Unit 4 Exploring poetry Extended reading & Project—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.Despite her eighty years, Elsie was full of _______(vital).
2.The first time I saw Jenny, she _____(talk) to some students at the English Corner.
3.The young man managed to persuade the boss ________(employ) him as his assistant.
4.You have to have ________(patient) when others consult you.
5.With time going by, flying cars will become a ________(real) in time.
6.It is said that his uncle is a ________(distinguish) lawyer.
7.Doing so will ________(title) the ticket holder to unlimited free parking.
8.Fashion is ________(constant) changing, so you'd better adapt to it.
9.Yao Ming is recognised to be one of the living________(legend) in sports.
10.On the playground ________（lie）Tom, who was extremely tired after running for two hours.
二、阅读理解
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
11.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
12.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
13.Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
14.What is the text
A. A news report. B. A book review.
C. A children's story. D. A diary entry.
三、七选五
How to Choose Extracurricular Activities
From sports to clubs to outside organizations, there are many activities to take part in outside the classroom. ①_______ Fortunately, it becomes quite easy once you figure out what you enjoy doing in general. With a little more careful thought, you can also choose an activity that interests you.
Think about your interests and know your advantages. Before you start considering specific(具体的) activities, take a step back. Think about what excites you and find your passions(热情). ②________ Now that you have a better idea of what you like to do in general, decide on those that you are good at. Ask yourself what skills they show. Then find activities that require the same ones. Make sure that you will enjoy yourself by choosing an activity that lets you shine.
③________ In addition to your interests and advantages, know what you would like to improve about yourself. Use activities as a way to make yourself better. Find out new challenges, without the added stress of having to earn good grades at them. You can use activities to develop general skills that you may not have.
Find out what activities are available(可用的) and look into each one. ④_______ If the website seems incomplete, talk with your teacher or parents. Also look for calendar details, such as start-and-end dates, plus event schedules, to make sure it won't get in the way of anything else going on in your life. Once you have a list of activities that match your interests, do a little research. ⑤________
A. Think about skills you want to develop.
B. This can make choosing one a little difficult.
C. Use your freshman year to explore your choices.
D. In this way, you will have a better idea of what to expect.
E. Also make sure that their culture is a good match for your own personality.
F. Use those to decide on activities that will keep you interested for a long time.
G. Search your school's website for a complete list of all the activities it provides.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：vitality
解析：考查名词。be full of.….意为“充满……”,后接名词作宾语,故填vitality。句意:尽管埃尔茜已经80岁了,但她仍然充满活力。故填vitality。
2.答案：was talking
解析：考查动词的时态。句意:我第一次见到珍妮时,她正在英语角和一些学生交谈。根据The first time I saw Jenny 可知,此处谓语动词表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作,所以应用过去进行时。故填was talking。
3.答案：to employ
解析：考查动词不定式。动词 persuade后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。句意:这个年轻人成功地说服了老板雇他当助手。故填to employ。
4.答案：patience
解析：考查名词。句意：当别人向你咨询时，你必须有耐心。根据句意可知此处填形容词patient"有耐心的"的名词形式patience"耐心"，作动词have的宾语，且为不可数名词。故填patience。
5.答案：reality
解析：考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，飞行汽车最后将成为现实。根据句意和提示词可知需将提示词real"真正的"改为名词reality"现实"，作表语，空前的不定冠词a表明用单数。故填reality。
