河南省部分市
2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
河南省焦作市普通高中2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Pet parents — cats and dogs under 20 pounds — can travel on Capitol Corridor for $30 one-way! If your furry family member fits the bill, take them on your next adventure. Check out the information below and how to book your next trip. Our check-in process is simple, making traveling with your four-legged friend easy and enjoyable.
What to Know
As you plan your next train trip with your pet, note that we welcome a maximum (最大) of 6pets per train. Booking needs to happen in advance and only one pet reservation is allowed per customer. Pets cannot be booked with multi-ride tickets, bus connections or unaccompanied minors (未成年人).
When at the station, your pet must always travel in a carrier, which counts as one piece of carry-on baggage, and the combined weight of your pet and carrier is 20 pounds. While aboard trains, it must be able to sit, lie down and remain entirely inside without touching the sides of the carrier. It is not permitted in the Café, or Quiet Cars.
How to Book
Select your trip on the booking machine.
Add your travel details and proceed until you see the option to customize (定制) your trip.
Add a pet to your booking for $30.
Contact 800-USA-RAIL if you need to change your reservation.
The Rules
Your pet must be at least eight weeks old and be unsmelly, harmless, not disruptive, and require no attention during travel.
You confirm that your pet is up to date on all vaccinations and accept responsibility for your pet by signing the pet release document at check-in.
21. How much does a pet owner have to pay for the pet for a round-trip
A. $15. B. $30. C. $45. D. $60.
22. What does a pet owner need to do if he/she is to take a cat on board
A. Book ahead of schedule. B. Take a carrier weighing 20 pounds.
C. Buy a multi-ride ticket. D. Contact 800-USA-RAIL first.
23. What are pets allowed to do
A. Eat in the Café. B. Sleep in Quiet Cars.
C. Travel in a carrier. D. Lie behind the door.
B
Sadaf’s childhood was happy. She enjoyed going to school and meeting her friends. But one day, she returned home running a high temperature.
“We thought it was regular flu. But we were told that I would not be able to walk ever again now,” she recalls.
Sadaf was just 10 years old then. After the family was turned down by doctors in Kashmir, they went to Mumbai, where an operation was performed to treat her legs. But eventually, Sadaf had to rely on a wheelchair to move around. By this time, she had to discontinue her education.
Things worsened when her father, her “only source of support”, passed away. “Everyone except my father doubted my capabilities. But he always encouraged me to dream big. I missed him.”
“There were days when I would end up crying all day, sitting alone in my room. I was getting into depression,” she says.
“By now, I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself. I chose the latter. I wanted to prove to the world that people like me can also achieve something. I had just lost my ability to walk, not my ability to use my brain,” she adds.
That is when Sadaf decided to step up for herself. In 2015, she opened a shop but had to shut it a couple of years later as the work affected her eyesight. She says, “But I wanted to try my hands at everything. So I decided to play basketball as well. I have also been awarded multiple times by the Jammu and Kashmir Basketball Association.”
Recently, Sadaf tried selling unique spices of the Kashmir valley. “Today, I have established my own business without anyone’s emotional or financial support. People would question me what I could achieve sitting in a wheelchair, when their educated and able-bodied children sat idly (闲散地). Now the very same people give my example to others,” she says.
Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt themselves. “If you hear others say something not so positive, you may end up depressed. Instead of living within the confines (限制) of a room, try to prove yourself,” she advises.
24. What did Sadaf lose after her father’s death
A. Walking ability. B. Financial support.
C. Spiritual backing. D. Precious eyesight.
25. Why did Sadaf try basketball
A. To build up her body. B. To prove herself.
C. To win awards. D. To pursue her dream.
26. Which of the following can best describe Sadaf
A. Talented but inflexible. B. Disabled but learned.
C. Independent and honest. D. Determined and capable.
27. What message can we get from Sadaf's story
A. A fine example has limitless power. B. Do not let your disability rule you.
C. Encouragement is the source of power. D. Do not put all your eggs in one basket.
C
A new study from the Netherlands has found that an important factor in a child’s ultimate level of education, even more important than their own family’s economic situation, is whether they grow up with rich neighbors nearby.
Researcher Agata Troost and her colleagues at Delft University of Technology used a national database to track the address of every Dutch baby born in 1995, a total of 140,338 people, from birth to age 23. Using geolocating software, they drew up a socioeconomic profile (概况) for each child's immediate neighborhood, figuring the percentage of neighbors who were rich, middle class or disadvantaged.
After controlling a number of other factors, including parents’ earnings and levels of education, the researchers found that a child's own experience of wealth or poverty mattered less to their ultimate level of schooling than exposure to well-off neighbors. The data suggest that growing up in a rich area, with well-maintained parks, libraries and soccer fields, as well as interactions with educated neighbors, could boost a poor child's ability to see beyond their immediate horizons (眼界).
“Rich families create neighborhoods and activities that create opportunities,” said Ms. Troost, and these advantages are shared with other children who happen to live nearby. The finding echoes an earlier study by Mr. Chetty and his colleagues, which showed that having even one inspiring teacher in middle school can improve a student’s career prospects. Whether in the classroom or on the street, it seems that social interactions outside the family can start a young person's motivation and ambition.
At the same time, the study also stressed the importance of the home environment. When parents are well educated, children are likely to be, too. And that's the moral of the story: Neighborhoods can have different effects on different children, depending on how educated their parents are, whether they are male or female, and how much casual contact they have with people who are different from their own families. “Location, location, location” may be a old saying for buying a house, but we're learning that it also holds true for children's development.
28. What aspect of the research is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Its purpose. B. Its principle. C. Its method. D. Its result.
29. What does the underlined word “echoes” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Goes against. B. Agrees with. C. Works for. D. Relates to.
30. Where is the text probably taken from
A. An advertisement. B. A novel. C. A magazine. D. A guidebook.
31. What can be the best title for the text
A. The Benefits of Educated Parents B. The Power of a Good Neighborhood
C. The Decisive Factor in a Child's Growth D. The Location Your New House Should Have
D
Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. These days, you have to make a decision on not only the percentage of fat you want, but also what source you want your milk to be coming from: cows, soybeans... You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused.
This phenomenon is known as the paradox (悖论) of choice and it is becoming a concern in the modern world, where more and more options are becoming easily available to us. While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice.
