热点时事话题专练14交通运输
主要内容
1 美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力
2 在城市里推广无人驾驶汽车会面临哪些问题以及该作何准备
3 蒸汽火车的历史起源、发展以及对历史的重要影响
4 研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆
5 给家长提供了一些关于公共交通的建议和注意点
6 发达国家公共交通目前存在的问题，并尝试提出自己的解决方案
7 乘船旅行这一旅行方式
8 以"On the
Way to School"为题，写一篇英语短文，参加校英语社团举办以"讲求文明，从我做起"为主题的征文活动
一、阅读理解
1．（2020·浙江）阅读理解
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard
in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice
in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal
cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push
it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like
the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle,
uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.
These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in
both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
"Adaptive signals can make sure that
the traffic demand that is there is being addressed," says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive
signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that
while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are
so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. "It's not going to fix everything, but
adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities," he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in
the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an
automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch,
the Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he
hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead
of just making them bigger.
（1）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Increased length of green lights. B．Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing of traffic signals. D．Smooth traffic flow on the road.
（2）What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals
A．They work better on broad roads.
B．They should be used in other cities.
C．They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D．They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
（3）What can we learn from Bellevue's success
A．It is rewarding to try new things.
B．The old methods still work today.
C．I pays to put theory into practice.
D．The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
（1）考查代词指代。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段中的“Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.”就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化，可知，第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“...，adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways”但自适应信号并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药；以及“others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference”其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能起有意义的作用。可推知，Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.”这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少了通勤的麻烦和花费；以及最后一段中的“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.”在Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样，可推知，从Bellevue的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．（2018·北京）阅读理解
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
（1）According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A．help deal with transportation-related problems
B．provide better services to customers
C．cause damage to our environment
D．make some people lose jobs
（2）As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern
A．Safety. B．Side effects. C．Affordability. D．Management.
（3）What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Employed. B．Replaced. C．Shared. D．Reduced.
（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这一篇科普类议论文，主要谈论在城市里推广无人驾驶汽车会面临哪些问题以及该作何准备。
⑴细节理解。题干中的attention should be paid to可被定位到第二段第一句much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars中，可知人们关注的是无人汽车的安全问题，另外在下文中提到的减少交通拥堵、减少尾气排放以及提供更加便捷的经济的选择都是“与交通相关的问题”，故答案为A。
⑵细节理解。根据第一段But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated可知，技术对于交通系统和城市的改变是更好还是更差取决于这种转换如何被管理。regulate管理，是manage的同义词，故答案为D。
⑶词义猜测。employ使用；replace代替；share分享；reduce减少。本词所在句子的后一句的but说明前后是转折关系，通过理解后一句来倒推前一句的意思。“随着价格的降低，无人驾驶汽车的个人占有率会越来越高。”所以可以推断前一句的意思是“第一批商用的无人驾驶汽车将会首先被叫车服务公司所使用。”所以答案为A。
⑷观点态度。doubtful怀疑的；positive积极的；disapproving不赞成的；sympathetic同情的。文章最后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it（未来的汽车即将到来，我们得为之做好计划）说明未来无人驾驶汽车是不可阻挡的趋势，所以作者是积极的态度，故答案为B。
【点评】本文属于科技类议论文，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。
（2024高三上·宝鸡模拟） 阅读理解
Steam trains paved the way for modern-day transportation, but just how much do you know about them
The roots of steam trains can be traced back to the 18th century when the Scottish engineer James Watt improved steam engine technology. Watt's improvements significantly enhanced the efficiency of steam engines. This breakthrough paved the way for the application of steam power in various industries, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. As the 19th century started, George Stephenson used the power of steam to power locomotives (火车头), telling the age of steam-powered transportation.
Steam trains played a vital role in transforming the world into a connected network of nations. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in 1869 marked a historic moment, as steam locomotives linked the East and West coasts, reducing travel time and expanding economic, opportunities.
Similarly, the Orient Express in Europe became a symbol of luxury and international travel, carrying passengers from Paris to Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sound of wheels on rails echoed (回响) through diverse landscapes, from the dry deserts of Australia to the snowy expanses of Siberia, as steam trains formed paths of connectivity across continents. During times of war, the role of steam trains extended to soldier transportation.
