2024中考英语真题大分类 第一部分 语法专题突破短文填空综合篇 题型二 适当形式＋盲填 (含解析)

2024中考英语真题大分类 第一部分
语法专题突破短文填空综合篇 题型二 适当形式＋盲填
人与自我——生活与学习
子主题1　　家庭生活
Passage 1(2023黔东南州)
Dear David，
How is everything going We are facing 1.________ long summer vacation. I'm writing to tell you about our 2.________ (discuss) in our class for the coming vacation.
All the students have their own plans about how 3.________ (spend) a meaningful summer vacation. Half of the students plan to travel at home and abroad. They want to relax 4.________ completely and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Thirty percent of the students plan to read more books. They believe that 5.________ (read) can increase knowledge. It can also make people much 6.________ (smart) and more independent, and develop more interests. 20% of them plan to take up some social practice activities. They want to get self improvement and make new friends to have a 7.________ (color) life.
I'm going to take part 8.________ social practice activities, too. I want to learn something new and get good experience from these activities.
9．________ the junior high school life will end soon, it will stay in our hearts forever.
Best 10.________ (wish) to you!
Yours，
Li Hua
子主题2　　乐学善学，勤学善思
角度1　乐学善学，勤于反思，学会学习
Passage 2(2023黄冈)
In a small village, a boy named Mark lived with his father, a wise old man. One day, Mark told his father 1.________(sad) that he made little progress in learning the guitar. No matter how hard he tried, he couldn't improve. Mark asked his father 2.________ some help.
“Follow me, and I 3.________ (lead) you to the high hills around the village tomorrow.” said his father.The next day, they set out. The road was long and difficult, 4.________ Mark still followed his father. As they got higher, the father said that he wanted to go to the top of the highest hill where he had never been to. Mark was surprised but decided 5.________ (help) his father.
With great difficulty, Mark helped his father climb the hill. Sometimes he even carried his father on his back. At the top, he put his father on the ground and laughed with joy.
“When you were 6.________ little boy, sometimes you returned home with tears in your eyes，” said his father.“The elder children laughed at you. Do you remember why？”
Mark nodded. He remembered that as a child, he and all his 7.________ (friend) called this hill Mount Impossible, because small children couldn't reach its top.
“And today，” said his father, “you not only climbed here, but also helped 8.________ (I) to get here.”
“I became bigger and 9.________ (strong) than before.” said Mark.
“Instead of 10.________ (climb) Mount Impossible every day, you played on the smaller hills and became better at climbing，” said his father. “It became possible for you to climb Mount Impossible while you weren't even thinking about it.”
角度2　积极的学习体验、恰当的学习方法与策略、勤学善思
Passage 3(2023金华)
Some people say it is not easy for a middle aged person to learn a foreign language. But is it 1.________(real) true
Several years ago, I worked for 2.________ English newspaper which was doing such a research. They asked me to learn a new language for one month. Then I had to go to the country and do some “tests” 3.________ (see) if I could “survive(挺过来)” in different situations.
I chose Spanish(西班牙语) and did a one month course at a language school and 4.________ (find) that some Spanish words are very similar to English ones. 5.________ example, hola isn't very different from “hello”. Of course, there are other things which are more difficult. In Spanish you have to change the verbs(动词) for each person. But my 6.________(big) problem of all was the pronunciation. I found 7.________ was very difficult to pronounce some letters in Spanish, especially r and j. So I had to download 8.________(sentence) onto my phone and I listened and practised them again and again.
A month later I went to Spain. A Spanish teacher 9.________ (call) Paula came and began the test. “Will I survive？” I wasn't sure enough but 10.________ I wished I would!
人与自我——做人与做事
子主题3　　分析问题和解决问题
Passage 4(2023衡阳)
A new report predicts that by 2050, half of the world's population(around 4.8 billion people) will be shortsighted.The medical name for this is myopia(近视). It is also 1.________(call) nearsightedness.
2．________ we have myopia, we can't see the things far away from us. It is true that more and more people have myopia. It's a bad situation.According to the data released(发布) by the National Health Commission, China is a big country of myopia, and almost 90 percent 3.________ young Chinese people are near sighted.Children aged between six and ten 4.________ have myopia are more likely to suffer from severe myopia in the future. Some experts make a prediction 5.________ (recent). In the opinion, there will be seven times more people with myopia in 2050 than there were in the year 2000.
The researchers say that the number of people with myopia will increase because of different reasons.Looking at computer screens and mobile phones may be the major reason. The increase may have something to do with lifestyle 6.________(change). Now, people spend 7.________(little) time outdoors than before. A science journalist says that 8.________(spend) more time outdoors in early childhood can reduce the chances of getting myopia. A researcher once said, “You can spend time on computers and screens, 9.________ remember to spend two hours outdoors every day. That is 10.________ for your eyesight.”
子主题4　　劳动与职业
Passage 5(2023包头)
How does it feel when you try something new I've always wanted to go to Antarctica(南极洲) because my Dad once worked there as 1.________ scientist before I was born. He said it was the 2.________(quiet) and most beautiful place he had ever been to.
So when I got a job at one of the research stations, I was really excited. All my friends 3.________(think) I was mad and tried to persuade(说服) me not to go. They couldn't understand 4.________ I wanted to live somewhere that was so cold and far 5.________ home. But I 6.________ (simple) said, “I love it.”
There I met Antarctic penguins and these birds never learned 7.________(fear) us. They are calm, curious and so 8.________(fun) to watch. In summer, we spend our weekends 9.________ (fish) and climbing mountains. In winter, it can get boring because it's dark 24 hours a day. But it's more interesting than I expected because we watch lots of 10.________(movie) and play games together. On 21 June, we celebrate mid winter with a big party.
I am lucky, for I see the world with my own eyes.
人与社会——社会服务
子主题5　　社会服务
Passage 6(2023常州)
Museums play a big role in our society. They are also 1.________ important classroom for primary and secondary school students. During holidays, groups of young museum guides 2.________(see) everywhere in Changzhou Museum. Since 2011, Changzhou Museum 3.________(carry) out more than 100 public training activities for volunteer guides.
In July, 2022, I was chosen 4.________(be) a volunteer guide in Changzhou Museum. 5.________ it was my first time to serve there, I didn't know what to do. Luckily, the teachers there gave many interesting training classes, including “Public Places and Manners”， “Red History and Red Culture” and so on. I was deeply touched by the stories of 6.________(pioneer) like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei. I was impressed that they had risked 7.________(lose) their lives to create a new China.
In the following month, I guided hundreds of tourists and did my job 8.________(success). This experience had a great influence 9.________ me. I know more about my hometown and the meaning of life. I feel 10.________(pride) of being a volunteer guide to help more people learn about Changzhou.
人与社会——人际交往
子主题6　　人际交往中的优秀品质
Passage 7(2023河北)
Mrs.Zhang is my neighbor. Her house is next to 1.________ (my). She is a warm and 2.________ (friend) person. She is popular among us. She always 3.________ (like) to help others. And she often asks people 4.________ she can do for them. She often says hello 5.________ me from her front garden when I come back home. She plants different 6.________ (kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden. It was Mrs.Zhang's birthday last Saturday. She held a party and 7.________ (invite) all the neighbors. She made 8.________ very big cake with fresh flowers on it. It was my 9.________ (one) time to see such a cake. I thought it was the 10.________ (nice) cake I had ever eaten. We sang, danced and talked and it was really a great time.
Passage 8(2023绵阳)
Mr.Gordon was a kind old man and the 1.________ (child) liked him. They enjoyed his lessons and he enjoyed 2.________ (teach) them.
One day, he visited Mr.Wood's farm and talked to the Woods.“I 3.________ (be) a teacher for forty years, but I have never met a boy like Tony. He is very special. He needs 4.________ (work) with other musical boys and girls. I know his parents are poor, but I can give him 5.________ first piano lesson. And maybe Tony can go 6.________ the College of Music in the daytime and work in a restaurant in the evenings.”
