Unit 3 Food and Culture 单元检测
一、阅读理解
Growing up in Puerto Rico, our family was no different from so many others. My parents got married after my father came back when the war ended. Both of my parents were struggling with the hard economic realities of the time. But somehow, they found time to cherish those cultural values that shaped our everyday life.
In our daily life, we celebrated together with our friends or family members every birthday, every graduation, and all holidays with music and dancing, and typical foods. When we visited our family in the countryside—a trip that took about two hours in a car, with five children fighting as to who would get a window or the front seat —we would break into song, and somehow the trip would turn into one full of happiness and fun. We would sing not only interesting children’s songs but also beautiful love songs — songs about the love of our country though we didn’t understand the meaning of the words many times.
I came to Philadelphia for the first time in 1973 to do a residency(实习) in family medicine. I remember the many hours of work. I was facing issues of life and death and suffering the clearly social unfairness and issues of poverty and race. These were all worsened by my feeling of cultural differences.
An important turning point in my life happened one Saturday night when I attended a concert of Puerto Rico singer and composer Antonio Caban Vale. The music showed my familiar rhythms, and the words spoke to my heart. I had found a space to express, celebrate, and share my culture in Philadelphia. Therefore, I believe diversity is seen as an advantage and not as a disadvantage. As a Puerto Rican, I am a mixture of races and I believe in my strength because of this.
1．What do we know about the author’s family
A．They lived a well-off life.
B．They suffered a lot from war.
C．They were tired of family activities.
D．They took cultural values seriously.
2．Why does the author mention the trip in Paragraph 2
A．To prove her pride in her culture.
B．To show fun brought by her culture.
C．To express her love for the country.
D．To show the fight between her siblings.
3．What added to the author’s depressing life in Philadelphia
A．Dangers as a doctor. B．Prejudice from the rich.
C．Cultural shock. D．Low payment.
4．What did the concert make the author aware of
A．The excitement of the rhythms.
B．The value of the lyrics.
C．The advantage of cultural diversity.
D．The strength of believing in oneself.
Philadelphia in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税) 1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.
Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13-to-4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.
The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go towards funding a universal pre-kindergarten programme for the city.
While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.
“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages — including low and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”
An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a “grocery tax”.
Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step towards fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not ‘just Berkeley’ any more.”
Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.
5．What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia
A．It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.
B．It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.
C．It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.
D．It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.
6．What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal
A．Bargain with the city council. B．Refuse to pay additional tax.
C．Take legal action against it. D．Try to win public support.
7．What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal
A．It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.
B．It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.
C．It kept sending letters of protest to the media.
D．It criticized the measure through advertising.
8．What did public health groups think the soda tax would do
A．Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.
B．Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.
C．Add to the fund for their research on diseases.
D．Benefit low-income people across the country.
Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage, but conflicts, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now the most important weapon in the battle. Here’s how technology is preserving our cultural heritage.
As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品) by 2D images is extremely time-consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms (算法) allow millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours. AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and better than previous methods.
Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years. Many of the most important sites and architecture are easily damaged. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Wastes pile up everywhere, causing serious problems. As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We’ll all finally be able to walk through places, look at (and touch) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.
Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved by technology. Efforts in research, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.
9．What does the underlined word “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Cutting. B．Paying. C．Receiving. D．Demanding.
10．What is the advantage of Al in preserving cultural heritage
A．It generates 2D images. B．It makes preservation safer.
C．It makes restoration easier. D．It creates replicas in seconds.
11．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage
A．By recycling huge amounts of waste.
B．By reducing human impact on the site.
C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts.
D．By educating people about the sites’ importance.
12．What is the author’s attitude towards AI in cultural protection
A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Neutral. D．Disapproving.
We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good or bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are unacceptable. Many people would find it terrible to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as proper food.
Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli (花椰菜) is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.
But dislikes is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands that is used to describe something that is forbidden. We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture.
One example is that Americans do not eat dogs, although people from some other cultures regard them as good food. In the United States, dogs are very important to people as pets. They are usually regarded as part of the family, almost like a child in some cases. In addition, dogs have value as protection against criminals (罪犯). Actually, the dog’s place in society as a companion makes the dog taboo as food.
Scientists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.
13．The writer uses the example of rat as food to show that ________.
A．some cultures may seem rather strange
B．understanding between different cultures is easy
C．people may eat very different things
D．eating properly is very difficult
14．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．People don’t often consider nutrition as important.