While steam trains led the railway landscape for over a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival of electric and diesel locomotives, claiming greater efficiency and lower operational costs, and signaling a transformative shift.
As steam trains were not mainstream transportation, enthusiasts worldwide have preserved and restored steam locomotives, ensuring that these classic engine s continue to attract new generations with their nostalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stories continue to be told for ages to come.
For Heritage railways, they dedicate to the restoration and operation of classic steam locomotives. From the Bluebell Railway in England to the Strasburg Rail Road in the United States, these living museums allow modern-day travelers to experience the magic of steam travel. Riding the polished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitors experience a sensory voyage, connecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat of progress and adventure.
3．What marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
A．Rapid expansion of railways.
B．Advance of steam locomotives.
C．Great efficiency of transportation.
D．The use of steam power in industries.
4．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．Add more facts to the role of steam trains.
C．Share a historic moment.
D．Introduce the Orient Express.
5．How do Heritage railways react to the decline of steam trains
A．They welcome the arrival of electric engines.
B．They insist on using steam trains.
C．They offer a journey back in time.
D．They prefer to improve steam engines.
6．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A travel guide. B．A book review.
C．A history paper. D．A newspaper report.
【答案】3．D
4．B
5．C
6．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蒸汽火车的历史起源、发展以及对历史的重要影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇历史类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The roots of steam trains can be traced back to the 18th century when the Scottish engineer James Watt improved steam engine technology. Watt's improvements significantly enhanced the efficiency of steam engines. This breakthrough paved the way for the application of steam power in various industries, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution."蒸汽火车的起源可以追溯到18世纪，当时苏格兰工程师詹姆斯·瓦特改进了蒸汽机技术。瓦特的改进大大提高了蒸汽机的效率。这一突破为蒸汽动力在各行各业的应用铺平了道路，标志着工业革命的开始。可知，蒸汽动力在工业中的使用标志着工业革命的开始。故选D。
4．考查推理判断。根据第四段"Similarly, the Orient Express in Europe became a symbol of luxury and international travel, carrying passengers from Paris to Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sound of wheels on rails echoed (回响) through diverse landscapes, from the dry deserts of Australia to the snowy expanses of Siberia, as steam trains formed paths of connectivity across continents. During times of war, the role of steam trains extended to soldier transportation."同样，欧洲的东方快车也成为奢华和国际旅行的象征，将乘客从巴黎快速运送到伊斯坦布尔。从澳大利亚的干燥沙漠到西伯利亚的白雪皑皑，车轮在铁轨上有节奏的声音在不同的景观中回响，蒸汽火车形成了跨越大陆的连接之路。在战争时期，蒸汽火车的作用扩展到士兵运输。可推知，第4段旨在添加更多关于蒸汽火车作用的事实。故选B。
5．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"For Heritage railways, they dedicate to the restoration and operation of classic steam locomotives. From the Bluebell Railway in England to the Strasburg Rail Road in the United States, these living museums allow modern-day travelers to experience the magic of steam travel."对于遗产铁路，他们致力于修复和运营经典的蒸汽机车。从英国的蓝铃铁路到美国的斯特拉斯堡铁路，这些活生生的博物馆让现代旅行者体验到蒸汽旅行的魔力。可知，遗产铁路提供了一次时光倒流的旅行来应对蒸汽火车的衰落。故选C。
6．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Steam trains paved the way for modern-day transportation, but just how much do you know about them "蒸汽火车为现代交通铺平了道路，但你对它了解多少呢？结合文章主要介绍了蒸汽火车的历史起源、发展以及对历史的重要影响。可推知，文章选自历史论文。故选C。
（2024·广东模拟） 阅读理解
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
"If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清) spatial information about what's happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system," said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
"If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply," he said. "Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it's worth fully automating that process."
While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
7．How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A．By shortening their travel time.
B．By making their schedules tight.
C．By decreasing their transport cost.
D．By improving their safety awareness.
8．What can we know about the sensors placed on buses
A．They provide more spatial coverage.
B．They can't detect objects on the road.
C．They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D．They accurately record the flow of traffic.
9．What does the underlined word "surveillance" in paragraph 6 mean
A．Operation. B．Monitoring. C．Protection. D．Arrangement.
