上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷总分：120分）
一、语法填空（本大题共10小题，共15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the passing of 2018 and Spring Festival, we 1 (start) a new important year already.
This year is one of the final stepping stones to becoming a 2 (moderate) prosperous society in 2020. Meanwhile, 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. To prepare for 2019, the government made 3 (it) economic agenda (事项) clear at the Central Economic Work Conference, 4 (attend) by the country’s leaders in Beijing in December.
Great attention will keep on 5 (pay) to China’s growth performance in 2019. To meet the target of doubling 2010 GDP by the end of 2020, it needs to average about 6.3 percent this year and next.
Meanwhile, China will host the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in April. At this event, the Belt and Road Initiative, 6 has huge potential to drive economic growth, will take greater shape.
This year is also likely to pave the way for a number of technological 7 (advance). China is expected to roll out 5G, the next generation of 8 (wire) technology, next year. It’s up to 100 times faster 9 the current 4G technology.
It will be a year for China to reflect 10 its past and future direction,
二、选词填空（本大题共10小题，共10分）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
（A）
A．source B．steep C． irrelevant D．moderate E. regrow F. documented G. motivated H. equivalent I. comparatively J. adapt K. constantly
Adventure of a Lifetime
I was driving with a friend recently and telling him about a new book I’m working on, an article I'm writing and this new hobby of adventure motorcycling in the desert.
He interrupted me and said, “How do you stay so 11 about things ” I hadn’t really considered the “why” behind my list of activities. But as I thought about it, I realized that the one aspect each of these projects had to make me so excited was the feeling of being in just a little over my head.
It’s easy to wonder how doing stuff that makes you uncomfortable, and might not even work, is a（n） 12 of motivation. I could not get my friend’s question out of my head and wondered whether I'm wired differently. But there’s something about a sink-or-swim environment that excites me.
I posted on Instagram about 13 getting in a little over my head, and my friend Dallas Hartwig told me about this concept called hormesis, a phenomenon by which something that could significantly damage or even kill you in high doses can make you stronger in low doses, or as the National Institutes of Health puts it, an adaptive response of cells and organisms to a（n） 14 stress. What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger is not a new concept. It’s well 15 that the way to grow muscle is to split the muscle tissue, and then give it time to 16 .
So what if we did the same thing in other areas of our lives It makes sense that the business 17 of building muscle is trying new things. When you throw yourself into the deep end of something new, you often face a（n） 18 learning curve. That forces you to grow, 19 , change and develop your skill set. It’s almost 20 if the particular project ends up succeeding, because the very act of taking on something new helps you become better at your work over all.
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共30分）
When my little sister Indi turned six, she started 21 my every move. She would repeat whatever I said or did, which got me annoyed.
One afternoon my friend Mareya and I were making bracelets(手链).“What are you doing ”Indi asked, 22 down next to us at the table. “May I make one too ”I 23 but Mareya said yes. Indi squeezed(挤)in so 24 to me that I could hardly see(what I was doing. I asked her to give me more 25 but she said she was trying to see my move clearly. “You don’t have to see what I’m doing. You can make your own design!” I told her in a(n) 26 voice. “I can!” she said. But she was still using 27 the same thing as I was using.
Later, Mareya suggested playing the guitar. I didn’t want Indi to 28 me so we went to the backyard. 29 ten minutes later, Indi turned up “you are always following me, and I’m 30 it!” As soon as those words came out of my mouth, I wished I had never said them. Indi was surprised and her eyes started filling up with 31 She ran away 32 I could say another word.
I disliked the shadow(影子)that didn’t belong to me，but I also felt 33 about what I said.“It’s worth trying to 34 the why you see the situation. She acts like your shadow because she looks up to you.” Mareya said to me.
Now I still remember Mareya’s words and feel less upset about Indi’s behavior. Anyway, she should be treated with 35 and kindness.