“No, he needn't.” said Mr.Wood.“Tony is a good boy.He is like a son to 7.________ (we). His parents are poor, but we are not. We will pay for his education.”
“That's right！” said his wife. She was 8.________ (usual) a quiet woman, but she was 9.________ (excite) with bright eyes.
Tony 10.________ (know) nothing about their conversation. He was cleaning Mr.Wood's new car when Mr.Gordon visited the farm. But that visit changed his life.
Passage 9(2023日照)
In America hitching a ride(搭便车) is very common. Many people there love hitching a ride during 1.________(they) trips. I also once hitched a ride when I was travelling in America.
I 2.________ (drive) on the road when my car stopped. I was going to a town that was 3.________ (far) than I had expected. My tank(油箱) became empty 4.________ I got to the town. Standing there, I didn't know what to do. I just knew I needed help. But I could see nobody around. Who could I turn to Then I thought 5.________ the scenes that I had seen in Hollywood 6.________ (movie). I remembered that people in America loved hitching a ride. I told myself that I could do that too.
So when a car was coming, I tried to hitch a ride. To my joy, the car 7.________(real) stopped in front of me. The driver was 8.________ old man. After knowing my problem, he said he could help me out. He took me to the nearest gas station. But then he left as he had something important 9.________(do)．
I couldn't walk all the way back to my car. Therefore, I tried to hitch a ride and I was 10.________(help) out once again. I was greatly moved.
人与社会——文学、艺术与体育
子主题7　　文学与艺术
Passage 10(2023枣庄)
Do you know Stonehenge？It's one of Britain's most famous historical 1.________ (place). Every year more than 750，000 people 2.________ (visit) it. People like to go to this place as they want to see the sun 3.________ (rise) on the longest day of the year, especially 4.________ June.
Different people have different ideas about Stonehenge. Some historians believed Stonehenge was a temple, 5.________ historian Paul Stoker thinks this can't be true because Stonehenge was built many centuries ago.Other people believe the stones were used to keep people 6.________ (health). No one is sure 7.________ Stonehenge was used for, but most agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. People might build it 8.________ (respect) ancestors.
Stonehenge was built 9.________ (slow) over a long period of time. Most historians believe it must be almost 5，000 years old. The stones are so big and heavy 10.________ no one knows how it was built, but we do know the builders must have been hard working and great planners.
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
子主题8　　榜样的力量
Passage 11(2023天门)
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Gao Chai in the Qi Kingdom. Gao Chai was clever and kind hearted.Many stories about his childhood 1.________ (tell) in his hometown.
For example, one day, little Gao Chai and his friends 2.________ (play) near a river when one of them fell into the water.The other 3.________(kid) were shocked and very frightened(受惊吓的)．They did not know what 4.________(do) and there were no adults to help. Gao Chai 5.________(quick) found a solution.He picked up a large gourd(葫芦)and threw 6.________ to his friend in the river.His friend 7.________ (understand) at once and caught the gourd, which enabled him to float on the water and swim to the river bank.
Gao Chai's mother was often ill.When his father was out, the little boy would help a lot in the house, cooking meals for his mother and preparing medicine for 8.________ (she)．
After some time, Gao Chai went to the Lu Kingdom and became a student of Confucius(孔子)．He was neither good looking 9.________ tall, and he did not talk much.Even Confucius did not have a high opinion of him at first.Fortunately, Gao Chai had one good friend among his classmates whose name was Zilu.Zilu later served 10.________ an official(官员) in the Lu Kingdom.He was asked to recommend(推荐) someone to be a good government official.The person he recommended was Gao Chai.
子主题9　　社会热点
Passage 12(2023恩施州)
When you are watching TV, you will notice that many famous stars make the ads on TV. Many people believe them because they are famous.1.________， have you ever thought whether the ads are real or not
In the past few years, lots of stars 2.________(be) on TV as spokesmen(代言人) of some products. People spent much money on these products, but 3.________(final), many of them were not like what the stars said. Many people aren't 4.________(satisfy) with the famous actors for making the ads after accidents.
What are the public's 5.________ (idea) about the famous people making ads on TV？Do you agree that the famous people should take responsibility if the products have 6.________ (some) problem A research shows that about 36% think it wasn't the 7.________(star) fault(过错), but they all think stars should give out the money they got from the ads to the charity(慈善机构). More than 34% think stars must take responsibility, or they will 8.________(punish)．
So we should be more 9.________(care) when buying things advertised(做广告) by stars.We must find what these things are really like instead 10.________ listening to what the stars say. Think it over before we make a decision.
子主题10　　文化
角度1　中外名胜古迹的相关知识和游览体验
Passage 13(2023福建)
In the closing years of the Sui Dynasty, a terrible flood(洪水) happened on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou. 1. ________ flood brought down a large stone bridge.
People had rebuilt the bridge many 2. ________(time). But it was still washed away over and over again. “What's wrong 3. ________ it？” Li Chun, the most famous local engineer at that time, asked himself. He 4. ________ (work) day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out that the stone supports(支柱) couldn't stand the force of the flood.
One day, an idea came into his mind！He thought of 5. ________ (build) bow shaped arches(拱) instead of stone supports. And there would be only one big arch, supported at each end by two small ones. When floods came, the waters would run through the 6. ________ /f ：(r)/ small arches, bringing little influence on the bridge. He was 7. ________ (great) excited by the idea, and danced happily right at his desk.
A new Zhaozhou Bridge was built. It was safe 8. ________ beautiful. The local people of Zhaozhou were very 9. ________ /gl d/ that the problem of the stone bridge was finally worked out. Now, this great stone bridge with a history of over 1，300 years has 10. ________ /bI'k m/ a classical example of China's arched bridges. It shows the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese people.
Passage 14(2023湘潭)
Shaoshan is a famous city, the hometown of Chairman(主席)Mao Zedong. He once lived, studied, and 1.________ (work) here. Shaoshan is a comfortable place with flowers blooming(开花) and birds singing all year round. Shaoshan is a place 2.________ is almost in the middle of Hunan, about 40 kilometers from Xiangtan City and 100 kilometers from Changsha City.
As the high speed trains are available, more and more people come here 3.________ train. For example, it only 4.________ (take) less than half an hour from Changsha City to Shaoshan. Others still want 5.________(drive) here with families or friends. If people come here on December 26th, it will be the 6.________ (good) time. On that day there are a lot of celebrations, because it's Chairman Mao's birthday.
7．________ (Visitor) from all over the country come here to show their respect. They also look forward to 8.________(watch) The Most Memorable Shaoshan(《最忆韶山冲》), which can help them better understand Chairman Mao. They will be deeply moved and encouraged. Besides, it is not only 9.________ good place for students to have school trips, but also an education base for 10.________(they) to learn about the history of the Communist Party of China(中国共产党).
角度2　世界主要国家的传统节日，文化体验
Passage 15(2023台州)
As a foreigner, the first time I ate hot pot was in Chongqing, China. The hot pot restaurant was one of the largest and 1.________(busy) places in the city. In the restaurant, hundreds 2.________ people were crowded into one large room. My friend and I sat at a table with 3.________ large pot in the middle. It was an amazing experience. I 4.________(real) couldn't forget it.
Today, the hot pot is one of the most popular forms of cooking in China, and nearly every town and city has some hot pot 5.________ (restaurant). Some people might ask how hot pot becomes so popular. With a hot pot, you can 6.________(put) in any food that you like. The same pot can serve any number of different meals to the people sitting around the table. Everyone can eat as much 7.________ they want and no one is left out. This 8.________ (be) one of the values of Chinese culture. Finally, not only does hot pot taste wonderful, but it is the perfect way 9.________(spend) time with others.
In China, people often joke that there's no problem that a hot pot can't solve. Over a hot pot, people can talk about not just food, but friendship. The food may soon be forgotten 10.________ the friendship will stay with us forever.Even today, I remember all the good times I spent with my friends in Chongqing.
角度3　身份认同和文化自信
Passage 16(2023广元)
China is a large country. It has special cultures with a very long history.
