浙江省（通用）八年级英语寒假自我提升-基础题专练
同学们，寒假马上要开始了，我们即将迎来农历中国年，预祝同学们新年快乐！在新的一年里，同学们会进行下一个学期的学习。我们来年九月即将升入九年级，所以这个寒假的学习状态是一个转折点，她既能伴着有心的同学提高成绩，也可能让无准备的同学感受到压力。所以请同学们与我一起，提前准备好新学期的课程。
本套专练，融合了上学期的重要知识点，又增加了下学期的部分新知识，分为基础题和能力题两种题型。现在看到的，是基础题型，请大家自由选择使用。
预祝同学在新的学期学习进步！
一、词汇运用
选择方框中所给的单词，并将选项序号填入空白处。
improve tall two during different
1. Most buildings in Beijing are ________ than the ones in my hometown.
2. I was so lucky to see my favorite sports star ________ my stay in Hangzhou.
3. He is going to ________ his English by listening to tapes.
4. What a ________! You look great with your new dress.
5. I usually go to the dentist to wash the teeth ________ a year.
二、任务型阅读
Experts share some mental exercises to train our brains (大脑) to think in English. They tell us that it’s best to start small, little by little.
__________1__________
Look around you. What do you see In your head, try to name each thing near you. Charles Thomas, an English teacher tells his students to name the things that they see around them, wherever they are. Another teacher Andrew Hinshaw also finds this exercise helpful.
__________2__________
Thomas says, “If you’re looking at your house and you see your garage, but you can’t think of the name in English.” You can describe it like this, “The place inside where I put my car” or you can say, “It’s next to my house. I keep things there.”
__________3__________
For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself by using simple sentences like, “It’s such a beautiful day” and “People are playing sports with their friends.”
__________4__________
Thomas asks his beginning-level students to describe their everyday activities using the simple present verb form. So, they would think to themselves activities like, “I put on my shirt” and “He drives the bus.”
__________5__________
This would need other verb tenses (时态). For example, you might tell yourself, “When I leave the house, I’m going to get an iced coffee. Then, I’ll take the train to class. I’m studying with Jenny today. She said she booked a study room at the library for 2 p.m.”
A. Think in simple sentences.
B. Think you speak to someone else.
C. Describe daily activities in the mind.
D. Describe things you don’t know the words for in your mind.
E. Name things around you in English in your head.
F. Make plans in your mind when you wake up in the morning.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We are changing the environment all the time. Now that change ___1___ (happen) around the world because of global warming (全球变暖). Good news is that we all know it is important ___2___ (save) nature. Some projects about saving nature are hard to imagine and work, others have a bigger chance to succeed ____3____ (quick). One example is coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Corals are useful to people, but sea pollution is ____4____ (harm) to them. Without stopping sea pollution, reefs would die soon, and ____5____ (million) of people would lose food. It’s reported that corals’ food supply are up to 10,000 billion dollars ___6___ year. However, reefs are ___7___ danger as sea temperatures are rising. Scientists are trying to grow heat resistant (耐热的) corals, ___8___ then move them around the world.
If ocean pollution goes on, even heat-resistant corals ___9___ (die) at the end of this century. Luckily, more and more ___10___ (country) are starting to act together to stop it.
四、阅读理解（本题有15小题, 每小题6分；共计15分）
A
Last year, students from Miller Mount School made a survey about “How do people spend their free time ” Here are the results.
hours for people of different ages
who surf the Internet in a week
different days people go to the library (%)
different programs people like
1. The people at the age of ________ surf the Internet most in a week.
A. 7—1 B. 2—15 C. 31—55 D. over 56
2. How many people go to the library on Sunday
A. About 5%. B. About 40%. C. Over 60%. D. Over 80%.
3. Which of the following is True according to the diagrams
A. People over 60 years old never surf the Internet. B. News is the most people’s favorite program.
C. People hardly ever go to the library on weekdays. D. Half of the people like watching cartoons.
B
WeRun (微信运动) is an app in WeChat. It lets users see their daily step counts. One of its most popular things is a leaderboard (排行榜) among friends that lets users see how their results compared with others.