21．A．correcting B．copying C．admiring D．inspiring
22．A．putting B．writing C．sitting D．looking
23．A．refused B．waited C．accepted D．asked
24．A．well B．much C．apart D．close
25．A．room B．freedom C．options D．opinions
26．A．nervous B．impatient C．excited. D．curious
27．A．gradually B．finally C．exactly D．hardly
28．A．support B．surprise C．follow D．recognize
29．A．But B．So C．Or D．Until
30．A．proud of B．impressed with C．unfamiliar with D．tired of
31．A．tears B．life C．trust D．joy
32．A．if B．though C．before D．since
33．A．positive B．sorry C．powerful D．confused
34．A．understand B．challenge C．learn D．change
35．A．confidence B．humor C．anger D．respect
四、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30分）
Over the past 20 years, mandatory (强制的) community service policies have come to many U. S. high schools. Many states and districts have their own regulations. Some schools require students to complete 75 to 100 hours of community service to graduate. Other school officials allow youth to receive course credits. But school districts struggle to find the best approach to bringing a real-world aspect to learning.
Mandatory community service programs were implemented to help connect youth to others and to teach them how to contribute to their community. However, the idea of mandatory community service has been the source of controversy (争议). Parents and students have filed lawsuits challenging the legality of mandatory service policies. Supporters of this view argue that mandating community service will lead youth to believe that they should only help others when they receive an immediate benefit in return, and thus ultimately discourage volunteering later in life. But legal scholars have concluded that mandating community service is legally permissible.
Does mandatory service undermine (削弱) motivation to participate in voluntary service Most research either has found that mandatory service is linked with heightened intention to engage in future volunteering or has not found links between mandatory service and intention to volunteer. The result may seem contradictory to other developmental theory that stresses the importance of autonomy for personal motivation and healthy development. One possibility is that mandatory service may prevent intention to engage in future service if youth reflect on their experience and do not find any value in participation other than to finish the mandate.
Service experiences greatly vary, and the level of enjoyment or meaning youth get from their service may be tied to the type of activity they perform. Volunteer experiences that provide teenagers with an opportunity to grow, to make friends, to reflect on social problems, and to develop a sense of purpose provide them with greater benefits (including greater intention to volunteer in the future) compared to those without these opportunities. Thus, mandated service that involves organizational tasks (e.g., clearing floors, filing papers) and other types of activities that do not provide youth with high-quality experiences, may not be serving their purpose. That is to say, the focus of parents, teachers, and school officials should be on how to organize high-quality service activities.
36．What do we know about mandatory community service policies
A．They have a long history. B．Communities require the policies.
C．Schools practice them differently. D．Schools know the best way to adopt them.
37．Why do some people disagree with providing mandatory community service
A．It may cause a misunderstanding of the value of volunteering.
B．It may make students value money instead of serving.
C．I may waste students’ learning time.
D．It may be in a sense against the law.
38．What can we learn from most research mentioned in paragraph 3
A．Motivation in mandatory service is a key factor.
B．Developmental theory may be in favor of mandatory service.
C．People may get different feelings from the same service experience.
D．Little evidence shows mandatory service discourages future volunteering.
39．Which of the following might the author agree with
A．Mandatory service discourages motivation. B．Required service can be both good and bad.
C．The quality of service activities is important. D．Volunteering should be a must for graduation.
Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins with “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be understood as follows: once we have learned something, additional learning practice increases the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practise such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood stories such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfying way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.
40．What is the main idea of paragraph 1
A．Stories for children are easy to remember.
B．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
C．Children have a better memory than grown- ups.
D．People remember well what they learned in childhood.
41．The writer explains the law of overlearning by ________.
A．using examples B．setting down general rules
C．making a comparison D．showing research findings
42．What is the writer’s opinion on cramming
A．It’s helpful only in some ways. B．It leads to failure in college exams.
C．It’s possible to result in poor memory. D．It increases students’ learning interest.
The psychological term, valence weighting bias, describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes, or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behavior.
Studies led by Russell Fazio and Javier Granados from Ohio State University found links between a negative-leaning attitude and procrastination (拖延) and that it’s possible to shift the weighting bias and reverse the tendency to delay a task.
In the study, 147 college students participated in a program allowing them to accumulate course credits for engaging in a research. Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated starting. The study also explored whether students’ measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviors: How students characterized their level of motivation about the research program, and if that affected whether students got an early start. Results showed the combination of negative weighting bias and self-reported low motivation for self-control was linked to students putting off research program participation by getting started later in the semester.
