第二部分 专题一 第1讲
A
(2023·甘肃省酒泉市高三一模)
Get involved with our research
Some of our research projects depend on how generous people like you are．Whether it's using your home PC, taking part in a medical experiment or simply volunteering your time for a study, you may be able to help some of the creative projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research．Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved．
Seeking poor sleepers for sleeplessness research
Trouble sleeping We are looking for poor sleepers between the ages of 18 and 65．The activity will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, testing your sleep/wake cycle, and completing the tasks on the computer．If you are interested, please contact the research team at sleeplessness@ndcn．ox．ac．uk．
Volunteers with lazy eye(弱视) wanted
We are looking for volunteers aged 18—45 with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain scanning (扫描) study．You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check if you are suitable for an MRI (核磁共振) scan．Call 01865 223622 for more information．
Oxford Vaccine(疫苗) Group
The Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent medical experiment group．OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children．To get more information, please see the OVG website．
Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences
The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, needs some people to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behaviour as well as something about economy and politics．We treat our subjects well, there are no special skills required and you don't have to come to the lab in person．Contact us at socialscience．study@ox．ac．uk for more information．
1．How can you get more information about the project “Volunteers with lazy eye wanted”？
A．By calling 01865 223622．
B．By seeing the OVG website．
C．By surfing the website: sleeplessness@ndcn．ox．ac．uk．
D．By referring to the website: socialscience．study@ox．ac．uk．
2．What should you do if you volunteer for sleeplessness research？
①Have your brain scanned．
②Finish the tasks on the computer．
③Have your sleep/wake cycle tested．
④Spend overnights in the sleep laboratory．
⑤Answer questions about your surfing behaviour．
A．③④⑤ B．②③④
C．②④⑤ D．①④⑤
3．What will be involved in the project “Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences”？
A．Medical history．
B．Examining your eyes．
C．Vaccines for prevention of infection．
D．Finance and politics．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几项需要志愿者的研究项目的详细信息、要求和参与方式等。
1．A 细节理解题。根据Volunteers with lazy eye (弱视) wanted部分的“Call 01865 223622 for more information．(查询详情请致电01865 223622。)”可知，致电01865 223622就能得到更多关于Volunteers with lazy eye wanted项目的信息。故选A。
2．B 细节理解题。根据Seeking poor sleepers for sleeplessness research部分的“The activity will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, testing your sleep/wake cycle, and completing the tasks on the computer．(这项活动包括在牛津大学的睡眠实验室过夜，测试你的睡眠/清醒周期，并在电脑上完成任务。)”可知，如果你自愿参加失眠研究，你要在睡眠实验室过夜、测试你的睡眠/清醒周期、完成电脑上的任务，即②③④。故选B。
3．D 细节理解题。根据Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences部分的“The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, needs some people to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behaviour as well as something about economy and politics．(牛津大学互联网研究所和商学院需要一些人参与基于电脑的实验，涉及网上冲浪行为以及经济和政治方面的内容。)”可知，牛津社会科学实验室项目将涉及经济和政治。故选D。
B
(2023·江苏省决胜新高考考前模拟)
Down House, home of Charles Darwin：
Fun fact
Charles Darwin, his wife, Emma, and their children lived at Down House for 40 years from 1838．Several rooms appear as if the family still live here: with croquet sets thrown into an under-stairs cupboard, a half-played game of backgammon on a side table and Emma's knitting(毛线) left on a chair in the drawing room．Upstairs, an exhibition showcases Darwin's voyage aboard HMS Beagle, including a reconstruction of his cabin．Outside, visitors can explore the sheltered gardens which Darwin used as an open-air laboratory, and the greenhouse in which he planted rare plants and devised botanical experiments．