The idea was popularized by American psychologist Barry Schwartz when he published his book, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Schwartz, who has long studied the ways in which economics and psychology intersect (交叉), became interested in seeing the way that choices were affecting the happiness of citizens in Western societies. He identified that the range of choices that we have available to us these days is far greater than that people had in the past; however, consumer satisfaction has not increased as much as traditional economics theories might expect.
Schwartz identified that the paradox of choice carries the most consequence for people that are maximizers. Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. When there are many options available to maximizers, it becomes harder for them to determine which is the best, which can cause them to feel a great deal of regret after they have made a choice.
Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioral economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society.
32. What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning buying milk in paragraph 1
A. To lead in the topic.
B. To draw a conclusion.
C. To show that we have more choices when shopping.
D. To indicate that people pay greater attention to health when shopping.
33. What does the paradox of choice suggest
A. More options mean less satisfaction.
B. Consumer satisfaction has greatly increased.
C. People are happy with more choices.
D. Modern people are happier than their ancestors.
34. What can be learned about satisficers
A. They aim for the very best. B. They tend to follow their feelings.
C. They often regret their decisions. D. They have trouble making a decision.
35. What does Schwartz suggest people do
A. Hold on to their beliefs. B. Accept their own behavior.
C. Give up freedom. D. Limit their own choices.
河南省新乡市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末测试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
While Alice has her adventures in the Wonderland, you can have your own as well this summer. British contemporary artist Philip Colbert has created a Lobster（龙虾）Wonderland in Changsha, Hunan Province.
Date:July 15
Location: Changsha International Finance Square（Changsha IFS）
About Philip Colbert
His globally welcomed lobster series has won the hearts of a large number of followers. The artist, with a master's in philosophy, takes lobster as his second personality.
Through large installations, public art theme exhibition and new media art, the artist has introduced works from galleries and created a surreal art scenery in city's public space with a combination of pop art and local culture.
Features
In Changsha IFS, Colbert's exhibition, which is the London-based artist's first large-scale outdoor public art installations, has three major sectors, showcasing his large installations, sculptures and new media arts as well as the special works created for the event.
The opening ceremony, an art carnival, saw the debut（首次登台）of a 12-meter-long Lobster Taikonaut specially made by Colbert. His Lobster Flower and Lobster Shark also found their way in the parade. At the southwest square, people can find Lobster Fountain towering 12 meters and enjoy two major theme sectors, Lobster Island and Lobster Skate Park.
Lobster Rainbow, a lobster breaking through a roof with a rainbow behind it, is the artist's brand-new work for Changsha IFS. In his works, such as Daydreamer, Colbert also expresses his wish of narrowing the distance between art pieces and people.
21. What is Philip Colbert well known for
A. Alice Wonderland. B. Shark experience.
C. Lobster series. D. Rainbow story.
22. What can we learn about the exhibition according to the text
A. It took place in the open air.
B. There was no special works for the event.
C. People can enjoy lobster fountain and lake.
D. Lobster Island is the artist's brand-new work for Changsha IFS.
23. Where can the text probably be found
A. A shopping brochure. B. An art magazine.
C. A science report. D. A fashion advertisement.
B
When Belquer first joined a team to make a better live music experience for deaf and hard-of-hearing people, he was struck by how they had developed workarounds to enjoy concerts. "What they were doing at the time was holding balloons to feel the vibrations（震动）through their fingers," Belquer said. He thought the team could make something to help hard-of-hearing people enjoy live music even more with the technology now available.
Belquer, who is also a musician and theater artist, is now the "Chief Vibrational Officer" of Music: Not Impossible, which uses new technology to address social issues like poverty and disability access. His team started by tying different vibrating cellphone motors to bodies, but that didn't quite work. The vibrations were all the same. Eventually, they worked with engineers to develop a light haptic（触觉的）suit with a total of 24 vibrating plates. There are 20 of them tied to a vest that fits tightly around the body like a hiking backpack, plus one that ties to each wrist and ankle. When you wear the suit, it's surprising how it feels.
The vibrations are mixed by a haptic DJ who controls the location, frequency and intensity of feeling across the suits, just as a music DJ mixes sounds in an artful way. "What we're doing is selecting and mixing what we want and send it to different parts of the body," said the DJ. The haptic suits were just one component of the event. There were American Sign Language interpreters；the music was captioned on a screen on the stage.
The suits are the star attraction. Lily Lipman, who has auditory processing disorder, lit up when asked about her experience. "It's cool, because I'm never quite sure if I'm hearing what other people are hearing, so it's amazing to get the music in my body."
24. What surprised Belquer about people with hearing problems
A. The attitude they held to life. B. The way they enjoyed music.
C. The love they had for balloons. D. The frequency they vibrated fingers.
25. Why did the team's first attempt fail
A. The vibrations were irregular. B. The motors were the same.
C. The motors hardly worked. D. The vibrations lacked variety.
26. What did the DJ do
A. He helped people feel the music. B. He captioned the music on stage.
C. He selected suits for the attendees. D. He interpreted the sign language.
27. What does Lily Lipman think of the suit
A. Comforting. B. Challenging. C. Satisfying. D. Encouraging.
C
Bringing species like beavers（河狸）back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups.
A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In Septembermore than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country's reduced biodiversity.
Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the"reintroduction of species is not a priority".
The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government's environment department has come under scrutiny（详细审查）for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England's waterways.
Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue—although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise.
A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers.
Joan Edwards, director of Policy&Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, "Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government's arsenal（武器）for tackling nature loss and climate change—it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so."
"The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages,"she said.
28. What does paragraph 2 want to convey
A. The situation of species in the UK is severe.
B. Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority.
C. Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change.
D. The UK government's response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing.
29. How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity
A. By developing strategy. B. By offering guidance.
C. By expanding farming. D. By restoring habitat.
30. What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife
A. It was messy. B. It was limited.
C. It was beneficial. D. It was costly.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. The advantages of reintroducing wildlife.
B. The responses to a government statement.
C. The effects of climate change on farming.
D. The approaches to increasing biodiversity.
D
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal（时间 的）coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
"If we collect and process more high-resolution（高清）spatial information about what's happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system," said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
"If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply," he said. "Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it's worth fully automating that process."
