Unit 1 Past and present 阅读理解（含解析）牛津译林版 八年级下册英语题型专项集训
How do you go to school every day By bike or on foot You can try a new way—taking a S-Cool Bus. The S-Cool Bus is a bike bus. Thomas Tolkamp made the bike bus. It’s interesting for kids to ride the bus together to go to school.
Also, it’s very safe. The bike bus has a driver and eleven chairs for kids. There is also a roof on the bus. It makes kids comfortable on hot days or rainy days.
Riding the bike bus is a great way for children to get to school. Kids can learn about the streets and the city very well. For most parents, it can help them save a lot of time, because they only have to drive their children home after school.
The S-Cool Bus is getting more and more popular in some countries like Germany and France. Thomas Tolkamp said, “I hope people in more countries can use the bike bus. If so, we can save the earth in many ways.”
1．We can probably read this passage in ________.
A．a storybook B．a diary C．a magazine D．a notice
2．How many people can sit on the bike bus
A．9. B．10. C．11. D．12.
3．From the passage, we can know that ________.
A．the bike bus is very safe
B．the kids can ride the bus only for fun
C．the parents can take their kids home on a bike bus
D．the S-Cool Bus is getting popular in most countries
How do you get to school By bus or by bike Every morning on school days, a lot of students take the school bus to school. It is nothing new to see those big yellow buses driving around. However, school buses were unusual in the past.
In 1886, the first school transportation (交通工具) came into use, but it was called a “school hack”. It was a kind of horse-drawn carriage (四轮马车) and did not look like a bus. Between 1900 and 1930, the horse-drawn carriages became wooden (木质的) buses. Finally, in 1930, wooden buses became metal (金属的) ones.
Now the school bus wears a special colour—yellow. Many people ask why it’s yellow. The answer is to make people notice the bus. People can easily see this colour on the road, especially on rainy days. By making the school buses the yellow colour, people can see these buses on the road more easily to make students much safer.
Today, for many students, taking the school bus is their first choice of transportation. So it is safe to say that school buses are a popular and important way of school transportation.
4．According to the passage, how many kinds of school transportation were there in the past
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
5．Why do the school buses wear the colour yellow
A．To make the buses beautiful. B．To make people love the buses.
C．To make the buses different. D．To make students much safer.
6．How are the school buses now according to the writer
①interesting ②popular ③important ④different
A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．③④
7．Which is the best title of the passage
A．How school buses develop (发展) B．How most students go to school
C．How to take the school bus D．How to notice students on the road
There are 55 students in my class. They come from different places. So they go to school in different ways. Twenty students go to school on foot because they live near the school. Ten students ride the bikes to school because they live not far from the school. Ten students go to school by bus because they live far from the school. Ten students go in their parents cars. The other five students go to school by boat, because there is a river between their houses and the school.
8．There are students in the class.
A．fifty-five B．five-fifty C．fivety-five D．fifty-fifth
9．Twenty students to school because they live near the school.
A．walk B．take a bus C．ride a bike D．take a train
10．Ten students ride the bikes to school because they live .
A．near the school B．near the hospital
C．not far from the school D．near the river
11．Five students go to school by boat because .
A．they have boats
B．they live far from the school
C．they would like to go by boat
D．there is a river between their houses and the school
12．If you live far from the school, you should .
A．walk B．ride a bike C．take a bus D．take a boat
阅读短文，给下列问题选出正确的选项。
There are many kinds of cars in the world. My aunt thinks it is because cars are like their drivers. She says, “Rich people have expensive cars, big people have large cars, and old people drive old cars.” But I don’t agree with her.