B．Some vegetables are more nutritious than others.
C．Broccoli and tomatoes are common vegetables.
D．Americans like broccoli better than tomatoes.
15．Why is eating dogs a taboo in America
A．It is a taboo from the Fiji Islands.
B．It is against American laws.
C．Dogs are needed by the police.
D．Dogs are close to human life.
16．What can be a suitable title for the passage
A．Nutritions and Beliefs.
B．Food and Culture.
C．Taboo about Food.
D．Science in Eating.
The dinner party is disappearing according to an article in The New York Times. “How can this be ” You might wonder. Don’t we meet with friends to taste food in the hottest restaurants Aren’t we invited by friends to enjoy home-cooked meals And we throw parties for friends on special occasions, don’t we
17 It is more formal and usually hosted in one’s home. Invitations are sent out ahead and hosts prepare food with great care. A beautiful tablecloth is spread out on the dinner table, which is then set with expensive cutlery (餐具). Guests dress up for the occasion and are expected to carry on a conversation at the table. 18
Is it because people are too busy to cook for others and then invite them to the table Perhaps, but there are many food lovers nowadays, and TV programs teaching people how to cook are very popular. 19 According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. They don’t know how to share their experiences and feelings with others in a proper way. 20
In her opinion, its influence has been harmful to human communication. “People don’t even respond to dinner invitation anymore,” she said. “Not only do they cancel at the last minute, they do it by text message.”
Things have changed a lot today. Perhaps the dinner party has just become a different kind of thing. However, it needs only be more than some food, a table and a location. 21 Even if we are using ordinary plates and are not wearing party dresses, we can still enjoy food and share our ideas of life, love and culture, can’t we
A．The age of great hosts is dead with the change of people’s lifestyles.
B．In fact the dinner party the writer worries about disappearing is another kind.
C．The real problem is that people don’t know how to make conversation anymore.
D．They know exactly which guests to invite so that they can share their favourite food.
E．The culture of the dinner party is not necessarily based on money and social influence.
F．Yet nowadays, people prefer to eat takeout food on sofa while playing on mobile phones.
G．She also expresses dissatisfaction with electronic equipment.
二、完形填空
In some parts of Central China’s Henan province, daughters will 22 wild goose-shaped cakes for their parents before the leap month (闰月) comes, wishing for auspiciousness. There is a 23 surrounding the tradition.
Long ago, there was a girl living at the southern foot of the Songshan Mountain in Henan, who was very 24 . In a year which had a leap month, the married girl 25 of her parents, who never had enough food to eat and might suffer from hunger due to the 26 month. So, she collected some leftover millet (小米) and headed toward her parents’ home. On the mountainous road, she 27 fell down and when she woke up, the millet was already 28 up by birds. Seeing this and thinking of her parents, she cried loudly and slowly fell asleep again.
Then she heard some weak voice and woke up again, seeing a couple of wild geese were staying in her bag and not willing to leave, so she took them with her. When she arrived at her parents’ home, the village was 29 famine and plague, and her parents were on the verge of 30 . She hurriedly boiled the wild geese and fed them to her parents, and her parents recovered soon. She then gave the leftover food to the neighbors and the 31 miraculously disappeared the next day.
After that, before each leap month, daughters began to visit their 32 and bring gifts. As wild goose is a 33 bird, people use dough to make wild goose-shaped cakes in 34 of the actual bird for their parents, wishing them healthy and hoping to banish any plagues.
In some parts of East China’s Shandong province, the married daughters will send dough-made fish and toad to their parents, which 35 “wealth” and “health” respectively. 36 , it is said that the dough fish is for a mother and the dough toad is for a father.
22．A．bury B．send C．prepare D．decorate
23．A．book B．song C．title D．legend
24．A．beautiful B．filial C．brave D．smart
25．A．thought B．warned C．heard D．reminded
26．A．repetitive B．relevant C．representative D．respective
27．A．eventually B．accidentally C．hurriedly D．mysteriously
28．A．taken B．made C．eaten D．set
29．A．suffering from B．learning from C．taking from D．recovering from
30．A．delight B．death C．penalty D．performance
31．A．neighbors B．plague C．food D．village
32．A．friends B．relatives C．parents D．classmates
33．A．delicate B．abnormal C．outstanding D．rare
34．A．pursuit B．point C．place D．praise
35．A．symbolize B．suspect C．simplify D．state
36．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s almost a common belief that the best food you can find in a place is not in the fancy restaurants, 37 in the backstreets. These spots are usually away from popular tourist attractions, which means that to find them you’ll need the spirit of an explorer.
