real estate markets make living alone financially unattainable for many.
Co-living spaces offer a safe, flexible shared housing option for single people living in. urban areas. They bring together like-minded people. Whether you’re moving to a new city, or busy with work, making friends as an adult can be hard. According to a 2019 survey, about 30% of Millennials “often” or “always” feel lonely. Co-living attempts to solve that problem by offering a built-in community of people who are open to sharing meals, hosting movie nights, and talking about each other’s days. With private bedrooms and shared living spaces, co-living homes allow you to socialize when you want to, and be alone when you don’t.
57．What does the term “co-living” generally refer to
A．Owning a single-family home. B．Living in a family-style building.
C．Occupying a room in an apartment. D．Sharing a living space with several others.
58．Why are Hong Kong and London mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To introduce a new trend in living. B．To explain why co-living is so popular.
C．To stress how important co-living is. D．To compare two different living styles.
59．We can learn from the last paragraph that co-living can help people ________.
A．build a sense of belonging B．enjoy financial freedom
C．keep a good work-life balance D．develop problem-solving skills
60．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Shared Spaces: Benefit of Co-living B．Co-living: a Housing Type on the Rise
C．Co-living: a Must for Young Adults D．Housing Reform: Co-living as a Solution
（23-24高二下·浙江·期末）For many in America, food waste is a way of life: a discarded (丢弃) apple here, a half-eaten dinner plate there. But just how much food do Americans waste, and why A new research casts light on the dirty little habit that squanders over 30 percent of the country’s food supply and costs $161.6 billion a year, a habit driven in part by fear of food poisoning and a desire to eat only the freshest foods.
When public health researchers from Johns Hopkins University surveyed Americans about their feelings on food waste, they found that “Americans are pretty picky about what gets to stay in their fridges.” The survey, which was conducted online and covered a nationally representative sample of 1,010 adults, asked questions about the things that motivate people to keep and throw out food from their fridges.
65 percent of respondents said they threw food out due to worries about food poisoning, while 60 percent said they only wanted to eat the freshest foods. A smaller amount (41 percent) reported that they composted (制堆肥) food, “so it doesn’t bother me.” Only 15 percent of respondents said they didn’t have time to prevent food waste.
On the other hand, respondents seemed relatively motivated to waste less food — but not for the reasons you might think. People were most motivated to reduce food waste due to desires to save money and manage their households efficiently. But regardless of the fact that food waste causes a significant environmental impact and only a small part of food waste is composted, less than half of respondents thought it was important to reduce food waste for environmental reasons.
Roni Neff, who leads the research, hopes the results will help educators, policymakers and businesses make changes — like highlighting the economic costs of food waste — that are actually likely to reduce waste. But perhaps the most effective strategy, writes Neff, could be clarifying messages about food safety and freshness so that Americans get less alarmed by the potential of food poisoning to begin with.
61．What does the underlined word “squanders” mean in the first paragraph
A．Wastes. B．Distributes.
C．Maintains. D．Produces.
62．What does the survey mainly focus on
A．Functions of fridges. B．Different eating habits.
C．Reasons for food waste. D．Public health conditions.
63．What motivated respondents most to cut down food waste
A．Enormous food waste. B．The desire to save money.
C．Environmental awareness. D．The need to compost food.
64．What does Neff suggest in the last paragraph
A．Pay more attention to food waste.
B．Ignore the potential of food poisoning.
C．Reduce the economic costs of food waste.
（23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）How could anyone dislike giving and receiving gifts A good gift can be totally life changing. Gifts are so meaningful that some people identify “receiving gifts” as their primary “love language”. Indeed, on the surface, gift-giving occasions seem like wonderful opportunities to experience and create delight. But according to a 2023 survey, gift-giving and receiving is actually the least popular love language overall.
The problem is that occasions that involve gift giving are full of uncertainty. If it’s an occasion like Christmas, where people are shopping for each other at the same time, people might still be nervous about whether the gift they give will be in the same category as the gift they will also receive. For instance, you don’t want to give someone a gag (恶作剧) gift when they’re giving you a sincere, heartfelt gift. Mismatched approaches to gift-giving are a common recipe for awkwardness.
There can also be enormous uncertainty around how your gift will be experienced by the receiver. Imagine that a close friend is showing some signs of seasonal affective disorder, and you’re giving him a therapy (疗法) lamp as a gift. True, he may very well be appreciative, indicating that this is “just what he needed.” But what if he interprets the gift as an unwelcome piece of commentary on his affective state One could imagine a reaction along the lines of “ Gosh, I’m sorry I’ve been so unpleasant to be around,” The message we send is not necessarily the same as the message received.
Worst of all, there’s the anxiety that comes with receiving gifts. If you are like me, you may have found yourself in a setting where you expect a lot of well-meaning but disappointing gifts are headed your way. There can be some fear that comes with knowing that you’ll soon need to perform joy and appreciation. Even worse, you might worry that the gift-giver will detect your insincerity, wounding them in the process.
It’s not all bad, of course. When done carefully, gift-giving can be a wonderful way to draw people closer together, in a lasting way.
65．Gift giving is full of uncertainty because________.
A．people prepare insincere gifts for others
B．the gifts they give are of the same category
C．mismatched gift-giving frequently happens
D．people shop for gifts for different occasions
66．An example of the therapy lamp is used to illustrate________.
A．trust can be earned through gift-giving
B．misunderstanding can arise from gift-giving
C．harmony can be achieved through gift-giving
D．depression can be a byproduct of gift-giving
67．What makes a gift-receiver most anxious
A．Expressing disappointment over the gifts.