My neighbor, Mrs. Hill, is 82 years old. She drives only on Tuesday, and she drives only to the bank. She never drives more than 30 kilometers an hour. Do you think Mrs. Hill has a very old and small car No! Her car is new. It’s very large, and it can go 200 kilometers an hour! My friend Mike is an artist. He draws beautiful pictures with lots of colours. But his car is black! Mrs. Bates has a very old car. It often has engine trouble (发动机故障). Does she drive that kind of car because she is very poor No, she has four factories and two million dollars in the bank. My aunt Mary has a car. Every Sunday, she drives to the country with her husband, her three children, her mother and their dog.
Now you have read about my friends and their cars. Do you agree with my aunt
13．My aunt thinks _________.
A．big people drive small cars B．old people drive new cars
C．poor people have expensive cars D．rich people have dear (昂贵的) cars
14．Mrs. Hill’s car is _________.
A．fast and new B．fast but old C．slow and old D．fast and small
15．Mrs. Bates is _________.
A．an engineer B．a worker C．a boss D．an artist
16．What kind of pictures does Mike draw
A．He often draws pictures in black. B．He often draws very colourful pictures.
C．He draws pictures with only a few colours. D．He never draws beautiful pictures.
17．There are _________ people in my aunt’s car on Sunday.
A．five B．six C．seven D．eight
China’s railway miracles (奇迹) have been on since last century. It is seen as one of the new four great inventions in modern China.
During the Qing Dynasty, building a railway without other countries’ help was believed to be impossible. But Zhan Tianyou, an engineer of the Jingzhang Railway, overcame all kinds of difficulties and succeeded in finishing the task. The 200-kilometer-long Jingzhang railway was completed in 1909. As China’s first independently-designed (自主设计) railway, it plays an important part in Chinese railway history.
110 years later, the world’s first intelligent, high-speed railway line, connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, came into operation. The railway line is 174 kilometers long with 10 stations. Running at a high speed of 350 km/h, the railway line has greatly reduced the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, from over 3 hours to only 47 minutes. Some trains on the Beijing—Zhangjiakou line are smart because they provide 5G signals and wireless charging (无线充电) for passengers. These trains can start, open and close doors, and deal with problems by themselves.
All the ten stations provide e-tickets for passengers. Passengers who have bought e-tickets online can use their ID cards instead of waiting in line for paper tickets. They are convenient and help save much paper every year.
In addition, the Badaling Great Wall station, the deepest underground railway station, is another great example of the country’s miracles in railway building.
18．Jingzhang railway is important in Chinese railway history probably because _________.
A．it was finished during the Qing Dynasty
B．it was completed by Chinese ourselves
C．it was designed and built by Zhan Tianyou
D．it was built with the help of other countries
19．What is the Beijing—Zhangjiakou high-speed railway line like
A．Smart and long. B．Fast and intelligent.
C．Fast and wireless. D．Intelligent and wireless.
20．What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the paragraph 4
A．Paper tickets. B．E-tickets C．ID cards D．Passengers.
21．What can be the best title for this text
A．The speed of Chinese railway. B．The history of Chinese railway.
C．The changes of Chinese railway. D．The miracles of Chinese railway.
In a classroom, Garry Golden is sharing his ideas with some university students. Golden is a futurist. Futurists are scientists who study the world today and use that information to make predictions about the future. Some futurists study the environment. Some study human society (社会). Golden studies transportation—the science of how to move people from place to place. Golden says there will be fewer cars in cities in the future.
“Cars take up a lot of space,” Golden says. “We have to build lots of parking lots (停车场) for them, but having so many parking lots is not efficient. Much of the time the parking lots are empty.” Golden says cities will make new laws to limit (限制) the number of cars in the future.
“Buses have the same problem as parking lots,” Golden says. Sometimes they are full, and sometimes they are empty. Golden says in the future people can use phones to send messages when they want to take the bus. And buses can change (改变) their ways to pick them up.
“Traffic is a big problem for cities today,” Golden says. “But there are so many things we can do to improve it. I believe that in thirty years we will live in a very different world.”
22．What is Garry Golden
A．A student. B．A bus driver. C．A scientist. D．A university teacher.