10．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Transportation automation is on its way
B．It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C．Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D．Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic
【答案】7．A
8．C
9．B
10．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster."研究人员提出了一种计算和跟踪公共道路上车辆的新方法，这一发展可以改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。可知，研究人员提出的是一种新的方法即在巴士上的摄像头能够帮助旅行者更快的到达目的地，即缩短出行时间。故选A。
8．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city."在之前的研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员发现，使用这些移动摄像头可以提供更好的空间和时间覆盖，而不是依赖于通常临时放置的传感器，这些传感器不能提供城市中许多街道和道路的视图。可知，安装在公交车上的传感器不能提供城市中许多道路和街道的视图。可推知，它们对城市交通的覆盖较少。故选C。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第二段"Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving."俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆；以及第六段中的"While still a long way from total implementation(实施), the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future ..."虽然距离全面实施还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来充满希望…。可知，安装在公交车上的摄像头能够自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆，虽然距离全面实施这项技术还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来的交通监控室充满希望的。划线词 surveillance是"监控"之意，故选B。
10．考查标题归纳。根据第二段中的"Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving." 俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆；以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。"安装在公交车上的摄像头可以更好地测量交通状况"概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。故选D。
（2021·江苏模拟）阅读理解
Welcome
to the Public Transport Guide for Parents
where you will find all the information and decisions you need to make to
prepare your child for travelling on Trans Link's public transport network in
South East Queensland.
We
have three planning tools to help you find the most suitable public transport
mode and school route for your child: School service finder. Journey planner,
and Qconnect journey planner.
My
TransLink is the official Queensland Government app for public transport in
South East Queensland, Mackay, Cairns. Toowoomba and Townsville.
When
using journey planner, make sure you select a date that falls on a school day
and choose between 'Depart' or 'Arrive before' to tailor your search.
You
can contact your local school bus operator for more information about the
school service and student assistance options.
If
you live outside South East Queensland, please contact your local Passenger and
School Transport Office.
To
find the best travel product for your child, visit student ticketing options.
The most common concession (特许) is the
child and student go cards:
·All
primary and secondary school students are qualified for a concession go card.
·
Concession fares are 50 percent of an adult fare.
·
A further 50 percent is deducted(扣除）after the
8th paid journey within a week (Monday to Sunday).
School
students 15 years and older must hold a valid student ID (issued by school) to
buy a green go card.
11．What is the passage aimed at
A．Encouraging people to use APP. B．Attracting people to Queensland.
C．Preparing children for education. D．Offering parents transport guide.
12．What do you have to do when using journey planner
A．Select a proper date. B．Arrive before a school day.
C．Live outside Queensland. D．Contact the local operator.
13．What can we learn about the go card
A．It's as cheap as the card for adults.
B．All students can apply for the card.
C．More discounts are offered on Monday.
D．The green card is for primary students.
【答案】11．D
12．A
13．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了the public transport guide，给家长提供了一些关于公共交通的建议和注意点。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
11．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Welcome to the Public Transport Guide for Parents where you will find all the information and decisions you need to make to prepare your child for travelling on Trans Link's public transport network in South East Queensland.”欢迎来到《家长公共交通指南》，为了让你的孩子准备好乘坐Trans Link位于昆士兰州东南部的公共交通网络，你可以在这里找到所有信息和你需要做的决定。可知，在此家长可以找到交通方面的建议，故选D。
12．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“When using journey planner, make sure you select a date that falls on a school day and choose between 'Depart' or 'Arrive before' to tailor your search.”使用“旅行规划”时，确保你选择的日期恰好是上学日，并在“出发”或“到达之前”之间进行选择，以调整你的搜索结果。可知，使用“旅行规划”时需要选择上学的日期，故选A。
13．考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段中的“All primary and secondary school students are qualified for a concession go card.”可知，所有中小学生都有资格获得优惠卡。故选B。
二、任务型阅读
（2023高三下·肥东模拟） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Public transport is in deep water in some countries. To those who have to squeeze onto the number 25 bus in London，or the A-train in New York，the change might not be noticeable. 14． .
Although transport agencies blame it on things like roadworks and broken signals，it seems more likely that they are being out competed. 15． Other upstarts like dock-less bicycles and battery powered "e-bikes" are also spreading. Mass transport，on the other hand，is much less flexible.
