专题09 中考句子翻译
知识点一：中考句子翻译题的做题步骤
步骤1：寻找句中的考点及固定搭配
看到一个句子，首先就要弄清楚这道题要考我们什么，这里有哪些固定搭配。要知道每个句子通常都会包含几个知识点或者说固定词语搭配。
例如：
1.如果有空，你可以多花点时间和父母交流。
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【答案】If you are free, you can spend more time communicating with your parents.
【解析】分析中文可知，该句是复合句，“如果有空”是条件状语从句，该复合句符合“主情从现”的时态规则。“如果”if，“有空”be free，所以从句翻译成：If you are free；“可以”can，“多花点时间做某事”spend more time doing sth，“和某人交流”communicate with sb，“你的父母”your parents，所以主句翻译成：you can spend more time communicating with your parents。故答案为：If you are free, you can spend more time communicating with your parents.
2. 他过去常常坐在树下看书，但是现在他习惯在房间里阅读。
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【答案】He used to read books under the tree，but now he is used to reading in the room.
【解析】这句话涉及的固定搭配主要是“过去常常做某事”和“现在习惯做某事”这两个词组，分别是“used to do”和“be used to doing”。所以答案是“He used to read books under the tree，but now he is used to reading in the room.”。
步骤2：确定句子的时态和语态
时态和语态是我们初中英语学习的重点内容，也是中考英语考查的热点。我们从卷面上看，不少同学常常因为时态和语态的错误，而导致丢分。因此，大家一定要注意时态和语态，根据句意和时间状语，来确定时态语态，以便确保准确翻译。
例如：
确定时态：最近几年，越来越多的外国朋友对扬州文化感兴趣。
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】More and more foreign friends have been interested in the culture of Yangzhou in recent years.
【解析】根据句意可知，越来越多：more and more；外国朋友：foreign friends；对……感兴趣：be interested in；文化：culture；最近几年：in recent years。由“in recent years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+过去分词。主语是foreign friends，因此助动词用have。故填More and more foreign friends have been interested in the culture of Yangzhou in recent years.
确定语态：这个男孩经常被告知该如何和别人相处。
The boy is often _______________________________________.
【答案】told (about) how to get on/along with/how he can get on/along with others
【解析】tell告诉，与空前的is构成被动结构，此处tell应用过去分词形式，后可以跟介词about，构成短语tell about“告诉”；how如何，引导宾语从句；get on/along with sb，此处可以用“疑问词+不定式”的结构，也可以用宾语从句的形式，从句中含有情态动词can；others别人。故填told (about) how to get on/along with/how he can get on/along with others
步骤3：把握句型结构，避免中式英语
在汉译英中的句型大致包括简单句、并列句、复合句三种类型。对于简单句，我们需要弄清主语、谓语、宾语、定语等句子成分；对于并列句，需要把握好并列连词的运用；对于复合句，需要辨别状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句的不同用法。
例如：
1. 汤姆宁愿打雪仗也不愿玩电脑游戏。
Tom would ____________________________________________ play computer games.
【答案】 rather have snowball fights than##rather have a snowball fight than##rather play snowball fights than##rather play a snowball fight than
【解析】would rather do sth than do sth表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一件事”，have (a) snowball fight(s)=play (a) snowball fight(s)“打雪仗”，故填rather have/play (a) snowball fight(s) than。
2. 那位年轻人太急于求成以至于最终失败了。
The young man was ______________________________ that he failed at last.
【答案】in such a hurry to achieve success
【解析】分析句子可知，应是句型“such...that”如此……以至于。中英文对照，横线上应是“太急于求成”in such a hurry to achieve success。故填in such a hurry to achieve success。
知识点二：中考句子翻译题的常考搭配
1. have no choice but to do 别无选择只能做某事
2.insist on doing sth 坚持做某事
3.make progress in doing sth 在做某事上取得进步
4.wonder+宾语从句
5.take action to do sth 采取措施做某事
6.pay attention to (doing) sth 关注（做）某事
7.donate sth to sb把某物捐给某人
8. It is a waste of time to do sth 做某事是浪费时间的
9.It takes sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人一段时间
10.祈使句 +and/or +陈述句（一般将来时）
11.not…until 直到……才……
12.感叹句句型：What a/an + adj. + S +V! // What + adj. + S +V! // How adj + S +V!