23．What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “efficient”
A．有效率的 B．有资格的 C．有计划的 D．有必要的
24．Why will there be fewer cars in the future
A．Because more people will work at home.
B．Because there will be laws to limit the number of cars.
C．Because cars will be more expensive.
D．Because there will not be enough parking lots.
25．What is the passage mainly about
A．Why we should build so many parking lots.
B．How to improve our environment.
C．When there will be no traffic problems in cities.
D．How transportation will change in the future.
More and more people are using cars in many places in Africa today. However, things are different in Malawi (马拉维). Bikes are the most popular in this African country. Bike riding is a way of life in Malawi. People use them to carry heavy things. They also use bikes to carry people, especially tourists. These years, taking a “bicycle taxi” to travel around Malawi has become quite popular among tourists from all over the world.
If you go to Malawi, you will find a lot of bike taxis waiting on the sides of the roads. The riders make the bikes comfortable for passengers to sit on. You can jump on a bike taxi and get around at a very low cost.
Alice is a 21-year-old student from Canada. She enjoys the special bike riding a lot. “I really like the bike taxi,” she says. “It’s easy and cheap.” Alice usually pays just $1 for going shopping in town.
28-year-old Panjira Khombe began to ride a bike taxi two years ago. The young man enjoys this job. “I used to make boats for a living, but that’s a hard job. Being a bike taxi rider is easy for me and I don’t mind carrying heavy people.” he says.
26．Bikes are the most popular way for people to get somewhere in ________.
A．Africa B．Asia C．Malawi D．Hawaii
27．Alice enjoys the bike taxi because its ________.
A．always waiting on the sides of the roads
B．popular all over the world
C．safe and interesting
D．easy and cheap
28．Panjira Khom he thinks that ________.
A．traveling is comfortable B．making boats is difficult
C．riding a bike taxi is cheap D．carrying heavy people is enjoyable
29．What’s the best title for this passage
A．Bike Riders B．A Strange Country C．Bike Taxis D．A Cheap Journey
Victor’s project
As part of my history project on transport (交通), I did some short interviews with people in my neighborhood. My first interview was with my friend Susan’s grandmother, Mrs.Sanderson.
Question 1
How did you get to school when you were young
I walked to school with my friends, except for Fridays when we had to carry all of our things for school sports. Then we caught the bus. I enjoyed walking because we could chat on the way. I didn’t like it when it was raining though, but Mum always made sure I wore my raincoat and gumboots. On the other hand, and I believe that’s why I’ve been healthy all my life.
Question 2
My parents drive me to school. Why didn’t you go to school by car
You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We could not afford a car until after I had finished school.
Question 3
How did you get around when you weren’t going to school
We often went for a family trip by train. Most weekends we went on picnics and I loved playing with my cousins in the park. The trip took much longer than it would take by car today of course.
Question 4
How do you get around now
I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast.
30．Victor asks Question 4 to get some information about Mrs.Sanderson’s ________.
A．life now
B．family life
C．lovely children
D．memories of school
31．In all of her answers，Mrs.Sanderson talks about ________.
A．her lovely grandchildren
B．her favorite activities
C．different kinds of transport
D．places she has visited
32．Which of the following is TRUE about Mrs.Sanderson
A．She drove to school on wet days in the past.
B．She couldn’t answer all Victor’s questions.
C．She finds it quicker to get to places these days.
D．She didn’t walk to school when she was young.
33．Why does Victor do the project
A．To tell the life of Mrs.Sanderson.
B．To describe how transport changes.
C．To introduce people around him.
D．To show how important health is.
As Chinese, we feel lucky. These years, China is getting better and better. Let’s see some numbers about China’s achievements.
98%: In China, all schools in the country have the Internet. Over 98% of the students can have classes in multimedia (多媒体) classrooms.
170: May 10th is China Brand (品牌) Day. Chinese brands are very popular in our country and even other countries. Over 170 countries use Chinese communication equipment. And many of them think that Chinese equipment is very good.