No room at Down House escaped Darwin's experiments．In the drawing room he once placed a jar of earthworms on the grand piano to see whether they could hear．
Getting there
A 15-minute drive from the A21/Farnborough．Free parking．The R8 bus from Orpington stops nearby (except Sundays) or the 146 bus from Bromley North and South terminates(终点站) in Downe village, half a mile from the property．The nearest railway stations are Chelsfield or Orpington, about four miles away．
Value for money
It's ￡12 (adult), ￡7．20 (child), or ￡31．30 (family with 2 adults)．Under 5s go free．
Opening hours
Open daily 10 a．m．—6 p．m．from 30 March to 30 September; daily 10 a．m．— 5 p．m．between 1 to 31 October．Opening times vary through the winter (check website for details)．
Verdict(评价)
8/10．An unstuffy educational, gentle day-trip attraction with friendly, knowledgeable staff．
4．What can visitors do in Down House？
A．Play the grand piano．
B．Set sail in HMS Beagle．
C．Explore Darwin's work and life．
D．Try food sourced from the garden．
5．How much would a couple with their 4-year-old twin sons pay for admission？
A．￡38．40． B．￡26．20．
C．￡31．30． D．￡24．
6．What do we know about Down House？
A．It is highly thought of．
B．It charges parking fees．
C．It has fixed opening hours．
D．It is inconveniently located．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参观达尔文故居的情况。
4．C 细节理解题。根据Fun fact部分中“Outside, visitors can explore the sheltered gardens which Darwin used as an open-air laboratory, and the greenhouse in which he planted rare plants and devised botanical experiments．(在外面，游客可以探索达尔文用作露天实验室的遮蔽花园，以及他种植稀有植物和设计植物学实验的温室。)”可知，游客在这里可以探索了解达尔文当年的工作生活情况。故选C。
5．D 细节理解题。根据Value for money部分中“It's ￡12 (adult), ￡7．20 (child), or ￡31．30 (family with 2 adults)．Under 5s go free．(成人12英镑，儿童7．20英镑，或31．30英镑(一个有2个成年人的家庭)。5岁以下免费。)”可知，四岁孩子不要钱，父母带两个四岁孩子的最优惠价格是12＋12＝24英镑。故选D。
6．A 细节理解题。根据Verdict(评价)部分“8/10．An unstuffy educational, gentle day-trip attraction with friendly, knowledgeable staff．(8/10。一个充满教育气息、温和的一日游景点，拥有友好、知识渊博的工作人员。)”可知，该处景点评价很高。故选A。
C
(2023·河南省焦作市普通高中高三二模)
The Rocks Guided Walking Tour
Overview
Search the history of Sydney on a leisurely 90-minute walking tour in The Rocks district with an expert guide．Enjoy the delights of present-day visuals as you explore The Rocks and as you discover shady courtyards and hidden areas that even the locals do not know about．
What to Expect
Meet your guide at the starting point in The Rocks district．From there, visit historic sites and hear stories about the city from a guide．The walking tour, which covers 1．2 miles at a leisurely pace, focuses on the neighborhood located under the Sydney Harbour Bridge．You can wander around the area's cobbled stone streets, alleyways and courtyards．The tour includes stops at Campbells Cove, the Garrison Church, which is known as the Church of Holy Trinity, etc．Plus, you can see the shoreline of Sydney Cove as well as views of Sydney Opera House．
Important Information
·Confirmation will be received at the time of booking．
·Children must be accompanied by an adult．
·Small groups (no more than 20 people)．
·It operates in all weather conditions, please dress to the predicted weather conditions appropriate for an outdoor activity．
·Comfortable walking shoes, hat and a bottle of water are suggested．
·The tour is wheelchair accessible．However, be prepared for uneven surfaces at the visited sites which may be difficult for those with walking disabilities．
Departure Point: 35 Harrington St, The Rocks NSW 2000, Australia．
Duration: 90 minutes．
Return Detail: Return to original departure point．
7．What can the visitors enjoy during the tour？
A．Different villages．
B．Remote courtyards．
C．The mountain landscape．
D．The view of the sea．
8．What should the visitors prepare for the tour？
A．Suitable clothing．
B．Many books．
C．Enough food．
D．Some wheelchairs．
9．Where does the tour start？
A．In Sydney Opera House．
B．At Campbells Cove．
C．At 35 Harrington St．
D．In the Garrison Church．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了悉尼岩石区徒步旅行的相关情况。