As a growing number of people use WeRun, we wondered what we can learn about a person just from knowing their step counts. Here we take a closer look:
Fewer than 50 steps: Anyone who takes fewer than 50 steps in one day may be ill or sad. Or maybe he or she is just too lazy to get out of the bed!
50—500 steps: It’s easy to have a few hundred steps. Even going shopping on foot will be enough.
500—8, 000 steps: Most students and workers will take between 500 and 8, 000 steps a day. These step counts are often in the middle of the leaderboard. But your parents will always give your step counts a thumbs-up (It’s their job to care about you!).
8, 000—15, 000 steps: Salespeople and members of film workers are likely to take these many steps a day, as they are always on the move.
More than 15, 000 steps: Mostly, these step counts can be on the top of the leaderboard. They’re couriers, porters, cleaners and so on. They’re the people who help us live easy and comfortable lives and keep our environment nice and clean.
To some degree, a person’s WeRun data (数据) shows his or her character and personal life. But even when actions speak louder than words, we still shouldn’t jump to conclusions (结论).
4. According to the passage, what is WeRun
A. It’s a popular game in WeChat.
B. It’s an app to make people walk more.
C. It’s an app in WeChat to count users’ steps.
D. It’s a leaderboard in WeChat to compare users’ step counts.
5. What step counts are often in the middle of the leaderboard
A. 50—500. B. 500—8, 000. C. 8, 000—15, 000. D. Over 15, 000.
6. What does the underlined phrase “give... a thumbs-up” in the fifth paragraph mean
A. 点赞 B. 转发 C. 收藏 D. 评论
7. What CAN’T we learn from the passage
A. More and more people start to use WeRun.
B. WeRun data can be a way to know someone’s character.
C. WeRun data is the best way to show someone’s personal life.
D. WeRun data can be a way to know someone’s personal life.
C
At 12 I went back to college after a long break from schooling. I was taking a college math class, but I found it too hard to learn math now and was struggling (努力) to keep up.
I sat behind a young man. Upon first look, he looked like a thug. I didn’t like how he looked and believed that he would never be able to work out any math problem.
One day in math class, we were learning a new formula (方程式). We needed to make use of the formula to do some calculations (计算). I kept getting a number that was thousands off of the correct answer. I moved backward and forward in my chair and groaned (叹息).
The “thug” that sat in front of me turned around and said, “Let me see what you got.”
It turns out that he was very good at math. He explained the formula to me slowly. About 10 minutes later, I worked it out.
Thinking about how I misunderstood a classmate because of how he looked, I felt guilty. It was really a wrong judgment (评价) to make. Now I know that we should never judge someone because of how they look or dress.
8. What problem did the writer have
A. He couldn’t relax at college. B. He found it difficult to learn math.
C. He looked much older than others. D. He couldn’t get along with his classmates.
9. Why did the writer move around a lot in his chair
A. Because he was trying to look at his classmate’s answer.
B. Because he wanted to get his classmate’s attention.
C. Because he was worried about the problem.
D. Because he wanted to play outside.
10. How did the writer feel after the “thug” helped him
A. sorry. B. happy. C. angry. D. tired.
11. What does the writer want to tell us
A. One is never too old to learn. B. It is good to give others a hand sometimes.
C. Never give up in the face of difficulty. D. Never judge others by their looks.
D
①People use their mouths for many things. They eat, talk, shout and sing. In the English language, there are many meanings using the word “mouth”. But some of them are not so nice.
②For example, if you say bad things about a person, the person might protest (抗议) and say “Do not bad mouth me”. Another situation is that you thought someone said something bad about you, and you ask him. He might say, “Do not put words in my mouth!” Sometimes, people tell the person something they didn’t mean to tell. The speaker might say, “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.” In other words, he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing.
③Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend is going to say. When this happens, the friend might say. “You take the words right out of my mouth!”
④Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. There is an expression for this, too. You might say such a person “was born with a silver spoon (银匙) in his mouth.” This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives from hand to mouth. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.
12. “Do not put words in my mouth” has the same meaning to “________”.