160,000: China has the world’s largest expressway network (高速公路网). It’s about 160,000 kilometers long in all at the end of 2020.
13,700,000,000: China’s “Sky Eye”, the world’s largest single-aperture radiotelescope (单孔射电望远镜), opened to the world on March 31st, 2021. It can see things about 13.7 billion light years away.
These are small parts of e on, China!
34．What do all the schools have in China
A．The Internet. B．China brands. C．Multimedia classrooms. D．A single-aperture radio telescope.
35．When did China’s “Sky Eye” open to the world
A．On May 10th. B．On March 31st. C．On May 31st. D．On March 10th.
36．This passage is mainly from a ________.
A．news website B．history book C．sports report D．science magazine
A survey shows that English workers spend more than a year and a half traveling to and from work. And things they do on their way mostly have to do with technology.
It shows that the workers spend a long time driving or sitting on a bus or a train to and from work. So how do people spend the time Most of them use phones and computers during the way between their homes and workplaces.
Four in ten of those people want Wi-Fi on all the buses and trains, and others want interactive (交互式的) maps to help them get around. More than half listen to music, and the rest of the people like reading a book or a newspaper.
The survey finds that cars (56%) are the most popular way of travel, with buses and trains (44%) after it. More people like to take buses to travel instead of taking trains.
An expert who helped with the survey said, “The survey shows that English people enjoy the technology and want more in the future.”
37．What do English workers usually do during the time to and from work
①Enjoy music. ②Use phones. ③Watch TV. ④Use computers.
A．②③④ B．①②③ C．①③④ D．①②④
38．Which is the right order according to its popularity (受欢迎程度)
A．Buses > Cars > Trains. B．Cars>Trains > Buses.
C．Cars> Buses > Trains. D．Trains> Cars> Buses.
39．What is the theme (主题) of the text
A．Traveling. B．Culture. C．Health. D．Education.
40．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the text
A．①②/③④/⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤
C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①/②/③④/⑤
Now there are more and more types of transportation. The speed and safety (安全性) are quite different. What’s your favourite transportation Maybe planes, because of the high speed. Maybe trains, because trains are cheap and smooth. But I like riding a bike best. I think it’s fun to ride a bike, and riding bikes can make our body strong. Riding bikes is safe if you ride slowly.
Here is a true story. Last week, I went to visit my grandparents by bike. At the crossing, the traffic lights were red. I saw a young man ride fast to cross the road. At the same time, a car was coming from the opposite side of the road, the young man couldn’t stop his bike and hit into the car. He fell down from the bike and broke one of his legs. Some people came to help him. A man called the police.
Why did the accident happen I think all types of transportation should obey the traffic rules (规则) and people should drive or ride slowly.
41．The writer thinks _________.
A．there are no differences in different types of transportation
B．the speed and safety are quite different in different types of transportation
C．the trains are safer than any other type of transportation
D．the bikes are the least safe of all types of transportation
42．The writer’s favourite transportation is _________.
A．taking a train B．taking a plane
C．riding a bike D．taking a bus
43．What does the story in the passage may tell us
A．Don’t ride bikes to cross the road. B．Don’t talk on the phone when walking.
C．Don’t walk alone on the street. D．Don’t ride bikes too fast.
44．What does the underlined word “obey” mean in the passage
A．Carry. B．Follow. C．Discuss. D．Pull.