7．D 细节理解题。根据What to Expect部分“Plus, you can see the shoreline of Sydney Cove as well as views of Sydney Opera House．(此外，您还可以看到悉尼湾的海岸线以及悉尼歌剧院的景色。)”可知，游客在这个旅行中能欣赏到海景。故选D。
8．A 细节理解题。根据Important Information部分“It operates in all weather conditions, please dress to the predicted weather conditions appropriate for an outdoor activity．(它可以在所有天气条件下运行，请按照适合户外活动的预测天气条件着装。)”可知，游客要根据天气情况选择合适的服装。故选A。
9．C 细节理解题。根据“Departure Point: 35 Harrington St, The Rocks NSW 2000, Australia．(出发地点：澳大利亚新南威尔士州岩石区2000哈灵顿大街35号。)”可知，哈灵顿大街35号是这个旅行开始的地方。故选C。
D
(2023·四川省大数据精准教学联盟高三一模)
Chicago has all the offerings you would expect from a major city．If you plan to spend a wonderful time here, just see the followings：
Museum of Science and Industry
5700 S．Lake Shore Drive
Price: $21 for adults; $12 for kids 3-17
Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry shows more than 35,000 artifacts and a variety of hands-on exhibits．Displays here cater to all types of curious minds: feel the physics of a tornado in “Science Storms” and see baby chicks at the Genetics, etc．
Art Institute of Chicago
111 S．Michigan Ave
Price: $25 for adults; $19 for kids 3-17
Home to one of the country's most impressive collections of impressionist art, the Art Institute of Chicago features nearly 300,000 works from all over the world in its collection．Highlights include pieces from famous artists like Van Gogh and Monet．
Skydeck Chicago at the Willis Tower
233 S．Wacker Drive
Price: $30 for adults; $22 for kids 3-17
On the 103rd floor of the 110-story Willis Tower, the third-tallest building in North America, Skydeck Chicago is famous for breathtaking views of the city．Visit on a sunny day and you may be able to see 4 states．
Navy Pier
600 E．Grand Ave
Price: Free
Navy Pier offers a family-friendly entertainment．Kids enjoy their rides on a drop tower while grown-ups catch a show at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater or grab a drink at the Navy Pier Beer Garden．Beautiful fireworks displays light up the skies on Wednesday and Saturday nights．
10．Where can impressionist art fans go to appreciate works？
A．5700 S．Lake Shore Drive．
B．111 S．Michigan Ave．
C．233 S．Wacker Drive．
D．600 E．Grand Ave．
11．How much will a couple with a child aged 6 pay if they enjoy a bird view of Chicago？
A．$60． B．$64．
C．$69． D．$82．
12．What can people do at Navy Pier？
A．Enjoy a beer．
B．Make fireworks．
C．Observe baby chicks．
D．Discover secrets of tornadoes．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了芝加哥地区的几个旅游景点。
10．B 细节理解题。根据Art Institute of Chicago部分中的“Home to one of the country's most impressive collections of impressionist art, the Art Institute of Chicago features nearly 300,000 works from all over the world in its collection．(芝加哥艺术学院拥有全国最令人印象深刻的印象派艺术收藏之一，收藏了来自世界各地的近30万件作品。)”可知，印象派作品爱好者需要到Art Institute of Chicago，其地址为111 S．Michigan Ave。故选B。
11．D 细节理解题。根据Skydeck Chicago at the Willis Tower部分中的“Price: $30 for adults; $22 for kids 3-17”可知，在此处可以鸟瞰芝加哥，根据价目表可知费用是30×2＋22＝82。故选D。
12．A 细节理解题。根据Navy Pier部分中的“Kids enjoy their rides on a drop tower while grown-ups catch a show at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater or grab a drink at the Navy Pier Beer Garden．(孩子们在降落塔上享受游乐设施，而成年人则在芝加哥莎士比亚剧院观看表演，或在海军码头啤酒花园喝一杯。)”可知，人们可以在此享用啤酒。故选A。第二部分 专题一 第2讲
A
(2023·湖南省邵阳市高三二模)
Heading out of the Scottish Borders and west into Dumfries & Galloway, there are plenty of sights still to see on the journey．
GREY MARE's TAIL
As one of the UK's highest waterfalls, Grey Mare's Tail is well worth a stop．Park up at the car park, and just along a short path, you can stand and admire this tall, natural feature as the water pours down the hanging valley．On the other side from the first path is a second path, following the path, and you'll reach Loch Skeen, a beautiful glassy swimming pool of mountain water available for travellers．
MOFFAT
After you walk head to nearby Moffat for a short stroll around the town, you can have something to eat in one of the cafes or restaurants．If you've got time to spare, Moffat is Europe's first Dark Sky Town, so as soon as the sun sets, you get a better view of the night sky thanks to the special street lighting．