B．Having pretended delight at the gifts uncovered.
C．Expecting well-intentioned gifts from friends.
D．Fearing to extend appreciation for the gifts.
68．What is the author’s attitude towards gift giving
A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Unclear. D．Objective.
（23-24高二下·四川成都·期末）A recent report from the United Nations group UNESCO warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. The report suggests that technology should be used less in schools, and that smartphones should be banned from classrooms.
The goal of the new report was to improve how technology is used in education. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost” the report says.
These days, it’s common for students to use computers or tablets. In many places, it’s normal for students to look up information on the internet rather than using books. UNESCO claims that technology changes so fast that it’s hard to study how it really affects students.
The new report says that many of the studies show that technology helps students coming from rich countries. As classes moved online during the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of technology in education grew even more quickly. Many students were forced to study at home, using video calls to communicate with their teachers. But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s one example of what UNESCO says is a larger problem—that the advantages of technology aren’t evenly shared. People and countries with less money are often left out.
UNESCO admits that technology can help in many ways. It can allow students to learn in ways that are more interesting and it can also help teachers explain difficult ideas. But UNESCO says technology can also be very perturbing. One study showed that when students use phones in class, it can interfere with their learning.
The report suggests that the best way to learn is still to work closely with teachers. Working with other classmates also helps students learn. UNESCO says that most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers.
69．Why does the report suggest using technology less in schools
A．It changes too fast for students to adapt.
B．It may not be as effective as initially thought.
C．Most countries cannot afford to invest in it.
D．It makes no difference to improving education.
70．Which word can best replace the underlined word “perturbing” in Para.5
A．Distracting. B．Confusing. C．Interesting. D．Frightening.
71．What does UNESCO suggest schools do
A．Explore innovative teaching methods.
B．Increase the expense on teaching staff.
C．Stress the importance of quality education.
D．Update technology and digital resources in time.
72．Which section is the passage probably taken from
A．Peace and Security B．Science and Technology
C．Culture and Education D．Economy and Development
（23-24高二下·湖北十堰·期末）In an era marked by globalization, there exist all kinds of cultural differences, leading to some cultural divides and misunderstandings. How to settle them Education is a way. Education is a powerful tool in bridging cultural divides and minimizing misunderstandings. In a world that is increasingly interconnected, educational systems play a key role in preparing individuals to handle and respect cultural diversity.
Multicultural education involves incorporating different cultural perspectives into the curriculum. This approach helps students understand and appreciate various cultural backgrounds, developing empathy (同理心) and respect. It also challenges stereotypes (刻板印象) and prejudices by presenting a more delicate view of different cultures.
Language education is also crucial. Beyond learning to communicate in different languages, language education provides insights into the way people think, behave and interact in different cultures. It opens doors to understanding slight differences in communication and cultural standards that are often tied to language.
Moreover, educational exchange programs are vital in promoting cultural understanding. By studying abroad or participating in exchange programs, students gain firsthand experience of other cultures, which helps break down barriers and build intercultural competence — the ability to handle and respect cultural differences effectively.
Digital technology also plays a role in cultural education. Online platforms and virtual exchanges offer opportunities for students to interact with peers (同龄人) from around the world, pushing cross-cultural dialogue and understanding. These platforms can be particularly effective in reaching a wider audience and going beyond geographical limitations.
In an ever-interconnected world, the importance of understanding and bridging cultural differences cannot be overstated. The journey towards bridging cultural gaps begins with awareness and respect. Recognizing that our ways of seeing the world are not universal, but rather one perspective among many, is the first step. This does not mean wakening our cultural identity but expanding our understanding to appreciate the cultural identities of others. It involves listening with an intention to understand, not just to respond, and adapting our communication styles and expectations to suit diverse settings.
73．How can education help in a globalized world according to the text
A．By removing language barriers. B．By promoting economic growth.
C．By increasing technological advancements. D．By developing empathy and understanding.
74．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about language education
A．Its importance. B．Its origin. C．Its programs. D．Its standards.
75．How do digital technologies contribute to cultural education
A．They replace traditional methods of teaching.
B．They limit students’ interaction with negative peers.
C．They broaden students’ access to cultural knowledge.
D．They merely focus on promoting local cultural content.
76．What does the author think is the primary action to bridge cultural gaps
A．Enhancing mutual respect. B．Ignoring cultural differences.
C．Wakening one’s own culture. D．Rejecting other cultural views.
（23-24高二下·浙江金华·期末）Free-riding means people can benefit from a service without paying anything. It also arises if people can get benefit without making equal contributions. So a free rider always enjoys the benefits of a resource or service while letting someone else do the work or do more work.
There are several effects of the free rider problem. The first is the Tragedy (悲剧) of the Commons, a situation in which individuals with access to a public resource act in their own interest and, in doing so, finally use up the resource. For example, imagine that a group of people share a piece of land where they all graze (让……吃草) their cattle. If each person just tries to maximize their own short-term gain, they will let their cattle graze as much as possible. However, if everyone does this, the land will quickly become overgrazed and will not be able to support any cattle.
Another effect is that the free rider problem can lead to a situation in which people do not have access to important goods and services. This is because providers may not be able to get back the costs of providing the goods or services if too many people free ride. Imagine that a city decides to build a new hospital through donations. If too many people rely on others to donate, rather than donate themselves, then the hospital may not be built at all. This means that people who need medical care in the area may not have access to it.
There are several solutions to the free rider problem. Government addresses the problem by collecting tax dollars to support public services. Theoretically, taxes are related to income, so fair cost-sharing can be munities can turn their public resource into a private or club resource, charging fees to make sure everyone who