That’s 38 I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing. I found 39 restaurant that sold dishes from Xi’an when I explored the area around 40 (I) office one day. I decided to try it out.
My roujiamo 41 (make) fresh, so the bread was still warm. It was soft when I bit into it, and the meat inside was delicious and tender. In fact, I enjoyed it so much that I ordered more to take home with me. Though it’s just a snack, it’s still quite filling and can 42 (easy) satisfy your appetite.
There are a 43 (various) of things you can put inside the “mo”, as the bread is called. For example, in certain areas in Xi’an, the meat 44 (use) is usually beef, but in Gansu Province, lamb is more common. And the first roujiamo that I tried was made 45 pork. However it’s made, it’s still a tasty snack. And for an American like me who grew up 46 (eat) hamburgers, it’s a perfect combination of East and West.
四、书信写作
47．假设你是李华，你的美国朋友John对福建茶文化感兴趣，请你为他做简要介绍。
内容:
1. 福建是中国茶文化的发源地之一，有着悠久的历史；
2. 不同种类的茶造就了福建丰富的茶文化；
3. 喝茶已成为福建人增近亲情友情风俗习惯。
注意:
1. 词数100词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾语已给出，不计入总词数.
Dear John，
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours ,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
48．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I shut my lunch bag quickly as I saw what was in it.
The strong familiar smell of garlic(大蒜)and onion brought back some memories of middle school lunch times. That day, when I opened my lunch bag with Chinese fried tofu in it, the boys and girls shouted, held their noses and ran away. I went red in the face. So for the rest of middle school, I insisted having “normal” food for lunch like ham and cheese sandwiches instead.
This morning, before Mom rushed out for work, she simply spared some of her lunch in my lunch bag. It was not Mom’s fault(过错). As a busy single mother, she always gives me her best .Every time I invite my friends home, the Chinese spring rolls and rice puddings Mom makes always amaze them and fill their stomachs.
What would happen today I felt nervous and restless.
I was at a loss when Mary and Tommy, my best friends in high school, came over and shared the same lunch table. My friends happily pushed their lunch bags in front, inviting me to share mine. Hesitantly, I did.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为80左右;
2.续写部分的开头已为你写好。
I had expected them to stand up and hold their noses, but it was not the truth.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C
【分析】作者讲述了作者的成长经历以及在美国的一段实习经历，再到回国后的一些经历，最后发现文化的差异性和多样性对社会而言是一种优势。
1．推理判断题。从第一段的 “Both of my parents were struggling ... cherish those cultural values that shaped our everyday life.”可知，即使在困难时期，作者的父母也非常重视文化价值观。故答案选D项。
2．推理判断题。从第二段的内容可知，作者一家人一路欢歌，尽管他们很多时候还不懂歌词的意思，但他们享受其中的欢乐。再结合全文的内容可知，作者提及这一段旅程的目的是说明文化价值观带来的乐趣。故答案选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段的描述，“I remember the many hours of work. I was facing issues of life and death and suffering the clearly social unfairness and issues of poverty and race. These were all worsened by my feeling of cultural differences.”可知，作者对于在费城的生活是感到糟糕的，而cultural differences （文化差异）带来的culture shock使得情况更加恶化。故答案选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore, I believe diversity is seen as an advantage and not as a disadvantage. As a Puerto Rican, I am a mixture of races and I believe in my strength because of this.”可知，therefore后面的内容是结果，而原因自然是前面提到的作者听音乐会的经历。作者由听音乐会的经历受到启发，认为对社会而言，文化差异是优势而不是劣势。故答案选C项。