While still a long way from total implementation（实施）, the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
32. How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A. By shortening their travel time.
C. By decreasing their transport cost.
B. By making their schedules tight.
D. By improving their safety awareness.
33. What can we know about the sensors placed on buses
A. They provide more spatial coverage.
B. They can't detect objects on the road.
C. They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D. They accurately record the flow of traffic.
34. What does the underlined word "surveillance"in paragraph 6 mean
A. Operation. B. Monitoring. C. Protection. D. Arrangement.
35. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Transportation automation is on its way
B. It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C. Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D. Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic
河南省开封市等2地2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末调研英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Nowadays robots are taking the world of sports by storm, from the six-legged skier to the ping pong ace and the expert curler.
Four-legged robot goalkeeper
Mini Cheetah, a four-legged robot, was trained up by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley’s Hybrid Robotics Lab.
The robot can handle a range of thrown and kicked shots from humans. It can squat, jump, sidestep and dive to stop shots. It can save 87.5 per cent of shots taken on goal, compared to the average for human keepers of around 69 per cent.
Google’s ping-pong arm
Google’s ping-pong robot arm recently completed an epic 340-shot rally（对打） with a human. The arm plays “cooperatively” to get a good rally going, but according to Google its skills could be built up to match the level of a serious human competitor.
Researchers wanted to train it up in a simulation so it could play with humans in the real world. China’s badminton bot
In China, researchers have created a robot called the Robomintoner that can play badminton against human competitors.
The machine looks a bit like a lawnmower（割草机）, but it firmly grips its badminton racket just like any human player would. It also gets sufficient power into the shuttlecock using. a swift flicking motion, and zips around the court on four wheels.
Expert skier
Also in China, experts from the Shanghai JiaoTong University created a skiing robot that can control its own descent down a snowy slope. The machine stands with two legs on each ski and grips ski poles with its middle legs, which it can manoeuvre（操纵） to control direction.
The robot can stay upright, turn and avoid crashing to people. It is also capable of skiing at more than 30 feet per second across a 1, 300-foot course on an 18-degree slope.
21. Which of the following is true about “the four-legged robot goalkeeper"
A. It can jump and dive to avoid shots.
B. It was trained up by experts from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
C. Researchers wanted to train it up so that it could play with humans in the real world.
D. It can act as a goalkeeper and deal with shots from humans.
22. What do Google’s ping-pong robot arm and Robomintoner have in common
A. They are both about robots on four wheels.
B. They can play against human competitors.
C. They are created by Chinese researchers.
D. They look a bit like a lawnmower.
23. Where is the passage most probably taken from
A. A culture magazine. B. A report.
C. A science newspaper. D. A textbook.
B
The hand-drawn posters kept catching Aviram Cohen’s eye as he walked around his neighborhood in Queens, N. Y. They were colorful advertisements with a distinct style. Cohen, who builds exhibitions in museums and galleries, was eager to uncover who was behind the posters. It wasn’t easy.
“I found them by going from restaurant to restaurant until there was someone that had their phone number,” Cohen,42, said, adding that he was hoping to ask them to create a sign for his wife’s yoga and Pilates studio in Jackson Heights.
When the artists, Carlos and Miguel Cevallos, met him at his wife’s studio that day in 2018, Cohen was shocked to see two brothers in their 80s, who for decades have spent their days in their shared Manhattan apartment making advertising posters by hand. They had long been relying on word of mouth to attract new clients. Then Cohen suggested they get on social media to preserve their work. “It should be documented so it doesn’t disappear,” Cohen said. Cohen offered to create an Instagram account for the brothers. They agreed with the idea.
The brothers, along with their older brother, Victor; opened a sign shop in Bogotá in 1966. Victor taught his younger brothers all he knew about art. After Victor moved to New York in 1969, his brothers eventually followed him. Carlos came first in 1974 and produced posters with Victor in a small art studio in Times Square, and later in Queens. In: 2005; Miguel moved to New York. After Victor’s death in 2012, Miguel and Carlos carried on their brother’s legacy（遗产） by continuing to make custom posters. Miguel outlines the letters and images and Carlos is the colorist.
Recently, the brothers have received requests from potential clients across the United States, as well as internationally. The two have no plans to part with their pens and paintbrushes anytime soon. They intend to make art indefinitely.
24. Why did Cohen try to find the poster designers
A. To do them a favor.
B. To order a sign for his wife’s studio.
C. To collect posters for his exhibitions.
D. To learn the technique of making posters.
25. How did Cohen help the two brothers
A. He advertised them with posters.
B. He made a documentary for them.
C. He introduced social media to them.
D. He housed them in a downtown apartment.
26. What is the author’s purpose in writing paragraph 4
A. To show the two brothers’ artistic origins.
B. To present the two brothers’ distinct art styles.
C. To explain why the two brothers’ business is on the rise.
D. To illustrate how the two brothers dealt with Victor’s legacy.
27. What will the two brothers do next
A. Carry on with their art.
B. Promote their art globally.
C. Pursue their separate interests in art.
D. Attempt to use new tools to do their art.
C
Have you ever wondered what your dog sees when they stare at you, or at least the treat in your hand
Well, now you can find out, as a new interactive tool shows you how your dog and other animals see the world.
Dogs, cats, birds and rabbits all have a different field of vision and access to a different color spectrum（色谱）. The new tool allows you to upload or take a photo, and then place a filter（滤光器） over the top to transform it into what your animal of choice would see.
At the back of the human eye are photoreceptors —cells that respond to the light shining in. These come in two types, “rods” or “cones”, and while rods are sensitive to motion and night vision, the cones are able to detect color.
Humans have three types of con e cells, and each of these are most sensitive to a particular color, either red, green or blue. Dogs only have two types of cones which are sensitive to blue and yellow, meaning they can only see these colors as well as shades of grey. This is comparable to the roughly nine per cent of people with red-green color blindness, which makes green look more red.
However, dog retinas（视网膜） are rod-heavy, which is why they can see better in the dark and can detect motion a lot better than humans. Dogs’ eyes are also positioned at a 20° angle and are a lot further apart than ours, which increases their surrounding vision.. This gives them a 240° field of vision-larger than a human’s 180°.
