2024年中考英语冲刺模拟试卷天津专用(原卷版+解析版)

2024中考英语冲刺模拟试卷(天津专用)
(满分100分)
一.单项填空(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)
1.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)Nemo is ______ cute orange-and-white fish and Shrek is ______ ugly green animal.They look very different,but both of them have won _____ hearts of young people all over the world.(  )
A. a,an,the B. a,an , / C. a,a,the D. the,the, /
【答案】A
【解析】定冠词the常用来表特指;不定冠词泛指"一个,一次"等,不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前,不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前。题中前两空表泛指,ugly发音以元音音素开头,其前用不定冠词an;cute发音以辅音音素开头,其前用不定冠词a;第三空表特指,用the。
故选:A。
尼莫是一条可爱的橙白相间的鱼,史莱克是一只丑陋的绿色动物。他们看起来很不一样,但他们都赢得了全世界年轻人的心。
熟悉冠词的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
2.(2023·天津市·历年真题) teacher talked to about the stories of the Silk Road.
A. Our;us B. Our;we C. Ours;us D. Ours;we
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们的老师给我们讲了丝绸之路的故事。本题考查人称代词和物主代词的用法。our我们的,形容词性物主代词;ours我们的,名词性物主代词;us我们,人称代词宾格;we我们,人称代词主格;根据句意第一空是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词teacher;第二空前有介词to,所以用人称代词宾格形式。故选A。
3.(2023·天津市·历年真题)While we an English song, some visitors came to our class.
A. sing B. will sing C. were singing D. are singing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:当我们正在唱一首英文歌时,一些来访者来到我们班。sing唱。A.一般现在时;B.一般将来时;C.过去进行时;D.现在进行时。根据came,可知时态和过去相关;该句是while引导的时间状语从句,常用进行时表 动作在进 ,we接were+doing。故选C。
4.(2024·江苏省·同步练习)His beautiful music has brought ______ to people all over the world.
A. difficulty B. pleasure C. weather D. danger
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他优美的音乐给全世界的人带来了快乐。difficulty困难;pleasure快乐;weather天气;danger危险。根据"他优美的音乐"可知"给全世界的人带来了快乐"。故选:B。
5.(2022·全国·同步练习)I'm ______ things for my trip because I like to get things ready earlier.
A. keeping clear of B. making a list of
C. getting on well with D. winning the heart of
【答案】B
【解析】结合句意,我正在为我的旅行______,因为我喜欢早点为事情做计划。结合选项,keep clear of 避开;make a list of 制作……的清单;get on well with 与……相处很好;win the heart of 赢得……的心。结合语境,可知需要用短语make a list of。结合前面有am,可知用现在进行时,用making a list of。故选B。
6.(2021·天津市·历年真题)When I was young, my parents taught me ______ older people kindly.
A. treats B. to treat C. treated D. treat
【答案】B
【解析】句意:当我小的时候,我的父母教我要善待老年人。teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事,固定短语。故选B。
7.(2023·全国·模拟题)My cousin became a country doctor ____________ he finished medical school.
A. after B. so that C. but D. so
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我的堂兄从医学院毕业后当了一名乡村医生。A. after在……之后 B. so that以便于 C. but但是 D. so因此。根据he finished medical school, 可知是指毕业后当了一名乡村医生。故选:A。
8.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)Here is some________ on the best cities for your studying abroad.(  )
A. information B. idea C. suggestion D. photo
【答案】A
【解析】information信息,idea想法,suggestion建议;photo照片。根据语法要求,is是单数,而some表示一些,那么空格处应填不可数名词,四个单词中只有information是不可数名词,结合句意可知A符合题意。
故选:A。
这儿有一些关于你出国留学的最佳城市的信息。
要在理解名词意思的基础上,根据具体语境和提示,仔细分析,完成试题。
9.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)Most people are _____building a paper factory near here.They are worried the river get polluted.(  )
A. for B. with C. against D. without
【答案】C
【解析】for"为了";with"和...一起;against"反对";without"没有"。根据句意可知是反对修建。be for支持;be against反对。
故选:C。
大多数人反对在这附近建一家造纸厂。他们担心这条河会被污染。
熟练掌握介词的用法,分析选项,结合句意选择正确答案。
10.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)Learning will become much________ if you find the proper way.(  )
A. more easier B. easiest C. easy D. easier
【答案】D
【解析】根据Learning English will become much_____ if you find the proper way,可知这里much后面一般跟比较级形式,这里放在系动词become后面用形容词形式。more可以放在多音节形容词或副词前面构成比较级,但是不能修饰比较级;easiest是最高级形式。
故选:D。
如果你找到正确的方法,学习英语就会变得容易得多。
熟练掌握比较级的变法,根据具体的语境仔细分析选择恰当的比较级形式。
11.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)Mr.White came to our school in 2008,and since then he ______ us English.(  )
A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach
【答案】C
【解析】答案:C 现在完成时基本用法之一:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态,常与since或for引导的时间状语连用.结合句意,根据since then,可知应该用现在完成时态.现在完成时态的构成:助动词have/has+过去分词,根据主语Mr.White是第三人单数,所以应该用has,故选:C.
怀特先生2008年,来到我们学校.从那以后他就一直教我们英语.
本题主要考查动词时态,做此类题目一定注意时间状语,注意句子所表达的含义,才能更好地判断.同时更应记清时态的构成形式.就本题而言,主要考查现在完成时态
12.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)-Excuse me,could you tell me ?
-In five minutes.(  )
A. how soon will the film begin B. how soon the film will begin
C. how long the film has been on D. how long has the film been on
【答案】B
【解析】A、D 选项从句语序不对,连接词后没有紧跟主语,所以排除;根据答语In five minutes意思为"5分钟后",所以应是将来时,故答案选B
翻译:--打扰一下,请你告诉我还有多久电影将开始?--5分钟后.