Chinese food plays 1.________ important role for Chinese families. Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods 2.________ (be) rice. Tea is a favorite drink. Chinese calendar is different from the one in 3.________(west) countries. New Year's Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. And it also has some special 4.________ (tradition) cultures. For example, sweeping the floor 5.________ New Year's Day sweeps away all the old year's bad 6.________ (lucky). The Chinese zodiac, known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelve year cycle. Each year is 7.________ (name) after an animal. For example, the year that begins in 2023 is the year of the tiger. Chinese is a little difficult language. Chinese writing 8.________ (develop) for over 4，000 years. It has thousands of characters. A character stands for a word and also a 9.________ (mean). Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak some other 10.________ (form) of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects(方言)．
子主题11　　科学与技术
角度1　科学技术改变生活
Passage 17(2023杭州)
Old new medicines
What should you do if you have a headache In modern times, people often take aspirin (阿司匹林). But is aspirin 1.________(actual) a modern medicine
More than 4，000 years ago, ancient Egyptians used dried leaves to treat pain.And in the fourth century B．C., a medicine made from tree bark(树皮) 2.________ (use) to treat fevers.In the nineteenth century, European scientists discovered that both medicines have the same chemical(化学物质). They used the chemical to make a modern medicine—aspirin. Today, it's one of the world's 3.________ (cheap) and most helpful medicines.
Some of the medicines we have today come 4.________traditional Chinese medicine.In the third century B．C., some people 5.________ (begin) studying the human body.They tried many different ways to treat the patients and recorded 6.________ (they) results. For more than 2，000 years, doctors recorded 7.________ they found in books. These ancient books are still useful today. Tu Youyou, a Chinese medical researcher, found that in 8.________ past, people used a herb with yellow flowers to treat fevers. After studying it, she developed a medicine that saved millions of people from dying.
For 9.________ (century), Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine. But today, scientists are studying traditional treatments 10.________ (develop)new medicines.
角度2　科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新
Passage 18(2023长沙)
The Netherlands needs thousands of new houses because the country 1. ________ (have) a growing population. Anyway, it may not have to build all those houses. Some of 2. ________ (they) can be printed.
3. ________(recent), the government has been working together with a university and some building companies(公司) to build houses that are fully 3D printed. As volunteers, an old couple has become the first people in Europe to move into such 4. ________ house.
With two 5. ________(bedroom) and a big living room, the house was built layer(层) by layer, using a huge 3D printer and special cement(水泥). After being printed out, the house 6. ________(carry) by a truck to the building site, and a roof(屋顶) and windows were later added. It took around 120 hours 7. ________(finish) this 3D printed house. Usually, it takes about one or two years to build a house in the 8. ________(tradition) way.
The couple will live 9. ________ this house for six months, with a monthly pay of 800 euros(欧元). The cost seems a little bit high, but they think it is much cheaper 10. ________ living in the hotel.
人与自然——自然生态
子主题12　　与动植物和谐共生
Passage 19(2023宁夏)
You might think all penguins(企鹅) live somewhere 1.________(real) cold like Antarctica(南极洲), but it is not true for Felix. This 14 year old penguin not only lives in Africa, but is also a lovely pet in a family.
Felix's way to becoming a pet began about ten 2.________(year) ago, after he was caught in a fisherman's net by mistake. He was too weak to swim away. Later, he was saved and taken back home by a family. 3.________ their help, he soon became 4.________(health) again. However, 5.________ they tried to return him to the water, Felix refused to leave, so the family 6.________(decide) to keep him instead. They even prepared a large room with air conditioning(空调) for him.
Another thing Felix likes 7.________(much) than his cool and comfortable room is his daily shopping trip to town. His first and only stop is at the local fish store. There he buys two fish and puts 8.________(they) in his special backpack(背包), because he enjoys 9.________(eat) fish. He is now 10.________ popular that he becomes an animal star.
Passage 20(2023聊城)
Gala Village lies in Tibet. It is famous for its beautiful peach blossoms(桃花) in spring. A large number 1.________(介词) tourists all over the country go there during March and April. They enjoy 2.________ (冠词) beautiful blossoms and the good environment. And the village serves the tourists well and tries to make 3.________(they) feel at home.
The village is much 4.________(good) than before. In the past, its people cared little about the environment. They made a living by 5.________(cut) down trees. In 2011, the village decided to develop tourism. Some villagers(村民) were 6.________(pick) out to provide tourist services. Those villagers went to receive training at two 7.________(school) before they started working.Over the last ten years, as tourists get better travel experiences in Gala Village, its people have made more money 8.________(连词) lived a better life.
Now, the villagers plant about 13.3 hectares (公顷) of trees every 9.________(year). They are doing all they can to make their hometown greener.They 10.________ (strong) agree that they should protect the environment while developing tourism.
人与自然——灾害防护
子主题13　　自然灾害和防范措施
Passage 21(2023苏州)
A hurricane(飓风) is a huge storm that forms over warm ocean water. Hurricanes have winds that move in 1.________ circle. Hurricane winds are very 2.________ (power), and can move at speeds from 120 km/h to over 300 km/h.
The centre of hurricane winds is called the eye. Winds in the eye 3.________(be) not very strong. Around the eye is an area called the eye wall. The wall is where winds are the 4.________ (strong) and rain is the heaviest.
Strong winds and heavy rain can do a lot of damage(破坏) when a hurricane moves over land.
Hurricane winds can be strong enough to break 5.________ (window) into pieces. The winds can even knock over tall trees, which might fall on buildings or cars. Strong winds can pick up objects and send 6.________(they) into the air, causing damage.
Heavy rain from a hurricane can cause floods in areas that are not close 7.________ a coast.The floodwater can be very deep. It sometimes 8.________ (reach) almost up to the top of houses. Water goes into the houses 9.________ (quick) and does a lot of damage. Wooden structures(结构) might not be safe after a flood.
10.________ there is no way to prevent a hurricane, you can get prepared for it.　　