Dogs can make up for what they lack in vision with their other senses, like their sense of smell. Their “olfaction”（嗅觉） is between 10,000 to 100,000 times more acute than ours, so they are still able to cope well if their vision fails.
28. What do you need to find out how you look like in your dog’s eyes
A. a photo of your dog, a photo of yourself and the new tool.
B. a photo of your dog and the new tool.
C. the new tool and a photo of you and your dog.
D. a photo of yourself and the new tool.
29. What does the underlined word “These” refer to in Paragrap 4
A. Different types of light. B. Photoreceptors.
C. Dog eyes. D. Human eyes.
30. Why do dogs see better at night than humans
A. They are more sensitive to blue and yellow.
B. They have more “cones” in their retinas.
C. They have more “rods” in their retinas.
D. They have better sense of smell.
31. How does the author organize the whole passage
A. By giving examples. B. By making comparison.
C. By presenting data. D. By putting forward questions.
D
The old saying “Use it or lose it” doesn’t appear to be true when it comes to someone’s ability to preserve and use a foreign language, a new study has revealed.
The research team tasked almost 500 British people who had taken French GCSE or A-level between the 1970s and 2020 with completing a French vocabulary and grammar test. They included a survey of whether participants had used their French knowledge over the years since their exams, and excluded （排除） anyone who had studied a language later on in life.
They found that participants who had taken their exam 50 years ago and not used French since performed at the same level as recent school leavers, and as well as those who did, on occasion, use French.
Lead researcher Monika Schmid said, “The knowledge of language is astonishingly stable （稳定的） over long periods of time, compared to other subjects such as maths, history or science. This is likely because of the way language is stored in memory. Vocabulary is memorized in the same way that facts, dates and names are, for example, and while this memory may become weaker over time, grammar is learned in a similar way to riding a bike, a kind of muscle memory, which is much more stable. Vocabulary knowledge, on the other hand, exists in a highly connected network, which means that we need only be reminded of a word that sounds similar to a foreign language word for our brain to recall it.”
“Many people are put off revisiting languages they once learnt as they fear they will be forced to relive some of the more ‘boring’ element s of the courses, such as grammar, but our work suggests that this would not be necessary: We hope that it might encourage more people to pick foreign languages back up if they know it would only take a short amount of time in refresher lessons to bounce back to their original level,” Schmid added.
32. What did the researchers ask the participants to do
A. Take a French exam.
B. Conduct a survey in French.
C. Learn French from recent school leavers.
D. Talk about their French GCSE experience.
33. What can help us recall a foreign word
A. A fact related to it. B. Our muscle memory.
C. A similar-sounding word. D. The grammar of the language.
34. What can we infer from Schmid’s words in the last paragraph
A. One is able to quickly and easily relearn a language.
B. Years of use promises fluency in a foreign language.
C. The boring element s of a language course are important.
D. Refresher lessons are unnecessary in picking foreign languages back. up.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Language tests taken at school matter.
B. If you don’t use a language, you lose it.
C. When you grasp the grammar, you learn the language.
D. Knowledge of foreign languages lasts a lifetime.
河南省三门峡市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Let’s take a look at some of the big celebrations that happen during spring
Songkran
Songkran is a celebration marking the Thai New Year. The festival usually lasts three days, though festivities can start early or end later in some cities. Water plays a major role in the festival. Symbolically, it washes away the previous year so people can get ready for the next one Therefore, many Songkran traditions are associated with water, such as cleaning homes and pouring water on Buddha statues and the hands of elders. Outside, Songkran is celebrated with street parties and a friendly water fight. In 2023, it began on April 13.
Holi
Known as the festival of colors, Holi is celebrated on the last full moon in the lunar month of Phalguna. This ancient tradition marks the end of winter and honors the victory of good over bad. Celebrators light big fires, throw colorful powder called gulal at each other, eat sweets, and dance to traditional folk music. The annual Hindu celebration was held on March 8, 2023.
Easter
It is a Christian tradition marking the day when Jesus Christ is said to have come back to life. On Easter Sunday, people attend church services where they sing and pray. It’s a day for some fun family activities too, like decorating hard-boiled eggs and searching for the hidden treats around the house or yard. Some kids also receive baskets filled with goodies, and many families have big feasts. In 2023, Easter was celebrated on Sunday, April 9.
Passover
Passover is a time to reflect on Jews’ suffering in ancient Egypt. Jews were believed to have been led to freedom by a religious leader named Moses. Passover is celebrated for seven or eight days in reflection of the suffering. In 2023, Passover began in the evening of April 5 and ended in the evening of April 13.
21. When did Thai people start to celebrate the New Year in 2023
A. On March 8. B. On April 5. C. On April 9. D. On April 13.
22. Which holiday celebrates the victory of good
A. Songkran. B. Holi. C. Easter. D. Passover.
23. What makes Passover different from the other three holidays
A. The season of celebration. B. The widespread use of water.
C. The sad holiday atmosphere. D. The bright decorating colors.
B
One of the most famous female lighthouse (灯塔) keepers was Ida Lewis of Newport. Rhode Island. Her father was the keeper of Lime Rock Lighthouse, but after only a few months at the job he had a stroke (中风). Because Hosea Lewis was no longer able to perform his duties as a keeper, 15-year-old Ida and her mother took over in 1853. Captain Lewis lived about 20years longer, but Ida and her mother performed all the required duties of a keeper.
Ida was known as the best swimmer in Newport. She was also skilled at handling a rowboat, something that was not seen as particularly appropriate for a woman of that time However, during her 39 years keeping the light at Lime Rock, Ida rescued between 18 and 25 people. That certainly made it seem less important whether or not Ida’s behaviors were appropriate!
People were fascinated by this woman who appeared to make her own rules for living. Thousands of visitors came to Lime Rock in the hope of seeing Ida Lewis in person Ida was used to the quiet solitude of a lighthouse keeper’s life, and she was uncomfortable with all the attention Even so, she couldn’t help being honored by the awards she received for her service. President Ulysses S. Grant made a trip to Rhode Island to visit Ida and to praise her for her heroism.
In 1924, Lime Rock was renamed Ida Lewis Rock in honor of the keeper who had died in 1911. The lighthouse service of Rhode Island also renamed Lime Rock Lighthouse the Ida Lewis Lighthouse. It is the only lighthouse to be named for its keeper.