Then the students in the program who were self-reported procrastinators and who scored high for negative weighting bias were asked to join in another study. Researchers then inspired one group in a way that led participants to weigh positive and negative signals in a more balanced way. This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay. “If somebody is more motivated and able to think more about it, that might bring other considerations that weaken the influence of the valence weighting bias,” researchers said.
Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behavior, though. These researchers have also found evidence that a negative weighting bias may help people be more realistic when they’re asking themselves, “Have I studied enough for this test ” “It’s better to be more objectively balanced than to be at either extreme,” Fazio said. “But the situation where a particular valence weighting bias is likely to be problematic is going to vary.”
43．What can we know about valence weighting bias
A．It is used in modern technology. B．It influences people’s mental health.
C．It directs what people do variously. D．It leads to delays in carrying out tasks.
44．Students in the first study would start participating earlier if they ________.
A．suffered from valence weighting bias B．drew more strongly from positivity
C．thought poorly of their self-discipline D．considered themselves lack of motivation
45．What does the experiment in paragraph 4 indicate
A．High scores lead to more consideration.
B．Negative weighting bias can be reversed.
C．Participants need professional knowledge.
D．Measuring properly is of vital importance.
46．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph
A．Negative weighting bias can be beneficial.
B．People need to strive to be positive at any time.
C．Positive people tend to make random decisions.
D．Valence weighting bias applies to different situations.
Antarctic Tourism: Should We Just Say No
More people are visiting Antarctic, the frozen continent than ever before. 47 This has brought a new urgency to the question of how much, if any, tourism should be allowed on the icy continent.
The distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem. 48 One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow, due largely to emissions from vacation ships.
49 The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent, operates on a consultative basis, which means all 56 parties have to agree before a change can be put into action. The last major decision on tourism was a measure passed in 2009 that prohibits vacation ships carrying more than 500 passengers from making landings. That regulation has still not officially been carried out as not every signatory country has accepted it domestically.
There is clear agreement that something needs to change, but no agreement on what those changes should be. 50
A．The number of visitors hit 100,000 for the first time this tourist season, a 40% jump over the previous record.
B．The Antarctic is at risk not just because of the breakability of its environment, but due to the lack of a single governing body.
C．Should landings be made at a larger number of sites for instance, or should we aim to keep the human footprint as small as possible
D．If what you really want is to connect with snow and ice and you’re in the northern half, can you catch a train to the nearest snow region instead
E．The average per-person carbon emissions for an Antarctic tourist are 3.76 tonnes – about the total sum that an individual typically generates in an entire year.
F．There is so little regulation now that almost anything that will protect the areas by an official legal source rather than self-regulated would be really positive.
五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20分）
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
AI reads brain activity to tell which bit of a movie you are watching
Movie characters and locations can be deciphered (破译) by monitoring the activity of people’s neurons (神经元) while they watch a film, a discovery that could help us understand how the brain stores memories as they are being made.
A deep brain structure called the hippocampus (海马体) contains neurons that encode the identity of objects, such as tools or buildings. The cells involved then respond to stimuli depicting those objects. But a lot of our knowledge about this comes from studying people while they view isolated images, rather than responding to changing scenes.
To learn more, Franziska Gerken at the Technical University of Munich in Germany and her colleagues turned to 29 people who had electrodes implanted into their brains.
The researchers used this opportunity to record the activity of about 2300 neurons in and around each individual’s hippocampus while they watched the film Days of Summer. Gerken and her colleagues then used an artificial intelligence model to analyse how these neural responses differed according to specific features of the film, such as characters and locations, and visual categories, like scene transitions.
When the participants rewatched the film, the researchers could tell which content people were viewing by looking at the neuronal responses.
The neurons in all the regions in and around the hippocampus responded to the film’s features and visual categories, but activity in some regions reflected these more than others. For example, the activity of visually responsive neurons in a region known as the parahippocampal gyrus was linked to scene transitions and locations, while the activity of cells in an adjacent region called the amygdala (杏仁核) became activated with the presence of the film’s main characters.
Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester in the UK says the results are “very solid” and “a good step forwards to understanding how the memory system functions in real-life situations”.