()
()
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的上学的交通方式。
1．推理判断题。根据“How do you go to school every day By bike or on foot You can try a new way—taking a S-Cool Bus.”并结合选项可知，这篇文章最有可能出自杂志。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“The bike bus has a driver and eleven chairs for kids.”可知，除了司机以外，还可以容纳11个人。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Also, it’s very safe.”可知，该车是比较安全的。故选A。
4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了校车是如何发展的。
4．细节理解题。根据“It was a kind of horse-drawn carriage (四轮马车) and did not look like a bus. Between 1900 and 1930, the horse-drawn carriages became wooden (木质的) buses. Finally, in 1930, wooden buses became metal (金属的) ones.”可知，过去学校有3种交通工具，故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据“By making the school buses the yellow colour, people can see these buses on the road more easily to make students much safer.”可知，通过把校车变成黄色，人们可以在路上更容易地看到这些公交车，让学生更安全。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据“So it is safe to say that school buses are a popular and important way of school transportation.”可知，校车是一种受欢迎的重要学校交通方式。故选C。
7．最佳标题题。根据“However, school buses were unusual in the past.”和全文可知，本文主要讲述了校车是如何发展的。故选A。
8．A 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文叙述了班级学生上学的交通方式。
8．细节理解题。根据“There are 55 students in my class.”可知，班里有55名学生。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据“Twenty students go to school on foot because they live near the school.”可知，20名学生步行上学，因为他们住在学校附近。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“Ten students ride the bikes to school because they live not far from the school.”可知，10名学生因为离学校不远，因此骑自行车去上学。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据“The other five students go to school by boat, because there is a river between their houses and the school.”可知，有5名学生坐船上学，因为在他们家和学校之间有一条河。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“Ten students go to school by bus because they live far from the school.”可知，如果你离学校较远，你应该坐公交车去上学。故选C。
13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．B
【导语】本文讲述了世界上有各种各样的车，作者的姑姑认为车的款式就如同它的司机，有钱人开豪车，老人开旧车，大人开大车，但是作者并不这样觉得，他通过一些例子告诉我们，车子并不能反映它的司机的情况。
13．细节理解题。根据“Rich people have expensive cars”可知，姑妈认为富人都有昂贵的汽车。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据“No! Her car is new. It’s very large, and it can go 200 kilometers an hour!”可知，希尔夫人的车又快又新。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据“Mrs. Bates has a very old car...No, she has four factories and two million dollars in the bank. ”可知，贝茨夫人是老板。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据“My friend Mike is an artist. He draws beautiful pictures with lots of colours.”可知，他经常画色彩鲜艳的画。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“My aunt Mary has a car. Every Sunday, she drives to the country with her husband, her three children, her mother and their dog.”可知，车里有六个人，故选B。
18．B 19．B 20．B 21．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在铁路方面创造的奇迹。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段“As China’s first independently-designed railway, it plays an important part in Chinese railway history.” 可知京张铁路在中国铁路史上重要因为它是中国人自己建造的铁路。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段“Running at a high speed of 350 km/h, the railway line has greatly reduced the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, from over 3 hours to only 47 minutes. Some trains on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou line are smart because they provide 5G signals and wireless charging for passengers.”可知京张高铁线路是快速智能的。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“All the ten stations provide e-tickets for passengers. Passengers who have bought e-tickets online can use their ID cards instead of waiting in line for paper tickets.”可知这十个车站都为乘客提供电子客票，在网上购买电子客票的乘客可以使用身份证，而不用排队购买纸质客票，它们很方便，每年可以节省很多纸张，后文中的“they”代指“e-tickets”。故选B。
21．最佳标题题。根据第一段“China’s railway miracles have been on since last century.”可知本文主要介绍了中国铁路的奇迹。故选D。