24. How did Ida Lewis become the keeper of Lime Rock Lighthouse
A. She was recommended for the position by her father.
B. She was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant.
C. She took her mother’s advice on her career.
D. She took over after her father had a stroke.
25. Why did thousands of visitors come to Lime Rock
A. To see Ida Lewis in the flesh. B. To build the lighthouse.
C. To swim in the ocean. D. To rescue Ida Lewis.
26. What does the underlined word “solitude” in the third paragraph mean
A. geographic surroundings. B. state of being alone. C. coastal workplace. D. effortless job.
27. What is special about the Ida Lewis Lighthouse
A. It is the tallest lighthouse in the world.
B. It is the first lighthouse in Rhode Island.
C. It is the oldest lighthouse in the United States.
D. It is the only lighthouse named after its keeper.
C
It is no secret that play-based learning improves the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being of children. Researchers now believe that certain board games, like Chutes and Ladders and Monopoly, can also help enhance their math skills.
The team at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago, Chile, came to this conclusion after analyzing the results of 19 studies. They were conducted between 2000 and2023. All but one of the studies focused on the relationship between math skills and board games.
In these studies, kids aged 3-9 played board games under the supervision (监督) of teachers or trained adults. The 20-minute sessions were held twice a week for about six weeks. In some cases, one set of kids (the intervention group) played number-centric board games, while the other (the control group) played board games that did not require math skills. in other studies. both the intervention and control groups played number-based games. They were, however, given different games, like Monopoly and Dominoes.
The participants’ math skills were assessed before and after each study. The researchers looked for improvement in four key categories. They included the ability to name numbers and demonstrate simple number knowledge-such as “nine is greater than three. ” Changes in the kids’ abilities to add and subtract and their interest in math were also noted.
The results of the study were published in the journal Early Years on July 6, 2023. It revealed that playing board games helps improve the children’s math skills in over half of the four areas. Additionally, nearly a third of the children in the intervention groups scored higher on math tests than those in the control groups.
The researchers hope their findings will inspire the creation of new board games specially designed for classroom learning. Meanwhile, boost your math skills by organizing a game a night or two with family and friends this summer—it all adds up!
28. What’s the researchers’ attitude towards the relationship between play-based learning and children’s well-being
A. Negative. B. Indifferent C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
29. How were the participants’ math skills assessed
A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions.
C. By making comparisons. D. By providing definitions.
30. What do the researchers hope their findings will inspire
A. The improvement of social and emotional well-being in children.
B. The creation of new board games for classroom learning
C. The introduction of play-based learning in schools.
D. The use of board games for physical development
31. What is the main focus of the text
A. The benefits of play-based leaning to children.
B. The solution to improving children’s math skills.
C. The results of a study on board games and math skills
D. The need for new board games for classroom learning.
D
It could be said that trees naturally call for attention as they climb toward the sky with their arms outstretched (伸展的). Yet, it’s still easy for us to ignore them. As we live busy lives, trees seem to play the role of a background.
Nothing could be further from the truth. Trees are important to the quality and health of our lives, our homes and our planet. Rooted to a single spot, they appear still. But that stillness is not equal to laziness. In fact, they are workhorses of the environment as the impact of their hard work carries miles farther than the ground in which they stand.
Globally, trees are the most cost-effective tool in the fight against climate change. Trees clean the air and absorb carbon. They promote biodiversity and support important habitats. For example, ring-tailed lemurs (环尾狐猴) are considered one of the most endangered creatures on the planet. A big reason is that half of the forests they depend on in Madagascar off the east coast of Africa were cut down.
Lemurs aren’t alone when it comes to a dependency on trees. Trees are home to 80% of all animals, plants and insects that live on land. Though humans aren’t always dependent on treetops for shelter, trees can save our lives, too.
Reports indicate in 2022 alone, heat waves across Europe caused an estimated 20, 000deaths. Scientists point to trees as a way to fight against these urban heat islands, saying that increasing Europe’s tree canopy (树冠) by 30% could prevent thousands of deaths. Being around trees can also improve a person’s blood pressure, mental health and boost creativity. In fact, doctors in Canada are so convinced of nature’s benefits for the mind and body that they started suggesting patients free passes to national parks.
It’s time to put trees in the spotlight and inspire people to plant trees. This isn’t a one-sided relationship. What we give to nature we will receive in return.
32. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning ring-tailed lemurs
A. The importance of trees to animals.
B. The function of trees in purifying the air.
C. How animals fight against climate change.
D. Why trees are always overlooked by people.
33. Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. Insects’ lives are not affected by trees B. Trees can contribute to human survival.
C. Carbon can hardly be absorbed by trees. D. Planting trees is high-cost and low-return.
34 What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. Encourage people to make more friends. B. Advertise a spotlight.
C. Introduce a new topic for discussion. D. Call on people to plant trees.
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment B. Health. C. Environment. D. Education.
河南省郑州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Kew Gardens is not only a popular tourist destination in London, but also a botanical garden and a research center that has the largest collection of living plants at a single site. So, let's explore the Royal Botanical Gardens with CGTN's reporter Robyn Dwyer.
Palm House
The first stop is the Palm House, a giant indoor rainforest with a wide range of plants. Visitors can enjoy these unique plants while researchers can study the secrets of these plants. Eatable plants such as cocoa tree and African oil palm are all preserved here to keep the diversity of food resources. At the same time, it houses many medical use plants, including some that are used to treat cancer.
Temperate House
Known as the world's largest Victorian glasshouse, the Temperate House is home to 1,500 species of plants from temperate regions of the world. Some of the species kept here have gone extinct in the wild, such as Encephalartos woodii, a cycad from South Africa. And some are already extinct like Saint Helena olive, but the Kew has stored its DNA.
Mediterranean（地中海）Garden
In the Mediterranean Garden, one can see plants from the Southern Europe, such as rosemary, olives and cork oak. Walking in the garden, one can feel the non-indoor vibe（氛围）of the Mediterranean and learn about the economic as well as scientific uses of these plants.
On International Day for Biological Diversity this year, join CGTN to travel around the world's national parks and reserves across seven continents. Our next program is to visit penguins and seals in the Antarctic Ice Aquarium Norway.