13.It is known that… 众所周知，……
14.open up a whole new world to sb 向某人打开了一个全新的世界
15. sb is the + 序数词 （+n.）+ to do sth. 某人是第几个做某事的
16. unless/if 引导的条件状语从句（主将从现）
17. give sb much advice/many suggestions on…给某人关于某事的许多建议
18. realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true 实现某人的愿望
19. not…any more/longer或者no more/ no longer 不再…
20. realize the importance of doing sth 意识到做某事的重要性
21. prefer to do sth=would rather do sth 宁愿做某事
22. sb spend 钱/时间 (in) doing sth /on sth花时间做某事
23. how long多长时间
24. as soon as possible 尽快
25. It is lucky for sb to do sth 某人做某事是幸运的
26. give a helping hand to sb对某人施加援手
27. be satisfied with 对....满意
28. win high praise from ....赢得来自...的高度赞扬
29. provide sb a chance to do sth 提供给某人机会去做某事
30. be strict with对.....要求严格
31. stop/keep/prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
32. instead of doing sth 而不是做某事
33. not only....but also ...不但....而且（就近原则）
34.be open to对....开放
35.practise doing sth练习做某事
36.be/feel proud of.....对....感到自豪
37.take part in 参加
38.get full marks 得满分
39.go to sp on business去某地出差
40.take the lead 领先
41.take/have pity on 同情，怜悯
42.hand out 分发 hand in 上交
【基础练习】
句子翻译
1. 这部纪录片能帮助你全面了解中国历史。
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【答案】This documentary can help you know all about China’s history.
【解析】由中文意思知此句为陈述句，this documentary“这部纪录片”，在句中作主语；can“能够”，后跟动词原形；help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，help在句中作谓语；you“你”；China’s history“中国历史”；know all about“全面了解……”。故填This documentary can help you know all about China’s history.
2. 为了帮助我们养成良好的学习习惯，王老师常鼓励我们要温故知新。
To help us develop a good learning habit, Mr. Wang often __________________________ what we have learnt before learning something new.
【答案】encourages us to go over
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，这里缺的是“鼓励我们复习”，英语中表达“鼓励某人做某事”结构是encourage sb to do sth，所以这里应该是encourage us to，“复习”是go over，而句中的主语是Mr. Wang，且句中有often，所以动词encourage应该用三单形式，故答案为encourages us to go over。
3.二十四节气之一小满标志着夏收的开始。
Grain Buds, one of the 24 solar terms, __________________________________ summer harvest.
【答案】marks the beginning of
【解析】mark“标志着”，the beginning of“……的开始”，时态是一般现在时，主语是“Grain Buds”，动词用三单。故填marks the beginning of。
4. 我们必须依靠自身的努力来实现我们的梦想。
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【答案】We must depend on our hard work to achieve/realize our dream(s)/make our dream(s) come true.
【解析】we“我们”；must“必须”，后接动词原形；depend on“依靠”；our hard work“我们的努力”，努力的目的是为了实现梦想，用动词不定式表目的；achieve/realize our dream(s)/make our dream(s) come true“实现梦想”，故填We must depend on our hard work to achieve/realize our dream(s)/make our dream(s) come true.
5. 听到这个好消息后，这位老人激动得说不出话来。
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【答案】After hearing the good news, the old man was too excited to say a word.
【解析】分析句子可知时态为一般过去时。听到这个好消息后：After hearing the good news（作时间状语）；这位老人：the old man（作主语）；激动得：excited；太……不能：too...to；说话：say a word。故答案为：After hearing the good news, the old man was too excited to say a word.
6. 大卫，爸爸说话时不要打断他。
David, ________________________ is speaking.
【答案】don’t cut in on him when your father
【解析】分析句意可知此处是祈使句的否定形式：don’t+动词原形；cut in on sb“打断某人”；him“他”，代词宾格；when“当……时候”；此处是对David说的话，所以应用your father表示“你的爸爸”。故填don’t cut in on him when your father。
7. 你昨天缺席了那个会议非常可惜。
It’s ________________________ the meeting yesterday.
【答案】a pity that you were absent from##a pity for you to be absent from
【解析】 “……非常可惜”为“It’s a pity that+从句”或“It’s a pity for sb. to do sth.”；“缺席”为be absent from，根据“yesterday”可知，从句用一般过去时，be动词使用were。故填a pity that you were absent from/a pity for you to be absent from。
8. 多美的手提包！我想知道是不是手工制作的。
How nice the handbag is! I wonder ___________________________________ or not.
【答案】whether it is made by hand
【解析】根据语境和句意可知，此处考查wonder引导的宾语从句，根据“or not”可知，是否应用whether，“手提包”和“制作”是被动关系，且根据语境可知应用一般现在时，用it来指代“手提包”，故是it is made，“手工”表达为by hand。故填whether it is made by hand。
9. 西蒙，你已经下定决心戒烟了吗？
Simon, __________________________________ smoking
【答案】have you decided to give up##have you made up your mind to give up
【解析】根据汉语“你已经下定决心戒烟了吗”可知，该句时态是现在完成时，为一般疑问句；主语是you“你”，所以助动词用have放在主语前，后跟动词过去分词；“决定做某事”decide/make one’s mind to do sth，主语是you，所以用one’s代替your；“戒烟”give up smoking。故填have you decided/made up your mind to give up。
10. 为了在学习上处于领先地位，露西总是熬夜到很晚。
Lucy always stays up very late ____________________________________________.
