2024年江苏中考英语专题突破：04阅读理解
Shaking hands seems like a gesture(手势) that has been used forever. A throne from the ancient Assyria Shalmaneser I in the 9th century BC clearly shows two persons shaking hands. The Homeric epic(荷马史诗) Iliad, dated back to the 8th century BC, also mentions that two persons “shook each other’s hands”. Centuries later, Shakespeare wrote in As You Like It that two persons “shook hands”. It might seem like shaking hands is an old custom, the roots(根) of which are lost to the sands of time.
Historians have noticed that shaking hands in the modern time doesn’t appear until the mid-19th century, when it was considered a little improper gesture that should only be used between friends.
The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to find. One of the earliest evidences(证据) is a 16th-century German translation of a French book which mentions shaking hands. There’s another evidence for a handshaking tradition at that time: In 1607, the writer James Cleland said that he’d rather shake the two right hands together instead of bowing(弯曲) down to everyone’s shoes and kissing hands.
As the centuries passed, handshaking was replaced(替代) by another greeting way like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in remote areas, where they’d use the gesture to reconcile after a fight. Then, the handshake appeared again as a standard greeting way that remains today.
Not everyone fell in love with the handshake, however. According to an article from December 1884, in France, for example, a society has been recently formed to stop using shake-hands.
Why was shaking hands considered as a good way of greeting The most popular explanation is that it uses the right hand, making it useless for weapon(武器) holding. In the 19th century, shaking hands without taking gloves away was quite rude and required to say sorry immediately.
Sadly, in a world where unknown translations provide only some evidence, the true reason may remain forever unknown.
1．What can we know from paragraph 1
A．Nothing can show the history of shaking hands.
B．The sands have taken away the way of greeting.
C．The lost time can’t be found any more.
D．The true reason for shaking hands is hard to find.
2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “reconcile” in Paragraph 4
A．work together with somebody else B．organize something peaceful
C．be friends with each other again D．live a happy life with others
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Handshaking was a popular way of greeting as early as the 19th century.
B．Not all people like the way of greeting each other by shaking hands.
C．People shake hands with right hands because they don’t need to take off gloves.
D．There are lots of facts showing the true reason for shaking hands.
4．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage
A．Evidence of handshake becoming a way of greeting
B．Some greeting manners around the world
C．The history of handshake as a way of greeting
D．A story of handshake as a way of greeting
Lots of kids don’t have perfect teeth, so don’t worry if yours aren’t straight. You might just need to see an orthodontist（正牙医生）who will tell you if you need braces（牙箍）.
Types of braces
Metal（金属的）braces are still used, but you might get braces that are the same color as your teeth instead. There are even braces that go behind your teeth where no one can see them. The wires（金属线）used in braces today are also smaller, and they can straighten your teeth faster.
________
Braces straighten teeth by putting pressure on your teeth over a period of time. The wires on your braces help to move your teeth, and the rubber bands（橡皮筋）help to correct the way your teeth line up.
People wear braces for different lengths of time, but for most people it’s usually about two years.
Life with braces
Braces act like magnets（磁体）for food, so you need to keep your teeth clean. You’ll have to stay away from some foods that are problems for braces, such as popcorn and candy. Sugary sodas（苏打水）and juice can cause a problem too, because the sugar stays on your teeth and may cause tooth decay（蛀牙）. Be sure to brush your teeth after meals.
5．The braces that are used today _______.
A．are cheaper B．no longer cause pain
C．are harder to notice D．are more colorful
6．Which of the following would be a good title for the second part of the text
A．What braces are made of B．Why people need braces
C．How to wear braces D．How braces work
7．What should you do when you wear braces
A．Brush your teeth after every meal.
B．Take your braces off while eating meals.
C．Drink sugary sodas and fruit juice.
D．Use special brushes to clean your braces.
8．What do we know from the text
A．Braces can cause tooth decay.
B．Rubber bands help to move teeth.
C．Lots of kids wear metal braces these days.
D．Most people wear braces for about two years.
Ben was riding in the back seat of a car this summer when he recognized the tune(曲调) on the radio.