本题可先从宾语从句的语序入手分析,再区分时态.how long用于动作进行了多长时间,how soon谈论还没进行的动作,通常用于提问in five minutes类似短语.
13.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)—Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?
—Oh, it's a __________.
A. suggestion B. secret C. reason D. problem
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——朱迪,我猜你只有25岁,对不对?——噢,这是个秘密。A.suggestion“建议”;B.secret“秘密”;C.reason“原因”;D.problem"问题"。根据Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?--Oh,it's a ____(朱迪,我猜你只有25岁,对不对?)可知对话谈论的是年龄问题,又知年龄对女孩来说是要保密的,故告诉对方这是个秘密,故选B。
14.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)-Why do you_____his invitation?
-Because I have to prepare for my math test tomorrow.(  )
A. receive B. make C. accept D. refuse
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A接收;B制作;C接受;D拒绝。根据答语Because I have to prepare for my math test tomorrow.(因为明天我必须准备我的数学考试。)可知上文询问拒绝邀请的理由。
故选:D。
——你为什么拒绝了他的邀请?
——因为明天我必须准备我的数学考试。
积累词汇,结合语境,根据要求,掌握动词词义的不同,正确写出答案。
15.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)-Let's go to the sea animal show tomorrow.
- .(  )
A. Thank you B. Good idea
C. It doesn't matter D. It's very kind of you
【答案】B
【解析】A.谢谢你,B.好主意,C.没关系,D.你真是太好了,根据句意,-我们明天去看海洋动物展吧。可知横线处填"好主意"。
故选:B。
-我们明天去看海洋动物展吧。
-好主意。
考查情境对话,在日常学习时多积累日常交际用语。做题时要先了解各选项的意思,对其用法做到心里有数,再根据具体的语境来选择正确答案。
二.完形填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)Jim started painting when he was three years old,and when he was five,he was already very good at it.He painted many beautiful and interesting(1) ______ ,and people paid a lot of money for them They said, "This boy is going to be famous when he grows up,and then we're going to(2) ______ these pictures for a lot more money."
Jim's paintings were different(3) ______ other people's works,because he(4) ______ painted on all of the paper.He painted only on half of it and the other half was always(5) ______ .
"That's very clever," everyone said. "(6) ______ else does that like him!"
One day,somebody bought one of Jim's pictures and then asked him, "Please(7) ______ me,Jim,why do you paint on the bottom half of the paper,(8) ______ not on the top half?
"Because I'm small,Jim said, "and my brushes don't(9) ______ very high. That's why I paint on the(10) ______ half of the paper."
1.A. pictures B. books C. subjects D. newspapers
2.A. buy B. sell C. borrow D. lend
3.A. with B. in C. on D. from
4.A. ever B. already C. never D. still
5.A. empty B. full C. funny D. lucky
6.A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Anybody D. Nobody
7.A. advise B. tell C. promise D. believe
8.A. and B. or C. but D. because
9.A. lie B. reach C. stand D. climb
10.A. left B. right C. top D. bottom
【答案】A、B、D、C、A、D、B、C、B、D
【解析】(1)考查名词辨析。句意:他画了很多漂亮的和有趣的画,人们拿钱买画。A.pictures画;B.books书;C.subjects科目;D.newspapers报纸。根据we're going to(2)these pictures for a lot more money(我们因为这些画可以卖很多的钱)可知是pictures,故选A。
(2)考查动词辨析。句意:这个孩子长大了肯定会出名,我们可以因为这些画卖很多的钱。A.buy买;B.sell卖;C.borrow借;D.lend借出。根据people paid a lot of money for them(人们付钱买了很多画)可知,为了将来卖更多的钱,故选B。
(3)考查介词辨析。句意:吉姆的画与别人的画不一样。A.with和;B.in在..里;C.on在..上;D.from来自。考查be different from,意为"与..不同",故选D。
(4)考查副词辨析。句意:因为他从来没有画满一张纸。A.ever曾经;B.already已经;C.never从不;D.still仍然。根据He painted only on half of it(他只画一半)可知从来没有画满一张纸,故选C。
(5)考查形容词辨析。句意:他只画一半并且另外一半是空的。A.empty空的;B.full充满;C.funny有趣的;D.lucky幸运地。根据He painted only on half of it(他只画一半)可知另外一半是空白的,故选A。
(6)考查代词辨析。句意:没有人像他那样。A.Somebody有人;B.Everybody每个人;C.Anybody任何人;D.Nobody没有人。根据Jim's paintings were different(3)other people's works(他的画与别人的作品不一样)可知没有人像他这样画,故选D。
(7)考查动词辨析。句意:"请告诉我,吉姆,为什么你只在底部作画,而不是上半张纸呢?A.advise建议;B.tell告诉;C.promise承诺;D.believe相信。根据One day,somebody bought one of Jim's pictures and then asked him(有一天,有人买他的画,并问他"可知,请吉姆告诉他,为什么只在纸的下半部分作画,故选B。
(8)考查连词辨析。句意:"请告诉我,吉姆,为什么你只在底部作画,而不是上半张纸呢?A.and并且;B.or否则;C.but但是;D.because因为。根据not on the top half(不是上半部分)可知,与上一句表示转折,故选C。
(9)考查动词辨析。句意:吉姆说,因为我很小,我的笔够不了太高。这就是为什么我只在底部作画。A.let让;B.reach达到;C.stand站;D.climb爬。根据Because I'm small(因为我还小)可知笔够不了太高,故选B。
(10)考查名词辨析。句意:吉姆说,因为我很小,我的笔够不了太高。这就是为什么我只在底部作画。A.left左;B.right右;C.top顶端;D.bottom底部。根据why do you paint on the bottom half of the paper(为什么你只在底部作画)可知,这就是为什么我在底部作画的原因,故选D。
本文讲述Jim绘画的故事,他是个非常聪明且有天赋的男孩,三岁开始画画,五岁时有人买了他的画。他的画与别人的不一样,只在纸的下半部分作画,大家都说这个做法很聪明,没有画家这么做过,真正原因是,身体不够高。
首先通读全文,了解文章大意,紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,然后明确词意,结合所学语法,运用排除法逐一选出答案,最后再通读全文核对答案。
三.阅读理解(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)
(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)
A
A film crew (摄制组) was deep in the desert.One day an old Indian went up to the director and said, "Tomorrow,rain," The next day it rained.