【答案】in order to take the lead in study##to take the lead in study
【解析】在学习上处于领先地位：take the lead in study；为了：in order to do sth.，也可用动词不定式表示目的。故填(in order) to take the lead in study。
11. 家长们想知道线上课程是否能让孩子们向优秀老师学习成为可能。
Parents want to know if the online course can ____________________________ children to learn from the excellent teachers.
【答案】make it possible for
【解析】中英文对照可知，横线上缺的是“使……可能”make it possibe，这里it作形式宾语，“对于……”for。故填make it possible for。
12. 我们应该更多地关注劳动教育，以此来使青少年的生活技能得以发展。
We should _________________________ labor education to develop teenagers’ life skills.
【答案】pay more attention to
【解析】根据中英文对照横线上应是“更多地关注”pay more attention to，由于“should”后加动词原形。故填pay more attention to。
【强化练习】
第一套：
1.这本书给予我们很多关于如何实现梦想的建议。
This book ______________________________________________________________.
2.小男孩已经答应老师不会再在课堂上讲话。
The little boy _______________________________________________________ in class.
3.这位艺术家直到去世后才因他的艺术品而出名。
The artist_________________________________________________________ passed away.
4.遵循这些步骤，你就能对产品的销售量产生巨大影响。
Follow these steps, ______________________________________________the sales of the product.
5.现在由于空气污染，很多人宁愿住在乡下。
Nowadays, many people _________________________________________________ air pollution.
6.人类已经认识到保护环境的重要性了吗？
Have humans ________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】
1.This book give me many suggestions/much advice on how to realize my dreams/make my dreams come true
2.The little boy has promise to his teacher that he will no more/no longer chat in class.
3.The artist was not famous for his works of art until he passed away.
4.Follow these steps, _and you will have a great influence on the sales of the product.
5.Nowadays, many people __prefer to live in the countryside for air pollution.
6.Have humans _has realized the importance of protecting environment.
第二套：
1.你曾梦想过环游世界吗
_________________________________________________________________
2.我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
_________________________________________________________________
3.Shanghai Disneyland由6个主题公园组成。
_________________________________________________________________
4.不犯同样的错误很重要。
_________________________________________________________________
5.这个男孩够细心，注意到了每一个细节。
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. Have you ever dreamed/dreamt of/about travelling around the world？
2. Our country is getting/becoming stronger and stronger.
3. Shanghai Disneyland is made up of six theme parks.
4. It’s (very) important not to make the same mistake(s).
5. The boy was careful enough to pay attention to every detail.
第三套：
1.在政府的帮助下，这家医院最终建成了。
2.他说得太快了，没能清楚地表达自己。
3.这位经理去北京出差一周了。
4.无论何时我们在学校发生任何事，王老师总是第一个来帮忙。
5.为了避免浪费资源，我们必须尽可能多地循环利用。
【答案】
1. With the help of the government, the hospital was set up at last.
2. He spoke too fast to express himself clearly.
3. The manager has been on business in Beijing for a week.
4. Whenever anything happens to us at school, Mr Wang is always the first to help.
5. In order to avoid wasting resources, we must recycle them as much as possible.
第四套：
1.据说他不是很容易相处。
2.如果这个方法奏效，凯蒂会很快振作起来吗
3.琳达过去经常扮演小女孩的角色。
4.我想知道是否有许多人愿意移居到火星上去。
5. Mike自从痴迷于电脑游戏他就落后于别人了。
【答案】
1.It's said that he is not very easy to get along with.
2.Will Kitty cheer up quickly if the method/way works
3.. Linda used to play the role of a young girl.
4. I wonder whether there will be many people willing to move to Mars.
5. Mike has been behind others since he was crazy about computer games.
第五套：
1.你哥哥出国进修多久了
2.让我们大为惊讶的是，我们的建议居然被拒绝了。
3.世界上说汉语的人数越来越多了。
4.他们想知道在春季怎样可以提防感冒。
5.昨天的那场大雨对运动会没有多大影响。
【答案】
1. How long has your brother been abroad for further education
2. To our great surprise, our suggestion/ advice was refused.
3. There are more and more people speaking Chinese in the world./
The number of the people who speak Chinese is becoming larger and larger in the world./
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
4. They wonder how to/ what to do to guard against catching a cold in spring.
5. The heavy rain yesterday didn't make much difference to the sport meeting.
第六套：
1.对待任何事，三思而行是很有必要的。
2.因为大雨，这个歌手不得不缩短演唱会。
3.下课后孩子们迫不及待地去踢足球。
4.你太粗心了，居然把我的书错认成你的了。
5.你复习过昨天所学的了吗
【答案】
1. It's necessary to think twice about everything.
2. The singer had to cut short his concert because of the heavy rain.
3. The children couldn't wait to play football after class.
4. It's so careless of you to mistake my book for yours./
You were so careless that you mistook my book for yours.
5. Have you gone over what you learned yesterday