This is a headache for the operators of public transport systems. 16． But like it or not，public transport does some things very well. It provides a service for people who are too old，too young，too fearful or too drunk to drive or ride a bike. Trains and subways cause less pollution than cars and move people at far higher densities（密度）.
So，how to deal with the problem？ 17． Some cities have created congestion（拥堵） charging zones，but that is a hopelessly crude tool. Most congestion zones in effect sell daily tickets to drive around as much as you like within the zone — and charge vehicles such as taxis and minicabs nothing.
18． Although new forms of transport often compete with old ones，they ought to go well with each other. Taxi services and app-based cars could get people to and from airports and ports，which are often far from the urban core.
A. It is also a problem for cities.
B. It is probably the secret to keeping cities moving.
C. Transport agencies should also accept the upstarts.
D. To some extent，pricing road use properly can be a solution.
E. But passenger numbers are flat or falling in many countries.
F. App-based taxi services are more convenient than trains or buses.
G. Building a platform to allow that is hard，and requires joint efforts.
【答案】14．E；15．F；16．A；17．D；18．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了发达国家的公共交通正在衰退。发达国家公共交通目前存在的问题，并尝试提出自己的解决方案。
A. 这对城市来说也是一个问题。
B. 这可能是保持城市运转的秘诀。
C. 交通运输机构也应该接受这些新贵。
D. 在某种程度上，对道路使用进行合理定价可能是一种解决方案。
E. 但在许多国家，乘客数量持平或下降。
F. 基于app的出租车服务比火车或公交车更方便。
G. 建立一个实现这一目标的平台是困难的，需要共同努力。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。
14．根据上文"Public transport is in deep water in some countries.To those who have to squeeze onto the number 25 bus in London，or the A-train in New York，the change might not be noticeable在一些国家，公共交通陷入困境。那些不得不挤上伦敦25路公交车或纽约A列车的人来说，这种变化可能并不明显"，可知公共交通陷入困境，与空格处是表明具体表现就是乘客人数的下降，故选E。
15．根据上文"Although transport agencies blame it on things like roadworks and broken signals，it seems more likely that they are being out competed尽管交通部门将此归咎于道路施工和信号灯故障等问题，但似乎更有可能的情况是，他们在竞争中处于劣势"，可知公共交通即将面对的后果，与空格处是原因：新生交通力量大强大，例如下文中提到的"dock-less bicycles" 和"e-bikes"，因此F选项"App-based taxi services are more convenient than trains or buses基于应用程序的出租车服务比火车或公共汽车更方便"符合语境，故选F。
16．根据上文"This is a headache for the operators of public transport systems.这对公共交通系统的运营商来说是一个头疼的问题""以及下文"But like it or not，public transport does some things very well.It provides a service for people who are too old，too young，too fearful or too drunk to drive or ride a bike但不管你喜欢与否，公共交通在某些方面做得非常好。它为那些太老、太年轻、太害怕或太醉以至于不能开车或骑自行车的人提供服务"，可知公共交通系统的问题也涉及到整个城市的运行，与空格处是因果关系，因此A选项"It is also a problem for cities这也是城市面临的问题"符合语境，故选A。
17．根据上文"So，how to deal with the problem？那么，如何处理这个问题呢？"，可知要解决问题，需要解决方案，空格处是方案之一：合理定价道路使用。因此 D选项"To some extent，pricing road use properly can be a solution在某种程度上，合理定价道路使用可能是一个解决方案"与上文一致，符合语境，故选D。
18．根据下文"Although new forms of transport often compete with old ones，they ought to go well with each other.Taxi services and app-based cars could get people to and from airports and ports，which are often far from the urban core虽然新的交通方式常常与旧的交通方式竞争，但它们应该相互配合。出租车服务和基于应用程序的汽车可以让人们往返于机场和港口，这些地方往往远离市中心"，可知出租车服务和基于应用程序的汽车有它们的优点，因此C选项"Transport agencies should also accept the upstarts.运输机构也应该接受这些新兴交通力量"符合语境，故选C。
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·彭山模拟）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并填在答题卡的相应位置。
Have you ever wished your vacation could meet all your 19． (expect) Well this is possible when you choose 20． (go) on a cruise (游轮). Recently, cruises have become 21． (popular) places than traditional forms of traveling. 22． is not necessary to make reservations at different hotels, find places to dine, or arrange different transports in advance. Everything you can imagine is available whenever you want it on such 23． cruise ship.