A week later,the Indian went up to the director and said, "Tomorrow,storm." The next day there was a storm.
"This Indian is incredible (不可思议的),"said the director.He invited the Indian to predict (预测) the weather.
However,after several successful predictions,the old Indian didn't show up for two weeks.
Finally,the director sent for him. "I have to shoot a big scene tomorrow" said the director, "and I'm depending on you.What will the weather be like?
The Indian shrugged his shoulders. "I don't know," he said. "The radio is broken."
1.Where was the film crew? ______
A. In the sea. B. In the desert.
C. In the mountain. D. On the road.
2.The old Indian went up to the director to ______ .
A. show his cleverness B. have a talk with him
C. tell him about the weather D. look at the film crew
3.The director wanted the old Indian to ______ .
A. predict the weather B. show the way
C. act in a play D. repair the radio
4.The underlined words "sent for" in Paragraph 5 mean " ______ ".
A. 派人去说 B. 派人去听 C. 派人去做 D. 派人去请
5.The old Indian predicted the weather by ______ .
A. watching TV B. listening to the radio
C. reading newspapers D. his cleverness
【答案】B、C、A、D、B
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段A film crew (摄制组) was deep in the desert.(一个摄制组在沙漠深处。)可知摄制组在沙漠里。故选B。
(2)细节理解题。根据第二段A week later,the Indian went up to the director and said, "Tomorrow,storm." (一周后,印度人走到导演面前说:"明天有暴风雨。")可知老印度人走到导演跟前告诉他天气情况。故选C。
(3)细节理解题。根据第三段He invited the Indian to predict (预测) the weather.(他邀请印度人预测天气。)可知导演要那个老印第安人去预测天气。故选A。
(4)词义猜测题。根据第四段However,after several successful predictions,the old Indian didn't show up for two weeks.(然而,在几次成功的预测之后,老印第安人两周都没有出现。)以及第五段Finally,the director sent for him. "I have to shoot a big scene tomorrow" said the director, "and I'm depending on you.What will the weather be like?(最后,导演派人把他---。"明天我要拍一场大戏,"导演说,"我就指望你了。天气会怎么样?)联系前后句可猜测出下划线单词sent for的意思应为:派人去请。故选D。
(5)推理判断题。根据最后一段The Indian shrugged his shoulders. "I don't know," he said. "The radio is broken."(印第安人耸了耸肩。"我不知道,"他说。"收音机坏了。)可推断出这位老印第安人听收音机来预测天气。故选B。
这篇短文主要讲述了一个电影摄制组在沙漠中遇到的一个老印第安人,他通过听收音机向摄制组准确地介绍天气情况,被摄制组误认为他会预测天气的故事。
通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。
(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)
B
A 12-year-old boy named Tim Brown got lost in the mountains. However, he survived(幸免于难) at last thanks to his amazing survival (生存,幸存)skills.
One day in October 2016,Tim went hiking with his group in the Magaliesberg Mountains, South Africa. At first, everything went well. But at about one o'clock in the afternoon, he lost his way and couldn't find any other people. He got scared at first, but then he tried to calm down. He knew what to do in such a situation. "I should follow the river, follow the light, follow the sun and finally there will be buildings, roads and people and I could call home," he told himself.
Tim kept walking. Suddenly he heard some sounds and ran towards them. But to his surprise, he saw some baboons (狒狒). Unluckily, one baboon scratched (抓伤)his arm. He found some water to wash the blood off the scratches and continued to walk. Tim just wore a pair of swimming minks (游泳裤),so he felt very cold. He tried to keep warm by covering his body with leaves. About 22 hours later, he finally met a farmer and was able to call his mom.
After he came back, his mom asked why he carried on walking when it got dark. The little boy said if he did that, he would see her again. Nothing could beat his love for his mom!
6.Where did Tim get lost? ______
A. In a zoo. B. In the swimming pool.
C. In a building. D. In the mountains.
7.How long was Tim lost? ______
A. About 22 hours. B. About 22 days. C. About 12 hours. D. About 12 days.
8.When he found he was lost, Tim felt scared at first and then ______ .