21. What do the three places have in common
A. They all store plants for medical use.
B. They all have plants of economic value.
C. They all house plants of seven continents.
D. They all own plants for scientific research.
22. Which one suits a visitor preferring outdoor sites
A. Palm House. B. Temperate House.
C. Mediterranean Garden. D. Antarctic Ice Aquarium.
23. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A TV travel program. B. A biodiversity essay.
C. A travel advertisement. D. A botanical dictionary.
B
Recently, my husband and three kids were playing in the Mediterranean, swimming and floating in the picture-perfect sea. It was extremely beautiful in Majorca, Spain. The way the sun danced across the water and how the blue horizon was dotted with storybook sailboats were such beautiful scenes. I almost couldn't believe my eyes.
My husband and I always dreamed about taking our kids on a trip around the world. It was something we always wanted to do "one day". It was one of the things we talked at length about, when we imagined our life with the children we hoped we would have.
Fourteen years later, we had three boys who were growing up faster by the day. It was time to make good on those plans.
We spent dozens of hours discussing, researching and planning. We had to learn how to "road school" our kids and arrange time off from work. We renewed our passports, and then packed our bags. We showed our kids the world. It was about experiencing the dozens of flights and trains and taxis together. We showed them how wonderful, how diverse, and how amazing the world is. We wanted them to learn all that we had learned ourselves, through our own travels as young adults.
But there was something more than that: What we really wanted is to slow down time. We wanted the days to last a bit longer, and the weeks to take their time. The years with our children are going too fast. We wanted to put the brakes on（阻止）our busy lives for a year, and just be with our kids. We wanted a break from the daily morning routine of making lunches, eating breakfast and rushing out of the door in time for school. We needed a family time-out.
It was a wonderful two-month trip in Europe, full of incredible moments. And when we look back at our lives, I know we'll be glad we did it. I know we'll be happy that this is a chapter of the story of our family.
24. What was the author's attitude toward the trip when planning it
A. Worried. B. Calm. C. Stressed. D. Eager.
25. What does the underlined part "make good on" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Change. B. Realize. C. Improve. D. Cancel.
26. What was the author's main purpose of taking this trip
A. To teach her children to value life.
B. To allow her children to see the world.
C. To enjoy a family breakaway from their life routine.
D. To enable her children to learn something out of class.
27. How did the author feel about their two-month stay in Europe
A. Tired. B. Satisfied. C. Inspired. D. Disappointed.
C
Recent videos claiming that a school in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, serves pre-made meals to its students have caused heated discussions across the country. People doubt if pre-made meals, despite being convenient, are healthy and nutritious enough for growing teenagers.
Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished dishes that are already cooked or prepared, according to the China Cuisine Association. There are several types of pre-made foods, including ready-to-eat food, such as canned food or cooked food ind packages, and ready-to-heat or ready-to-cook food, which requires heating or cooking before being served.
Many people tend to think that ready-to-heat and ready-to-cook foods are less nutritious because they usually need to be kept in freezers or refrigerators.
"Actually freezing does not cause a loss of nutrients," Liu Junya, a 33-year-old dietitian in Beijing, told Teens. "Nutrient loss typically occurs during the heating or frying process."
Vitamins from the B group and vitamin C found in meat and vegetables are heat-sensitive and can be lost during the process. By being heated or cooked twice or more, "pre-made foods can be less nutritious than freshly prepared and cooked foods," Liu said.
Meanwhile, "many pre-made food companies weigh taste over nutrition," said Liu. This leads to higher levels of salt and sugar in the food, which may lead to health problems.
Additives（添加剂）are also a major concern related to pre-made foods. In China, there are strict standards for food additives. Currently, China's food industry has well-developed techniques to preserve pre-made foods without the overuse of additives. Some food can be sterilized（消毒）and then sealed after cooking, followed by low-temperature storage, allowing for a longer shelf life. However, it's essential that customers buy pre-made meals from qualified food companies or supermarkets.
It is hoped that regulations（管理）on pre-made meals can be strengthened to better ensure nutrition and hygiene. This way, "pre-made meals will be more accepted by the public," Liu said.
28. What can be learned about pre-made meals from the passage
A. They are usually costly and tasty.
B. They taste better than homemade food.
C. They are already partly or fully cooked.
D. They are high in sugar, salt and vitamins.
29. When does Liu Junya think nutrient loss typically occurs in pre-made foods
A. During cooking. B. During freezing.
C. During packaging. D. During sterilizing.
30. What does the author suggest consumers do about pre-made meals
A. Keep pre-made meals frozen. B. Check the cooking instructions.
C. Be careful of the additives used. D. Buy from reliable food suppliers.
31. What does Liu Junya think of pre-made meals
A. They are a convenient choice for all.
B. They are suitable for daily consumption.
C. They shoud be avoided for long-term health.
D. They can be more accepted if controlled properly.
D
Since 2001, robotic tools have greatly affected the practice of surgery（外科手术）. They have reduced the stress and physical demands normally placed on surgeons and have made certain procedures possible.
One example is"keyhole surgery", which normally requires surgeons to stand at awkward angles and make difficult movements with their hands to make a cut inside the patient. But in June 2022, surgeon James Ansell used 3D glasses and two joysticks（操纵杆）to control four robotic arms to perform a procedure to remove a cancerous tumor（癌症肿瘤）. "My colleague said that this feels like cheating,” Ansell said to The Guardian.
Another area of surgery that has had major technological breakthroughs in recent years is telesurgery. Telesurgery, or remote surgery, is the use of technology that allows a surgeon to perform a procedure on a patient not in the same physical location.
Normally, telesurgery relies on a wired connection for fear that a wireless connection drops during surgery. But China has made several advancements in wireless telesurgery based on 5G technology.
China achieved the first 5G-based remote operation in March 2019 involving a brain surgery procedure between a surgeon in Sanya and a patient in Beijing, a distance totaling nearly 3,000 kilometers, reported CGTN. More recently, a team of surgeons successfully completed remote micron-level eye surgery on rabbits located in a different city, reported China Daily. The rabbits were at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, but the surgical team who operated on them via a 5G robot were at the Hainan Eye Hospital in Haikou, Hainan province.
Looking to the future, people hope that remote surgery could become common to help heal injured soldiers on the battlefield while keeping surgeons at a safe distance. Some even believe that robotic systems, combined with AI, could one day surpass（超过）human surgeons.