WANLOCKHEAD
Take a drive further west into Dumfries & Galloway and you'll soon reach the dizzy heights of not just the south of Scotland, but all of Scotland! Wanlockhead is Scotland's highest village, which won't come as a surprise once you're there．
CRAWICK MULTIVERSE
Just a short drive from the highest village is a good place to stretch your legs and see a different place on the area's local industry．Crawick Multiverse has used landscape art to transform a former open cast coal mine into a 55-acre artland, visitor attraction and public space．
1．What's special about Grey Mare's Tail？
A．Its water is the purest．
B．You can swim in Loch Skeen．
C．There is a famous valley there．
D．It's the largest waterfall in the US．
2．Which of the following is the highest altitude in Scotland？
A．Dumfries & Galloway．
B．Dark Sky Town．
C．Wanlockhead．
D．Crawick Multiverse．
3．Which column of the website can you read this text？
A．Culture． B．Advertisement．
C．Education． D．Travel．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰的四处特色景点。
1．B 细节理解题。根据GREY MARE'S TAIL部分“On the other side from the first path is a second path, following the path, and you'll reach Loch Skeen, a beautiful glassy swimming pool of mountain water available for travellers．(在第一条路的另一边是第二条路，沿着这条路走，你会到达Loch Skeen，一个美丽的玻璃般的山间游泳池，供旅行者使用。)”可知，Grey Mare's Tail的特别之处在于你可以在Loch Skeen游泳。故选B。
2．C 细节理解题。根据WANLOCKHEAD部分“Wanlockhead is Scotland's highest village, which won't come as a surprise once you're there．(Wanlockhead是苏格兰海拔最高的村庄，一旦你到了那里就不会感到惊讶了。)”可知，Wanlockhead是苏格兰海拔最高的地方。故选C。
3．D 语篇出处题。根据第一段“Heading out of the Scottish Borders and west into Dumfries & Galloway, there are plenty of sights still to see on the journey．(从苏格兰边境出发，向西进入Dumfries和Galloway，在旅途中还有很多景点要看。)”可知，本文主要介绍了苏格兰的四处特色景点，读者可以在网站上旅游专栏读到这篇文章。故选D。
B
(2023·四川省南充市高三一模)
In the past 60 or so years, American parents' approach to naming their kids has undergone a profound shift．Today, many parents seek out less popular names to help their kids stand out．But in the past, parents typically picked common names, consciously or not, so that their kids would fit in．
“We are deep in an era of naming individuality where parents assume that having a name which sounds distinctive and unique is a virtue，” Laura Wattenberg, the founder of the naming-trends site Namerology, said, “how parents are thinking about naming kids is more like how companies think about naming products, which is a kind of competitive marketplace where you need to be able to get attention to succeed．”
There were signs that people were tired of names that were too popular．Cleveland Evans, a professor emeritus of psychology at Bellevue University and an expert on names, said that there was a 1953 song titled John, John, John, which included the lines “Every Tom, Dick, and Harry's called John．Can't we give this little guy a break and call him something new？”
This tune signaled the coming turn toward novelty and distinctiveness that took hold in the 1960s．It was driven by a number of broader shifts in daily life．As family sizes shrunk and kids stopped doing labor, Americans “started to fixate on the uniqueness of each child，” as the sociologist Philip Cohen has written, and “individuality emerged as a project—starting with naming —of creating an identity．”
Another crucial change is that in the 1960s parents started gaining access to data on baby-naming trends, according to Evans．Books informed parents which names were popular—and, by extension, which overexposed names they might want to avoid of this has brought us to an era of exceptionally varied names, which, in a way, represents its own kind of conformity: trying not to be like everyone else makes you just like everyone else．
4．What does the underlined word “virtue” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．A good quality．
B．A moral standard．
C．An attractive habit．
D．An obvious advantage．
5．Why is the song John, John, John mentioned in Paragraph 3？