“Neuroscience is full of experiments that are far from real-life memory functioning, so it’s valuable to analyse single neuron responses to different movie characters and scenes to disentangle the contribution of different neuron populations to encoding and storing real memories,” he says.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、翻译（本大题共4小题，共12分）
52．The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. （英译汉）
53．In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad.（英译汉）
54．这家餐馆是一个我们可以给爸爸举行生日聚会的完美地方。(汉译英)
55．如果我们不作出更多的努力，大量的野生动物将处境危险。(in danger) (汉译英)
七、书信写作（本大题共1小题，共25分）
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
亲爱的同学，你成为光荣的复兴人已有两个多月了。在这段时间里你一定会对我们的校园有很多新的发现，新的体验。请描述一下这些日子里，你最喜欢去的校园一角，并说明理由。文章内容包括：
1. 具体描述学校的某个场馆、教室或某处的景观布置；
2. 结合亲身经历，说明你喜欢的理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B C A D A B C C A D
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A C B D D C A D C D
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 A A C B B A A E B C
1．have started 2．moderately 3．its 4．attended 5．being paid 6．which 7．advances 8．wireless 9．than 10．on
【分析】这是一篇说明文。今年是中国在2020年成为一个适度繁荣社会的最后一步。文章主要叙述了2019年将是中国反思过去和未来方向的一年
1．考查动词时态。根据下文already可知本句应用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填have started。
2．考查副词。prosperous为形容词，需要副词修饰，故填moderately。
3．考查物主代词。句意：为迎接2019年，政府在中央经济工作会议上明确了其经济议程。agenda为名词，需要形容词修饰，故此处填形容词性物主代词its。
4．考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语且句中没有连词，故attend只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填过去分词attended。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年中国经济增长将继续受到高度关注。keep on doing sth.后跟动名词做宾语，且pay与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填being paid。
6．考查连接词。届时，具有巨大经济增长潜力的“一带一路”倡议将进一步成形。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词the Belt and Road Initiative且先行词在从句中做主语，故填which。
7．考查名词的数。advance为可数名词，且被a number of修饰，故应用复数形式advances。
8．考查形容词。句意：预计中国明年将推出下一代无线技术5G。根据句意此处需要wire的形容词形式wireless。
9．考查连词。根据上文faster可知此处应用than，表示两者之间的比较。
10．考查介词。短语reflect on“反应”后跟介词on。
11．G 12．A 13．K 14．D 15．F 16．E 17．H 18．B 19．J 20．C
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者在文章中探讨了为什么有的人总是干劲儿十足。
11．考查形容词。句意：他打断我说:“你是怎么对事情保持如此积极的 ”根据“make me so excited”以及“motivation”可知，这是让我感到兴奋、积极的，stay后用形容词，motivated表示“积极的”。故选G。
12．考查名词。句意：我们很容易想知道，做一些让你不舒服的事情，甚至可能行不通的事情，怎么会是动力的源泉 冠词后用名词， source 表示“来源”。故选A。
13．考查副词。句意：我在Instagram上发布说要不断让自己挑战困难。副词修饰动词， constantly表示“不断”。故选K。
14．考查形容词。句意：或者用国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的话来说，“在生物和医学领域，毒物兴奋效应被定义为，细胞和生物对中等强度(通常是间歇性的)压力的适应性反应。”形容词做定语，moderate 表示“中等的”。故选D。
15．考查过去分词。句意：有充分的证据表明，肌肉生长的方法是分裂肌肉组织，然后给它时间重新生长。is后用过去分词，documented表示“被记录”。故选F。
16．考查动词。句意：有充分的证据表明，肌肉生长的方法是分裂肌肉组织，然后给它时间重新生长。不定式后用动词原形，regrow表示“再生”。故选E。
17．考查形容词。句意：那么，在商业领域，尝试新事物就相当于锻炼肌肉，这是有道理的。形容词作定语，equivalent表示“等效”。故选H。
18．考查形容词。句意：当你全身心投入新事物时，你经常会面临一个陡峭的学习曲线。形容词作定语，steep表示“陡峭的”。故选B。
19．考查动词。句意：这迫使你成长、适应、改变和发展你的技能。force somebody to do表示“迫使某人做某事”。and并列动词，adapt表示“适应”。故选J。
20．考查形容词。句意：如果某个项目最终成功了，这几乎是无关紧要的，因为接受新事物的行为会帮助你在工作中变得更好。be动词后用形容词，irrelevant 表示“无关紧要的”。故选C。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．D