“I thought, ‘That’s my song!’” says Ben, who’s almost 8 years old. “I was proud.”
He should be proud when he rocks out to “Backstroke Raptor”. It is a peppy ode(颂歌) to a water-loving dinosaur who helps his buddies fix a boat and go away from their island. The plot was Ben’s idea.
“Children’s ideas are just cooler than adults’.” says director Lee. He set up The Story Pirates in 2004. He became interested in kid-written material while at Northwestern University. “When I graduated, I was still interested in work by kids,” he says.
“The secret sauce of Story Pirates is that we allow kids to write about what they want,” says producer Sam. That could be a flying purple doughnut(甜甜圈), or something more realistic, like what happened in their daily life, he says.
“We really try to stress that this isn’t a competition and Ben isn’t a winner,” Lee says. “He’s just one of thousands of kids who sent us a story. We happened to pick that one.”
Although kid writers aren’t in the room while The Story Pirates develop their plays and so Lee says they’re never forgotten. If there are gaps to fill in, the goal is to make sure any added material stays true to the original(起初的) story.
Podcast(播客) listeners get to hear the kids’ voices during interviews about how the writer came up with his or her story.
After talking to Lee for the podcast—which aired in January—Ben went to New York with his family to see “Backstroke Raptor” performed onstage by actors in costumes.
When he grows up, Ben wants to be an engineer. But he’s not done with being a writer. “Coming up with stories is about figuring out how to put parts together,” he adds. “Think about the characters, the setting, the problem and how to solve it,” Ben explains.
His mother, Maryam Brown, says that process suits Ben. “He has a mind for machines and building, and that’s who he is,” she says. “But the creativity is also who he is.”
9．When Ben heard the tune on the radio, he felt ________.
A．tired but excited B．excited and satisfied
C．satisfied but scared D．tired and bored
10．The underlined word “realistic” means “________”.
A．possible to achieve B．of great value C．with no hope D．able to plan carefully
11．According to the article, which of the following about The Story Pirates is true
A．It aims to make sure actors perform onstage in costumes.
B．It allows children to write about whatever they would like.
C．It is a competition and children with exciting ideas will win.
D．It was set up in 2004 and kid writers can be easily forgotten.
12．What is the best title for the passage
A．The most popular idea B．Helping kids realize dreams
C．How to make up stories D．Kids’ creativity is a treasure
Friendship
“Give me a dollar and I’ll be your best friend.”
Madeline smiled as she said that to me.
She was so pretty and so popular,
With shiny brown hair and a confident smile.
I thought, “Everyone wants to be Madeline’s friend.”
I was new to the school, and different, and shy.
I needed a friend, and she was the best!
My uncle had given me birthday money,
Crisp, new bills I was saving
For a playhouse my father would build
With a door and three windows—I could see it already—
A place just for me and a friend, if I wanted.
But I needed a friend, and here was my chance.
Next day in the schoolyard I gave her the dollar.
She flashed me that smile—or was it a laugh —
And next thing I knew she had disappeared.
That’s when it hit me, the shame and the tears,
Which I couldn’t cry, or the whole school would know
How low I would go, that I needed a friend.
There she was laughing at me with her buddies.
If only the ground would swallow me up!
Luckily, summer was coming soon.
I wouldn’t see any of them till the fall.
Even the worst times come to an end,
And this year I made a new friend who
Likes me for me: still shy, kind of awkward,
Not good at sports, but sometimes funny.
Her smile is a real one, and of course,
She never asks me for money.
—Joan Kocsis
13．Madeline is best described as ________ in the poem.
A．shy B．dishonest C．funny D．brave
14．Line 21 says, “If only the ground would swallow me up!” What does this line mean
A．The writer wished she could disappear.
B．The ground in the schoolyard was too hard.
C．She did not feel good and could not swallow.
D．The speaker hoped that an earthquake would happen.
15．Why does the writer use the words “I needed a friend” three times in this poem
A．To emphasize. B．To add more information.
C．To show cause and effect. D．To compare or contrast.
16．What lesson does the writer want to tell in this poem
A．You can have only one best friend. B．Work hard and do your best at school.