A．To show that the song was widely spread．
B．To show that John was a child everyone liked．
C．To show that the name John was too overexposed．
D．To show that the name John was something quite new．
6．What caused the profound shift of naming kids in America？
A．The larger family sizes and less labor for children．
B．Parents' concerns about the novelty and distinctiveness．
C．Some books showing which names are appropriate for children．
D．The changes in daily life and the access to the naming trend．
7．What's the author's attitude towards the profound shift of naming kids in America？
A．Doubtful． B．Optimistic．
C．Ambiguous． D．Indifferent．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在近六十年的时间里，美国家长给孩子起名字逐渐从过去起大众化的普通的名字，到现在倾向于个性化的名字的转变。
4．D 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Today, many parents seek out less popular names to help their kids stand out．(如今，许多父母为了让孩子脱颖而出，会取一些不那么流行的名字。)”可知，今天，家长们认为给孩子起一个与众不同的名字，会让他脱颖而出，成为一个明显的优势。结合画线词所在句“We are deep in an era of naming individuality where parents assume that having a name which sounds distinctive and unique is a virtue(我们深深地陷入了一个命名个性化的时代，父母认为拥有一个听起来与众不同的名字是一种virtue)”可知，听起来与众不同的名字应该是一个明显的优势。故选D。
5．C 推理判断题。根据第三段“There were signs that people were tired of names that were too popular．(有迹象表明，人们已经厌倦了过于流行的名字。)”和“Can't we give this little guy a break and call him something new？(我们就不能让这小家伙停一下，给他取个新名字吗？)”可知，这首歌被提到是为了说明John这个名字使用太频繁了、曝光过度了。故选C。
6．D 细节理解题。根据第四段“It was driven by a number of broader shifts in daily life．(这是由日常生活中一些更广泛的变化所推动的。)”和最后一段“Another crucial change is that in the 1960s parents started gaining access to data on baby-naming trends(另一个重要的变化是，在20世纪60年代，父母们开始获得有关婴儿取名趋势的数据)”可知，日常生活的变化和取名趋势数据的获得导致了美国孩子取名的极大的改变。故选D。
7．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Books informed parents which names were popular—and, by extension, which overexposed names they might want to avoid of this has brought us to an era of exceptionally varied names, which, in a way, represents its own kind of conformity: trying not to be like everyone else makes you just like everyone else．(书本告诉父母哪些名字是受欢迎的，进而告诉他们哪些名字曝光过多，他们可能要避免，这将我们带入了一个名字异常多样的时代，在某种程度上，这代表了一种从众性：努力不要像其他人一样，会让你和其他人一样。)”可知，作者认为美国父母希望给孩子取一个与众不同的名字，但实际上可能会适得其反，因而持怀疑态度。故选A。
C
(2023·河南省名校青桐鸣高考考前模拟)
There are many apps that use mobile phone cameras and other devices that might surprise you．
Seek by iNaturalist
To use it, simply take a picture or point your camera at a plant, insect, or animal, and you'll get important information about it．It includes the target's scientific name, common name, seasonal nature, and a description of its appearance, among other information．
From Seed to Spoon
You can add fruits and vegetables you'd like to grow on a virtual “Grow Box” from a list of images．It will then give seed-starting, removing and replanting, and harvesting dates for those plants based on your location using satellite data．The free version of the app also provides information on each crop's requirements for temperature, sunlight, water, and fertilizer．
Picture This
Picture This will identify your plant and provide information about it from a picture on your phone's camera．It will show health information, its scientific name, where it can be found, common uses, harvesting time, and how to produce new plants from your existing plant．It also will show sunlight, soil, water, and fertilizer requirements．You can pay $29．99 a year for the paid version, which provides treatment information for sick plants．The free version will, however, identify a disease from a picture of a sick plant．
Apple Visual Look Up
Apple Visual Look Up is an AI feature for iPhone and iPad．It will identify plants, flowers, insects, birds, and other animals shown in any photo．Using an Apple product running iOS16 or iPadOS16, you can use the feature by choosing a photo in your phone, then touching the “info” image below it．It is the letter “I” in a circle with stars above it．
8．Which app can provide transplanting advice？
A．Picture This．
B．From Seed to Spoon．
C．Seek by iNaturalist．
D．Apple Visual Look Up．