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者开始的时候讲述她的妹妹从6岁的时候开始模仿作者的每一个动作，这导致她很烦她的妹妹。可是她的朋友说，她的妹妹之所以模仿她，是因为妹妹仰慕她。意识到这一点，她很是羞愧。最后，她懂得了，她的妹妹也应该被尊重、被善待。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的妹妹从6岁的时候，她开始模仿我的每一个动作。A. correcting纠正；B. copying拷贝，复制；C. admiring羡慕；D. inspiring鼓舞。根据下一句“She would repeat whatever I said or did（妹妹经常复制她说的话和做的事情）”可知，妹妹经常复制她说的话和做的事情。意思就是模仿作者的行为。故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Indi问：“你们在干什么？”，挨着我就在桌子边坐下来了。A. putting放置；B. writing写；C. sitting坐；D. looking看。根据这句话中的“next to us at the table（挨着我们在桌子边）”可知，作者她们是在桌子边坐着的。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拒绝了，但是我的朋友Mareya却同意了。A. refused拒绝；B. waited等待；C. accepted接受；D. asked问。根据这句话里的“but Mareya said yes（Mareya同意了）”可知，上下文是转折关系，Mareya同意了，所以我就是拒绝。故选A项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Indi挤进来离我如此的近，以至于我都几乎看不到我在做什么了。A. well好的；B. much多的；C. apart分开的；D. close近的。根据这句话里的“I could hardly see what I was doing（我几乎看不到自己在做什么）”可知，妹妹应该是离我很近才导致我几乎看不到自己在做什么。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要求她给我一些空间，但是她却说她要看清楚我的每一个动作。A. room房间，空间；B. freedom自由；C. options选择；D. opinions观点。根据上一句“Indi squeezed(挤)in so to me that I could hardly see what I was doing（Indi挤进来离我如此的近，以至于我都几乎看不到我在做什么了）”妹妹离我太近可知，接下来，我要要求妹妹离我远点，即给我一些空间。故选A项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我用不耐烦地声音跟她说：“你没有必要看清我在干嘛。你可以自己设计”A. nervous紧张的；B. impatient没有耐心的；C. excited兴奋的；D. curious好奇的。根据上一句“I asked her to give me more 5 but she said she was trying to see my move clearly（我要求她给我一些空间，但是她却说她要看清楚我的每一个动作）.”可知，作者不喜欢妹妹，所以跟她说话的时候，应该是不耐烦的语气。故选B项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，她仍然用跟我的完全一样的东西。A. gradually渐渐地；B. finally最后；C. exactly精确地；D. hardly几乎不。根据这句话的“But（但是）”可知，虽然妹妹说她可以自己设计，但是还是用跟我的完全一样的东西。这样，上下文正好构成转折关系。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想妹妹跟着我，所以我们去了后院。A. support支持；B. surprise使吃惊；C. follow跟随；D. recognize认出。根据上一段 “I asked her to give me more 5 （我要求她给我一些空间）”的描述可知，作者不喜欢妹妹模仿她。所以，当朋友提出弹吉他的时候，她不愿意妹妹跟着。故选C项。
29．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是，10分钟之后，Indi还是出现了。A. But但是；B. So因此；C. Or或者，否则；D. Until直到。上一句“I didn't want Indi to 8 me so we went to the backyard（我不想妹妹跟着我，所以我们去了后院。）”意思是作者不想妹妹跟着，而这一句“ 9 ten minutes later,Indi turned up（但是，10分钟之后，Indi还是出现了）” 10分钟之后，Indi还是出现了。可知，上下文是转折关系。故选A项。
30．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：你总是跟着我，很讨厌！A. proud of以……骄傲；B. impressed with对……有印象；C. unfamiliar with对……不熟悉；D. tired of厌烦。根据这句话的结构，现在进行时和always连用时，表示特殊的感彩，可知，这里是作者对妹妹跟着她这件事忍无可忍时说的话，应该是说她讨厌妹妹的行为。故选D项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Indi 很吃惊，她的眼中开始溢满泪水。A. tears眼泪；B. life生活，生命；C. trust信任；D. joy快乐。根据上句“you are always following me, and I’m it!（你总是跟着我，很讨厌！） ”可知作者对妹妹说她讨厌妹妹，这肯定让妹妹很伤心，所以哭了。故选A项。
32．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我还没来得及说其它的话，她就跑开了。A. if如果；B. though虽然；C. before在……之前；D. since自从，既然。根据上一句话“Indi was surprised and her eyes started filling up with 11 （Indi 很吃惊，她的眼中开始溢满泪水）”妹妹很伤心和这句话的结构可知，妹妹应该是在作者说其它的话之前跑开的。故选C项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不喜欢不属于我的影子，但我也为我说的话感到抱歉。A. positive积极的；B. sorry抱歉的；C. powerful强大的；D. confused困惑的。根据这句话里的“but（但是）”可知，上下文是转折的关系，所以，作者虽然不喜欢不属于她的影子，但也为她对妹妹说的话感到抱歉。故选B项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你改变一下你看待这种情况的方式也是值得的。A. understand理解；B. challenge挑战；C. learn学习；D. change改变。根据下一句“She acts like your shadow because she looks up to you（她像你的影子，因为她尊敬你）”可知，妹妹模仿她是因为仰慕她，所以，朋友劝说作者改变一下看待这件事情的态度。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，她也应该被尊重、被善待。A. confidence自信；B. humor幽默；C. anger生气；D. respect尊重。根据上句话“Now I still remember Mareya's words and feel less bothered by Indi's behavior（现在我仍然记得玛瑞娅的话，对英迪的行为感到不那么烦恼了）”可知，作者对她妹妹的行为不再觉得那么的烦了，所以就意识到她的妹妹也应该被尊重、被善待。故选D项。