Cruise ships are like miniature (小型的) cities on water. They are 24． (full) loaded with restaurants serving all kinds of dishes. The staterooms (特等客舱) can be compared to rooms 25． (find) in five-star hotels. The big difference is 26． you get to have a moving ocean view. What's more, there are activities designed for people of all ages and interests, and 27． (vary) sports facilities like gyms and rock climbing walls as well as clubs and shops are also accessible. Quality entertainments like Broadway shows and live music 28． (provide), too.
【答案】19．expectations；20．to go；21．more popular；22．It；23．a；24．fully；25．found；26．that；27．various/varied；28．are provided
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了乘船旅行这一旅行方式，已经比传统的旅游方式更受欢迎，以及说明了乘船旅行的优势。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，非谓语动词，形容词，代词，冠词，副词，表语从句，时态语态以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
19．句意：你是否曾希望你的假期能满足你所有的期望 此处名词作宾语，expectation"期望"为可数名词，由all修饰应用复数形式，故填expectations。
20．句意：嗯，当你选择乘船旅行时，这是可能的。choose to do sth.固定短语，"选择做某事"，故填to go。
21．句意：最近，游轮已经比传统的旅游方式更受欢迎。根据下文than traditional forms of traveling可知用形容词比较级，且popular为多音节词，故填more popular。
22．句意：没有必要在不同的酒店预订，找地方吃饭，或提前安排不同的交通工具。此处应用it做形式主语，真正主语为后文的不定式，it is not necessary to do sth.固定短语，"做某事是不必要的"。故填It。
23．句意：你可以想象的一切都是可用的，只要你想在这样的邮轮上。trip为可数名词，此处泛指"一次游轮之旅"应用不定冠词，且cruise为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
24．句意：他们满载着供应各种菜肴的餐厅。fully loaded固定短语，"满载着"，故填fully。
25．句意：特等房间堪比五星级酒店的客房。此空与逻辑主语room构成被动关系，应用过去分词。故填found。
26．句意：最大的不同是你可以看到移动的海景。 you get to have a moving ocean view 是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，应用that引导。故填that。
27．句意：更重要的是，有为所有年龄和兴趣的人设计的活动，和各种体育设施，如健身房和攀岩墙，以及俱乐部和商店。此处修饰名词短语sports facilities应用形容词，表示"各种体育设施"，故填various/varied。
28．句意：高质量的娱乐活动，如百老汇演出和现场音乐也提供。此处是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，且结合上文可知时态为一般现在时，主语为entertainments，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are provided。
四、书面表达
29．（2022·丰城模拟）你所在城市正在积极创建全国文明城市，但上学途中你发现仍然有人不遵守交通规则，乱扔垃圾，随地吐痰等等。现你校英语社团举办以"讲求文明，从我做起"为主题的征文活动，请你以"On the
Way to School"为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你打算如何做。
内容主要包括：1）遵守交通法规；2）注意举止文明。
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）短文的题目已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
4）参考词汇：人行横道 pedestrian crossing
On the Way to School
【答案】One possible version：
On the Way to School
These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.
As for me, it should start on my way to school. First, I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way. If I ride a bicycle, I'll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I'll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I'll regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.
I hope my behavior will make a difference.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以 "On the Way to School"为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈打算如何做 。写作背景： 你所在城市正在积极创建全国文明城市，但上学途中你发现仍然有人不遵守交通规则，乱扔垃圾，随地吐痰等等。现你校英语社团举办以"讲求文明，从我做起"为主题的征文活动。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1）遵守交通法规；2）注意举止文明。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. 运用了动名词作主语； If I ride a bicycle, I'll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. 运用了条件状语从句，时间状语从句；If I walk, I'll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing. 运用了条件状语从句；Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.运用了倒装句，并列句；I hope my behavior will make a difference.运用了宾语从句。
精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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热点时事话题专练14交通运输
主要内容
1 美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力
2 在城市里推广无人驾驶汽车会面临哪些问题以及该作何准备
3 蒸汽火车的历史起源、发展以及对历史的重要影响
4 研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆
5 给家长提供了一些关于公共交通的建议和注意点
6 发达国家公共交通目前存在的问题，并尝试提出自己的解决方案
7 乘船旅行这一旅行方式
8 以"On the
Way to School"为题，写一篇英语短文，参加校英语社团举办以"讲求文明，从我做起"为主题的征文活动
一、阅读理解
1．（2020·浙江）阅读理解
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard
in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice
in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal
cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push
it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like
the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle,
uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.