6.答案：distinguished
解析：考查形容词。句意：据说他的叔叔是一个著名律师。根据句意可知，空格处填写动词distinguish"区分"的形容词形式distinguished"著名的"作定语。故填distinguished。
7.答案：entitle
解析：考查动词。句意：这样做将使持票人有权无限制地免费停车。根据句意和提示词可知，空格处填提示词名词title"头衔"动词形式entitle"赋予权利"，作谓语，助动词will后用动词原形。故填entitle。
8.答案：constantly
解析：考查副词。句意：时尚一直在改变，所以你最好适应它。根据句意可知提示词constant"持续的"要改为副词形式constantly"一直"，修饰动词。故填constantly。
9.答案：legends
解析：考查名词复数。句意：姚明被认为是体育界的传奇人物之一。固定结构：one of the +名词复数，表示"……之一"，设空前是one of the，故该空填legend的复数形式。故填legends。
10.答案：lay
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：汤姆躺在操场上，他跑了两个小时后累极了。分析句子可知，设空处为主句谓语，介词短语位于句首，用的全部倒装，主语是Tom，再根据从句的时态，可知主句也要用一般过去时。故填lay。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩—Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood—来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书)"可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段"They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪)"以及"In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上)"可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难。故选D。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉)"可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)"以及最后一段"Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.(Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品)"可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤BFAGD
解析：①上文"From sports to clubs to outside organizations, there are many activities to take part in outside the classroom.(从运动到俱乐部再到校外组织，有很多课外活动可以参加。)"提到了有很多的课外活动可以参加；下文"Fortunately, it becomes quite easy once you figure out what you enjoy doing in general.(幸运的是，一旦你知道你喜欢做什么，这就变得很容易了。)"提到了一旦知道自己喜欢做什么，就变得很容易。由此可知，设空处所填句意与下文存在转折关系。B项"This can make choosing one a little difficult.(这要让你选择一个可能会有点困难。)"中的this与上文对应，而difficult则与下文的easy对应。故选B。
②段首主旨句"Think about your interests and know your advantages.(想想你的兴趣，了解你的优势。)"提到了要想想自己的兴趣，了解自己的优势；上文"Before you start considering specific(具体的)activities, take a step back. Think about what excites you and find your passions(热情).(在你开始考虑具体的活动之前，先退一步。想想什么能让你兴奋，找到你的激情所在。)"提到了在考虑具体活动前，先想想什么能让自己兴奋，找到自己的激情所在；下文"Now that you have a better idea of what you like to do in general, decide on those that you are good at.(既然你对自己喜欢做什么有了更好的了解，那就选择你擅长的吧。)"提到了对自己喜欢做的事有更好的了解后，就开始选择自己擅长的。由此可推知，设空处应是与思考自己感兴趣的活动有关。F项"Use those to decide on activities that will keep you interested for a long time.(利用这些信息来决定哪些活动能让你长期感兴趣。)"与本段主旨相符，选项中的those与上文的"Think about what excites you and find your passions.(想想什么能让你兴奋，找到你的激情所在。)"对应。故选F。
③设空处位于句首，为本段主旨句。下文"In addition to your interests and advantages, know what you would like to improve about yourself.(除了你的兴趣和优势之外，你也要知道你想要提升自己的哪些方面。)"提到了除自己的兴趣和优势之外，也要知道自己想要提升的东西。由此可知，本段主要与"提升自我"相关。A项"Think about skills you want to develop.(想想你想要培养的技能。)"与本段主旨相符。故选A。
④段首句"Find out what activities are available(可用的)and look into each one.(找出哪些活动是可用的，并一一研究。)"提到了要找出可用的活动，并一一研究；下文"If the website seems incomplete, talk with your teacher or parents.(如果网站看起来不完整，和你的老师或父母谈谈。)"提到了如果网站看起来不完整，可以和老师或父母谈谈。由此可知，设空处是在建议去网站看看。G项"Search your school's website for a complete list of all the activities it provides.(在你学校的网站上搜索它提供的所有活动的完整列表。)"中的school's website与下文的the website对应。故选G。
⑤设空处位于段末，上文"Once you have a list of activities that match your interests, do a little research.(一旦你有了一个符合你兴趣的活动清单，做一些调查。)"提到了一旦有了自己的兴趣活动清单，可以做一些调查。由此可推知，设空处可能在谈这一建议的好处。D项"In this way, you will have a better idea of what to expect.(这样，你就能更好地知道接下来该期待些什么。)"中的in this way与上文do a little research对应。故选D。Unit 4 Exploring poetry Grammar and usage & Integrated skills—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1._____(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
2.They represent the earth _____ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
3.When we got a call _____(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
4.We advocate _____(employ ) body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture we are in.