A. he cried over and over again B. he shouted for help
C. He stayed and waited. D. He tried to calm down.
9.What did Tim do first when he heard some sounds? ______
A. He saw some baboons. B. He scratched a baboon.
C. He ran towards the sounds. D. He washed the blood off.
10.Which is NOT the reason for Tim's survival? ______
A. He met a farmer.
B. He was too scared to carry on walking.
C. The love for his mom encouraged him.
D. His abilities to solve problems helped him.
【答案】D、A、D、C、B
【解析】【文章大意】文章讲述了一个叫Tim的男孩在山里迷路22个小时后通过自己的努力得救的故事。
6. 根据A 12-year-old boy named Tim Brown got lost in the mountains.(一个名叫Tim Brown的12岁男孩在山里迷路了。)可知Tim在山里迷路了。故选D。
7. 根据About 22 hours later, he finally met a farmer and was able to call his mom.(大约22小时后,他终于遇到了一位农民,并打电话给他的母亲。)可知Tim失踪了大约22小时。故选A。
8. 根据But at about one o'clock in the afternoon, he lost his way and couldn't find any other people. He got scared at first, but then he tried to calm down. (但在下午一点左右,他迷路了,找不到其他人。起初他很害怕,但后来他试图冷静下来。)可知当Tim发现自己迷路时,他起初感到害怕,然后试图冷静下来。故选D。
9. 根据Suddenly he heard some sounds and ran towards them. (突然,他听到一些声音,他朝着声音跑去。)可知Tim听到一些声音时,他首先朝着声音跑去。故选C。
10. 根据He knew what to do in such a situation. Tim kept walking. About 22 hours later, he finally met a farmer and was able to call his mom. The little boy said if he did that, he would see her again. Nothing could beat his love for his mom!(他知道在这种情况下该怎么办。Tim继续走。大约22小时后,他终于遇到了一位农民,并打电话给他的母亲。小男孩说如果他那样做,他会再见到她。没有什么能比得上他对母亲的爱!)可推断出B选项:他太害怕了,不敢继续走下去不是Tim活下来的原因。故选B。
(2023·云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州·模拟题)
C
At the beginning of human history,people could only eat food they found.But then people learned to find more ways to get food.About 10,000 years ago,people started to farm the land.After that people developed farming skills.
People eat different food in different areas.In China,rice is the main food for people in the south while the people in the north eat noodles.People who live in European countries near the sea eat lots of fish.But in Central Europe,people are away from the sea.So they don't eat so much fish.They eat more meat instead.
People eat food with different tools in different areas.In China people always like using chopsticks while in North America,Australia and Europe,people always like using knives and forks.To our surprise,in India and the Middle East people always pick up food with their own fingers.
Now people can eat different food from different areas.As we can see,it is possible to convey food easily from one part of the world to another.We can.almost eat whatever we like at any place of the world.For example,people in Britain can eat bananas from Africa and rice from India.Food is becoming a very big business now.
11.People ______ at the beginning of human history.
A. could only eat food they found B. started to farm the land
C. developed farming skills D. started to build factories
12.People living in Central Europe don't eat so much fish because ______ .
A. they are near the sea B. they are away from the sea
C. they like eating noodles D. they like eating meat
13.The underlined word "convey" in the passage means " ______ " in Chinese.
A. 捐赠 B. 传到 C. 运输 D. 加热
14.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ______
A. People in the south of China eat bananas as their main food.
B. People in Central Europe eat a lot of fish.
C. People in Britain can only eat rice from Africa.
D. People in India and the Middle East always pick up food with their own fingers.
15.What's the best title for the passage? ______
A. People's Table Manners (礼仪) B. People's Eating Tools
C. People and Food D. People and Human History
【答案】A、B、C、D、C
【解析】11.细节理解题。根据第一段At the beginning of human history,people could only eat food they found.(人类历史之初,人们只能吃找到的食物。)可知人类历史之初,人们只能吃找到的食物。故选A。
12.细节理解题。根据第二段But in Central Europe,people are away from the sea.So they don't eat so much fish.(但是在中欧,人们远离大海。所以他们不吃那么多鱼。)可知,生活在中欧的人不吃那么多鱼,因为他们远离大海。故选B。
13.词义猜测题。根据第四段Now people can eat different food from different areas.As we can see,it is possible to convey food easily from one part of the world to another.(现在人们可以吃不同地区的不同食物。正如我们所看到的,把食物从世界的一个地方容易地_____到另一个地方是可能的。)可知,此处意为从一个地方运送到另一个地方,划线词意为"运送;运输"。故选C。
14.细节理解题。根据第三段To our surprise,in India and the Middle East people always pick up food with their own fingers.(令我们惊讶的是,在印度和中东,人们总是用自己的手指夹起食物。)可知,印度和中东的人们总是用自己的手指拿起食物。故选D。
15.标题归纳题。根据第二段People eat different food in different areas.(人们在不同的地区吃不同的食物。)及全文可知,短文主要介绍人类"吃"的历史和不同的地区的人们吃不同的食物以及人们使用不同的工具吃食物。故文章的最佳标题应是"人和食物"。故选C。
本文主要讲述了人类食物获取的历史和不同地区的饮食习惯。
在通读全文的基础上,根据全文大意,展开逻辑思维,瞻前顾后,认真辨析选项,仔细推敲,确定最佳答案。
四.补全对话(本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分)
(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)
A.You must learn English there. B.No problem. C.What did you do there? D.What do you think of London? E.How long did you stay there? F.What was the weather like there? G.Why did you go there?
A:Hello,Mike.I haven't seen you for a month.Where have you been?
B:Hello,Betty.I've just returned from England.
A:England?1. ______
B:To study English of course!
A:2. ______
B:I mainly stayed in London to study,but I also visited my old friends.
A:3. ______ For a month?
B:Five weeks,in fact.
A:4 .______
B:It was sunny while I was there.
A:You must have taken many pictures. Please show me some day.
B:5. ______
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
【答案】【小题1】G
【小题2】C
【小题3】E
【小题4】F
【小题5】B
【解析】(1)根据To study English of course!(当然是学英语了!)可知此处是问你为什么去那里。故填G。
(2)根据I mainly stayed in London to study,but I also visited my old friends.(我主要在伦敦学习,但也拜访了我的老朋友。)可知此处是问你在那里做了什么。故填C。
(3)根据Five weeks,in fact.(实际上是五个星期。)可知此处是问你在那里呆了多久。故填E。
(4)根据It was sunny while I was there.(我在那里的时候天气晴朗。)可知此处是问那里的天气怎么样。故填F。
(5)根据You must have taken many pictures.Please show me some day.(你一定拍了很多照片吧。哪天请给我看看。)可知此处是说没问题。故填B。
本文是迈克和贝蒂的对话。主要讲述了迈克去英国学英语的事情。
根据上下文语境选择合适的答语或问句,注意汉语意思以及一些常用问题的回答术语。
五.完成句子(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)
1.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)新疆葡萄上市(出售)了。
Grapes from Xinjiang are ______ ______ .