答案详解详析
人与自我——生活与学习
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章是李华给大卫写的一封信，告诉大卫自己及其他学生对假期的计划安排。
1. a　【解析】句意：我们正面临________漫长的暑假。根据“vacation”为可数名词单数可知，此处应填冠词；根据句意可知此处的假期表示泛指，且long首字母发音为辅音音素。故填a。
2. discussion　【解析】句意：我写信是想告诉你我们班上关于即将到来假期的________。分析句子结构可知空处应填名词作宾语；根据括号内所给词汇可知此处应填discuss对应的名词形式。故填discussion。
3. to spend　【解析】句意：关于如何________一个有意义的暑假，所有的学生都有自己的计划。此处为“疑问词＋to do”作about的宾语，故此处应填spend的不定式结构。故填to spend。
4. themselves　【解析】句意：他们想彻底放松________，享受美丽的风景。根据“relax”及“They”可知此处指的是想要放松他们自己，故此处应填They对应的反身代词。故填themselves。
5. reading　【解析】句意：他们认为________可以增加知识。分析句子结构可知空处应填可作主语的词；结合括号内所给词汇可知，此处应填read的动名词形式。故填reading。
6. smarter　【解析】句意：它还可以使人们变得更________、更独立以及发展更多的兴趣。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词作宾语补足语；根据“much”修饰比较级可知此处应填smart的比较级。故填smarter。
7. colorful　【解析】句意：他们想提升自我，并结交新朋友，过一个________生活。分析句子结构可知，life为名词，空处应填形容词作定语，故此处应填color对应的形容词形式。故填colorful。
8. in　【解析】句意：我也要去参加社会实践活动。固定搭配：take part in参加。故填in。
9. Although/Though　【解析】句意：________初中生活很快就要结束了，它会永远留在我们的心中。分析句子结构可知空处应填连词；根据句意可知前后分句为转折关系，故although/though符合语境，此处位于句首，故单词首字母应大写。故填Although/Though。
10. wishes　【解析】句意：向你致以最美好的________！根据生活常识可知，不止一个祝愿，故此处应填wish的复数形式。故填wishes。
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了苦于在学习吉他方面没有任何进展的马克向父亲求助，父亲通过带领他爬山让他明白了勤于锻炼才能成功的道理。
1. sadly　【解析】句意：一天，马克________告诉他的父亲，他在学习吉他方面几乎没有进步。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少副词修饰动词told作状语。根据句意及所给词汇可知，sad的副词形式符合语境。故填sadly。
2. for　【解析】句意：马克向他的爸爸寻求一些帮助。ask sb.for help向某人寻求帮助，为固定短语。故填for。
3. will lead　【解析】句意“跟我来，明天我带你去爬村子周围的高山。”分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词。根据句中的“tomorrow”可知此处用一般将来时。故填will lead。
4. but　【解析】句意：道路是漫长而艰难的，________马克仍然跟随他的父亲。分析句子结构可知此处缺少连词。根据空白处前后句意可知but符合语境，表示的是转折关系。故填but。
5. to help　【解析】句意：马克很惊讶，但还是决定帮助他的父亲。decide to do sth.决定做某事，为固定搭配。故填to help。
6. a　【解析】句意“当你还是________小男孩的时候，有时你眼里含着泪水回家。”分析句子结构可知此处缺少不定冠词表示泛指。空白处后面的little是一个以辅音音素开头的单词，故a符合语境。故填a。
7. friends　【解析】句意：他记得小时候，他和他所有的朋友都称这座山为“不可能之山”……分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词。根据句中的all及所给词汇可知其复数形式符合语境。故填friends。
8. me　【解析】句意“你不仅自己爬到了这里，而且帮我到了这里。”分析句子结构可知此处缺少宾语。根据句意及所给词汇可知其宾格形式符合语境。故填me。
9. stronger　【解析】句意“我变得比以前更大更强壮了。”分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作表语。根据句中的bigger和than并结合所给词汇可知其比较级形式符合语境。故填stronger。
10. climbing　【解析】句意“虽然你没有每天都去攀登‘不可能之山’，但你常在在较小的山丘上玩耍，这使得你更擅长攀登。”分析句子结构可知此处缺少宾语。根据空白处前面的of并结合所给词汇可知，其动名词形式符合语境。故填climbing。
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者学习西班牙语的经历。
1. really　【解析】句意：但这________是真的吗？分析句子结构可知此处缺少副词修饰其后形容词true。根据句意并结合所给词汇可知其副词形式符合语境。故填really。
2. an　【解析】句意：几年前，我为________英语报纸工作，他们正在做这样的研究。分析句子结构可知此处缺少不定冠词表示泛指，空白处后面的English是以元音音素开头的单词，故an符合语境。故填an。
3. to see　【解析】句意：然后我不得不去这个国家做一些“测试”，________我是否能在不同的情况下“挺过来”。分析句子结构可知此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
4. found　【解析】句意：我选择了西班牙语，在一所语言学校上了一个月的课程后，________有些西班牙语单词和英语单词非常相似。分析句子结构可知此处缺少谓语动词。根据句中的chose并结合所给词汇可知find的过去式符合语境。故填found。
5. For　【解析】句意：例如，“hola”和“hello”并没有太大的不同。分析句子结构可知此处缺少介词，固定短语for example例如。注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填For。
6. biggest　【解析】句意：但我________问题是发音。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作定语。根据空白处后面的of all并结合所给词汇可知其最高级形式符合语境。故填biggest。
7. it　【解析】句意：我发现有些字母很难用西班牙语发音，尤其是r和j。分析句子结构可知此处用it在宾语从句中作形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正主语。故填it。
8. sentences　【解析】句意：所以我不得不下载________到我的手机上，一遍又一遍地听和练习。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词作宾语。根据句意并结合所给词汇可知其复数形式符合语境。故填sentences。
9. called　【解析】句意：一位________宝拉的西班牙语老师来了，开始了考试。分析句子结构可知此处用过去分词表示被动。故填called。
10. how　【解析】句意：我不太确定，但我是________希望我可以！分析句子结构可知此处缺少副词表示感叹。根据句意可知how符合语境，指的是多么希望“我”可以。故填how。
人与自我——做人与做事
Passage 4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国青少年近视程度严重的情况。研究人员指出，近视加深主要是由于人们生活方式的转变引起的，尤其现在人们的生活离不开电子设备。因此专家建议要多进行户外活动，这样对视力有好处。
1. called　【解析】句意：这也被叫做近视。分析句子结构可知，主语It和谓语动词call之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应该用被动语态，其结构为be＋done。故填called。
2. When　【解析】句意：________我们的眼睛近视，我们看不清离我们很远的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少连词。近视的时候眼睛就看不清远处，此处表示两个动作同时进行，when符合语境。注意句首单词首字母大写。故填When。
3. of　【解析】句意：中国是近视大国，几乎90%的青少年都有近视。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少介词，表示从属关系。故填of。
4. that/who　【解析】句意：年龄在6－10岁的近视儿童会在将来患有更严重的近视。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，空处为关系代词，指代主句中的Children，在从句中作主语。故填that/who。
5. recently　【解析】句意：一些专家近来做了一个预测。分析句子结构可知，空处对整个句子作修饰，应该用副词。故填recently。
6. changes　【解析】句意：近视的增加可能与生活方式的转变有关。change是可数名词，结合常识可知生活方式的改变不止一种，应该用复数形式。故填changes。
7. less　【解析】句意：现在人们待在户外的时间比以前少了。根据“than”可知，此处应该用比较级。故填less。
8. spending　【解析】句意：一名科学记者说童年经常在户外度过(的人)可以减少患近视的概率。分析句子结构可知，此处作从句主语，应该用动名词。故填spending。
9. but　【解析】句意：一位研究人员曾说过，你可以使用电脑和电子屏幕，________记住每天在户外活动两小时。根据前后分句句意可知，此处表示转折，告诉大家要平衡使用电子设备和室外活动的时间。故填but。
10. good　【解析】句意：这对你的视力有________。根据语境及句意可知，此处表示对视力有积极的影响。be good for对……有好处，为固定搭配。故填good。
Passage 5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在爸爸的影响下，一直想去南极洲。后来他得到了一次可以在南极研究站工作的机会并讲述了自己在南极的所见所闻。
1. a　【解析】句意：我一直想去南极洲，因为我爸爸在我出生前曾作为________科学家在那里工作。分析句子结构可知此处缺少冠词，空后scientist是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