These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in
both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
"Adaptive signals can make sure that
the traffic demand that is there is being addressed," says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive
signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that
while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are
so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. "It's not going to fix everything, but
adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities," he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in
the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an
automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch,
the Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he
hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead
of just making them bigger.
（1）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Increased length of green lights. B．Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing of traffic signals. D．Smooth traffic flow on the road.
（2）What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals
A．They work better on broad roads.
B．They should be used in other cities.
C．They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D．They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
（3）What can we learn from Bellevue's success
A．It is rewarding to try new things.
B．The old methods still work today.
C．I pays to put theory into practice.
D．The simplest way is the best way.
2．（2018·北京）阅读理解
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
（1）According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A．help deal with transportation-related problems
B．provide better services to customers
C．cause damage to our environment
D．make some people lose jobs
（2）As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern
A．Safety. B．Side effects. C．Affordability. D．Management.
（3）What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Employed. B．Replaced. C．Shared. D．Reduced.
（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.
（2024高三上·宝鸡模拟） 阅读理解
Steam trains paved the way for modern-day transportation, but just how much do you know about them
The roots of steam trains can be traced back to the 18th century when the Scottish engineer James Watt improved steam engine technology. Watt's improvements significantly enhanced the efficiency of steam engines. This breakthrough paved the way for the application of steam power in various industries, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. As the 19th century started, George Stephenson used the power of steam to power locomotives (火车头), telling the age of steam-powered transportation.
Steam trains played a vital role in transforming the world into a connected network of nations. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in 1869 marked a historic moment, as steam locomotives linked the East and West coasts, reducing travel time and expanding economic, opportunities.
Similarly, the Orient Express in Europe became a symbol of luxury and international travel, carrying passengers from Paris to Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sound of wheels on rails echoed (回响) through diverse landscapes, from the dry deserts of Australia to the snowy expanses of Siberia, as steam trains formed paths of connectivity across continents. During times of war, the role of steam trains extended to soldier transportation.
While steam trains led the railway landscape for over a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival of electric and diesel locomotives, claiming greater efficiency and lower operational costs, and signaling a transformative shift.
As steam trains were not mainstream transportation, enthusiasts worldwide have preserved and restored steam locomotives, ensuring that these classic engine s continue to attract new generations with their nostalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stories continue to be told for ages to come.
For Heritage railways, they dedicate to the restoration and operation of classic steam locomotives. From the Bluebell Railway in England to the Strasburg Rail Road in the United States, these living museums allow modern-day travelers to experience the magic of steam travel. Riding the polished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitors experience a sensory voyage, connecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat of progress and adventure.
3．What marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
A．Rapid expansion of railways.
B．Advance of steam locomotives.
C．Great efficiency of transportation.
D．The use of steam power in industries.
4．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．Add more facts to the role of steam trains.
C．Share a historic moment.
D．Introduce the Orient Express.
5．How do Heritage railways react to the decline of steam trains
A．They welcome the arrival of electric engines.
B．They insist on using steam trains.
C．They offer a journey back in time.
D．They prefer to improve steam engines.
6．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A travel guide. B．A book review.
C．A history paper. D．A newspaper report.
（2024·广东模拟） 阅读理解
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
"If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清) spatial information about what's happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system," said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
"If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply," he said. "Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it's worth fully automating that process."
While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
7．How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A．By shortening their travel time.
B．By making their schedules tight.
C．By decreasing their transport cost.
D．By improving their safety awareness.
8．What can we know about the sensors placed on buses
A．They provide more spatial coverage.
B．They can't detect objects on the road.
C．They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D．They accurately record the flow of traffic.
9．What does the underlined word "surveillance" in paragraph 6 mean
A．Operation. B．Monitoring. C．Protection. D．Arrangement.
10．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Transportation automation is on its way
B．It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C．Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D．Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic
（2021·江苏模拟）阅读理解
Welcome
to the Public Transport Guide for Parents
where you will find all the information and decisions you need to make to
prepare your child for travelling on Trans Link's public transport network in
South East Queensland.