But, in consideration of current technological limitations and the high costs of these robots, the complete robot takeover of surgery may still have a long way to go.
32. What does the "keyhole surgery" example intend to show
A. The difficulty of robotic surgery.
B. The progress achieved by robotic tools.
C. The need for advanced 5D technology.
D. The physical challenges surgeons face.
33. What great achievement has China made in the field of telesurgery
A. Achieving remote surgery using a wired connection.
B. Completing remote eye surgery on humans successfully.
C. Doing the first wireless brain surgery with 5G technology.
D. Conducting the first 5G-based remote operation on rabbits.
34. What can be inferred about robots in the medical field
A. They still need improving.
B. They have been widely adopted.
C. They are currently in great demand.
D. They have surpassed human capabilities.
35. What is the passage mainly about
A. The benefits of robotic surgery.
B. China's achievements in surgery.
C. The development in medical robotics.
D. The use of 5G technology in robotic surgery.
答案：
河南省焦作市普通高中2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了携带宠物乘坐火车的一些相关政策和要求。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Pet parents — cats and dogs under 20 pounds — can travel on Capitol Corridor for $30 one-way!(宠物父母——20磅以下的猫和狗——可以在国会走廊旅行，单程30美元！)”可知，体重在20磅以下的猫和狗乘坐火车单程需要支付30 美元，那么往返则需要支付60 美元。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Booking needs to happen in advance and only one pet reservation is allowed per customer.(需要提前预订，每位顾客只允许预订一只宠物)”可知，携带宠物乘坐火车需要提前预订。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“While aboard trains, it must be able to sit, lie down and remain entirely inside without touching the sides of the carrier.(在火车上，它必须能够坐下，躺下，并完全留在里面，而不接触载体的侧面)”可知，宠物必须待在笼子里。故选C。
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了残疾人Sadaf不顾他人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Things worsened when her father, her ‘only source of support’, passed away.(当她“唯一的支柱”父亲去世后，情况变得更糟了)”可知，Sadaf的父亲是她的支柱，是唯一一个支持鼓励她的人，因此父亲的去世让她失去了精神支柱。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中的“By now, I’ve realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself.(到现在为止，我意识到我要么结束自己的生命，要么努力证明自己)”以及第七段中的“But I wanted to try my hands at everything. So I decided to play basketball as well.(但我想尝试一切。所以我也决定打篮球)”可知，Sadaf打篮球是为了证明自己。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“I wanted to prove to the world that people like me can also achieve something. I had just lost my ability to walk, not my ability to use my brain(我想向世界证明，像我这样的人也能有所成就。我只是失去了走路的能力，而不是失去了思考的能力)”和第七段中的“But I wanted to try my hands at everything. So I decided to play basketball as well.(但我想尝试一切。所以我也决定打篮球)”和最后一段的“Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt themselves.(萨达夫认为，残疾人永远不应该怀疑自己)”可知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但是她开店、打篮球、做生意，非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢地证明自己的能力，因此也是意志坚定的，所以用“有决心，有能力”能最好描述Sadaf。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段中“If you hear others say something not so positive, you may end up depressed. Instead of living within the confines (限制) of a room, try to prove yourself,(如果你听到别人说一些不太积极的话，你可能会感到沮丧。不要限制在一个房间里，试着证明你自己)”可推知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。故选B项。
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，即对一个孩子最终的教育水平而言，其邻居的富裕程度是一个重要因素，其影响甚至超过了他们自己家庭的经济状况。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Researcher Agata Troost and her colleagues at Delft University of Technology used a national database to track the address of every Dutch baby born in 1995, a total of 140,338 people, from birth to age 23. Using geolocating software, they drew up a socioeconomic profile (概况) for each child's immediate neighborhood, figuring the percentage of neighbors who were rich, middle class or disadvantaged. (代尔夫特理工大学的研究员阿加塔·特罗斯特和她的同事们利用一个国家数据库追踪了1995年出生的每一个荷兰婴儿的住址，从出生到23岁，总共有140338人。利用地理定位软件，他们为每个孩子的近邻绘制了一份社会经济概况，计算出富人、中产阶级或弱势群体的邻居所占比例。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的方法：使用地理定位软件，为140338 个荷兰孩子的直接邻居绘制社会经济状况概况，计算富裕、中产阶级或贫困邻居的百分比。故选C。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Rich families create neighborhoods and activities that create opportunities,” said Ms. Troost, and these advantagesare shared with other children who happen to live nearby. (“富裕的家庭创造了社区和活动，创造了机会，”特罗斯特说，而碰巧住在附近的其他孩子也能分享这些优势。)”和“an earlier study by Mr. Chetty and his colleagues, which showed that having even one inspiring teacher in middle school can improve a student’s career prospects. (切蒂和他的同事们早些时候的一项研究，该研究表明，即使在中学有一位鼓舞人心的老师，也能改善学生的职业前景。)”可知，富裕家庭创造社区和活动，创造机会，与其他住在附近的孩子分享这些优势。即该研究结果与Chetty 及其同事之前的一项研究相一致，划线词的意思为“与……一致，与……相呼应”。A. Goes against违背，违反；B. Agrees with与……一致；C. Works for为……工作；D. Relates to与……相关。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“A new study from the Netherlands has found that an important factor in a child’s ultimate level of education, even more important than their own family’s economic situation, is whether they grow up with rich neighbors nearby. (荷兰的一项新研究发现，影响孩子最终教育水平的一个重要因素，甚至比他们自己家庭的经济状况更重要，那就是他们是否与附近富裕的邻居一起长大。)”可知，本文主要介绍了儿童成长过程中，邻居等因素的影响，这是一个研究。 因此文章可能选自杂志。故选C。