【点睛】推理判断主要的解题策略有： （1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。 （2）根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1）表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬的，optimistic乐观的，admiring羡慕的，enthusiastic热情的等；2）表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等；3）表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。 （3）根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。 （4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。 2.B【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。答案需要从文章的第二段全段进行理解来推断。【答案定位】根据第二段的内容可知，尤其是中间这句话…somehow the trip would turn into one full of happiness and fun..作者一家人一路欢歌，尽管他们很多时候还不懂歌词的意思，但他们享受其中的欢乐。再结合全文的内容和作者要表达的主题可知，作者提及这一段旅程的目的是说明文化价值观带来的乐趣。故答案选B项。
5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了美国费城通过了一项重要的汽水税提案，将对分销商征收每盎司1.5美分的汽水税，支持者认为这有益于人们的长期健康，反对者则认为这违反法律。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Jim Krieger的话“The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places（从一个向贫困社区推销导致糖尿病、肥胖和心脏病的产品的行业中夺回一小部分利润，然后再投资于这些社区，这一举措肯定会对许多其他地方产生启发）”可知，费城新批准的汽水税会启发美国其他城市，可能会鼓励美国其他城市效仿。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段中Lauren Kane的话“So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.（因此，我们将与大多数费城人站在一起，他们反对这项税收，并采取法律行动来阻止它。）”可知，反对者将采取法律行动来回应汽水税的提案。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第六段“An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a “grocery tax”.（一个业界支持的反税收运动已经在广告上花费了至少400万美元。这些广告批评了这项措施，将其描述为“杂货税”。）”可知，业界支持的反税收运动通过广告批评了汽水税的提案。故选D项。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step towards fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans.（公共卫生组织对批准的税收表示赞赏，认为这是朝着解决困扰美国人的某些长期健康问题迈出的一步。）”可知，公共卫生组织认为汽水税可以帮助人们解决某些长期健康问题。故选B项。
9．B 10．C 11．B 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍现代技术（AI和VR）怎样应用在文化遗产的保护上。
9．词以猜测题。根据划线单词前半句话“But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage(但今天，文化受到前所未有的攻击。时间的破坏不仅威胁着我们的文化遗产)”可知，文化遗产遭到时间的破坏后，冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在付出沉重的代价。可以猜测exacting为“付出”。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and better than previous methods. (人工智能还将使现有文化遗产的修复和保护比以前的方法更容易、更好)”可知，人工智能使现有文化遗产的恢复变得更容易。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句话“ As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We’ll all finally be able to walk through places, look at (and touch) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.(随着越来越多的文化遗产地和文物被数字化绘制和记录，虚拟现实技术将越来越多地成为人们体验它们的方式。我们终于可以在没有亲眼看到的情况下穿过各个地方，观看（和触摸）文物和艺术品了)”可推知，VR技术可以模拟出这些文化遗产让我们感受而不用去现场，从而减少人类对文化遗址的影响以及破坏。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved by technology. Efforts in research, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.(最后，我们的文化遗产将通过技术得到保护。研究、数据共享和项目工作将有助于促进和保护世界各国的文化遗产)”可推知，作者对科技在保护文化遗产方面的应用持支持态度。故选A。
13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B
【分析】试题分析: 本文讲述不同的文化中有不同的饮食习惯，有些饮食看似怪异但与他们的文化是分不开的。
13．C 细节理解题。根据第一段提到Many people would find it terrible to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as proper food.可知，许多人发现吃老鼠是非常恶心的，但有四十二种不同的文化中把老鼠当作美味，可见人们会吃不同的食物，故选C项。
14．A 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句话提到Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition（对食物的喜好并不总是与营养有关），以下都是围绕着这句话展开，故选A项。
15．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到Actually, the dog’s place in society as a companion makes the dog taboo as food.可知，狗与人的亲近关系让狗成为食物禁忌，故选D项。
16．B 主旨大意题。本文讲述不同的文化中有不同的饮食习惯，有些饮食看似怪异但与他们的文化是分不开的，故选B项。
考点：考查文化类阅读。
17．B 18．F 19．C 20．G 21．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据《纽约时报》的一篇文章，晚宴正在消失。文章讲述了晚宴消失的一些原因。