5.Suddenly I saw a tall figure _____(approach) toward the policeman.
6.________(wait) for her two hours in the park, I had to left.
7.Over the past weeks, they have applied themselves to _____(improve) their spoken English.
8.In art criticism, you must assume that the artist has a message ______(hide) within his/her work.
9.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _____(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
10.Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _____(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
二、阅读理解
Born in 1898 to middle-class parents in Bavaria, Bertolt Brecht grew up in a comfortable environment. In elementary school, he met Caspar Nehar, who became a life-long friend and designed sets for many of Brecht's plays. As a student at Munich University during World War I, the dramatist studied theater and became interested in German cabaret performances (a form of entertainment with singing and dancing that was performed in restaurants or clubs).
Brecht began writing works for the stage around this time, which won some words of praise. He also spent time studying the work of political theorist Karl Marx and socialism. He began to form his theory of "epic theater." This theater, different from the traditional aims of drama as described by Aristotle, was not meant to be an imitation of reality or a way to entertain people.
Epic theater is meant to present an argument and invite the audience to make judgments on it. Traditional conventions, like not looking directly at the audience, are ignored, Brecht tried to prevent audiences from sympathizing with his characters, and wanted them to care about the issues being discussed.
In 1927, Bertolt Brecht began working with a composer named Kurt Weill. Together they wrote several plays, the most famous of which being The Three penny Opera. The play opened in 1928 and starred Wil's wife, Lotte Lenya. Although this musical adaptation of an 18th century opera by John Gay initially was attacked by critics, it grew in popularity and was performed over 400 times over the next two years.
As a Marxist, Bertolt Brecht fled Germany in 1933 because of the Nazi terror and moved around Europe. Still under the shadow of Adolf Hitler, Brecht left Europe for America in 1941. During this time, he wrote several plays protesting the rule of Hitler, including Moher Courage and Her Children, The Good Peron of Sezuan, Caucasian Chalk Circle, and The Misery of the Third Reich In 1949 Brecht moved to East Berlin. Seven years later he died from a heart attack.
11.What did Brecht do around World War I
A. He met Caspar Nehar. B. He started to create plays.
C. He became a famous actor. D. He created German cabaret.
12.According to the text, epic theater ________.
A. forbids actors to look directly at the audience.
B. stresses the importance of reflecting reality.
C. differs greatly from Aristotle's theories.
D. tries to make people pity the characters.
13.What do we know about The Three penny Opera
A. It was based on John Gay's work. B. Brecht played a leading role in it.
C. Brecht competed it in two years. D. It won much praise immediately.
14.What is the text mainly about
A. Brecht's theater theories. B. Brecht's important influence.
C. Brecht's unique writing style. D. Brecht's life and achievements.
三、七选五
Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging. ①__________ As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things; they don't remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their glasses, cell phones or other small items. These are usually signs of mild forgetfulness, not serious memory problems.
②__________ For example, medication side effects, Vitamin B12 shortage, alcoholism, tumors(肿瘤) or infections in the brain can cause memory loss. A doctor should treat serious medical conditions like these as soon as possible.
Emotional problems, such as stress, anxiety or depression, can make a person more forgetful. For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a relative or a friend may feel sad, lonely or worried. ③__________
The confusion and forgetfulness caused by emotions are usually temporary and go away when the feelings fade. The emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family. ④__________ Treatment may include counseling, medication or both.
If you're concerned that you or someone you know has a serious memory problem, talk with your doctor. ⑤__________ Health care professionals can recommend ways to manage the problem or make suggestions on treatment or services that might help you out.