A. I did not say that B. Please don’t ask me
C. That’s too dirty D. I am full
13. A person born with a silver spoon in his mouth is ________ according to the passage.
A. Friendly B. rich C. strong D. cute
14. What is the passage about
A. English people say bad things very often.
B. People use their mouths to do lots of things.
C. The rich have different mouths from the poor.
D The word “mouth” has different meanings in English.
15. The right structure of the passage should be
A. B. C. D.浙江省（通用）八年级英语寒假自我提升-基础题专练
同学们，寒假马上要开始了，我们即将迎来农历中国年，预祝同学们新年快乐！在新的一年里，同学们会进行下一个学期的学习。我们来年九月即将升入九年级，所以这个寒假的学习状态是一个转折点，她既能伴着有心的同学提高成绩，也可能让无准备的同学感受到压力。所以请同学们与我一起，提前准备好新学期的课程。
本套专练，融合了上学期的重要知识点，又增加了下学期的部分新知识，分为基础题和能力题两种题型。现在看到的，是基础题型，请大家自由选择使用。
预祝同学在新的学期学习进步！
一、词汇运用
选择方框中所给的单词，并将选项序号填入空白处。
improve tall two during different
1. Most buildings in Beijing are ________ than the ones in my hometown.
2. I was so lucky to see my favorite sports star ________ my stay in Hangzhou.
3. He is going to ________ his English by listening to tapes.
4. What a ________! You look great with your new dress.
5. I usually go to the dentist to wash the teeth ________ a year.
【答案】1. taller
2. during 3. improve
4. difference
5. twice
【1题详解】
句意：北京的大多数建筑都比我家乡的要高。根据空后“than the ones”可知，此处是将两地的建筑物进行比较，应用tall“高的”的比较级taller。故填taller。
【2题详解】
句意：我待在杭州期间，很幸运地看到了我最喜欢的体育明星。根据空后“my stay in Hangzhou”可推知，此处选用during“在……期间”，表示“待在杭州期间”。故填during。
【3题详解】
句意：他将通过听磁带来提高他的英语水平。根据“by listening to tapes”可知，通过听磁带可以提高英语水平，因此应用动词improve“提高”。be going to do“将要做某事”。故填improve。
【4题详解】
句意：太不同了！你穿新裙子看起来很好看。此处是what引导的感叹句，根据句意以及空前的“a”可知，此处应填different的名词形式difference，表示“太不同了”。故填difference。
【5题详解】
句意：我通常每年去牙医那洗两次牙。此处表示频率“一年两次”，因此应用twice“两次”。故填twice。
二、任务型阅读
Experts share some mental exercises to train our brains (大脑) to think in English. They tell us that it’s best to start small, little by little.
__________1__________
Look around you. What do you see In your head, try to name each thing near you. Charles Thomas, an English teacher tells his students to name the things that they see around them, wherever they are. Another teacher Andrew Hinshaw also finds this exercise helpful.
__________2__________
Thomas says, “If you’re looking at your house and you see your garage, but you can’t think of the name in English.” You can describe it like this, “The place inside where I put my car” or you can say, “It’s next to my house. I keep things there.”
__________3__________
For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself by using simple sentences like, “It’s such a beautiful day” and “People are playing sports with their friends.”
__________4__________
Thomas asks his beginning-level students to describe their everyday activities using the simple present verb form. So, they would think to themselves activities like, “I put on my shirt” and “He drives the bus.”
__________5__________
This would need other verb tenses (时态). For example, you might tell yourself, “When I leave the house, I’m going to get an iced coffee. Then, I’ll take the train to class. I’m studying with Jenny today. She said she booked a study room at the library for 2 p.m.”