C．Money cannot buy happiness. D．Save your money for things you really need.
Mattel is known for making children’s toys. The company recently used an AI image generator called DALL-E to come up with ideas for new toy cars The used vehicle seller CarMax is using ChatGPT to gather thousands of customer comments. The social media service Snapchat has added a chatbot to its messaging service. And Instacart, a delivery service, now uses ChatGPT to answer food questions.
Even the Coca-Cola company plans to use AI to help create new marketing content. It has not said exactly how it plans to use the technology. But the move shows that businesses are under stress to use the tools that many of their employees and customers are already trying on their own.
“We must take the risks,” Coca-Cola CEO James Quincey said in a video announcing a partnership with OpenAI—maker of both DALL-E and ChatGPT. Some experts warn that businesses should carefully consider possible harms to customers, society, and their own companies before choosing to use AI tools in the workplace.
Claire Leibowicz is with The Partnership on AI, a non-profit group. “I want people to think deeply before using this technology,” Leibowicz said. “They should play around….but we should also think, what purpose are these tools serving in the first place ” There is a reason for the concern.
While text generators like ChatGPT can make the process of writing emails and marketing documents faster and easier, they also appear to present misinformation as fact.
And image generators like DALL-E are trained in copying widely available digital art and photography. This has raised copyright concerns from the creators of those works. “For companies that are really in the creative industry, if they want to make sure that they have copyright protection for those models, that's still an open question,” said Anna Gressel. She is with the law firm Debevoise & Plimpton, which advises businesses on how to use AI.
Gressel said it is safer to use AI tools as a “thought partner” but still people as the creator of final products.
Rowan Curran is with the research and advisory company Forrester. He said AI tools should speed up some office work much like using word processors and spell checkers.
The growing interest in AI tools among the public has fueled growing competition among technology companies Microsoft, Amazon and Google.
Microsoft announced earlier this year it was spending billions more dollars on its partnership with OpenAI. Google is adding Bard chatbot to its search engine. And Amazon started working with Hugging Face to develop Bloom, a competitor to ChatGPT.
17．The writer mentioned several companies from Paragraph 1 to 2 to ________.
A．tell a story B．solve a problem C．introduce a subject D．give an example
18．What does the underlined word “concern” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Worry. B．Problem. C．Unhappiness. D．Thought.
19．What can we learn from the passage
A．The usage of artificial intelligence (AI) tools remains to be explored.
B．More actions should be taken to reduce the risk of artificial intelligence (AI) tools.
C．Artificial intelligence (AI) tools require to be improved.
D．More people will care about artificial intelligence (AI) tools.
20．The public are ________about the future of artificial intelligence (AI) tools.
A．crazy B．uncertain C．worried D．confident
Ann wanted to play in the Community Orchestra（管弦乐队）, but she was nervous. She thought the music might be too difficult. The first day she was so nervous that she could hardly tune the strings（调音）of her instrument. The only orchestra she had ever played in was the one at school. After a few rehearsals（排练）, she was comfortably playing along with everyone else. She realized that there was no reason to be nervous and began to enjoy herself.
In rehearsals, Ann became friends with Danny, who sat next to her. Danny was always helpful. Ann liked to ask him questions about music. Danny’s parents were musicians. They had started teaching Danny music when he was only five years old. Ann couldn’t imagine playing the violin at that age. Danny told her that many famous musicians and composers started studying music at a very young age.
Another orchestra member who became a friend of Ann’s was Marie. Marie played the clarinet（单簧管）. After rehearsal, she would tell Ann funny stories. Marie said that when she played the clarinet at home as a child, it squeaked so much that she got the nickname “Squeaky”. That was a long time ago. Now Marie had a beautiful tone on the clarinet. Sometimes, just to make Ann laugh, Marie would make her clarinet squeak. Even though Marie was much older than Ann, the two became good friends.
The orchestra was rehearsing music for the spring concert. Ann liked all the composers, but Mozart was her favourite. Some of her friends didn’t understand why she liked Mozart. But they promised to come to the spring concert anyway. Ann’s family was also planning to attend the concert. They didn’t know any of these composers either. Ann looked forward to the event, and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert.