9．What does the paid version of Picture This offer users about sick plants？
A．Why they get sick．
B．What they look like．
C．Whether to protect them．
D．How to treat them．
10．Who might favor the text？
A．Gardeners． B．Photographers．
C．App designers． D．Phone dealers．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款能提供专业的园艺规划和种植建议的应用软件。
8．B 细节理解题。根据From Seed to Spoon中的“It will then give seed-starting, removing and replanting, and harvesting dates for those plants based on your location using satellite data．The free version of the app also provides information on each crop's requirements for temperature, sunlight, water, and fertilizer．(然后，它将根据你使用卫星数据的位置，为这些植物提供种子开始、移除、重新种植和收获日期。该应用程序的免费版本还提供了每种作物对温度、阳光、水和肥料的需求信息。)”可知，From Seed to Spoon可以提供移栽植物方面的建议。故选B。
9．D 细节理解题。根据Picture This中的“You can pay $29．99 a year for the paid version, which provides treatment information for sick plants．(你可以每年支付29．99美元购买付费版本，该版本为生病的植物提供治疗信息。)”可知，Picture This的付费版本可以给用户提供生病植物的治疗方案。故选D。
10．A 读者对象题。根据第一段“There are many apps that use mobile phone cameras and other devices that might surprise you．(有许多使用手机摄像头和其他设备的应用程序可能会让你大吃一惊。)”及其对四个软件的描述可知，这篇文章主要针对的是园艺爱好者。故选A。
D
(2023·福建省厦门市高三二模)
The Mustard Seed Project is getting closer to one of its initiatives—building affordable senior housing on the Key Peninsula, Washington．
The Nonprofit carries out the project so that people don't have to leave the Key Peninsula as they age and have home care needs．“We hope to build in Key Center, a good central location for our community．Our vision is to have a campus with a cafe and meeting spaces, 10 independent living cottages that have one or two bedrooms with laundry, housekeeping and one meal a day provided, and then assisted living for 30 residents，” said board president Sara Thompson．“We want this to be a place that draws the entire community in, rather than a setting that sets elders aside in an isolated environment．”
More than a year ago, a longtime supporter of the organization made a major gift to undertake a long-desired study to understand both the needs of the community and the financial feasibility(可行性) for senior housing．As a result, The Mustard Seed Project had a meeting in November at the Key Peninsula Civic Center to explain the results of the study and to plan for the next steps．
“We'll be applying for a predevelopment loan to do all the necessary planning，” The Mustard Seed Project Executive Director Edie Morgan said．“We're aware of affordable loans for the assisted living section of the project, and can get standard financing for the other buildings．But there will be a funding gap, and we expect to need to raise nearly $3 million to make this happen．I believe we can do it．”
The entire project, once the project manager is identified, is expected to take about two years．
11．Why is the organization building affordable senior housing？
A．To offer free assistance to seniors．
B．To create job opportunities for residents．
C．To provide access to aging in place．
D．To improve facilities for the community．
12．What do we learn about the organization from Paragraph 3？
A．It holds meetings regularly．
B．It prepares holiday gifts for elders．
C．It adapts to sponsors' needs．
D．It takes the housing project seriously．
13．What is Morgan mainly talking about？
A．Sources of funds．
B．Application for loans．
C．Costs for construction．
D．Distribution of donations．
14．Why is the text written？
A．To attract more visitors．
B．To introduce an organization．
C．To report a project．
D．To entertain the seniors．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非营利组织开展的“芥菜籽项目”正在接近它的一项倡议——在华盛顿的Key Peninsula建造经济适用的老年住房。
11．C 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Nonprofit carries out the project so that people don't have to leave the Key Peninsula as they age and have home care needs．(非营利组织开展了这个项目，这样人们就不必随着年龄的增长和家庭护理的需求而离开Key Peninsula。)”可知，这个组织要建造保障性老年住房是为就地养老提供方便。故选C。