36．C 37．A 38．D 39．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国高中阶段的强制性社区服务。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many states and districts have their own regulations. Some schools require students to complete 75 to 100 hours of community service to graduate. Other school officials allow youth to receive course credits. But school districts struggle to find the best approach to bringing a real-world aspect to learning. (许多州和地区都有自己的规定。一些学校要求学生完成75到100小时的社区服务才能毕业。其他学校官员允许青少年获得课程学分。但各学区都在努力寻找将现实世界的一面融入学习的最佳方法。)”可知，强制性社区服务政策，学校的做法各不相同。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“Supporters of this view argue that mandating community service will lead youth to believe that they should only help others when they receive an immediate benefit in return, and thus ultimately discourage volunteering later in life. (支持这一观点的人认为，强制社区服务会导致年轻人认为，他们只应该在获得即时回报的情况下帮助他人，从而最终阻碍他们以后的志愿服务。)”可知，有些人不同意提供强制性社区服务，是因为这可能会引起对志愿服务价值的误解。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most research either has found that mandatory service is linked with heightened intention to engage in future volunteering or has not found links between mandatory service and intention to volunteer. (大多数研究要么发现强制服务与未来志愿服务意愿的增强有关，要么没有发现强制服务与志愿服务意愿之间的联系。)”可知，几乎没有证据表明强制服务会阻碍未来的志愿服务。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That is to say, the focus of parents, teachers, and school officials should be on how to organize high-quality service activities. (也就是说，如何组织高质量的服务活动，应该是家长、教师和学校官员的重点。)”可推断，作者认为服务活动的质量很重要。故选C。
40．D 41．A 42．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述过度学习法则有利于增加我们记忆的时间。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins with “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. (成年人经常惊讶于他们对小时候学过但从未练习过的东西的记忆有多好。一个多年没有机会去游泳的人，当他回到水中时，仍然可以游得和以前一样好。多年后，他可以骑自行车离开。他和儿子一样能接球和击球。一位多年没想过这些词的母亲可以教女儿一首以‘一闪一闪，小星星’开头的诗，或者记住《灰姑娘》或《金发姑娘和三只熊》的故事。)”可知，第一段主要讲述人们很清楚地记得他们在童年学到的东西。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据第二段“One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be understood as follows: once we have learned something, additional learning practice increases the length of time we will remember it. (一种解释是过度学习法则，可以理解为：一旦我们学到了一些东西，额外的学习练习会增加我们记住它的时间。)”和第三段“In childhood we usually continue to practise such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood stories such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. (在童年时期，我们通常会在学习游泳、骑自行车和打棒球等技能很久之后继续练习。我们继续倾听并提醒自己‘一闪，一闪，小星星’等词语和灰姑娘、金发姑娘等童年故事。我们不仅学习，而且过度学习。)”可知，作者利用举例子的方式来阐述过度学习法则。故选A。
42．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfying way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development. (过度学习定律解释了为什么为考试而突击学习，尽管可能会导致及格，但并不是学习大学课程的一种令人满意的方式。通过突击学习，学生可能会把这门课学得足够好，以通过考试，但他很可能很快就会忘记他学到的几乎所有东西。另一方面，一个人的未来发展确实需要一点过度学习。)”可知，作者认为突击学习只是在考前有用。故选A。
43．C 44．B 45．B 46．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了效价权重偏差（valence weighting bias），即个人倾向于积极还是消极态度来适应新环境或者新的工作任务，为解释拖延任务行为提供了新角度。俄亥俄州立大学的Russell Fazio和Javier Granados领导的研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系，并且有可能改变权重偏差，逆转拖延任务的趋势。
43．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“The psychological term, valence weighting bias, describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes, or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behavior. (心理学术语“效价加权偏差”描述了人们在新环境中的适应倾向，通过更强烈地从他们的积极或消极态度中汲取经验，或者更确切地说，无论是消极还是积极的内部“信号”在指导人们的最终行为方面都具有最大的影响力)”可知，效价权重偏差指导人们做各种各样的事情。故选C。