A. Think in simple sentences.
B. Think you speak to someone else.
C. Describe daily activities in the mind.
D. Describe things you don’t know the words for in your mind.
E. Name things around you in English in your head.
F. Make plans in your mind when you wake up in the morning.
【答案】1. E 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. F
【分析】本文主要分享一些精神练习方法来训练我们的大脑用英语思考。
【1题详解】
句意：在你的脑海里用英语给你周围的事物命名。
根据后文中“In your head, try to name each thing near you.”可知，本段主要说在你的脑海里，试着说出你身边的每一件事。结合选项，故选E。
【2题详解】
句意：描述一些你不知道用什么词表达的事情。
根据后文中“‘If you’re looking at your house and you see your garage, but you can’t think of the name in English.’ You can describe it like this”可知，本段主要说如果你看着自己的房子，看到了自己的车库，却想不出它的英文名字，可以换种方法说。结合选项，故选D。
【3题详解】
句意：以为你在和别人说话。
根据后文内容“For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself by using simple sentences like, ‘It’s such a beautiful day’ and ‘People are playing sports with their friends.’”可知，此段描述如果你坐在公园里，你可以用简单的句子告诉自己，即自己说话，假装在跟他人聊天来进行练习。结合选项，故选B。
【4题详解】
句意：描述大脑中的日常活动。
根据后文“Thomas asks his beginning-level students to describe their everyday activities using the simple present verb form.”可知，本段描述托马斯要求初学者用一般现在时的形式描述他们的日常活动，与日常活动相关。结合选项，故选C。
【5题详解】
句意：早上醒来的时候在脑子里制定计划。
分析本段“When I leave the house, I’m going to get an iced coffee. Then, I’ll take the train to class. I’m studying with Jenny today. She said she booked a study room at the library for 2 p.m.”可知，此处在描述一天的计划，所以此处与制定计划相关。结合选项，故选F。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We are changing the environment all the time. Now that change ___1___ (happen) around the world because of global warming (全球变暖). Good news is that we all know it is important ___2___ (save) nature. Some projects about saving nature are hard to imagine and work, others have a bigger chance to succeed ____3____ (quick). One example is coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Corals are useful to people, but sea pollution is ____4____ (harm) to them. Without stopping sea pollution, reefs would die soon, and ____5____ (million) of people would lose food. It’s reported that corals’ food supply are up to 10,000 billion dollars ___6___ year. However, reefs are ___7___ danger as sea temperatures are rising. Scientists are trying to grow heat resistant (耐热的) corals, ___8___ then move them around the world.
If ocean pollution goes on, even heat-resistant corals ___9___ (die) at the end of this century. Luckily, more and more ___10___ (country) are starting to act together to stop it.
【答案】1. is happening
2. to save
3. quickly
4. harmful
5. millions 6. a 7. in
8. and 9. will die
10. countries
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海洋污染的危害以及人类为了改变现状正在采取的措施。
【1题详解】
句意：现在，由于全球变暖，这种变化正在世界各地发生。根据now可知，本句应使用现在进行时“be+现在分词”，主语change为可数名词单数，所以be动词用is。故填is happening。
【2题详解】
句意：好消息是我们都知道拯救自然很重要。It is+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是怎么样的”，不定式作真正主语。故填to save。
3题详解】
句意：一些关于拯救自然的项目很难想象和实施，另一些项目则有很大机会迅速成功。设空处需填入副词修饰succeed，quick副词为quickly。故填quickly。
【4题详解】
句意：珊瑚对人有用，但海洋污染对它们是有害的。be harmful to“对……有害”，此处需填harm的形容词形式。故填harmful。
【5题详解】
句意：如果不停止海洋污染，珊瑚礁很快会死亡，数百万人将失去食物。设空处前没有明确的数字，此处表示概数，millions of“数百万”。故填millions。
【6题详解】
句意：据报道，珊瑚食物供应每年高达1000亿美元。year名词，此处表泛指，其前需使用不定冠词，因year为辅音音素开头，所以使用a。故填a。
【7题详解】
句意：然而，随着海水温度的上升，珊瑚礁正处于危险之中。in danger“处于危险中”，设空处缺少介词。故填in。
【8题详解】
句意：科学家们正在努力培育耐热珊瑚，然后把它们转移到世界各地。设空处前“grow heat resistant”与后“ move them around the world”表述内容为并列关系，所以使用并列连词and。故填and。
【9题详解】
句意：如果海洋污染继续下去，即使耐热珊瑚也将在本世纪末死亡。根据“at the end of this century”可知，本句使用一般将来时“will+动词原形”。故填will die。
【10题详解】
句意：幸运的是越来越多的国家开始联合起来阻止它。country名词，前有修饰词more and more，所以应使用复数形式变y为i加es。故填countries。
四、阅读理解（本题有15小题, 每小题6分；共计15分）
A
Last year, students from Miller Mount School made a survey about “How do people spend their free time ” Here are the results.