A. Consider participating in clinical trials or studies.
B. It's advisable to have health issues treated in time.
C. He or she can diagnose the problem or refer you to a specialist.
D. But if they last for a long time, it is necessary to get help from a doctor.
E. Some memory problems are related to health issues that may be treatable.
F. As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain.
G. Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：Learning
解析：考查动名词作主语。句意:学会批判性思考是今天的孩子们未来将需要的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知,“_____(learn) to think critically is an important skill”是主句,“today's children will need for the future”是省略了关系词的定语从句。主句中is之前的部分作主语,设空处应用动名词或不定式;此处表示一般性的动作概念,应用动名词作主语。故填Learning。
2.答案：coming
解析：句意为: 它们(植物、水果和鲜花)代表着大地的复苏和(人们)对新开端的美好祝愿。句中已有谓语动词represent, 设空处应填非谓语动词形式, 与the earth构成动名词的复合结构, 和best wishes并列作represent的宾语, 其逻辑主语为the earth, 应用主动形式。故填coming。
3.答案：saying
解析：句意为: 当我们接到说她入围的电话时, 我们以为这只是一个玩笑。设空处应用非谓语动词作定语, 修饰call, 且call与say之间为逻辑上的主动关系, 故填现在分词。故填saying。
4.答案：employing
解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语。句意:我们提倡以一种与我们所处的文化相适应的方式运用肢体语言。动词advocate后接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填employing。
5.答案：approaching
解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。句意:突然,我看见一个高大的身影正向警察靠近。根据语境可知,动词see后接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示“看到某人正在做某事”。故填approaching。
6.答案：Having waited
解析：考查动词-ing形式作状语。句意:在公园等了她两个小时之后,我不得不离开了。分析句子结构可知,逗号前为状语,wait与其逻辑主语I之间构成主动关系,且发生在主句的谓语动词表示的动作之前,所以应用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语。故填Having waited。
7.答案：improving
解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语。固定搭配apply oneself to (doing) sth.意为“致力于(做)某事”。句意:在过去的几个星期里,他们一直致力于提高英语口语。故填improving。
8.答案：hidden
解析：考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:在进行艺术批评时,你必须假设艺术家在其作品背后有隐藏着的信息。分析句子结构可知,此处为have的复合结构,动词hide与宾语message之间构成被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填hidden。
9.答案：surrounding
解析：句意为: 并且, 当他看到江面上升腾的薄雾和环绕着山顶的轻柔的云时, 他流下了眼泪。分析句子结构并结合语境可知, 设空处为后置定语, 修饰the soft clouds, 且与其之间为逻辑上的主动关系, 应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
10.答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 后来, 他们学会了因地制宜, 在适当的时间播种, 在干旱地区, 利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子可知, make所处的分句中无主语, 故此处需用非谓语动词。make和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系。所以此处用现在分词形式作状语。plant与make是并列的动作, planting已经给出提示, 所以抓住主干是本题的关键点。故填making。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Brecht began writing works for the stage around this time, which won some words of praise. (布莱希特在这个时候开始写舞台剧，赢得了一些赞誉。)"可知，一战期间贝托尔特·布莱希特开始创作戏剧。故选B。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段"This theater, different from the traditional aims of drama as described by Aristotle, was not meant to be an imitation of reality or a way to entertain people. (这种戏剧，不同于亚里士多德所描述的传统戏剧的目的，并不是为了模仿现实或娱乐人们。)"可知，"史诗戏剧"与亚里士多德的戏剧理论有很大区别。故选C。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段"Although this musical adaptation of an 18th century opera by John Gay initially was attacked by critics, it grew in popularity and was performed over 400 times over the next two years. (这部由约翰·盖伊的18世纪歌剧改编的音乐剧最初遭到了评论家的抨击，但它却越来越受欢迎，在接下来的两年内上演了400多次。)"可知，《三毛钱歌剧》改编自十八世纪约翰·盖伊的歌剧。故选A。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段"Born in 1898 to middle-class parents in Bavaria, Bertolt Brecht grew up in a comfortable environment. In elementary school, he met Caspar Nehar, who became a life-long fiend and designed sets for many of Brecht's plays. As a student at Munich University during World War I, the dramatist studied theater and became interested in German cabaret performances (a form of entertainment with singing and dancing that was performed in restaurants or clubs)."可知，布莱希特于1898年出生在巴伐利亚的中产阶级家庭，他在一个舒适的环境中长大。上小学时，他遇到卡斯帕·内哈尔(Caspar Nehar)，后者成为了布莱希特一生的挚友，并为他的许多戏剧设计了场景。第一次世界大战期间，这位剧作家就读于慕尼黑大学(Munich University)，学习戏剧，并对德国卡巴莱歌舞表演(一种在餐馆或俱乐部表演的歌舞娱乐形式)产生了兴趣。所以本文是对德国二十世纪著名剧作家贝托尔特·布莱希特生平及其成就的介绍。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：FEGDC