17．第一段中““How can this be ” You might wonder. Don’t we meet with friends to taste food in the hottest restaurants Aren’t we invited by friends to enjoy home-cooked meals And we throw parties for friends on special occasions, don’t we ”（“怎么会这样 ”你可能会好奇。我们不是应该和朋友一起去最热门的餐厅品尝美食吗？我们不是被朋友邀请来吃家常菜的吗？我们会在特殊场合为朋友举办派对，不是吗？）以问题形式呈现了现实中呈现的聚会形式。空后“It is more formal and usually hosted in one’s home. Invitations are sent out ahead and hosts prepare food with great care. A beautiful tablecloth is spread out on the dinner table, which is then set with expensive cutlery (餐具). Guests dress up for the occasion and are expected to carry on a conversation at the table.”（它更加正式，通常在家里举办。邀请函会提前发出，主人会小心翼翼地准备食物。一块漂亮的桌布铺在餐桌上，餐桌上摆放着昂贵的餐具。客人们盛装出席，并被要求在餐桌上进行交谈。）叙述了传统意义上的晚宴的形式，因此作为承上启下的句子，空处应该讲述《纽约时报》的文章讲述晚宴应是指传统意义上的晚宴。因此应该讲述事实上作者的担心并非是现实意义上的聚会，而是传统意义上的晚宴。选项B“事实上，作者担心消失的晚宴是另一种类型。”，符合题意，故选B。
18．根据空前描述传统意义上的晚宴形式，空处应承接前文，讲述现实的形式与传统形式不同的地方。选项F“然而现在，人们更喜欢在沙发上吃外卖，同时玩手机。”切题，故选F。
19．根据空前“Is it because people are too busy to cook for others and then invite them to the table Perhaps, but there are many food lovers nowadays, and TV programs teaching people how to cook are very popular.”（是因为人们太忙了，没有时间为别人做饭，然后邀请他们来吃饭吗？也许吧，但是现在有很多美食爱好者，教人们如何烹饪的电视节目很受欢迎。）说明为了现实中人们不邀请别人来家吃饭的原因可能是由于太忙没有时间。空后“According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. ”（美国作家朱迪思 马丁（Judith Martin）表示，人们从小就被教育要表达自己，而不是交流思想。）表述了人们从小到大所受的教育中缺失要交流思想的教育。所以空处应讲述人们不愿意邀请别人到家老吃饭的真正原因。选项C“真正的问题是人们不再知道如何交谈。”与下文论述人们从小到大接受教育时缺失交流思想的教育，形成了呼应，切题，故选C。
20．根据上文“According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. They don’t know how to share their experiences and feelings with others in a proper way.”（美国作家朱迪思 马丁（Judith Martin）表示，人们从小就被教育要表达自己，而不是交流思想。他们不知道如何以适当的方式与他人分享自己的经历和感受。）可知，空处应承接上文，讲述作家朱迪思 马丁的观点。选项G“她还对电子设备表示不满。”表述了作家朱迪思 马丁的另一个观点，切题。故选G。
21．根据上文“Things have changed a lot today. Perhaps the dinner party has just become a different kind of thing. However, it needs only be more than some food, a table and a location.”（今天事情变了很多。也许晚宴已经变成另一种事情了。然而，它只需要一些食物，一张桌子和一个位置。）说明虽然时代让晚宴变成了另一种表达，但晚宴的真正形式并没有改变。所以空处应承接前文，讲述晚宴应该建立在基本的形式上。选项E“宴会文化并不一定建立在金钱和社会影响力的基础上。”与下文“Even if we are using ordinary plates and are not wearing party dresses, we can still enjoy food and share our ideas of life, love and culture, can’t we ”（即使我们使用普通的盘子，不穿晚礼服，我们仍然可以享受食物，分享我们的生活，爱和文化的想法，不是吗？）肯定了普通形式的晚宴聚会一样可以实现其非常的意义，切题，故选E。
22．C 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．D
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了闰月前，河南省的一些地区，出嫁的女儿们给父母送大雁蛋糕的由来。而在山东的一些地区，出嫁的女儿们会送父母面鱼和面蟾蜍，给父母带来“财富”和“健康”。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国中部河南省的一些地区，女儿们会在闰月到来之前为父母准备大雁形状的蛋糕，祈求吉祥。A. bury埋；B. send寄；C. prepare准备；D. decorate装饰。根据“for their parents before the leap month comes”可知，女儿们会在闰月前为父母准备大雁形状的蛋糕。故选C项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于这个传统有一个传说。A. book书；B. song歌曲；C. title标题；D. legend传说。根据下文“Long ago”可知，对于第一段描述的习俗有一个传说。故选D项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很久以前，在河南嵩山南麓住着一个非常孝顺的女孩。A. beautiful美丽的；B. filial孝顺的；C. brave勇敢的；D. smart聪明的。根据下文“So, she collected some leftover millet and headed toward her parents’ home.”可知，女孩非常孝顺，想到父母的处境，给父母送小米。故选B项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在闰月的一年里，出嫁的女孩想到了她的父母，他们一直没有足够的食物吃，可能会因为重复的月份而挨饿。A. thought想起；B. warned警告；C. heard听到；D. reminded提醒。根据“who never had enough food to eat and might suffer from hunger”可知，女孩想到了自己的父母。故选A项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. repetitive重复的；B. relevant相关的；C. representative有代表性的；D. respective各自的。根据“In a year which had a leap month”可知，在闰月里，也就是在重复的月份里。故选A项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在山路上，她不小心跌倒了，当她醒来时，小米已经被鸟吃了。A. eventually最终；B. accidentally意外地、不小心地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. mysteriously神秘地。