We
have three planning tools to help you find the most suitable public transport
mode and school route for your child: School service finder. Journey planner,
and Qconnect journey planner.
My
TransLink is the official Queensland Government app for public transport in
South East Queensland, Mackay, Cairns. Toowoomba and Townsville.
When
using journey planner, make sure you select a date that falls on a school day
and choose between 'Depart' or 'Arrive before' to tailor your search.
You
can contact your local school bus operator for more information about the
school service and student assistance options.
If
you live outside South East Queensland, please contact your local Passenger and
School Transport Office.
To
find the best travel product for your child, visit student ticketing options.
The most common concession (特许) is the
child and student go cards:
·All
primary and secondary school students are qualified for a concession go card.
·
Concession fares are 50 percent of an adult fare.
·
A further 50 percent is deducted(扣除）after the
8th paid journey within a week (Monday to Sunday).
School
students 15 years and older must hold a valid student ID (issued by school) to
buy a green go card.
11．What is the passage aimed at
A．Encouraging people to use APP. B．Attracting people to Queensland.
C．Preparing children for education. D．Offering parents transport guide.
12．What do you have to do when using journey planner
A．Select a proper date. B．Arrive before a school day.
C．Live outside Queensland. D．Contact the local operator.
13．What can we learn about the go card
A．It's as cheap as the card for adults.
B．All students can apply for the card.
C．More discounts are offered on Monday.
D．The green card is for primary students.
二、任务型阅读
（2023高三下·肥东模拟） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Public transport is in deep water in some countries. To those who have to squeeze onto the number 25 bus in London，or the A-train in New York，the change might not be noticeable. 14． .
Although transport agencies blame it on things like roadworks and broken signals，it seems more likely that they are being out competed. 15． Other upstarts like dock-less bicycles and battery powered "e-bikes" are also spreading. Mass transport，on the other hand，is much less flexible.
This is a headache for the operators of public transport systems. 16． But like it or not，public transport does some things very well. It provides a service for people who are too old，too young，too fearful or too drunk to drive or ride a bike. Trains and subways cause less pollution than cars and move people at far higher densities（密度）.
So，how to deal with the problem？ 17． Some cities have created congestion（拥堵） charging zones，but that is a hopelessly crude tool. Most congestion zones in effect sell daily tickets to drive around as much as you like within the zone — and charge vehicles such as taxis and minicabs nothing.
18． Although new forms of transport often compete with old ones，they ought to go well with each other. Taxi services and app-based cars could get people to and from airports and ports，which are often far from the urban core.
A. It is also a problem for cities.
B. It is probably the secret to keeping cities moving.
C. Transport agencies should also accept the upstarts.
D. To some extent，pricing road use properly can be a solution.
E. But passenger numbers are flat or falling in many countries.
F. App-based taxi services are more convenient than trains or buses.
G. Building a platform to allow that is hard，and requires joint efforts.
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·彭山模拟）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并填在答题卡的相应位置。
Have you ever wished your vacation could meet all your 19． (expect) Well this is possible when you choose 20． (go) on a cruise (游轮). Recently, cruises have become 21． (popular) places than traditional forms of traveling. 22． is not necessary to make reservations at different hotels, find places to dine, or arrange different transports in advance. Everything you can imagine is available whenever you want it on such 23． cruise ship.
Cruise ships are like miniature (小型的) cities on water. They are 24． (full) loaded with restaurants serving all kinds of dishes. The staterooms (特等客舱) can be compared to rooms 25． (find) in five-star hotels. The big difference is 26． you get to have a moving ocean view. What's more, there are activities designed for people of all ages and interests, and 27． (vary) sports facilities like gyms and rock climbing walls as well as clubs and shops are also accessible. Quality entertainments like Broadway shows and live music 28． (provide), too.
四、书面表达
29．（2022·丰城模拟）你所在城市正在积极创建全国文明城市，但上学途中你发现仍然有人不遵守交通规则，乱扔垃圾，随地吐痰等等。现你校英语社团举办以"讲求文明，从我做起"为主题的征文活动，请你以"On the
Way to School"为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你打算如何做。
内容主要包括：1）遵守交通法规；2）注意举止文明。
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）短文的题目已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
4）参考词汇：人行横道 pedestrian crossing
On the Way to School
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