44．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated starting. The study also explored whether students’ measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviors: How students characterized their level of motivation about the research program, and if that affected whether students got an early start. (那些认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人拖延了开始。该研究还探讨了学生的自我控制措施是否影响任务相关行为：学生如何表征他们对研究项目的动机水平，以及这是否影响学生是否提前开始。)”可知，认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人是消极的，这些人参与就晚，因此可推理，认为这是一件好的事情的人就会早参与。因此，在第一项研究中，如果学生们更加积极乐观，他们会更早开始参与。故选B。
45．推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay. (这种转变导致学生比负权重偏差和低自制力可靠地预测其延迟的那组学生更快地积累学分)”可知，第四段中的实验说明负权重偏差可以逆转。故选B。
46．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behavior, though. (然而，负权重偏见可能对行为产生积极影响。)”可知，最后一段传达的信息是负权重偏差可能是有益的。故选A。
47．A 48．E 49．B 50．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了南极旅游正在变得流行，但也引发了环境问题。
47．根据上文“More people are visiting Antarctic, the frozen continent than ever before.(比以往任何时候都有更多的人去南极这个冰冻的大陆旅游)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明去南极旅游的情况。故A选项“本旅游季游客人数首次突破10万人，比之前的纪录高出40%”符合语境，故选A。
48．根据上文“The distance most visitors travel to reach Antarctica makes carbon emissions a serious problem.(大多数游客前往南极洲的距离使碳排放成为一个严重的问题)”以及后文“One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow, due largely to emissions from vacation ships.(一项研究计算出，2016年至2020年期间，每位游客实际上融化了约83吨雪，这主要是由于度假船的排放)”可知，本句主要说明游客导致的环境问题，故E选项“南极游客的人均碳排放量为3.76吨——大约是一个人一整年的碳排放总量”符合语境，故选E。
49．根据本段内容“The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent, operates on a consultative basis, which means all 56 parties have to agree before a change can be put into action. The last major decision on tourism was a measure passed in 2009 that prohibits vacation ships carrying more than 500 passengers from making landings. That regulation has still not officially been carried out as not every signatory country has accepted it domestically.(1961年为管理南极大陆而建立的《南极条约》是在协商的基础上运作的，这意味着必须得到所有56个缔约国的同意，才能将改变付诸行动。上一次有关旅游业的重大决定是2009年通过的一项措施，禁止载有500名以上乘客的度假船靠岸。由于并非每个签署国都在国内接受了该规定，因此该规定尚未正式执行)”可知，本段主要介绍了南极的管理存在的问题。故B选项“南极处于危险之中，不仅是因为其环境的脆弱性，还因为缺乏一个单一的管理机构”符合语境，故选B。
50．根据上文“There is clear agreement that something needs to change, but no agreement on what those changes should be.(大家一致认为有些事情需要改变，但对于这些改变应该是什么却没有一致意见)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，举例说明如何保护南极环境。故C选项“例如，我们应该在更多的地点着陆，还是应该尽可能地减少人类的足迹？”符合语境，故选C。
51．
This article reports a discovery that movie characters and locations can be decoded by monitoring brain neuron activity during film viewing, shedding light on memory storage mechanisms. It explains this through a study where researchers analyzed neuronal responses of participants watching a movie, using AI to link specific neural activities to film features, demonstrating real-life application of neuroscience.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章报道了一项发现，电影人物和地点可以通过在观看电影时监测大脑神经元的活动来解码，从而揭示记忆存储机制。研究人员通过分析观看电影的参与者的神经反应，利用人工智能将特定的神经活动与电影特征联系起来，展示了神经科学在现实生活中的应用。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Movie characters and locations can be deciphered (破译) by monitoring the activity of people’s neurons (神经元) while they watch a film, a discovery that could help us understand how the brain stores memories as they are being made.