2. quietest　【解析】句意：他说南极洲是他去过的________且最美的地方。根据空后“and most beautiful”可知此处也应用形容词的最高级。故填quietest。
3. thought　【解析】句意：我所有的朋友都________我疯了，并努力说服我不要去南极。根据句意并结合语境可知此处讲述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填thought。
4. why　【解析】句意：他们不理解________我想在那么冷又________家如此远的地方生活。分析句子结构可知此处缺少宾语从句引导词，表原因。故填why。
5. from　【解析】句意：他们不理解________我想在那么冷又________家如此远的地方生活。far from离……远，为固定搭配。故填from。
6. simply　【解析】句意：但是我________说，“我喜欢南极洲。”分析句子结构可知此处应用副词修饰said。故填simply。
7. to fear　【解析】句意：在那里，我遇见了南极企鹅，这些鸟类还未学会________我们。learn to do sth.学会做某事，为固定用法。故填to fear。
8. fun/funny　【解析】句意：它们看着冷静、好奇又________。分析句子结构可知此处应填形容词，和calm以及curious并列。故填fun/funny。
9. fishing　【解析】句意：在夏天，我们周末________和爬山。spend some time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事，为固定用法。故填fishing。
10. movies　【解析】句意：但是它比我想象得更有趣，因为我们一起看很多________并玩游戏。分析句子结构可知此处应填名词，空前有lots of，应用名词复数。故填movies。
人与社会——社会服务
Passage 6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要叙述了博物馆的作用以及作者在2021年到常州博物馆做志愿者的经历，作者为自己感到自豪。
1. an　【解析】句意：它们也是中小学生________重要的教室。根据“classroom”为单数，可知此处应填冠词。根据句意可知此处指的是一个重要的教室，表示泛指，且important是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
2. are seen　【解析】句意：在节假日期间，在常州博物馆成群结队的年轻导游随处________。分析句子结构可知空处应填动词作谓语。根据“During holidays”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，且see与主语之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用被动语态，主语为复数。故填are seen。
3. has carried　【解析】句意：2011年以来，常州博物馆________100余场志愿者导游公益培训活动。分析句子结构可知空处应填动词。根据“Since 2011”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，且主语为单数。故填has carried。
4. to be　【解析】句意：2021年7月，我被选中________常州博物馆的一名志愿者导游。be chosen to do sth.被选择做某事，为固定用法。故填to be。
5. Because/As　【解析】句意：________这是我第一次在那里服务，我不知道该做什么。分析句子结构可知空处应填连词。根据句意可知前后分句为因果关系，因为第一次在那里服务，所以不知道做什么，because/as符合语境，位于句首首字母应大写。故填Because/As。
6. pioneers　【解析】句意：像瞿秋白、张太雷这样的________的故事让我深受感动。根据“like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei”可知此处应填pioneer的复数形式。故填pioneers。
7. losing　【解析】句意：他们冒着________生命的危险去创造一个新中国，这让我印象深刻。risk doing sth.冒险做某事，为固定用法，故此处应填lose的 ing形式。故填losing。
8. successfully　【解析】句意：在接下来的一个月里，我引导了数百名游客并________完成了我的工作。分析句子结构可知空处应填副词作状语修饰动词“did”。根据句意可知此处指的是成功地完成了“我”的工作，故此处应填success对应的副词形式。故填successfully。
9. on　【解析】句意：这段经历对我影响很大。have an influence on sb.对某人有影响，为固定搭配。故填on。
10. proud　【解析】句意：作为一名志愿者导游，能够帮助更多人了解常州，我感到________。feel proud of...为……感到自豪，为固定短语，故此处应填pride对应的形容词。故填proud。
人与社会——人际交往
Passage 7
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“我”的邻居张女士因为友善和乐于助人而非常受大家欢迎，也讲述了张女士一次过生日的经历。
1. mine　【解析】句意：她的家紧挨着________。分析句子结构及句意可知空处应填名词性物主代词mine，表示“我的家”。故填mine。
2. friendly　【解析】句意：她是一个热情且________的人。分析句子结构可知空处缺少形容词修饰名词“person”，表示“友好的”，和warm是并列关系。故填friendly。
3. likes　【解析】句意：她总是________帮助别人。分析句子结构可知空处缺少谓语动词；根据上下文可知描述的是客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语She为第三人称单数，所以空处应填like的单三形式。故填likes。
4. what　【解析】句意：她经常问人们她能为他们做________。分析句子结构可知空处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语；结合句意可知此处应为她能为他们做什么。故填what。
5. to　【解析】句意：当我回家时，她经常在她的花园前________我打招呼。say hello to sb.向某人打招呼，为固定搭配。故填to。
6. kinds　【解析】句意：她在她的花园里种了不同________漂亮的花。kind为可数名词，根据空前的“different”可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式。故填kinds。
7. invited　【解析】句意：她举办了一场聚会，并________所有邻居。分析句子结构可知空处缺少动词作谓语；根据空前的held可知，时态为一般过去时。故填invited。
8. a　【解析】句意：她做了________很大的蛋糕，蛋糕上还有鲜花。分析句子结构及句意可知空处缺少不定冠词表泛指，且“very”是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
9. first　【解析】句意：这是我________次看到这样的蛋糕。分析句意及所给词可知空处表示“第一次”，考查句式：it is/was one's first/second/third...time to do sth.某人第几次做某事，为固定搭配。 故填first。
10. nicest　【解析】句意：我认为它是我曾吃过的________蛋糕。根据空前的定冠词“the”和空后的“ever”可知此处应用形容词最高级，表示“最好的”。故填nicest。
Passage 8
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了戈登先生作为一名音乐老师，在他任职期间，发掘并培养了一位小音乐家托尼的故事。
1. children　【解析】句意：戈登先生是一个很善良的老人并且________喜欢他。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词作主语。根据下一句中的“They”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填children。
2. teaching　【解析】句意：他们很喜欢他的课堂并且他也喜欢________他们。分析句子结构可知此处缺少宾语。根据固定用法enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”可知，此处应填动名词形式。故填teaching。
3. have been　【解析】句意“我________当老师四十年了，但我从没有见过像托尼这样的孩子。”分析句子结构可知此处缺少谓语。根据空后的“for forty years”及句意可知，他当老师已经有四十年了，此处为现在完成时。故填have been。
4. to work　【解析】句意“他需要和其他喜欢音乐的男孩和女孩一起________。”分析句子结构可知此处缺少宾语。根据固定用法need to do sth. “需要做某事”可知，此处应填动词不定式。故填to work。
5. the　【解析】句意“我知道他的父母很贫穷，但我可以给他上第一节钢琴课。”分析句子结构可知此处缺少冠词。根据空后序数词“first”可知，此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
6. to/into　【解析】句意“并且或许托尼可以在白天去音乐学院，晚上去餐馆工作。”分析句子结构可知此处缺少介词。根据“go＋介词to/into＋地点名词”为固定用法可知，此处应填介词to/into。故填to/into。
7. us　【解析】句意“托尼是一个好孩子。他对________来说就像儿子。”根据介词to后应填人称代词的宾格形式可知，此处应填we的宾格形式us。故填us。
8. usually　【解析】句意：她________是个文静的女人…… 分析句子结构可知此处缺少副词。根据句意可知，usually符合语境。故填usually。
9. excited　【解析】句意：……她________眼睛发亮。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作表语。根据句意可知，此处表示她感到兴奋，修饰人应用excited。故填excited。
10. knew　【解析】句意：托尼对他们的谈话什么都不________。分析句子结构可知此处缺少动词作谓语。根据上文可知，此处讲述过去的事情，应填动词的一般过去式。故填knew。
Passage 9
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者在美国旅行时成功搭便车的经历。
1. their　【解析】句意：那里的许多人喜欢在________旅途中搭乘便车。考查人称代词。关键词“trips”是名词，需要填形容词性物主代词做定语。故填their。