根据“when she woke up”可知，走山路时，女孩不小心跌倒了，昏了过去。故选B项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. taken带；B. made制作；C. eaten吃；D. set设置。根据“by birds”可知，当她醒来时，小米被鸟儿吃掉了。故选C项。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她回到父母家时，村子正遭受饥荒和瘟疫的折磨，她的父母也濒临死亡的边缘。A. suffering from遭受；B. learning from从……中学习；C. taking from从……中获取；D. recovering from从……中恢复。根据“the village was ___8___ famine and plague”可知，村子正遭受饥荒和瘟疫。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. delight快乐；B. death死亡；C. penalty处罚、刑罚；D. performance表现。根据“on the verge”可知，女孩的父母在死亡的边缘。故选B项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她把剩下的食物分给邻居，第二天瘟疫奇迹般地消失了。A. neighbors邻居；B. plague瘟疫；C. food食物；D. village村庄。根据前文“famine and plague”及“miraculously disappeared”可知，第二天瘟疫奇迹地消失了。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，在每个闰月之前，女儿们开始拜访父母并带着礼物。A. friends朋友；B. relatives亲戚；C. parents父母；D. classmates同班同学。根据上文“So, she collected some leftover millet and headed toward her parents’ home.”可知，由于这个女孩拜访父母，救了村子的人，村里的其余女儿们都过来看望父母。故选C项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于大雁是一种稀有的鸟类，人们用生面团代替大雁为父母制作大雁形状的蛋糕，希望他们身体健康，驱除瘟疫。A. delicate柔和的、脆弱的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. outstanding杰出的；D. rare罕见的。根据“people use dough to make wild goose-shaped cakes”可知，由于真的大雁是稀有的，女孩们不得不用面团做大雁形状的蛋糕。故选D项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pursuit追求；B. point意义；C. place地方；D. praise表扬。根据“the actual bird”可知，女孩们用大雁蛋糕代替真正的大雁。in place of“代替”。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国东部山东省的一些地区，出嫁的女儿会给父母送面鱼和面蟾蜍，这分别象征着“财富”和“健康”。A. symbolize象征；B. suspect怀疑；C. simplify简化；D. state陈述。根据“the married daughters will send dough-made fish and toad to their parents”及““wealth” and “health””可知，面鱼和面蟾蜍分别象征着“财富”和“健康”。故选A项。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，据说面鱼是给妈妈的，面蛤蟆是给爸爸的。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Besides此外。根据“it is said that the dough fish is for a mother and the dough toad is for a father.”可知，这是补充说明，空处缺少“此外”。故选D项。
37．but 38．how 39．a 40．my 41．was made 42．easily 43．variety 44．used 45．of 46．eating
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了在北京旅游的时候，发现了肉夹馍这一美味食品。
37．考查连词。句意：人们普遍认为，你能在一个地方找到的最好的食物不是在高级餐厅，而是在偏僻的小街巷里。根据句意，“in the fancy restaurants”和“in the backstreets”之间是转折关系，用复合连词not…but…连接，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
38．考查名词性从句。句意：这就是我如何在北京旅游时遇到肉夹馍的。分析可知，此处引导表语从句，从句中缺少状语，连接副词how引导从句，作方式状语。故填how。
39．考查冠词。句意：有一天，我在办公室附近逛了逛，发现了一家卖西安菜的餐馆。可数名词restaurant在句中表示“一家餐馆”，泛指，其发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a限定。故填a。
40．考查代词。句意：有一天，我在办公室附近逛了逛，发现了一家卖西安菜的餐馆。提示词修饰名词office，用形容词性物主代词my作定语。故填my。
41．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我的肉夹馍是新做的，所以馍还是热的。动词make与主语之间是被动关系，根据后文was可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是单数名词，谓语也用单数形式。故填was made。
42．考查副词。句意：虽然它只是一个小吃，它仍然相当充盈，可以很容易满足你的胃口。修饰动词satisfy，应使用副词easily作状语，意为“容易地”。故填easily。
43．考查固定短语和名词。句意：你可以把各种各样的东西放在“馍”里，就像面包一样。a variety of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在西安的某些地区，使用的肉类通常是牛肉，但在甘肃省，羊肉更常见。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词use与逻辑主语meat之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
45．考查介词。句意：我吃的第一个肉夹馍是猪肉做的。be made of...是固定搭配，意为“由……制作”。故填of。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于像我这样吃着汉堡包长大的美国人来说，这是东西方的完美结合。分析可知，“(eat) hamburgers”作定语从句中伴随状语，eat是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语who(即先行词American)之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词表主动，作伴随状语。故填 eating。
47．Dear John，
I am pleased to know from your letter that you are interested in Fujian tea culture, and would like to introduce it to you.