②The researchers used this opportunity to record the activity of about 2300 neurons in and around each individual’s hippocampus while they watched the film Days of Summer.
③Gerken and her colleagues then used an artificial intelligence model to analyse how these neural responses differed according to specific features of the film, such as characters and locations, and visual categories, like scene transitions.
④Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester in the UK says the results are “very solid” and “a good step forwards to understanding how the memory system functions in real-life situations”.
2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行重组，将2、3、4三个要点进行整合。将总结性语句放在文章最后。
3.遣词造句
This article reports a discovery that movie characters and locations can be decoded by monitoring brain neuron activity during film viewing, shedding light on memory storage mechanisms.
It explains this through a study where researchers analyzed neuronal responses of participants watching a movie, using AI to link specific neural activities to film features, demonstrating real-life application of neuroscience.
52．直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。
【详解】考查句子结构。主语“The development of Western art”意为“西方艺术的发展”，谓语slowed意为“缓慢”，介词until意为“直到”，其宾语“the invention of photography in the mid-19th century”意为“19世纪中叶摄影术发明”。故翻译为：直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。
53．过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。
【详解】考查句型。分析句子可知，这是考查there be句型。In the past few decades“在过去的几十年”是介词短语做时间状语，there has been“已经有”是there be句型的现在完成时结构，a dramatic increase“急剧增加”是名词做主语，in the number of people“在人的数量上”是介词短语做后置定语，studying abroad“在国外学习”是现在分词短语做后置定语。故翻译为：过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。
54．This restaurant is a perfect place where we can hold a birthday party for Dad.
【详解】考查定语从句和短语。主语为This restaurant；表示“是一个完美地方”应用be a perfect place，后跟where引导的定语从句；从句主语为we；表示“给爸爸举行生日聚会”翻译为hold a birthday party for Dad，can后跟动词原形。为一般现在时。故翻译为This restaurant is a perfect place where we can hold a birthday party for Dad.
55．If we make no more efforts, a large number of wild animals will be in danger.
【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为if引导的条件状语从句，主语为we；表示“不作出更多的努力”短语为make no more efforts；表示“大量的野生动物”主语为a large number of wild animals；表示“处境危险”短语为be in danger。此处为“主将从现”。故翻译为If we make no more efforts, a large number of wild animals will be in danger.
56．In the past two months, I paid a visit to almost every corner of the campus. There are many interesting paces to hang around with friends, but my favorite is our library.
The library is a remarkable building located in the center of the campus. It is a three-storey building with modern appearance and convenient facilities. On the ground floor there is a grand hall in the middle of the library. A wide range of art works are displayed here. School staff and students can enjoy reading on the second and the third floors where there are lots of bookshelves and many comfortable sofas.
The library is designed to be the destination for all, especially for me, because I am a book lover. With its central heating and air cleaning systems, I can have a great time roaming in the world of books, which is the reason why I adore it so much.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于记叙文，要求考生描述学校里自己最喜欢去的某个场馆、教室或某处的景观布置，并说明你喜欢的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参观，访问：pay a visit to → visit
引人注目的：remarkable → extraordinary/excellent
舒适的：comfortable → cosy
非常喜欢：adore → like/love
2.句式拓展
原句：On the ground floor there is a grand hall in the middle of the library. A wide range of art works are displayed here.
拓展句：On the ground floor there is a grand hall in the middle of the library, where a wide range of art works are displayed.