2. was driving　【解析】句意：当我的车在路上停下来时，我________。考查动词的时态。结构为“be doing sth.when...”的句型译为：正在做某事时突然……主句为过去进行时，从句为一般过去时，因此空处应用过去进行时，且主语为I。故填was driving。
3. farther　【解析】句意：我要去的城镇比我预期的________。考查形容词的比较级。根据比较级的标志词“than”可知，此处表示比“我”预期的距离要远。故填farther。
4. before　【解析】句意：在我到达那个城镇________，我的油箱就已经空了。考查连词的用法。根据下文“Standing there, I didn't know what to do.”可知，此处表示在作者到达那里之前，油箱就已经空了。故填before。
5. of　【解析】句意：然后我________我在好莱坞________中看到过的场景。考查固定短语。think of意为想起，是固定短语。故填of。
6. movies　【解析】句意：……在好莱坞________中看到过的场景。考查名词的单复数。movie是可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数形式。故填movies。
7. really　【解析】句意：令我高兴的是，那辆车________停在了我面前。考查副词的用法。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词“stopped”。故填really。
8. an　【解析】句意：司机是________老人。考查冠词的用法。此处泛指“一位老人”，且old是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
9. to do　【解析】句意：但他离开了，因为他有重要的事情________。考查非谓语动词。have something important to do表示“有一些重要的事情要做”。故填to do。
10. helped　【解析】句意：因此，我试着搭车，我又一次得到了________。考查动词的被动语态。I与help之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，即be＋done的形式，所以应填help的过去分词形式。故填helped。
人与社会——文学、艺术与体育
Passage 10
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是英国著名的巨石阵。
1. places　【解析】句意：它是英国最著名的历史遗迹之一。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词。根据句中的“one of”并结合所给词汇可知，其复数形式符合语境。故填places。
2. visit　【解析】句意：每年有超过75万人参观这里。分析句子结构可知此处缺少谓语动词。根据句中的“every year”可知，此处用一般现在时。故填visit。
3. rising　【解析】句意：人们喜欢去这个地方，因为他们想在一年中最长的一天看日出…… 分析句子结构可知此处缺少宾语补足语。根据句意并结合所给词汇可知，其现在分词形式符合语境，指的是看到当时太阳升起的情景。故填rising。
4. in　【解析】句意：……特别是在6月。分析句子结构可知此处缺少介词。根据空白处后面的June可知in符合语境。故填in。
5. but　【解析】句意：一些历史学家认为巨石阵是一座寺庙，________历史学家保罗·斯托克认为这不可能是真的，因为巨石阵是在许多世纪前建造的。分析句子结构可知此处缺少连词。根据句意可知，but符合语境，表示的是转折关系。故填but。
6. healthy　【解析】句意：其他人则认为，这些石头是用来保持人们健康的。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作宾语补足语。根据句意并结合所给词汇可知，其形容词形式符合语境。故填healthy。
7. what　【解析】句意：没有人知道巨石阵是用来做什么的…… 分析句子结构可知此处缺少宾语从句引导词。根据句意可知what符合语境。故填what。
8. to respect　【解析】句意：人们建造它可能是为了尊重祖先。分析句子结构可知此处缺少目的状语。根据句意并结合所给词汇可知，其动词不定式形式符合语境。故填to respect。
9. slowly　【解析】句意：巨石阵是在很长一段时间内缓慢建造的。分析句子结构可知此处缺少副词作状语。根据句意并结合所给词汇可知，其副词形式符合语境。故填slowly。
10. that　【解析】句意：这些石头又大又重，________没有人知道它是如何建造的，但我们知道这些建造者一定是努力工作的伟大规划者。so...that...如此……以致于……，为固定短语。故填that。
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
Passage 11
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了孔子的弟子高柴为人热心且聪明，后受子路推荐成为政府官员的故事。
1. were told　【解析】句意：许多关于他童年的故事在他的家乡被讲述。 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少动词作谓语。根据句意及所给词汇可知，此处表示许多故事被讲述，应用被动语态，文章时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，因此应用were＋过去分词。故填were told。
2. were playing　【解析】句意：例如，有一天，小高柴和他的朋友在河边玩耍的时候，其中一个朋友掉进了水里。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少动词作谓语，根据“when one of them fell into the water”可知，此处为be doing sth.when...正在做某事时突然……，所以空处应用过去进行时，主语为复数，文章时态为一般过去时，故用were＋现在分词。故填were playing。
3. kids　【解析】句意：其他的孩子很震惊并且受到了惊吓。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词作主语，空前有“The other”修饰且空后为were，因此名词应用复数。故填kids。
4. to do　【解析】句意：他们不知道做什么而且周围没有可以求助的成年人。分析句子结构可知，此处为疑问词＋不定式结构作宾语，故应用动词的不定式结构。故填to do。
5. quickly　【解析】句意：高柴迅速想到了一个办法。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少副词修饰动词，因此应用副词形式。故填quickly。
6. it　【解析】句意：他捡起一个大的葫芦并把它扔给了在河里的朋友。分析句子结构可知，此处作宾语，结合句意可知，此处指把大葫芦扔给了朋友，因此应用it指代葫芦。故填it。
7. understood　【解析】句意：他的朋友立刻明白了，抓住了葫芦，这使他能够浮在水面上并游到了河边。分析句子结构可知，空处和caught并列作谓语，因此此处应用动词的过去式。故填understood。
8. her　【解析】句意：当他的父亲外出时，这个小男孩在家里帮了很多忙，为他的母亲做饭并为她准备药。分析句子结构可知，此处作介词for的宾语，因此应用代词的宾格形式。故填her。
9. nor　【解析】句意：他既不好看________高，而且话也不多。neither...nor...既不……也不……，为固定短语。故填nor。
10. as　【解析】句意：子路后来在鲁国担任官员。serve as...担任……，为固定短语。故填as。
Passage 12
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了明星代言的广告并不一定像他们所说的，所以购买时我们应该小心。
1. However　【解析】句意：________，你想过广告是否真实吗？根据本句与上句句意可知，此处为转折关系，且为副词，故however符合语境，位于句首首字母应大写。故填However。
2. have been　【解析】句意：在过去的几年里，很多明星作为一些产品的代言人出现在电视上。根据“In the past few years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，且主语为复数。故填have been。
3. finally　【解析】句意：人们花费太多的金钱在这些产品上，但是________，它们中的很多并不像明星所说的那样。分析句子结构可知空处应填副词作状语修饰后半句；结合括号内所给词汇可知此处应填final的副词形式。故填finally。
4. satisfied　【解析】句意：发生事故后，很多人对明星代言广告不________。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词作表语；根据“Many people”可知修饰的是人，故此处应填satisfy对应的修饰人的形容词。故填satisfied。
5. ideas　【解析】句意：公众对于明星代言广告是什么________呢？根据“are”可知此处应填idea的复数形式。故填ideas。
6. any　【解析】句意：如果产品有________问题，明星应该负有责任，你同意吗？本句为疑问句，故将some改为any。故填any。
7. stars'　【解析】句意：一项研究显示大约36%的人认为那不是________过错…… 根据句意可知此处指的是明星的过错，结合后句中的stars可知此处应填star的复数的所有格形式。故填stars'。
8. be punished　【解析】句意：超过34%的人认为明星必须负责，否则他们将________。punish与主语they形成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用被动语态，由will可知此处应填be punished。故填be punished。
9. careful　【解析】句意：当买明星做广告的一些东西时，我们应该更________。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词作表语；根据括号内所给词汇可知此处应填care对应的形容词。故填careful。
10. of　【解析】句意：我们必须弄明白这些东西到底怎么样，而不是听明星所说的。instead of 代替，为固定搭配。故填of。
Passage 13
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了李春建造赵州桥的故事。
1. The　【解析】句意：洪水摧毁了一座大石桥。分析句子结构可知此处缺少定冠词，特指的是上文出现的flood。注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。
2. times　【解析】句意：人们已经重建这座桥许多________了。根据空白处前面的many可知此处应用time的复数形式。故填times。