hours for people of different ages
who surf the Internet in a week
different days people go to the library (%)
different programs people like
1. The people at the age of ________ surf the Internet most in a week.
A. 7—1 B. 2—15 C. 31—55 D. over 56
2. How many people go to the library on Sunday
A. About 5%. B. About 40%. C. Over 60%. D. Over 80%.
3. Which of the following is True according to the diagrams
A. People over 60 years old never surf the Internet. B. News is the most people’s favorite program.
C. People hardly ever go to the library on weekdays. D. Half of the people like watching cartoons.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【导语】本文讲的是米勒山学校的学生做了一项关于“人们如何度过他们的空闲时间？”的调查，文章以表格的形式展示了调查结果。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一个图表内容可知，31—55岁的人群网上冲浪时间最长。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。据第二个图表内容可知，在星期天，有大约40%的人去图书馆。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三个图表内容可知，在人们喜欢的节目中，新闻节目占37%，是最受欢迎的节目，所以B项正确。故选B。
B
WeRun (微信运动) is an app in WeChat. It lets users see their daily step counts. One of its most popular things is a leaderboard (排行榜) among friends that lets users see how their results compared with others.
As a growing number of people use WeRun, we wondered what we can learn about a person just from knowing their step counts. Here we take a closer look:
Fewer than 50 steps: Anyone who takes fewer than 50 steps in one day may be ill or sad. Or maybe he or she is just too lazy to get out of the bed!
50—500 steps: It’s easy to have a few hundred steps. Even going shopping on foot will be enough.
500—8, 000 steps: Most students and workers will take between 500 and 8, 000 steps a day. These step counts are often in the middle of the leaderboard. But your parents will always give your step counts a thumbs-up (It’s their job to care about you!).
8, 000—15, 000 steps: Salespeople and members of film workers are likely to take these many steps a day, as they are always on the move.
More than 15, 000 steps: Mostly, these step counts can be on the top of the leaderboard. They’re couriers, porters, cleaners and so on. They’re the people who help us live easy and comfortable lives and keep our environment nice and clean.
To some degree, a person’s WeRun data (数据) shows his or her character and personal life. But even when actions speak louder than words, we still shouldn’t jump to conclusions (结论).
4. According to the passage, what is WeRun
A. It’s a popular game in WeChat.
B. It’s an app to make people walk more.
C. It’s an app in WeChat to count users’ steps.
D. It’s a leaderboard in WeChat to compare users’ step counts.
5. What step counts are often in the middle of the leaderboard
A. 50—500. B. 500—8, 000. C. 8, 000—15, 000. D. Over 15, 000.
6. What does the underlined phrase “give... a thumbs-up” in the fifth paragraph mean
A. 点赞 B. 转发 C. 收藏 D. 评论
7. What CAN’T we learn from the passage
A. More and more people start to use WeRun.
B. WeRun data can be a way to know someone’s character.
C. WeRun data is the best way to show someone’s personal life.
D. WeRun data can be a way to know someone’s personal life.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C
【导语】本文主要介绍通过不同的微信步数了解不同的人。从某种程度上来说，微信运动显示了性格或生活，但不要妄下结论。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据“WeRun (微信运动) is an app in WeChat. It lets users see their daily step counts.”可知，微信运动是微信中的一个应用程序，它让用户看到他们每天的步数。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据“500—8, 000 steps: Most students and workers will take between 500 and 8, 000 steps a day. These step counts are often in the middle of the leaderboard.”可知，500到8000步在排行榜中排名居中。故选B。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“But your parents will always give your step counts a thumbs-up (It’s their job to care about you!).”可知，父母总是会对你的步数竖起大拇指，即为你的步数点赞。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据“To some degree, a person’s WeRun data (数据) shows his or her character and personal life. But even when actions speak louder than words, we still shouldn’t jump to conclusions (结论).”可知，在某种程度上，一个人的微信运动数据体现了他或她的性格和个人生活，但我们也不应贸然下结论。选项C“微信运动数据是展现个人生活的最佳方式”表述错误。故选C。
C
At 12 I went back to college after a long break from schooling. I was taking a college math class, but I found it too hard to learn math now and was struggling (努力) to keep up.