【答案】on
【解析】根据汉语提示"新疆葡萄上市(出售)了",考虑用固定介词短语on sale作表语,意为"上市,出售"。
故填:on;sale。
新疆葡萄上市(出售)了。
根据汉语提示填空,先要通读句子,理解大意,想出要填的句型,再联系语境变换恰当的词形,方能正确解答。
2.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)你最好脱掉湿衣服,否则你会感冒的。
You'd better ______ ______ your wet clothes,or you'll catch a cold.
【答案】take
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处应填"脱掉",take off是固定短语意为"脱掉"。had better后跟动词原形,had better do sth"最好做某事"。
故填:take;off。
你最好脱掉湿衣服,否则你会感冒的。
熟练掌握英语中的词汇和短语,结合句意和汉语提示正确作答。
3.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)睡觉前,我通常会考虑第二天要做什么。
I usually ______ ______ what to do the next day before going to bed.
【答案】think
【解析】 空处缺少"考虑",其英文表达为think about;结合"usually"可知,本句是一般现在时,主语I是第一人称,谓语动词需用原形。
故填:think;about。
睡觉前,我通常会考虑第二天要做什么。
熟练掌握英语中常用的短语,结合句意正确作答。
4.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)就像在家,每个人都希望在整洁的教室里学习。
______ ______ home,everyone would like to study in a clean classroom.
【答案】Just
【解析】"就像"应用just like表示,其中just是副词,like是介词。
故填:Just;like。
就像在家,每个人都希望在整洁的教室里学习。
熟练掌握英语中常用的单词和短语,结合汉语提示句意正确作答。
5.(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)丽莎花了两个月来编写这个故事。
Lisa spent two months ______ ______ the story.
【答案】making
【解析】根据中英文对照,句子缺少"编写",谓语动词是"spent",根据其用法:spend +时间/金钱+ doing sth.,可知第一空为doing形式;英语中可用"make up"来表达"编写"。
故填:making;up。
丽莎花了两个月来编写这个故事。
熟练掌握英语词汇和短语,根据句意和提示正确作答。
六.任务型阅读(本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分)
(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)Mia Bookhouse in Hanoi,Vietnam is a popular place for many book lovers.It opened in 2020 and its owner is Nguyen Thanh Trung.
Trung loves reading and learning languages.He bought lots of books when he was living in Germany and Australia and travelling to more than 50 countries.After coming back to Vietnam,Trung found that English books in Vietnam were either scarce (缺乏的) or very expensive.And many parents did not know which book would be suitable (合适的) for their children and how to guide them to read English books.Trung had a lot of books,so he decided to open a free library.He wanted to help children fall in love with reading and learn foreign languages.
Mia Bookhouse has around 2,000 books!Trung believes creating a real environment will help children learn foreign languages naturally and easily.So he made a rule:at Mia Bookhouse,everyone must speak English or other foreign languages.
There are volunteers at Mia Bookhouse.They help young readers pick out suitable books,read,and play games with them so that they can practise their reading,listening,and speaking skills.
In the future,Trung plans to get more interesting books.Also,he expects that there will be more libraries like Mia Bookhouse in Vietnam.
(1) Nguyen Thanh Trung found that ______ were either scarce or very expensive.
(2) By opening Mia Bookhouse,Nguyen Thanh Trung wanted to make children love reading and ______ .
(3) At Mia Bookhouse,everyone must speak ______ .
(4) At Mia Bookhouse,there are volunteers who ______ ,read,and play games with them.
(5) In the future,Nguyen Thanh Trung plans to ______ for his library.
【答案】【小题1】English books in Vietnam
【小题2】learn foreign languages
【小题3】English or other foreign languages
【小题4】help young readers pick out suitable books
【小题5】get more interesting books
【解析】细节理解题。
(1)根据第2段"After coming back to Vietnam,Trung found that English books in Vietnam were either scarce (缺乏的) or very expensive."(回到越南后,他发现越南的英文书要么很稀少,要么很贵。)可知,他发现英语书在越南不是缺乏的就是很贵。故填English books in Vietnam。
(2)根据第2段"He wanted to help children fall in love with reading and learn foreign languages."(他想帮助孩子们爱上阅读和学习外语。)可知,他想让更多的孩子读书和学习外语。故填learn foreign languages。
(3)根据第3段"at Mia Bookhouse,everyone must speak English or other foreign languages."(在米娅书屋,每个人都必须说英语或其他外语。)可知,在米娅书屋,每个人都必须说英语或其他外语。故填English or other foreign languages。
(4)根据第4段"There are volunteers at Mia Bookhouse.They help young readers pick out suitable books,read,and play games with them so that they can practise their reading,listening,and speaking skills."(Mia Bookhouse有志愿者。他们帮助年轻的读者挑选合适的书籍,阅读,并与他们一起做游戏,以锻炼他们的阅读,听力和口语技能。)可知,志愿者们帮助小读者挑选合适的书,阅读,和他们一起玩游戏。故填help young readers pick out suitable books。
(5)根据第5段"In the future,Trung plans to get more interesting books."(在未来,Trung计划买更多有趣的书。)可知,未来他的图书馆将会有更多有趣的书。故填get more interesting books。
本文主要介绍了米娅书屋的相关信息,包括它的创始人创办该书屋的目的及对它的未来的计划。
通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。
七.综合填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
(2023·天津市·历年真题)根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
A smile shows that a person is happy.For example,a person may smile when he or she is (1)p ______ with some progress in studies.Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke.There are other good (2)r ______ to smile often.
First,it is (3)e ______ to smile than to show unhappiness.In fact,it only takes 17 muscles(肌肉) to smile.On the other hand,it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness.So give the muscles in your (4)f ______ a rest and smile!
Second,smiles are nice.People may try to (5)l ______ nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes.However,people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear.That is because it is easy to be (6)a ______ someone who is smiling and happy.Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third,smiles have power(感染力).Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly (7)s ______ from one person to another.If one person smiles.people around him or her want to smile,too.Similarly,when a person laughs,people tend(往往会) to laugh with him or her.If a person is (8)s ______ ,the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh.It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
( 9)F ______ ,smiling and laughing are very good for the body.Even though you are sad,try smiling.You ' ll find that it will be difficult to (10)s ______ sad for very long!