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了健忘可能是衰老的一个正常部分。
①根据空后"As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things; they don't remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their glasses, cell phones or other small items. (结果是,有些人可能会发现学习新事物需要更长的时间;他们对信息的记忆不如以前那样好,或者他们丢失了眼镜、手机或其他一些小东西)"可知,F项"As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain. (随着年龄的增长,身体的所有部位都会发生变化,包括大脑)"符合语境。故选F。
②根据空后"For example, medication side effects, Vitamin B12 shortage, alcoholism, tumors(肿瘤) or infections in the brain can cause memory loss. (例如,药物副作用、维生素B12缺乏、酗酒、肿瘤或脑部感染都会导致记忆力丧失)"可知, E项"Some memory problems are related to health issues that may be treatable. (有些记忆问题与健康问题有关,这些问题可能是可以治疗的)"承接下文,符合语境。故选E。
③ 根据空前"For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a relative or a friend may feel sad, lonely or worried.(例如,刚退休的人或正在应对亲戚或朋友死亡的人可能会感到悲伤,孤独或忧虑)"可知,G项"Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful. (试图应对这些生活的变化会让一些人感到困惑或健忘)"承接上文,符合语境。故选G。
④根据空前"The emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family. (情感问题可以通过支持你的朋友和家人来缓解)"可知, D项"But if they last for a long time, it is necessary to get help from a doctor. (但如果这些问题持续很长时间,就有必要向医生寻求帮助)"承接上文,符合语境。故选D。
⑤ 根据空前"If you're concerned that you or someone you know has a serious memory problem, talk with your doctor. (如果你担心你或你认识的人有严重的记忆问题,与你的医生交谈)"可知,C项"He or she can diagnose the problem or refer you to a specialist. (他或她可以诊断问题或将你转介给专科医生)"承接上文,符合语境。故选C。Unit 4 Exploring poetry Welcome to the unit & Reading—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.I am surprised to learn that the boss is hard _____(get) along with.
2.With time going on, flying cars will become a _____(real) sooner or later.
3.Excuse me, could you please show me where I can find some _____(freeze) dumplings
4.Before you quit your job, ________(consider)how your family would feel about your decision.
5.He taught for conveying knowledge, not for money. And what he said was always new and worth ________（hear）.
6.With the Spring Festival ________（approach）, a good many rural workers began to return home.
7.Bad customs and laws ought to ________（abandon）, since they are inappropriate for the development of the society.
8.Credibility is hard to earn but easy ________(lose), and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
9.The exhibition is well worth ________(visit)and you can see fancy vases of different dynasties on show there.
10.Read this story, and you ________(realize)that not everything can be bought with money.
二、阅读理解
Food poems, like love poems, have the potential to be vague(朦胧的) and sad. The New York Times' description of a book of food poetry refers to Winston Churchill's supposed declaration, "Takeaway this pudding. It has no theme." This, of course, is a sad comment on food. Yes, eating can be mere gluttony(暴食) at times—we've all had late-night chocolate or thoroughly enjoyed McDonald's breakfast hash browns. In reality, writers like Daniel Orozco paint a poetic picture of these sorts of food—the thrill and shame of junk food.
Food poetry can be unbelievably described, inspiring feelings of pleasure and homesickness in the same way as eating does. It can also be straightforward or playful—just like food itself. Shell Silverstein's Italian Food starts off with "Oh, how I love Italian food/I eat it all the time/Not just cause how good it tastes'/But cause how good it rhymes" and continues in rhyming couplets for the remainder of the poem.