12．D 推理判断题。根据第三段“More than a year ago, a longtime supporter of the organization made a major gift to undertake a long-desired study to understand both the needs of the community and the financial feasibility (可行性) for senior housing．As a result, The Mustard Seed Project had a meeting in November at the Key Peninsula Civic Center to explain the results of the study and to plan for the next steps．(一年多前，该组织的一位长期支持者捐赠了一笔巨款，用于进行一项渴望已久的研究，以了解社区的需求和老年人住房的财务可行性。因此，芥菜籽项目于11月在Key Peninsula市民中心召开了一次会议，解释了研究结果，并计划了下一步的工作。)”可知，这个组织认真对待住房项目。故选D。
13．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘We'll be applying for a predevelopment loan to do all the necessary planning，’The Mustard Seed Project Executive Director Edie Morgan said．‘We're aware of affordable loans for the assisted living section of the project, and can get standard financing for the other buildings．But there will be a funding gap, and we expect to need to raise nearly $3 million to make this happen．I believe we can do it．’(‘我们将申请开发前贷款来做所有必要的规划，’芥菜籽项目执行董事Edie Morgan说。‘我们知道该项目的辅助生活部分有可负担的贷款，也可以为其他建筑获得标准融资。但是会有资金缺口，我们预计需要筹集近300万美元来实现这一目标。我相信我们能做到。’)”可知，Morgan主要在谈论资金的来源。故选A。
14．C 写作意图题。根据第二段“The Nonprofit carries out the project so that people don't have to leave the Key Peninsula as they age and have home care needs．(非营利组织开展了这个项目，这样人们就不必随着年龄的增长和家庭护理的需求而离开Key Peninsula。)”可知，本文写作目的是为了报告一个项目。故选C。第二部分 专题一 第3讲
A
(2023·湖北省武汉市高考考前模拟)
Quantum theory(量子理论) is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever．Yet, a century after its birth, something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory．It does not tell us how physical systems behave．Instead, it treats any physical system as a black box: if you do this to it now, it will react like that later．What happens in between The theory simply doesn't tell us．
An idea has recently begun to catch on．Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about what lies behind quantum theory．Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else．Perhaps this is precisely what “properties” are: the effects of interactions．
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup．Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup's surface．Its being “a teacup” refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn't know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless．As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world．
Then, it comes with a lesson．We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions, not individuals．This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate．Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes．It misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self-defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human-kind faces as a whole．
1．What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text？
A．How physical systems behave．
B．How to treat physical systems．
C．What effects one has on itself．
D．What the structure of reality is．
2．How does the author explain “the effects of interactions”？
A．By giving an example．
B．By making a comparison．
C．By quoting a scientist．
D．By conducting a survey．
3．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A．The consequence we bear．
B．The theory in classic games．
C．The fortunes individuals have．
D．The way to measure success．
4．What is the main purpose of the text？
A．To clarify a physics theory．
B．To draw attention to interaction．
C．To challenge a popular idea．
D．To present reflections on games．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了量子理论向我们揭示了现实的深层结构以及相互作用的影响。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else．(也许它确实向我们揭示了现实的深层结构，一种属性只不过是影响另一种属性的东西。)”可知，量子理论可能告诉我们现实的结构是什么。故选D。
2．A 推理判断题。根据第三段“Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup．Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup's surface．Its being ‘a teacup’ refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn't know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless．As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world．(想想一个简单的物体，比如一个蓝色的茶杯。杯子是蓝色的并不仅仅是杯子的特性：我们大脑中的颜色是我们眼睛的某种生物结构的结果，也是日光和杯子表面相互作用的结果。‘茶杯’指的是它作为一个饮用容器的潜在功能：对于一个不知道喝茶的外星人来说，茶杯的概念本身毫无意义。正如量子理论所表明的那样：它们是由它们与世界其他部分的物理相互作用来定义的。)”可知，作者举例说明解释“相互作用的影响”。故选A。