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
【答案】【小题1】leased
【小题2】easons
【小题3】asier
【小题4】ace
【小题5】ook
【小题6】round
【小题7】pread
【小题8】ad
【小题9】inally
【小题10】tay
【解析】(1)考查形容词。句意:例如,当一个人对学习上的进步感到满意时,他或她可能会微笑。be pleased with"对……感到满意",此处指对学习上的进步感到满意。故填pleased。
(2)考查名词。句意:还有其他的好理由经常微笑。根据下文内容及首字母r可知下文中介绍了微笑的理由,reason"理由,原因",other后接名词复数。故填reasons。
(3)考查形容词。句意:首先,微笑比表现不开心更容易。根据"In fact,it only takes 17 muscles(肌肉) to smile.On the other hand,it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness."(事实上。微笑只需要17块肌肉。另一方面,表达不快乐需要43块肌肉。)可知微笑比表现不开心更容易,is后接easy的比较级easier表示"更容易的"。故填easier。
(4)考查名词。句意:所以,让你脸上的肌肉休息一下,微笑吧!根据"In fact,it only takes 17 muscles(肌肉) to smile.On the other hand,it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness."(事实上。微笑只需要17块肌肉。另一方面,表达不快乐需要43块肌肉。)可推出此处用的是脸部肌肉,结合首字母f可知用face表示"脸"。故填face。
(5)考查动词。句意:人们可能会通过锻炼或穿漂亮的衣服来使自己看起来漂亮。根据"by exercising or wearing nice clothes"(通过锻炼或穿漂亮的衣服)可知做这些是为了看起来漂亮,look"看起来",不定式符号to后用动词原形,构成不定式。故填look。
(6)考查介词。句意:这是因为我们很容易和一个微笑和快乐的人在一起。根据"Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy."(几乎没有人愿意和一个总是不开心的人呆在一起。)可知待在爱笑的人周围很容易,用around表示"在……周围"。故填around。
(7)考查动词。句意:微笑和大笑都能轻易而迅速地从一个人传播到另一个人。根据"from one person to another"(从一个人到另一个人)可知此处指从人到人的传播,spread"传播",can后用动词原形。故填spread。
(8)考查形容词。句意:如果一个人悲伤,最好的办法就是分享一个微笑或大笑。根据"It is the easiest way to cheer someone up."(这是让别人高兴起来的最简单的方法。)可知要使难过的人高兴起来,is后接形容词sad表示"难过的"。故填sad。
(9)考查副词。句意:最后,微笑和大笑对身体很好。根据"First ...Second ...Third ..."及首字母F可知此处用Finally表示"最后"。故填Finally。
(10)考查动词。句意:你会发现保持悲伤很长时间是很困难的!根据"for very long"(很长时间)可知此处指长时间保持悲伤,stay"保持,停留"。故填stay。
本文主要介绍了对别人微笑的好处。
语法填空题要根据上下文语境,运用语法和词汇知识,反复推敲以求得解答。对于同义词和近义词的选项,在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配。
八.书面表达(本大题共15分)
(2023·天津市市辖区·模拟题)请你根据以下内容提示,以"The Story of Li Hua"为题,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你班同学李华身上的一件事。
(1)上周五放学后李华步行回家,路上车辆很多。
(2)他看到一位老太太坐在一家商店的门口,脸色苍白。
(3)李华主动走过去询问情况,并且递给她一瓶水。过了一会儿,对方感觉舒服多了。并向李华表示感谢。
(4)周围的人看到后,称赞了李华。李华认为帮助他人是应该的。
(5)你觉得……
参考词汇:称赞praise
要求:
(1)词数:80~100个。
(2)短文的题目和开头已给出,不计入总词数。
(3)要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥。
The Story of Li Hua
Last Friday,my classmate Li Hua______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The Story of Li Hua
Last Friday,my classmate Li Hua walked home after school.There were a lot of cars on the road. (上周五放学后李华步行回家,路上车辆很多)He saw an old lady sitting in front of a shop,her face was pale.(他看到一位老太太坐在一家商店的门口,脸色苍白) Li Hua took the initiative to ask her about the situation and handed her a bottle of water.After a while,the other person felt more comfortable.And she thanked Li Hua for his help. (李华主动走过去询问情况,并且递给她一瓶水。过了一会儿,对方感觉舒服多了。并向李华表示感谢)When the people around him saw it,they praised Li Hua. 【高分句型一】Li Hua thinks it's good to help others.(周围的人看到后,称赞了李华。李华认为帮助他人是应该的) I think he is a helpful person and I should learn from him to help those who need help.【高分句型二】(我的看法)
【解析】【高分句型一】
When the people around him saw it,they praised Li Hua.当他周围的人看到它,他们称赞李华。when引导的时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
I think he is a helpful person and I should learn from him to help those who need help.我认为他是一个乐于助人的人,我应该向他学习,帮助那些需要帮助的人。I think +宾语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达,能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等,清楚连贯地表达自己的思想,进而完成写作任务。2024中考英语冲刺模拟试卷(天津专用)
(满分100分)
一.单项填空(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)
1.Nemo is ______ cute orange-and-white fish and Shrek is ______ ugly green animal. They look very different,but both of them have won _____ hearts of young people all over the world.(  )
A. a,an,the B. a,an , / C. a,a,the D. the,the, /
2. teacher talked to about the stories of the Silk Road.
A. Our;us B. Our;we C. Ours;us D. Ours;we
3.While we an English song, some visitors came to our class.
A. sing B. will sing C. were singing D. are singing
4.His beautiful music has brought ______ to people all over the world.