【31题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“A new study from the Netherlands has found that an important factor in a child’s ultimate level of education, even more important than their own family’s economic situation, is whether they grow up with rich neighbors nearby. (荷兰的一项新研究发现，影响孩子最终教育水平的一个重要因素，甚至比他们自己家庭的经济状况更重要，那就是他们是否与附近富裕的邻居一起长大。)”可知，本文主要讲述对一个孩子最终的教育水平而言，其成长的邻居的富裕程度是一个重要因素，其影响甚至超过了他们自己家庭的经济状况。故选项B“The Power of a Good Neighborhood (好邻居的力量)”符合题意。故选B。
【答案】32. A 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。 文章主要介绍了“选择悖论”这一现象，即过多的选择会让人们感到困惑和不满，从而降低消费者的满意度。文章还介绍了“最大化者”和“满足者”的区别，以及心理学和行为经济学在解决这一问题中的作用。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Imagine you need milk, so you go to the grocery store to pick some up, only to find there are dozens of options. (想象一下，你需要牛奶，所以你去杂货店买了一些，却发现有几十种选择)”以及“You have no idea what milk to pick. There are so many choices that you are confused.(你不知道该选什么牛奶。有太多的选择让你感到困惑)”可知，购物时牛奶品类众多，以至于很难做出决策。是下文“选择的悖论”这一现象的一个案例。由此可推知，文章第一段提到买牛奶就是为了引出文章的话题。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“While we might believe that being presented with multiple options actually makes it easier to choose one that we are happy with, and thus increases consumer satisfaction, having too many options actually requires more effort to make a decision and can leave us feeling unsatisfied with our choice.(虽然我们可能认为，提供多种选择实际上会让我们更容易选择一种我们满意的选择，从而提高消费者满意度，选择太多实际上需要付出更多的努力才能做出决定，这会让我们对自己的选择感到不满意)”可知，选择太多实际上需要付出更多的努力才能做出决定，这会让我们对自己的选择感到不满意。由此可推知，更多的选择意味着更少的满足感。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Maximizers, unlike satisficers, are concerned with making the best choice instead of simply making a choice that they are happy with. (与满足者不同，最大化者关心的是做出最好的选择，而不是简单地做出他们满意的选择)”可推知，满足者跟随自己的感觉，不纠结于必须做出“最好的”决定。故选B。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Instead of believing that freedom of choice is unlimited, Schwartz advocates that the role of psychology and behavioral economics should be to find the kind of limitations on freedom that can lead to the greatest level of happiness within society.(施瓦茨不认为选择的自由是无限的，而是主张心理学和行为经济学的作用应该是找到对自由的限制，从而在社会中获得最大程度的幸福)”可知，施瓦茨建议人们限制自己的选择。故选D。
河南省新乡市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末测试英语试题
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了英国当代艺术家Philip Colbert 在湖南长沙创作的“龙虾仙境”。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据About Philip Colbert部分中“His globally welcomed lobster series has won the hearts of a large number of followers. The artist, with a master’s in philosophy, takes lobster as his second personality.(他的龙虾系列受到全球欢迎，赢得了一大批粉丝的心。这位拥有哲学硕士学位的艺术家把龙虾当作自己的第二人格)”可知，他的龙虾系列作品受到全球欢迎，所以他是因他的龙虾系列作品而全球闻名的。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Features部分中“In Changsha IFS, Colbert’s exhibition, which is the London-based artist’s first large-scale outdoor public art installations, has three major sectors, showcasing his large installations, sculptures and new media arts as well as the special works created for the event.(在长沙IFS，科尔伯特的展览是伦敦艺术家的第一个大型户外公共艺术装置，分为三个主要部分，展示了他的大型装置，雕塑和新媒体艺术以及为活动创作的特别作品)”可知，该展览是这位伦敦艺术家的第一个大型户外公共艺术装置。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“While Alice has her adventures in the Wonderland, you can have your own as well this summer. British contemporary artist Philip Colbert has created a Lobster(龙虾) Wonderland in Changsha, Hunan Province.(当爱丽丝在仙境里冒险的时候，这个夏天你也可以有自己的冒险。英国当代艺术家菲利普·科尔伯特在湖南省长沙市创造了一个龙虾仙境)”结合文章主要介绍了一位艺术家的展览，故本文可以在艺术杂志上看到。故选B。
24—27 BDAC
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐家兼戏剧艺术家Belquer和其团队利用现有技术制作一个套装来帮助听力障碍人士更好地享受现场音乐。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Belquer first joined a team to make a better live music experience for deaf and hard- of-hearing people, he was struck by how they had developed workarounds to enjoy concerts.(当Belquer第一次加入一个为聋哑人和听力障碍人士提供更好的现场音乐体验的团队时，他对他们如何想出享受音乐会的变通方法感到震惊。)”可知，Belquer对听障人士想出的享受音乐的方法而震惊，故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“His team started by tying vibrating different cell phone motors to bodies, but that didn’t quite work. The vibrations were all the same. (他的团队首先将不同的手机振动电机绑在身体上，但这并不太奏效。振动都是一样的。)”可知，他的团队最初的尝试失败了，这是因为震动都是一样的，即缺乏多样性，故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The vibrations are mixed by a haptic DJ who controls the location, frequency and intensity of feeling across the suits, just as a music DJ mixes sounds in an artful way. “What we’re doing is selecting and mixing what we want and send it to different parts of the body,” said the DJ.(振动由触觉DJ混合，他控制着套装中感觉的位置、频率和强度，就像音乐DJ以巧妙的方式混合声音一样。“我们正在做的就是选择并混合我们想要的东西，并将其发送到身体的不同部位，”DJ 说)”可知，DJ选择并混合想要的东西，并将其发送到身体的不同部位，以此来帮助人们感受音乐。由此可推知，DJ帮助人们感受音乐，故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lily Lipman所说的话“It’s cool, because I’m never quite sure if I’m hearing what other people are hearing, so it’s amazing to get the music in my body.(这很酷，因为我永远不确定我是否听到了其他人听到的声音，所以让音乐进入我的身体真是太棒了。)”可推知，Lily Lipman对这个套装是满意的，故选C。
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英国政府发出一份声明，认为将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急，而是希望通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性，该声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity. (最近的一份报告显示，英国有六分之一的物种面临灭绝的危险。今年9月，60多个保护组织报告称，由于农业扩张和气候变化的影响，物种数量显著减少。近年来，慈善机构重新引入了动物和植物，作为恢复该国减少的生物多样性的努力的一部分)”可知，本段主要介绍了英国物种多样性的现状，一部分物种面临灭绝的危险，物种数量显著减少，很多机构在努力恢复物种多样性。由此可知，本段想表示英国的物种状况很严峻。故选A项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. (政府表示，其重点是通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性)”可知