On the night of the spring concert, Ann was excited. She had never played for so many people before. Danny and Marie both told her that the spring concert is always fun. Ann knew that she would enjoy it. The conductor（指挥）, who usually seemed quite calm, was nervous. Ann was surprised because she knew that he had been in big concerts all over the world for at least 40 years. After the concert was over, the conductor seemed pleased. He praised the members of the orchestra for their fine performance.
21．Which BEST describes Ann at the beginning of the passage
A．She was excited to make new friends. B．She was afraid she would make a mess.
C．She was willing to try something new. D．She was not interested in playing music.
22．Which of the following is TRUE about Ann’s friends
A．Not all her friends loved Mozart’s music. B．Danny often asked Ann a lot about music.
C．Her friends would learn to play the violin. D．Marie could play the clarinet well as a child.
23．What most probably explains why Ann didn’t want it to rain
A．Ann’s friends didn’t like the rain. B．The concert was going to be held outside.
C．The concert was going to be held at night. D．Ann couldn’t walk to the concert in the rain.
24．What would happen later in the passage
A．Ann would decide to be a conductor. B．Ann would play in many more concerts.
C．Ann and Marie will teach children music. D．Ann and Danny would join another orchestra.
To some people, there is nothing more appetizing (开胃的) than the smell of meat cooking over an open air. Throughout the world, people love to eat barbecue (烧烤), because it helps bring friends and families together. Having a barbecue makes people think about how things were with their ancestors. Cooking over coals or an open flame makes people feel more social.
Most countries have barbecue traditions and they usually take place on national holidays. In the United States, it is a tradition to have a barbecue of hamburgers and hot dogs on July 4, which is Independence Day.
In South America, especially in Argentina, barbecue is a way of life. All sorts of meats and sausages are put on a large grill (烤架) together over hot coals. Barbecue is even considered the national dish in Argentina, and it is given the name asado in Portuguese. This means not only the dish but also the social event that surrounds an Argentinean barbecue.
When a person speaks about Turkish and Middle Eastern barbecue, the Kebab immediately comes to mind. The tradition of taking different meats, and sometimes vegetables as well, and spearing (月尖物刺穿) them with a sharp stack has crossed cultural lines today. Practically anywhere in the English-speaking world, the thought of shish-kebab will make barbecue lovers’ mouth water.
Wherever you go in the world, you are almost certain to come across a local method of preparing barbecue. If you visit different places, be bold and try whatever the local specialties (特色菜) are.
25．Which of the following is the Kebab
A． B． C． D．
26．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．barbecue is a healthy way of eating meat
B．local barbecue specialties is found all over the world
C．the tradition of having a barbecue will stop soon
D．barbecue is considered a way of life in the USA
27．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
28．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To stop people from eating barbecue. B．To encourage people to eat more barbecue.
C．To tell people the world barbecue traditions. D．To introduce barbecue lovers in different places.
From pointing to nodding, people often use gestures to create language. Now, research has shown that humans can also understand sign language used by apes(类人猿).
For years, scientists have been studying how apes use gestures. But no one studied whether humans could understand the gestures of apes. Researchers at a university in the UK decided to test the idea.
The researchers created a game for people to play online. The game was simple. People watched short videos of apes making a gesture. Then they had to choose the correct meaning of the gesture out of four possible answers. For the videos, the researchers chose 10 of the most common gestures used by apes. Thousands of people played the game.
The researchers were surprised to find that people were able to choose the correct meaning of the gestures over 50% of the time. That’s twice as good as people would be expected to do by chance. For some of the gestures, people were able to choose the correct meaning about 80% of the time. One example was the gesture of wiping (擦拭) the mouth, which people correctly guessed meant “give me that food”. The researchers believe that humans may have a natural ability to understand the gestures of apes. But it’s not clear why.
Humans and other apes all developed from an earlier kind of ape that lived long ago. One possibility is that the body language of these gestures has been passed down from this shared ancestor. Another possibility is that the gestures are a natural result of humans and apes sharing similar body shapes and needing to communicate similar ideas. It’s also possible that the gestures simply look like the actions they are requesting.