3. with　【解析】句意：它怎么了？分析句子结构可知此处缺少介词，“What's wrong with it？”为固定句式，意为“怎么了？”。故填with。
4. worked　【解析】句意：他日夜画桥，发现石头支柱无法承受洪水的力量。分析句子结构可知此处缺少谓语动词，根据句中的found可知此处应用work的过去式。故填worked。
5. building　【解析】句意：他想到________弓形拱门，而不是用石头来支撑。根据空前的of可知此处应用build的动名词形式。故填building。
6. four　【解析】句意：当洪水来袭时，水会穿过________个小拱门，对桥的影响很小。根据句意并结合音标提示可知four符合语境。故填four。
7. greatly　【解析】句意：他对这个想法感到________兴奋，在桌子前高兴地跳了起来。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰形容词，应用副词。故填greatly。
8. and　【解析】句意：它安全________漂亮。分析句子结构可知此处缺少连词，根据空白处前后词义可知and符合语境，表示的是并列关系。故填and。
9. glad　【解析】句意：赵州的当地人很________石桥的问题终于解决了。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作表语，根据句意并结合音标提示可知glad符合语境。故填glad。
10. become　【解析】句意：现在，这座拥有1300多年历史的大石桥已________中国拱桥的典范。分析句子结构可知此处缺少谓语动词，根据句意并结合音标提示可知become符合语境。故填become。
Passage 14
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了毛主席的家乡——韶山。在毛主席诞辰的时候韶山市会举办活动，去韶山旅游的游客能学习到中国共产党的历史。
1. worked　【解析】句意：他曾经在这里生活、学习和工作。and连接的动词时态应一致，根据lived可知为一般过去时。故填worked。
2. that/which　【解析】句意：韶山几乎位于湖南的中心，距离湘潭大约40公里，距离长沙大约100公里。定语从句中先行词是a place，物作主语引导词用that或which。故填that/which。
3. by　【解析】句意：随着高铁的建成，越来越多的人选择乘坐高铁来这里。by＋交通工具，乘坐……，为固定搭配。故填by。
4. takes　【解析】句意：乘坐高铁只需要不到半小时就能从长沙到韶山。it为第三人称单数，因此将take变takes。故填takes。
5. to drive　【解析】句意：另一部分人想要和家人或者朋友自驾来这里。want to do sth.想要做某事，为固定短语。故填to drive。
6. best　【解析】句意：如果人们在12月26日来韶山，这将是最好的时间。good的最高级是best，最高级前面用定冠词the修饰。故填best。
7. Visitors　【解析】句意：全国各地的游客到此以表他们对毛主席的尊敬。根据句意可知，此处应填Visitor的复数形式。故填Visitors。
8. watching　【解析】句意：他们也期待看《最忆韶山冲》，这可以帮助他们更好地了解毛主席。look forward to doing sth.期待做某事，为固定搭配。故填watching。
9. a　【解析】句意：除此之外，韶山不仅是一个适合学校组织学生游玩的好地方，也是一个适合他们去了解中国共产党的历史的好地方。名词place前需要冠词，此处表示泛指，且good是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
10. them　【解析】句意：除此之外，韶山不仅是一个适合学校组织学生游玩的好地方，也是一个适合他们去了解中国共产党的历史的好地方。介词for后面用人称代词的宾格形式。故填them。
Passage 15
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自己在重庆吃火锅的经历介绍了中国的特色美食——火锅。
1. busiest　【解析】句意：火锅店是这个城市最大、最繁忙的地方之一。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作定语。根据the largest并结合所提供词汇可知，其最高级形式符合语境。故填busiest。
2. of　【解析】句意：在餐馆里，数百人挤在一个大房间里。分析句子结构可知此处缺少介词。hundreds of，数以百计的，为固定短语。故填of。
3. a　【解析】句意：我和我的朋友坐在一张桌子旁，桌子中间放着一口大锅。分析句子结构可知此处缺少不定冠词表示泛指。空后的large是以辅音音素开头的单词，可知a符合语境。故填a。
4. really　【解析】句意：我真的无法忘记。分析句子结构可知此处缺少副词作状语。根据句意并结合所提供词汇可知，其副词形式符合语境。故填really。
5. restaurants　【解析】句意：如今，火锅是中国最受欢迎的烹饪方式之一，几乎每个城镇都有一些火锅店。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词作宾语。根据空白处前面的some并结合所提供词汇可知，其复数形式符合语境。故填restaurants。
6. put　【解析】句意：有了火锅，你可以放任何你喜欢的食物。分析句子结构可知此处缺少动词。根据空白处前面的情态动词can并结合所提供词汇可知，其原形符合语境。故填put。
7. as　【解析】句意：每个人都可以吃他们想要的，没有人被遗漏。分析句子结构可知此处缺少连词。固定短语as...as，和……一样。故填as。
8. is　【解析】句意：这是中国文化的价值之一。分析句子结构可知此处缺少be动词。根据句中主语This并结合所提供词汇可知，其单数形式符合语境。故填is。
9. to spend　【解析】句意：最后，火锅不仅尝起来美味，而且是与他人共度时光的完美方式。分析句子结构可知此处用动词不定式作定语。故填to spend。
10. but/yet　【解析】句意：这些食物可能很快就会被遗忘，但是我们的友谊会和我们永远在一起。分析句子结构可知此处缺少连词。根据句意可知此处用but/yet符合语境，表示的是转折关系。故填but/yet。
Passage 16
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国悠久的历史和独特的文化。
1. an　【解析】句意：中国食物对于中国家庭来说，扮演着________重要的角色。根据role可知此处应填冠词；根据句意可知此处表示泛指，且important以元音音素开头，故an符合语境。故填an。
2. is　【解析】句意：其中主食之一________大米。根据句意可知，叙述的是客观事实，故本句时态为一般现在时，且主语为One of the main foods，故此处应填be动词的单数形式。故填is。
3. western　【解析】句意：中国日历和________国家的日历是不同的。分析句子结构可知此处应填形容词作定语修饰名词countries；结合所给词汇可知此处应填west对应的形容词形式。故填western。
4. traditional　【解析】句意：并且它也有一些特殊的________文化。分析句子结构可知此处应填形容词作定语修饰名词cultures；结合括号内所给词汇可知此处应填tradition对应的形容词形式。故填traditional。
5. before　【解析】句意：例如，在新年________大扫除，扫走……根据生活常识可知，在新年之前大扫除，before符合语境。故填before。
6. luck　【解析】句意：例如，……扫走过去一年所有的坏________。分析句子结构可知空处应填名词作宾语；根据所给词汇可知此处应填lucky对应的名词，luck为不可数名词。故填luck。
7. named　【解析】句意：每一年被以一个动物________。分析句子结构可知空处应填动词作谓语；Each year与name之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用被动语态，应填name对应的过去分词。故填named。
8. has developed　【解析】句意：中国书法________超过4000年了。分析句子结构可知空处应填动词作谓语；根据“for over 4，000 years”可知本句时态为现在完成时，且主语为单数。故填has developed。
9. meaning　【解析】句意：一个汉字代表一个词，也是一种________。分析句子结构可知空处应填名词作宾语；根据括号内所给词汇可知此处应填mean对应的名词meaning，由空前“a”可知此处应填meaning的单数形式。故填meaning。
10. forms　【解析】句意：除了普通话，中国人说一些其他________语言，并且也有很多种方言。分析句子结构可知空处应填名词作宾语；根据“some other”可知此处应填form的复数形式。故填forms。
Passage 17
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了治疗发烧的药物的发展。
1. actually　【解析】句意：但是阿司匹林________是一种现代药物吗？分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式。故填actually。
2. was used　【解析】句意：并且在公元前4世纪，一种由树皮制成的药物________来治疗发烧。分析句子结构可知，此处应用被动语态；且该句时态为一般过去时。故填was used。
3. cheapest　【解析】句意：如今，它是全球________且最有帮助的药物之一。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词修饰名词medicines，且根据空后的“and most helpful”可知，应用形容词cheap的最高级形式，前后保持一致。故填cheapest。
4. from　【解析】句意：我们现在有的一些药源于传统中药。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处考查动词短语come from，意为“来自，源于”，为固定搭配。故填from。
5. began　【解析】句意：在公元前三世纪，一些人们________研究人体。根据空前的时间状语“In the third century B. C．”可知，时态为一般过去时。故填began。
6. their　【解析】句意：他们尝试了很多不同的方法来治疗病人，并记录________结果。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词来修饰空后的名词results；应用人称代词they的形容词性物主代词，表示“他们的”。故填their。
7. what　【解析】句意：2000多年前，医生们记录他们在书里所发现的。分析句子结构可知，此句包含一个宾语从句，且缺少连接词，连接词在从句中作宾语，表示“他们所发现的东西”，what符合语境。故填what。