Other food poems—certainly the best ones—have layers of complexity that are slowly revealed, like having a perfectly assembled sandwich or skillfully mixed drink. Henrick Ibsen's Tea—A Comparison from Love's Comedy begins with a pleasant garden gathering but quickly delves into the scenery and politics of Eastern nations, from which the tea has been imported.
Still other food poems are simple collections of the poet's most beloved meal, like Carlos Williams' loyalty to caviar(鱼子酱), For Viola: De Gustibus. He writes, "Beloved you are/Caviar of Caviar/Of all I love you best". Similarly, Jonathan Swift declares his love of mutton in the emotional cooking poem: How I Shall Dine.
Kevin Young, the editor of The Hungry Ear, a collection of food poetry, explains poets' love of food: "One of the things I think poets enjoy about a great meal is that it goes away...that you make a terrific meal for friends and family, and if you succeed, it's gone."
11.What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A.Winston Churchill doesn't like puddings.
B.Eating is a bad subject in terms of poetry.
C.Many people like junk food despite its harm.
D.Food poems and love poems are the same.
12.Why does the author refer to Shell Silverstein's poem
A.To suggest that Shell Silverstein is the best poet.
B.To show how Shell Silverstein likes Italian food.
C.To prove that food poems have some complexity.
D.To show that food poetry can be straightforward or playful.
13.What do we know about Henrick Ibsen's poem in the third paragraph
A.It slowly reveals some complexity.
B.It is referred to as the best food poem.
C.It talks about a pleasant garden gathering.
D.It introduces where tea has been imported.
14.Who writes about his favorite meal
A.Henrick Ibsen. B.Carlos Williams.
C.Kevin Young. D.Shell Silverstein.
三、七选五
Writing poetry can seem frightening, especially if you do not feel you are naturally creative. But with the right inspiration and approach, you can also write a striking poem that you can be proud to share with others in class or with your friends.
Pick a specific theme or idea. You can start your poem by focusing on a specific theme or idea that you find fascinating. ①_____For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of "love and friendship".
Choose a poetic form. Get your creative juices flowing by picking a form for your poem. There are many different poetic forms that you can use, from free verse to sonnets to rhyming couplets. ②_____ Choose one poetic form and stick to that structure so your poem feels coherent(连贯的) to your readers.
Use concrete imagery. ③_____ You should always try to describe something using the five senses: smell, taste, touch, sight, and hearing. Using concrete imagery will immerse your readers in the world of your poem and make images come alive for them.
Include literary devices. Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry. ④_____ Try to use literary devices throughout your poem, varying them so you do not use only metaphors or only similes in your writing.
Read the poem out aloud. Once you have completed a draft of the poem, you should read it aloud to yourself. ⑤_____ Pay attention to how each line of your poem flows into the next. Keep a pen close by so you can mark any lines or words that sound awkward or jumbled.
A.Notice how the words sound on the page.
B.This can give your poem a clear objective.
C.You may go for a poetic form that you find easy to use.
D.Using these devices can make your poem stand out to your readers.
E.Choose poems written in the same poetic form you are interested in.
F.Avoid abstract imagery and go for concrete descriptions in your poem.