29．What does the underlined part the idea refer to
A．Whether apes create sign language.
B．Whether humans have the same ancestor as apes.
C．Whether people understand apes’ gestures.
D．Whether humans and apes use the same gestures.
30．How did the researchers test people
A．By holding exams. B．By using an online game.
C．By asking them questions. D．By creating videos of apes.
31．If an ape wipes its mouth in front of Jack, the ape ________.
A．asks for some food B．shows that it is full
C．tells him to eat more D．wants him to go away
32．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The researchers did the test in the USA．
B．People did worse in the test than expected.
C．Why humans understand apes gestures is uncertain.
D．There are many studies on how humans understand apes.
33．Which is the best way to divide the passage
A．①②/③④⑤ B．①②③/④⑤ C．①②/③/④⑤ D．①/②③④/⑤
If you’re working to become better or hoping to make a change, you’ll probably hear your family and friends say “go big or go home’’. They think you should set high expectations. But is it really good
Having high expectations could be good. It can motivate you. When you have high expectations for something, you’ll probably try your best to make them come true. For example, if you believe that you can get an A in a test, you will probably spend a lot of time working on it. Also, when you start meeting your expectations, you’ll set even higher expectations for yourself. Besides, having high expectations on yourself doesn’t only do you good. It will make a difference to others.
But if your expectations are too high to realize, it can be bad. Having high expectations can sometimes lead to mind problems, such as worry and unhappiness. The findings of a study showed that some students were under serious stress because they wanted to be perfect. Great expectations can also let you down. This is especially true when you set expectations on other people whose actions you cannot control. For example, if you’re feeling alone and you call up your friends, you surely expect them to make you feel better. When this fails to happen, you will feel down and unsatisfied with your friends. To avoid this situation, you should set your expectations realistically (切合实际地).
It is hard to manage expectations, but the main thing is to set a more realistic and achievable expectation.
34．What do your family and friends want you to do when they say “go big or go home”
A．To cheer others up. B．To go home at once.
C．To set high expectations. D．To spend a lot of time with them.
35．Why were some students under serious stress
A．Their family didn’t support them. B．Their study results were terrible.
C．Their friends didn’t care about them. D．Their expectations are too high to realize.
36．How can you avoid feeling down when setting expectations on others
A．By calling up your friends. B．By controlling their actions.
C．By making others feel better. D．By setting your expectations realistically.
37．What is the best title for the text
A．Right views on Setting Expectations. B．Valuable Advice on Realizing Expectations.
C．Possible Reasons for Meeting Expectations. D．Serious Problems in Achieving Expectations.
I love snakes. My mom definitely does not. When she was a kid, snakes used to hide in warm spots under the furniture. So she grew up afraid she’d step on a snake. I grew up hoping I’d see one outside! In fact, lots of people who are afraid of snakes have never even seen one. So where does our fear come from
Scientists wonder about this, too. Their experiments with adults, kids and even babies show that it’s complicated. People may not be born afraid of snakes, but we are born able to see them quickly. In tests with pictures, people picked out snakes faster than they could find flowers, frogs, and caterpillars. It wasn’t just snakes, though. People also found spiders and angry faces faster than “safe” things like flowers. It seems like we find things that might be dangerous to us faster than things that aren’t.
People also learn to fear snakes faster than we learn to fear many other things. We take our hints (提示) from other people’s scared voices and faces. Some scientists think we have evolved this way—faster to see snakes and faster to learn to fear them. After all, if we had to be bitten by a snake to learn that it’s dangerous, we might learn our lesson too late.
So why does it matter whether we’re afraid of snakes It may not matter much to us, but it matters a lot to snakes. People protect animals they like, not animals they fear. Snakes may not be as cute as dolphins, but they’re just as important to the environment. Snakes eat insects that are pests to humans. Snakes are also food for other animals, so when we kill snakes, we’re hurting other creatures, too.