A. difficulty B. pleasure C. weather D. danger
5.I'm ______ things for my trip because I like to get things ready earlier.
A. keeping clear of B. making a list of
C. getting on well with D. winning the heart of
6.When I was young, my parents taught me ______ older people kindly.
A. treats B. to treat C. treated D. treat
7.My cousin became a country doctor ____________ he finished medical school.
A. after B. so that C. but D. so
8.Here is some________ on the best cities for your studying abroad.(  )
A. information B. idea C. suggestion D. photo
9.Most people are _____building a paper factory near here.They are worried the river get polluted.(  )
A. for B. with C. against D. without
10.Learning will become much________ if you find the proper way.(  )
A. more easier B. easiest C. easy D. easier
11.Mr.White came to our school in 2008,and since then he ______ us English.(  )
A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach
12.-Excuse me,could you tell me ?
-In five minutes.(  )
A. how soon will the film begin B. how soon the film will begin
C. how long the film has been on D. how long has the film been on
13.—Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?
—Oh, it's a __________.
A. suggestion B. secret C. reason D. problem
14.-Why do you_____his invitation?
-Because I have to prepare for my math test tomorrow.(  )
A. receive B. make C. accept D. refuse
15.-Let's go to the sea animal show tomorrow.
- .(  )
A. Thank you B. Good idea
C. It doesn't matter D. It's very kind of you
二.完形填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
Jim started painting when he was three years old,and when he was five,he was already very good at it.He painted many beautiful and interesting(1) ______ ,and people paid a lot of money for them They said, "This boy is going to be famous when he grows up,and then we're going to(2) ______ these pictures for a lot more money."
Jim's paintings were different(3) ______ other people's works,because he(4) ______ painted on all of the paper.He painted only on half of it and the other half was always(5) ______ .
"That's very clever," everyone said. "(6) ______ else does that like him!"
One day,somebody bought one of Jim's pictures and then asked him, "Please(7) ______ me,Jim,why do you paint on the bottom half of the paper,(8) ______ not on the top half?
"Because I'm small,Jim said, "and my brushes don't(9) ______ very high. That's why I paint on the(10) ______ half of the paper."
1.A. pictures B. books C. subjects D. newspapers
2.A. buy B. sell C. borrow D. lend
3.A. with B. in C. on D. from
4.A. ever B. already C. never D. still
5.A. empty B. full C. funny D. lucky
6.A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Anybody D. Nobody
7.A. advise B. tell C. promise D. believe
8.A. and B. or C. but D. because
9.A. lie B. reach C. stand D. climb
10.A. left B. right C. top D. bottom
三.阅读理解(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)
A
A film crew (摄制组) was deep in the desert.One day an old Indian went up to the director and said, "Tomorrow,rain," The next day it rained.
A week later,the Indian went up to the director and said, "Tomorrow,storm." The next day there was a storm.
"This Indian is incredible (不可思议的),"said the director.He invited the Indian to predict (预测) the weather.
However,after several successful predictions,the old Indian didn't show up for two weeks.
Finally,the director sent for him. "I have to shoot a big scene tomorrow" said the director, "and I'm depending on you.What will the weather be like?
The Indian shrugged his shoulders. "I don't know," he said. "The radio is broken."
1.Where was the film crew? ______
A. In the sea. B. In the desert.
C. In the mountain. D. On the road.
2.The old Indian went up to the director to ______ .
A. show his cleverness B. have a talk with him
C. tell him about the weather D. look at the film crew
3.The director wanted the old Indian to ______ .
A. predict the weather B. show the way
C. act in a play D. repair the radio
4.The underlined words "sent for" in Paragraph 5 mean " ______ ".
A. 派人去说 B. 派人去听 C. 派人去做 D. 派人去请
5.The old Indian predicted the weather by ______ .
A. watching TV B. listening to the radio
C. reading newspapers D. his cleverness
B
A 12-year-old boy named Tim Brown got lost in the mountains. However, he survived(幸免于难) at last thanks to his amazing survival (生存,幸存)skills.
One day in October 2016,Tim went hiking with his group in the Magaliesberg Mountains, South Africa. At first, everything went well. But at about one o'clock in the afternoon, he lost his way and couldn't find any other people. He got scared at first, but then he tried to calm down. He knew what to do in such a situation. "I should follow the river, follow the light, follow the sun and finally there will be buildings, roads and people and I could call home," he told himself.
Tim kept walking. Suddenly he heard some sounds and ran towards them. But to his surprise, he saw some baboons (狒狒). Unluckily, one baboon scratched (抓伤)his arm. He found some water to wash the blood off the scratches and continued to walk. Tim just wore a pair of swimming minks (游泳裤),so he felt very cold. He tried to keep warm by covering his body with leaves. About 22 hours later, he finally met a farmer and was able to call his mom.
After he came back, his mom asked why he carried on walking when it got dark. The little boy said if he did that, he would see her again. Nothing could beat his love for his mom!
6.Where did Tim get lost? ______
A. In a zoo. B. In the swimming pool.
C. In a building. D. In the mountains.
7.How long was Tim lost? ______
A. About 22 hours. B. About 22 days. C. About 12 hours. D. About 12 days.
8.When he found he was lost, Tim felt scared at first and then ______ .
A. he cried over and over again B. he shouted for help
C. He stayed and waited. D. He tried to calm down.
9.What did Tim do first when he heard some sounds? ______
A. He saw some baboons. B. He scratched a baboon.
C. He ran towards the sounds. D. He washed the blood off.
10.Which is NOT the reason for Tim's survival? ______
A. He met a farmer.
B. He was too scared to carry on walking.
C. The love for his mom encouraged him.
D. His abilities to solve problems helped him.
C
At the beginning of human history,people could only eat food they found.But then people learned to find more ways to get food.About 10,000 years ago,people started to farm the land.After that people developed farming skills.