22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D
【导语】本文讲述了未来学家Golden对未来的交通运输方面的研究，他认为未来汽车数量会减少，将有限制汽车数量的法规，公交车的出行方式也会改变等等。
22．细节理解题。根据“Golden is a futurist. Futurists are scientists who study the world today and use that information to make predictions about the future. (Golden是个未来学家。未来学家是研究当今世界并利用这些信息来预测未来的科学家。)”可知，他是一个科学家。故选C。
23．词义猜测题。根据“Much of the time the parking lots are empty.”可知，很多时候停车场都是空的，说明有这么多的停车场没有得到有效利用，因此划线单词表示“有效率的”。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据“Golden says cities will make new laws to limit (限制) the number of cars in the future.”可知，汽车会更少是因为未来将会制定法律来限制汽车的数量。故选B。
25．主旨大意题。根据“Golden says there will be fewer cars in cities in the future.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述的是关于未来交通是如何改变的。故选D。
26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C
【导语】本文介绍了Malawi的特殊交通方式——自行出租车。
26．细节理解题。根据“Bikes are the most popular in this African country. Bike riding is a way of life in Malawi.”可知骑自行车是Malawi的一种生活方式，故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据“It’s easy and cheap.”可知因为它简单便宜，故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据“I used to make boats for a living, but that’s a hard job.”可知以前以造船为生，但那是一项艰苦的工作。故选B。
29．最佳标题。根据“These years, taking a ‘bicycle taxi’ to travel around Malawi has become quite popular among tourists from all over the world.”可知本文介绍了Malawi的特殊交通方式——自行出租车。故选C。
30．A 31．C 32．C 33．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者Victor进行历史课题研究时，对邻居Susan的祖母Sanderson女士进行的采访。
30．细节理解题。根据“I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car.It is fast.”可知这里可以得知一些Sanderson女士的生活有关信息。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据文中“walked school”,“could not afford a car”,“by train”可知文中主要讲述了这些年来Sanderson女士在乘坐交通工具上的种类变化。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car.It is fast.”可知Sanderson女士觉得汽车速度比较快。故选C。
33．细节理解题。通读全文及其第一段“As part of my history project on transport (交通)”可知，文章通过Victor采访Sanderson夫人介绍旅行方式的变化。故选B。
34．A 35．B 36．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些与中国取得的成就。
34．细节理解题。根据“In China, all schools in the country have the Internet.”可知，在中国，所有的学校都有互联网。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据“China’s ‘Sky Eye’, the world’s largest single-aperture radiotelescope (单孔射电望远镜), opened to the world on March 31st, 2021”可知，中国的“天眼”于2021年3月31日向世界开放。故选B。
36．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一些与中国取得的成就，由此推断，文章可能来自一家新闻网站。故选A。
37．D 38．C 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了英国工人上下班的时间很长，文章介绍了一些他们喜欢在路上做的事情以及受欢迎的交通方式。
37．细节理解题。根据“Most of them use phones and computers during the way between their homes and workplaces”可知他们使用手机和电脑；根据“More than half listen to music, and the rest of the people like reading a book or a newspaper.”可知他们听音乐。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据“The survey finds that cars (56%) are the most popular way of travel, with buses and trains (44%) after it. More people like to take buses to travel instead of taking trains.”可知汽车是最受欢迎的交通方式，公交车比火车更受欢迎。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了英国工人在上下班路上做的一些事以及他们喜欢的交通方式。故选A。
40．篇章结构题。本文第一段引出了话题；第二至第四段介绍了人们上下班的交通方式以及如何度过上下班的时间；最后一段进行了总结。故选B。
41．B 42．C 43．D 44．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者喜欢的交通工具以及目睹的一起交通事故，告诉我们所有的交通工具都应该遵守交通规则。
41．细节理解题。根据“Now there are more and more types of transportation. The speed and safety (安全性) are quite different.”可知，作者认为不同的交通工具的速度和安全性是不同的。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据“But I like riding a bike best.”可知，作者最喜欢的交通工具是骑自行车。故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据“I think all types of transportation should obey the traffic rules (规则) and people should drive or ride slowly.”可知，文中的故事告诉我们要遵守交通规则，人们应该慢慢开车或骑车，即不要骑得太快。故选D。
44．词义猜测题。根据“all types of transportation should obey the traffic rules (规则)”可知，是指所有的交通工具都应该遵守交通规则，划线单词表示“遵守”，与follow近义。故选B。
()
()