How do we overcome our fear to give snakes a chance Scientists did a study recently where students of your age went on a field trip. Guides helped them find and capture snakes in the forest. Everyone could safely touch and hold the snake. It turns out that snakes aren’t so bad when you get to know them. Most people who were afraid of snakes before the field trip weren’t afraid afterward. In fact, snakes even became some students’ favorite animal. Hmm, maybe I should take my mom on the next field trip.
Remember: Always respect snakes, whether you’re afraid of them or not.
38．We learn from Paragraph 1 that her mom’s fear of snakes is ________.
A．unreasonable B．questionable C．acceptable D．doubtful
39．According to Paragraph 3, people’s fear comes from ________.
A．school education B．others’ influence C．self-experience D．scientific researches
40．Which paragraph shows people how to get past their fear of snakes
A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraph 3. C．Paragraph4. D．Paragraph5.
41．Which of the following will the author agree with
A．Snakes are not dangerous at all. B．Humans are born afraid of snakes.
C．Snakes have been well protected by humans. D．People should learn to make peace with snakes.
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了握手作为现在非常重要的一种问候方式，起初并不具备问候的意义，之后成为问候方式的原因，其中有些目前还有待考证。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A throne from the ancient Assyria Shalmaneser I in the 9th century BC clearly shows two persons shaking hands. The Homeric epic(荷马史诗) Iliad, dated back to the 8th century BC, also mentions that two persons “shook each other’s hands”. Centuries later, Shakespeare wrote in As You Like It that two persons “shook hands”. It might seem like shaking hands is an old custom, the roots(根) of which are lost to the sands of time.”主要讲述了握手在早世纪的一些存在，也说明了握手的真正原因很难找到。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据后面“after a fight”打架之后握手，可知是和好，再一次成为朋友的意思。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Not everyone fell in love with the handshake, however.”可知，不是所有人都喜欢握手问候。故选B。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文及根据最后一段“Sadly, in a world where unknown translations provide only some evidence, the true reason may remain forever unknown.”可知，本文主要讲述了握手成为现在非常重要的一种问候方式的一些原因和证明。故选A。
5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D
【导语】本文主要讲了牙套的种类，牙套是如何起作用的以及戴牙套后的生活是怎样的。
5．细节理解题。根据“Metal（金属的）braces are still used, but you might get braces that are the same color as your teeth instead. There are even braces that go behind your teeth where no one can see them. The wires（金属线）used in braces today are also smaller,”可知，金属牙箍仍然被使用，但你可能会得到与牙齿颜色相同的牙套。牙套也可以藏在你的牙齿后面让人不再看见，牙套使用的线也更细了。所以可知，现在的牙套更难被看见了。故选C。
6．最佳标题题。根据第二部分“Braces straighten teeth by putting pressure on your teeth over a period of time. The wires on your braces help to move your teeth, and the rubber bands（橡皮筋）help to correct the way your teeth line up. People wear braces for different lengths of time, but for most people it’s usually about two years.”可知，牙套通过在一段时间内对牙齿施加压力来拉直牙齿，矫正器上的金属丝有助于移动牙齿，橡皮筋有助于矫正牙齿的排列方式。人们戴着牙套的时间长短不一，但是对于大多数人来说，通常大约是两年。所以第二部分主要在讲牙套是怎么发挥作用的。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第三部分“Be sure to brush your teeth after meals.”可知，每顿饭之后都一定要刷牙。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据第二部分“People wear braces for different lengths of time, but for most people it’s usually about two years.”可知，人们戴着牙套的时间长短不一，但是对于大多数人来说，通常大约是两年。故选D。
9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文主要通过Ben的事例告诉我们，孩子的创造力是一种财富。
9．推理判断题。根据“I was proud.”可知，当他听到收音机里的这首曲子时，他应该是感到兴奋和满意。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据“like what happened in their daily life”可知，发生在日常生活中的事情，也就是现实中可能实现的事，划线单词与“possible to achieve”近义。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“The secret sauce of Story Pirates is that we allow kids to write about what they want”可知，它允许孩子们写任何他们想写的东西。故选B。