People eat different food in different areas.In China,rice is the main food for people in the south while the people in the north eat noodles.People who live in European countries near the sea eat lots of fish.But in Central Europe,people are away from the sea.So they don't eat so much fish.They eat more meat instead.
People eat food with different tools in different areas.In China people always like using chopsticks while in North America,Australia and Europe,people always like using knives and forks.To our surprise,in India and the Middle East people always pick up food with their own fingers.
Now people can eat different food from different areas.As we can see,it is possible to convey food easily from one part of the world to another.We can.almost eat whatever we like at any place of the world.For example,people in Britain can eat bananas from Africa and rice from India.Food is becoming a very big business now.
11.People ______ at the beginning of human history.
A. could only eat food they found B. started to farm the land
C. developed farming skills D. started to build factories
12.People living in Central Europe don't eat so much fish because ______ .
A. they are near the sea B. they are away from the sea
C. they like eating noodles D. they like eating meat
13.The underlined word "convey" in the passage means " ______ " in Chinese.
A. 捐赠 B. 传到 C. 运输 D. 加热
14.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ______
A. People in the south of China eat bananas as their main food.
B. People in Central Europe eat a lot of fish.
C. People in Britain can only eat rice from Africa.
D. People in India and the Middle East always pick up food with their own fingers.
15.What's the best title for the passage? ______
A. People's Table Manners (礼仪) B. People's Eating Tools
C. People and Food D. People and Human History
四.补全对话(本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分)
A.You must learn English there. B.No problem. C.What did you do there? D.What do you think of London? E.How long did you stay there? F.What was the weather like there? G.Why did you go there?
A:Hello,Mike.I haven't seen you for a month.Where have you been?
B:Hello,Betty.I've just returned from England.
A:England?1. ______
B:To study English of course!
A:2. ______
B:I mainly stayed in London to study,but I also visited my old friends.
A:3. ______ For a month?
B:Five weeks,in fact.
A:4 .______
B:It was sunny while I was there.
A:You must have taken many pictures. Please show me some day.
B:5. ______
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
五.完成句子(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)
1.新疆葡萄上市(出售)了。
Grapes from Xinjiang are ______ ______ .
2.你最好脱掉湿衣服,否则你会感冒的。
You'd better ______ ______ your wet clothes,or you'll catch a cold.
3.睡觉前,我通常会考虑第二天要做什么。
I usually ______ ______ what to do the next day before going to bed.
4.就像在家,每个人都希望在整洁的教室里学习。
______ ______ home,everyone would like to study in a clean classroom.
5.丽莎花了两个月来编写这个故事。
Lisa spent two months ______ ______ the story.
六.任务型阅读(本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分)
Mia Bookhouse in Hanoi,Vietnam is a popular place for many book lovers.It opened in 2020 and its owner is Nguyen Thanh Trung.
Trung loves reading and learning languages.He bought lots of books when he was living in Germany and Australia and travelling to more than 50 countries.After coming back to Vietnam,Trung found that English books in Vietnam were either scarce (缺乏的) or very expensive.And many parents did not know which book would be suitable (合适的) for their children and how to guide them to read English books.Trung had a lot of books,so he decided to open a free library.He wanted to help children fall in love with reading and learn foreign languages.
Mia Bookhouse has around 2,000 books!Trung believes creating a real environment will help children learn foreign languages naturally and easily.So he made a rule:at Mia Bookhouse,everyone must speak English or other foreign languages.
There are volunteers at Mia Bookhouse.They help young readers pick out suitable books,read,and play games with them so that they can practise their reading,listening,and speaking skills.
In the future,Trung plans to get more interesting books.Also,he expects that there will be more libraries like Mia Bookhouse in Vietnam.
(1) Nguyen Thanh Trung found that ______ were either scarce or very expensive.
(2) By opening Mia Bookhouse,Nguyen Thanh Trung wanted to make children love reading and ______ .
(3) At Mia Bookhouse,everyone must speak ______ .
(4) At Mia Bookhouse,there are volunteers who ______ ,read,and play games with them.
(5) In the future,Nguyen Thanh Trung plans to ______ for his library.
七.综合填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
A smile shows that a person is happy.For example,a person may smile when he or she is (1)p ______ with some progress in studies.Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke.There are other good (2)r ______ to smile often.
First,it is (3)e ______ to smile than to show unhappiness.In fact,it only takes 17 muscles(肌肉) to smile.On the other hand,it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness.So give the muscles in your (4)f ______ a rest and smile!
Second,smiles are nice.People may try to (5)l ______ nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes.However,people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear.That is because it is easy to be (6)a ______ someone who is smiling and happy.Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third,smiles have power(感染力).Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly (7)s ______ from one person to another.If one person smiles.people around him or her want to smile,too.Similarly,when a person laughs,people tend(往往会) to laugh with him or her.If a person is (8)s ______ ,the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh.It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
( 9)F ______ ,smiling and laughing are very good for the body.Even though you are sad,try smiling.You ' ll find that it will be difficult to (10)s ______ sad for very long!
(1)___________ (2) ___________ (3) ___________ (4) ___________ (5) ___________
(6) ___________ (7) ___________ (8) ___________ (9) ___________ (10) ___________
八.书面表达(本大题共15分)
请你根据以下内容提示,以"The Story of Li Hua"为题,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你班同学李华身上的一件事。
(1)上周五放学后李华步行回家,路上车辆很多。
(2)他看到一位老太太坐在一家商店的门口,脸色苍白。
(3)李华主动走过去询问情况,并且递给她一瓶水。过了一会儿,对方感觉舒服多了。并向李华表示感谢。
(4)周围的人看到后,称赞了李华。李华认为帮助他人是应该的。
(5)你觉得……
参考词汇:称赞praise
要求:
(1)词数:80~100个。
(2)短文的题目和开头已给出,不计入总词数。
(3)要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥。
The Story of Li Hua
Last Friday,my classmate Li Hua______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

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