I sat behind a young man. Upon first look, he looked like a thug. I didn’t like how he looked and believed that he would never be able to work out any math problem.
One day in math class, we were learning a new formula (方程式). We needed to make use of the formula to do some calculations (计算). I kept getting a number that was thousands off of the correct answer. I moved backward and forward in my chair and groaned (叹息).
The “thug” that sat in front of me turned around and said, “Let me see what you got.”
It turns out that he was very good at math. He explained the formula to me slowly. About 10 minutes later, I worked it out.
Thinking about how I misunderstood a classmate because of how he looked, I felt guilty. It was really a wrong judgment (评价) to make. Now I know that we should never judge someone because of how they look or dress.
8. What problem did the writer have
A. He couldn’t relax at college. B. He found it difficult to learn math.
C. He looked much older than others. D. He couldn’t get along with his classmates.
9. Why did the writer move around a lot in his chair
A. Because he was trying to look at his classmate’s answer.
B. Because he wanted to get his classmate’s attention.
C. Because he was worried about the problem.
D. Because he wanted to play outside.
10. How did the writer feel after the “thug” helped him
A. sorry. B. happy. C. angry. D. tired.
11. What does the writer want to tell us
A. One is never too old to learn. B. It is good to give others a hand sometimes.
C. Never give up in the face of difficulty. D. Never judge others by their looks.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D
【导语】本文讲述作者眼中的“恶棍”帮助他解决了数学难题，通过这个故事，作者告诉我们不要以貌取人。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据“I was taking a college math class, but I found it too hard to learn math now and was struggling (努力) to keep up.”可知，作者遇到的问题是学习数学很难。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据“We needed to make use of the formula to do some calculations (计算). I kept getting a number that was thousands off of the correct answer. I moved backward and forward in my chair and groaned (叹息).”可知，作者是在为这道数学题发愁。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Thinking about how I misunderstood a classmate because of how he looked, I felt guilty.”可知，作者为自己对他的误解而感到内疚。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Now I know that we should never judge someone because of how they look or dress.”可知，作者告诉我们不要以貌取人。故选D。
D
①People use their mouths for many things. They eat, talk, shout and sing. In the English language, there are many meanings using the word “mouth”. But some of them are not so nice.
②For example, if you say bad things about a person, the person might protest (抗议) and say “Do not bad mouth me”. Another situation is that you thought someone said something bad about you, and you ask him. He might say, “Do not put words in my mouth!” Sometimes, people tell the person something they didn’t mean to tell. The speaker might say, “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.” In other words, he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing.
③Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend is going to say. When this happens, the friend might say. “You take the words right out of my mouth!”
④Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. There is an expression for this, too. You might say such a person “was born with a silver spoon (银匙) in his mouth.” This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives from hand to mouth. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.
12. “Do not put words in my mouth” has the same meaning to “________”.
A. I did not say that B. Please don’t ask me
C. That’s too dirty D. I am full
13. A person born with a silver spoon in his mouth is ________ according to the passage.
A. Friendly B. rich C. strong D. cute
14. What is the passage about
A. English people say bad things very often.
B. People use their mouths to do lots of things.
C. The rich have different mouths from the poor.
D The word “mouth” has different meanings in English.
15. The right structure of the passage should be
A. B. C. D.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语中“嘴”的不同意思。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Another situation is that you thought someone said something bad about you, and you ask him. He might say, ‘Do not put words in my mouth!’”可知，此句在否定自己说了坏话。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. There is an expression for this, too. You might say such a person ‘was born with a silver spoon (银匙) in his mouth.’”可知，含着银匙出生指的是出生于富贵家庭的人。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中“In the English language, there are many meanings using the word ‘mouth’”可知，整篇文章围绕着英语中“嘴”的不同的意思而展开。故选D。
【15题详解】
篇章结构题。第一段总述用“嘴”能做很多事，二三四段分别介绍了“嘴”在不同场合中的不同意思。故选A。