12．最佳标题题。本文通过Ben的事例告诉我们，孩子的创造力是一种财富。故选D。
13．B 14．A 15．A 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章是一首有关友谊的诗歌。
13．推理判断题。根据“Next day in the schoolyard I gave her the dollar. She flashed me that smile—or was it a laugh —And next thing I knew she had disappeared. That’s when it hit me, the shame and the tears,”可知，Madeline欺骗了她。选项B“不诚实的”符合语境。故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据“That’s when it hit me, the shame and the tears, Which I couldn’t cry, or the whole school would know”和“There she was laughing at me with her buddies.”可推测，作者觉得很耻辱，Madeline嘲笑她，因此想找个地洞钻进去。故选A。
15．推理判断题。整首诗表达了作者想要找朋友的需求，重复“I needed a friend”的作用是为了强调作者迫切的心理。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据“Give me a dollar and I’ll be your best friend”和最后“And this year I made a new friend whoLikes me for me: still shy, kind of awkward, Not good at sports, but sometimes funny. Her smile is a real one, and of course, She never asks me for money.”可知，首位呼应，作者想告诉大家钱和友谊是不对等的，不能换来真的朋友。故选C。
17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了人工智能，介绍了它的潜在风险以及前景。
17．推理判断题。根据“It has not said exactly how it plans to use the technology. But the move shows that businesses are under stress to use the tools that many of their employees and customers are already trying on their own.”以及“Some experts warn that businesses should carefully consider possible harms to customers, society, and their own companies before choosing to use AI tools in the workplace.”可知，使用这项科技可能会承担某些风险，故此处举例子用来引出话题。故选C。
18．词义猜测题。根据“I want people to think deeply before using this technology,”以及“but we should also think, what purpose are these tools serving in the first place ”可知，在使用这项科技时应深度考虑使用这些科技第一目的是什么，这是一个担忧。故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据“For companies that are really in the creative industry, if they want to make sure that they have copyright protection for those models, that's still an open question,” said Anna Gressel. She is with the law firm Debevoise & Plimpton, which advises businesses on how to use AI.”可知，因为人工智能的风险性，人们在使用人工智能时应慎重。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“The growing interest in AI tools among the public has fueled growing competition among technology companies Microsoft, Amazon and Google.”可知，因为人们的兴趣加速了科技公司之间的竞争。故选D。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．B
【导语】本文讲述了Ann参加社区管弦乐团并在音乐会上演出的故事。
21．推理判断题。根据“Ann wanted to play in the Community Orchestra（管弦乐队）, but she was nervous. She thought the music might be too difficult. The first day she was so nervous that she could hardly tune the strings（调音）of her instrument.”可知，Ann刚开始太紧张了，觉得音乐可能太难了，由此可推知，她害怕自己把一切都搞砸了。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据“Some of her friends didn’t understand why she liked Mozart.”可知，Ann的一些朋友不能理解她为什么这么喜欢莫扎特，说明不是她的所有朋友都喜欢莫扎特的音乐。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据“Ann looked forward to the event, and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert.”可知，Ann很期待这场活动，她希望音乐会那天晚上不要下雨，结合选项，可推知，这场音乐会最有可能是在室外举行，下雨就会导致音乐会取消。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据“On the night of the spring concert, Ann was excited. She had never played for so many people before.”可知，音乐会那天晚上，Ann非常兴奋，她从来没有在那么多人面前演出过，表演非常成功，这给了她极大的信心，由此推知，她接下来应是要参加更多的演出。故选B。
25．A 26．B 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文介绍了烧烤在全世界都很受欢迎。