8. the　【解析】句意：屠呦呦，一位中国医学研究者，发现在过去人们使用一种带有黄花的草本来治疗发烧。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处考查短语in the past，意为“在过去”，为固定短语。故填the。
9. centuries　【解析】句意：________以来，西医对中医的重视程度较低。根据上下文可知，此处表示“几个世纪以来”，空前无限定词修饰，空处应填名词复数形式。故填centuries。
10. to develop　【解析】句意：但是现在，科学家们正在研究传统治疗方法________新的药物。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处应使用动词不定式表示目的。故填to develop。
Passage 18
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了荷兰的一所3D打印房屋的产生及目前的情况。
1. has　【解析】句意：荷兰需要成千上万的新房子，因为这个国家的人口正在增长。从句主语为“the country”，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。根据“needs”可知，此处为一般现在时。故填has。
2. them　【解析】句意：它们中的一些可以被打印出来。空处在介词of后，需用代词宾格形式。故填them。
3. Recently　【解析】句意：最近，政府正在和一所大学及一些建筑公司合作建造完全由3D打印的房子。空处在句中作状语，需用副词形式。注意句首单词首字母需大写。故填Recently。
4. a　【解析】句意：一对老夫妇作为志愿者，成为了第一对在欧洲入住这种房子的人。空前为such，空后为名词house，空处用不定冠词a，构成such＋a＋名词的结构。故填a。
5. bedrooms　【解析】句意：这个房子有两个卧室，一个大客厅，是使用大型3D打印机和特殊的水泥一层一层建造的。空前有基数词“two”，空处需用名词复数。故填bedrooms。
6. was carried　【解析】句意：被打印出来后，这所房子被一辆卡车运到建筑工地，屋顶和窗户之后被加上去。分析句子结构可知，主语“the house”是被卡车运输的，与谓语动词“carry”存在逻辑上的动宾关系，需用被动语态；前后句为一般过去时，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was carried。
7. to finish　【解析】句意：完成这所3D打印房屋大约要花120小时。此处为It takes/took some time to do sth.句型，意为“花费多长时间做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to finish。
8. traditional　【解析】句意：通常，用传统方式建造这样的房屋大约要花一到两年。空处缺少形容词作定语，修饰空后的名词。故填traditional。
9. in　【解析】句意：这对夫妇将会在这个房子住六个月，每月支付800欧元。分析句子结构可知，空处用介词in，与空后宾语“this house”构成介宾结构，在句中作地点状语。故填in。
10. than　【解析】句意：这个花费看起来有点高，但是他们认为这比住在旅馆要便宜很多。根据空前的“cheaper”可知，此处为比较级结构。故填than。
人与自然——自然生态
Passage 19
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Felix如何成为一只宠物企鹅的故事。
1. really　【解析】句意：你可能认为所有的企鹅都生活在像南极洲那样________寒冷的地方，但对Felix来说不是这样的。提示词real是形容词，意为“真的，绝对的”，根据句子结构可知此处缺少副词修饰形容词cold。故填really。
2. years　【解析】句意： Felix的宠物之路始于十________前左右，在他被渔夫的渔网误捕之后。提示词year是名词，意为“年”，根据空前ten可知此处应用名词的复数形式。故填years。
3. With　【解析】句意：________他们的帮助下，他很快就恢复了________。with one's help，在某人的帮助下，为固定搭配，此处应用介词with，位于句首首字母需大写。故答案为With。
4. healthy　【解析】句意： ________他们的帮助，他很快就再次恢复了________。提示词health是名词，意为“健康”，根据句子结构可知此处缺少形容词做became的表语。故填healthy。
5. when　【解析】句意：然而，________他们试图把他送回水中，Felix拒绝离开，所以这家人________留下他。根据句子结构可知此处缺少从句引导词，根据前后半句之间的关系可知，此处意为当……的时候。故填when。
6. decided　【解析】句意： 然而，________他们试图把他送回水中，Felix拒绝离开，所以这家人________留下他。提示词decide是动词，意为“决定”，根据上下文可知此处应用动词的过去式。故填decided。
7. more　【解析】句意：相比于凉爽舒适的房间，Felix________喜欢的是每天去镇上购物。提示词much是副词，意为“很多，大量”，根据句中than可知此处应用副词的比较级。故填more。
8. them　【解析】句意：在那里，他买了两条鱼，把________放在他的特殊背包里，因为他喜欢________鱼。提示词they为人称代词主格形式，意为“他(她/它)们”，puts为谓语动词，谓语动词后应用人称代词宾格形式，表示“它们”。故填them。
9. eating　【解析】句意：在那里，他买了两条鱼并把________放在他独特的背包里，因为他喜欢________鱼。提示词eat是动词，意为“吃”，根据空前enjoys以及固定搭配enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事可知，此处应用动名词形式。故填eating。
10. so　【解析】句意： 他现在________受欢迎，以至于成了一个动物明星。根据题干中that，可知此处用so, so＋adj./adv. ＋that表示“如此……以至于”，为固定搭配。故填so。
Passage 20
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Gala村的村民从前靠砍树为生，最后通过发展旅游业使村子更美丽了，村民也越来越富裕了，由此村民们意识到了保护环境的重要性。文章告诉我们：在发展经济的同时也要注重保护环境。
1. of　【解析】句意：3月和4月期间，全国各地有大量游客到那里旅游。根据空前的“A large number”及介词提示可知此处表示大量游客。a large number of许多，为固定用法。故填of。
2. the　【解析】句意：他们欣赏美丽的花朵和良好的环境。根据空后的“beautiful blossoms and the good environment”及冠词提示可知此处表示特指，需用定冠词the。故填the。
3. them　【解析】句意：村子为游客提供了良好的服务，并尽力让________有宾至如归的感觉。分析句子结构可知此处缺少代词作宾语。根据句中的“And the village serves the tourists well”及所给词they可知此处表示他们，需用其宾格形式。故填them。
4. better　【解析】句意：这个村子比以前更________。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作表语。根据空后的“than”及所给词good可知此处表示更好，需用其比较级形式。故填better。
5. cutting　【解析】句意：他们靠________树谋生。根据空前的“by”及所给词cut可知此处表示砍树，介词后需用动名词形式。故填cutting。
6. picked　【解析】句意：一些村民被________出来提供旅游服务。分析句子结构可知此处缺少动词作谓语。根据空前的“Some villagers (村民) were”及所给词pick可知此处表示被挑选，需用其过去分词形式。故填picked。
7. schools　【解析】句意：那些村民在开始工作之前曾在两所________接受过培训。根据空前的“at two”及所给词school可知此处表示在两所学校，需用其复数形式。故填schools。
8. and　【解析】句意：在过去的十年里，随着游客在Gala村获得了更好的旅游体验，这里的人们赚了更多的钱，________过上了更好的生活。根据空前的“its people have made more money”，空后的“lived a better life”及连词提示可知此处表示并列，需用连词and。故填and。
9. year　【解析】句意：现在，村民每________植树约13.3公顷。根据空前的“every”及所给词year可知此处表示每年，需用其单数形式。故填year。
10. strongly　【解析】句意：他们________赞同在发展旅游业的同时应该保护环境。分析句子结构可知此处缺少副词修饰agree。根据空后的“agree that they should protect the environment while developing tourism”及所给词strong可知此处表示强烈地赞同，需用其副词形式。故填strongly。
人与自然——灾害防护
Passage 21
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了飓风的形成过程以及对人们生活和生产的影响。
1. a　【解析】句意：飓风在一个圆圈内移动。分析句子结构并根据句意可知此处表示的是一个圆圈。故填a。
2. powerful　【解析】句意：飓风非常有力量……分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少形容词作表语。故填powerful。
3. are　【解析】句意：在风眼处的风强度不大。主语Winds为复数，谓语动词用复数。故填are。
4. strongest　【解析】句意：这堵墙是狂风和暴雨最猛烈的地方。and表并列，再根据空后的“the heaviest”可知此处strong要用最高级。故填strongest。
5. windows　【解析】句意：飓风的威力足以将窗户吹成碎片。此处表示泛指，所以填名词复数。故填windows。
6. them　【解析】句意：强风会把物体吹到空中，造成破坏。根据句意以及语境可知空处指的是前面的objects，且在句中作宾语。故填them。
7. to　【解析】句意：飓风带来的暴雨会在不靠近岸边的地方引发洪水。“close to”靠近，为固定搭配。故填to。
8. reaches　【解析】句意：有时洪水几乎到达了房顶。根据空前的“It sometimes”可知此处表示的是一般现在时。故填reaches。
9. quickly　【解析】句意：水很快进入房屋，造成很大的破坏。分析句子成分可知，此处缺少副词修饰动词。故填quickly。
10. Although/Though　【解析】句意：尽管没有方法去阻止飓风，但你可以为预防它做好准备。分析句子结构可知此处缺少连词，根据语境可知此处表示“尽管，虽然”，应该用although或though引导让步状语从句。注意句首单词首字母需大写。故填Although/Though。