People hold a common belief that Fujian is one of the places where Chinese tea culture originated. People living here have a long history of growing, making and drinking tea. Various teas contribute to colorful tea cultures in Fujian. As part of Fujian people's life, drinking tea has been a custom to host guests , express gratitude, and strengthen the bond with family members and friends.
I am expecting you will soon experience the amazing tea culture in Fujian.
Yours
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封书信：假设你是李华，你的美国朋友John对福建茶文化感兴趣，请你为他做简要介绍。内容:1. 福建是中国茶文化的发源地之一，有着悠久的历史；2. 不同种类的茶造就了福建丰富的茶文化；3. 喝茶已成为福建人增近亲情友情风俗习惯。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如；tea culture（茶文化），introduce（介绍），belief（观念），originate（起源），colorful（多彩的），custom（风俗），gratitude（感激），strengthen（加强），bond（纽带）及amazing（不可思议的）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be interested in（对……感兴趣），contribute to（贡献），would like to (愿意)，as part of（作为……的一部分），host guests（招待客人）以及express gratitude（表达感谢），而且还使用了宾语从句“I am pleased to know from your letter that you are interested in Fujian tea culture, and would like to introduce it to you.”及“I am expecting you will soon experience the amazing tea culture in Fujian.”，定语从句“People hold a common belief that Fujian is one of the places where Chinese tea culture originated.”，非谓语动词“People living here have a long history of growing, making and drinking tea.”及“As part of Fujian people's life, drinking tea has been a custom to host guests , express gratitude, and strengthen the bond with family members and friends.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
48．Mary said,“I don't mind the smell of garlic and onion.Onions are my favorite food. My mom says Onions are good for our health with a lot of benefits. For example, Onions are rich in vitamins, which can help get rid of the body of garbage and prevent colds , promote metabolism , and prevent colds. Tommy also added a bite of onion, and said the spicy flavor was refreshing. Hearing this, I was relieved. Laughing and joking,we enjoyed lunch happily together.I was grateful for having such considerate friends.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因为午餐袋里熟悉的大蒜和洋葱的强烈气味勾起了她对中学午餐的一些回忆。当时，作者带了装有中国油炸豆腐的午餐袋时，男孩和女孩们喊了起来，捂着鼻子跑开了。作者很脸红。所以在中学剩下的时间里，作者坚持午餐吃“正常”的食物，比如火腿和奶酪三明治。作者正在为午餐感到紧张不安时。作者高中最好的朋友玛丽和汤米过来共进午餐，他们并没有站起来捂着鼻子的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：由续写段首句内容“我原以为他们会站起来捂着鼻子，但事实并非如此。”可知，本段可描写作者的朋友们帮助她摆脱困境的经过。
2.续写线索：
窘迫——解围——轻松——共进午餐——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①摆脱：get rid of/cast off/run away from
②.阻止：prevent /stop/hold back
③.如释重负：relive/give a relief/breathe again/breathe freely
情绪类
①.感谢：be grateful for /showing my appreciation/show my gratitude
②.令人耳目一新的： refreshing/novel/energizing/fresh，
【点睛】[高分句型1]. My mom says Onions are good for our health with a lot of benefits. （省略连接词that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2].For example, Onions are rich in vitamins, which can help get rid of the body of garbage and prevent colds , promote metabolism , and prevent colds. （由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