25．推理判断题。根据“When a person speaks about Turkish and Middle Eastern barbecue, the Kebab immediately comes to mind.”可知，Kebab是土耳其和中东烤肉的一种叫法；再根据“he tradition of taking different meats, and sometimes vegetables as well, and spearing (月尖物刺穿) them with a sharp stack has crossed cultural lines today.”可知，Kebab这种烧烤是将肉或蔬菜用尖物刺穿，再进行烧烤；结合选项，A选项符合描述。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据“Wherever you go in the world, you are almost certain to come across a local method of preparing barbecue.”可知，无论你走到世界的哪个地方，你几乎肯定会遇到一种当地的烧烤方法。由此可推知，世界各地都有当地特色的烧烤。故选B。
27．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了烧烤的受欢迎程度；第二段到第四段分别讲了不同国家的烧烤特色；最后一段是总结全文。故B选项符合题意。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了烧烤在全世界都很受欢迎。由此推知，作者的写作意图是告诉人们世界烧烤的传统。故选C。
29．C 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家觉得人类可以明白类人猿的手势的意思。
29．词句猜测题。根据“But no one studied whether humans could understand the gestures of apes. Researchers at a university in the UK decided to test the idea.”（但没有人研究人类是否能理解猿类的手势。英国一所大学的研究人员决定验证这一想法。）可知，the idea指的是“whether humans could understand the gestures of apes人类是否能理解猿类的手势”。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据“The researchers created a game for people to play online. The game was simple.”可知，通过玩网络游戏来测试的，故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据“One example was the gesture of wiping (擦拭) the mouth, which people correctly guessed meant ‘give me that food’”可知，擦嘴的手势，它的意思是“把食物给我”，故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据“The researchers believe that humans may have a natural ability to understand the gestures of apes. But it’s not clear why.”可知，人类为什么能理解类人猿的手势还不确定。故选C。
33．篇章结构题。第一段是引出“人类也能理解类人猿使用的手语”该主题，第二段到第四段主要介绍的是研究过程；第五段是推断人类明白人猿手势的原因，D项符合文章结构的划分。故选D。
34．C 35．D 36．D 37．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了期望过高的好处与坏处。通过举例子，引导人们要对自己或他人要抱有切合实际的期望。
34．细节理解题。根据原文“you’ll probably hear your family and friends say “go big or go home’’. They think you should set high expectations. ”可知，当家人朋友说“要么出众，要么出局”时，他们是在鼓励你抱有更高的期望。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据原文“But if your expectations are too high to realize, it can be bad...The findings of a study showed that some students were under serious stress because they wanted to be perfect...”和后文的一些实例可知，一些学生有压力是因为期望过高而无法实现导致的。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据原文“To avoid this situation, you should set your expectations realistically (切合实际地).”可知，要想避免失望，就应该对他人抱有切合实际的期望。故选D。
37．最佳标题题。全文都是在论述关于高期望的利与弊。故选A。
38．C 39．B 40．D 41．D
【导语】本文以科学家所做的研究来介绍了人们怕蛇的恐惧从何而来，还介绍了如何克服对蛇的恐惧，以及告诉人们要尊重蛇，与蛇和平共处。
38．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“My mom definitely does not. When she was a kid, snakes used to hide in warm spots under the furniture. So she grew up afraid she’d step on a snake.”可知因为小时候蛇经常藏在家具里，所以长大后妈妈害怕它，妈妈怕蛇是有原因的，可得出妈妈怕蛇是可以接受的。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据“People also learn to fear snakes faster than we learn to fear many other things. We take our hints (提示) from other people’s scared voices and faces. Some scientists think we have evolved this way—faster to see snakes and faster to learn to fear them.”可知科学家认为人们在进化时，能更快地学会害怕蛇，所以人们能从别人害怕的声音和表情中得到暗示，快速地学会害怕蛇，因此人们的恐惧来自他人的影响。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据“How do we overcome our fear to give snakes a chance ”可知第五段主要讲如何克服对蛇的恐惧。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据“Snakes may not be as cute as dolphins, but they’re just as important to the environment. Snakes eat insects that are pests to humans. Snakes are also food for other animals, so when we kill snakes, were hurting other creatures, too. (蛇可能不像海豚那么可爱，但它们对环境同样重要。蛇吃对人类有害的昆虫。蛇也是其他动物的食物，所以当我们杀死蛇的时候，我们也伤害了其他动物。)”和最后一段“Remember: Always respect snakes, whether you’re afraid of them or not. (记住：永远尊重蛇，不管你是否害怕它们。)”可知，蛇对环境同样重要，蛇能吃对人类有害的昆虫，杀了蛇就伤害了其他动物和环境，可得出作者认为我们要保护蛇、与蛇和睦相处，人与自然和谐共生。故选D。
精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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