G.You can also share your poem with other poets to get feedback from them.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：to get
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:听说这个老板很难相处,我很惊讶。此处为固定句型“主语+be+adj.+动词不定式”,所以此处应用动词不定式。故填to get。
2.答案：reality
解析：考查名词。句意:随着时间的推移,飞行汽车迟早将成为现实。分析句子可知,设空处作表语,空前有不定冠词a,所以应该填名词。故填reality。
3.答案：frozen
解析：考查形容词。句意:打扰一下,您能告诉我在哪里能找到一些冷冻水饺吗 dumplings是名词,应用形容词修饰。表示“冷冻的”。 故填frozen。
4.答案：consider
解析：考查动词。句意：在你辞职之前，考虑下你的家人会如何看待你的决定。分析句子可知，Before you quit your job是时间状语从句，逗号后面的句子是主句，主句无主语，可判定为祈使句。用动词原形。故填consider。
5.答案：hearing
解析：考查非谓语动词，固定句型。句意：他教书是为了传授知识，而不是为了赚钱。他说的话总是令人耳目一新，值得一听。固定句型be worth doing表示“值得做的”，其中doing使用主动形式表被动意义。故填hearing。
6.答案：approaching
解析：考查with复合结构。句意：随着春节的临近，大量城市务工人员开始返乡。该句考查with复合结构，由于approach与the Spring Festival之间是主谓关系，应使用现在分词，构成with复合结构（with+宾语+宾语补足语），作宾补。故填approaching。
7.答案：be abandoned
解析：考查被动语态。句意：不良的习俗和法律应该废除，因为它们不适合社会的发展。分析句子可知，ought to do为固定搭配，意为“应该做某事”，to后跟动词原形。且abandon与主语Bad customs and laws之间是动宾关系，应使用被动语态be abandoned。故填be abandoned。
8.答案：to lose
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：赢得信誉很难，但是失去却很容易，这个问题从现在开始只会变得更难。本句包含"主语+be+adj.+不定式"结构。设空处与"to earn"并列，形容词后的不定式作状语，与句子的主语是动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填to lose。
9.答案：visiting
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：这个展览很值得一看，你可以在那里看到不同朝代的精美花瓶。be worth doing意为"值得做……"，为固定搭配，此处用动名词的主动式表被动含义。故填visiting。
10.答案：will realize
解析：考查"祈使句+and/or+含有一般将来时的陈述句"结构。句意：读下这个故事，你就会意识到不是所有的东西都能用钱买到。本句考查"祈使句+and/or+含有一般将来时的陈述句"结构，其中陈述句结构为sb.+will +do sth.。will do 在句中作谓语。故填will realize。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“we've all had late-night chocolate or thoroughly enjoyed McDonald's breakfast hash browns... the thrill and shame of junk food”可推测,虽然垃圾食品对健康有害,但是很多人喜欢垃圾食品。故选C。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It can also be straightforward or playful-just like food itself. Shell Silverstein...of the poem.”可推测,作者举这首诗的例子是为了说明关于食物的诗歌可以是直白的或有趣的。故选D。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Other food poems... have layers of complexity that are slowly revealed...”可知,本段介绍的是逐渐表现出复杂性的诗歌。下面举了Henrick Ibsen的诗为例,由此可推测他的诗歌具有这一特点。故选A。
14.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Still other food poems are simple collections of the poet's most beloved meal, like Carlos Williams’ loyalty to caviar...”可知,Carlos Williams的诗歌涉及他最喜欢的食物。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：BCFDA
解析：①根据段首句“Pick a specific theme or idea.”和设空处上文“You can start your poem by focusing on a specific theme or idea that you find fascinating.”可推测,B项承接上文,进一步说明这样做的目的,符合语境,B项中的“This”指代上文中的“focusing on a specific theme or idea”。故选B。
②根据段首句“Choose a poetic form.”和下文"Choose one poetic form and stick to that structure so your poem feels coherent to your readers.”可推测,设空处的内容应该和诗歌形式的选择有关,所以C项符合语境,C项中的“poetic form”为复现短语,段首句和下文中均有提及。故选C。
③根据段首句“Use concrete imagery.”和设空处下文“Using concrete imagery will immerse... and make images come alive for them.”可知,本段主要在讲诗歌的描述要具体,所以F项符合语境,F项中的“concrete descriptions”与段首句及下文中的“concrete imagery”相呼应。故选F。
④根据上文“Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry.”可知,D项承接上文,说明文学手法的作用,符合语境,D项中的“these devices”与上文中的“Literary devices”相呼应。故选D。
⑤下文“Keep a pen close by so you can mark any lines or words that sound awkward or jumbled.”提到标记听起来别扭的地方,所以A项符合语境,A项中的“sound”是复现词。故选A。