3．D 代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes．”以及后文“misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self-defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence”可知，我们用个人的财富来衡量成功，这太愚蠢了，这种衡量成功的方法误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果。所以it指的是“衡量成功的方法”。故选D。
4．B 写作意图题。根据最后一段“We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions, not individuals．This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate．Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual's fortunes．It misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self-defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human-kind faces as a whole．(如果我们从相互作用而不是个体的角度来考虑现实，我们就能更好地理解现实。这就是为什么在经典博弈论中，长期的赢家是那些合作的人。我们用个人的财富来衡量成功，这太愚蠢了。它误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果，阻碍我们应对全人类共同面临的挑战。)”可知，文章的主要目的是吸引人们对相互作用的注意。故选B。
B
(2023·四川省成都市高中毕业班二模)
Chinese ink paintings once were on the edge of being forgotten—at least according to a paper of Li Xiaoshan, a postgraduate art student．
At the time, many Chinese painting professionals passed away without finding younger artists to fill their shoes．Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs and define themselves as artists．While extremely exaggerated (夸张), Li's comment sent shock waves through the Chinese painting community．Since then, many experimental painters have taken to their studios in China, creating many astonishing and inspirational ink paintings using new methods and concepts, marking an important step for the development of contemporary Chinese paintings．
Shao Ge is a representative of this new form．Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962, Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings．As a child, he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum．There was an elder neighbor, who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy．In his spare time, the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao．Some years later, Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school．After graduating in the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978, Shao was sent to work at a small crafts factory．Before long, the factory went bankrupt．Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for Rong Bao Zhai, a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672．This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings．
“At first, I just drew everything—landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, and fish，” Shao said．“But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would be a brake on my development as a professional painter．For this reason, I decided to innovate my own style．”
5．What do the underlined words “fill their shoes” mean in Paragraph 2？
A．Calm them down．
B．Ask them for help．
C．Focus on themselves．
D．Take over their roles．
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly introduce about Shao Ge？
A．His journey to art．
B．His family background．
C．His neighbor's influence．
D．His passion for learning．
7．What will be probably talked about in the next paragraph？
A．People's view of Shao's painting．
B．Shao's impact on Chinese painting．
C．The development of traditional painting．
D．Shao's successful experiment in painting．
8．In which column of a newspaper can this text probably be found？
A．Fashion． B．Feature．
C．Education． D．Literature．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国当代实验水墨家代表人物——邵戈，介绍了其成名过程以及艺术特色。
5．D 词句猜测题。根据第二段“At the time, many Chinese painting professionals passed away (当时，许多中国画专业人士去世了)”可知，老一辈的国画家去世了；而根据画线短语下一句“Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs (年轻的艺术家们只能靠自己去寻找突破)”可知，年轻的艺术家们只有靠自己，老一辈国画家去世后，年轻的艺术家们还未具有取代他们的地位的能力。所以fill their shoes为“接管他们的角色，取代他们的地位”之意。故选D。
6．A 段落大意题。根据第三段“Shao Ge is a representative of this new form．Born to an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962, Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings．．．This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings．(邵戈就是这种新形式的代表。邵戈1962年出生于北京的一个普通家庭，他热衷于中国画。小时候，他花了很多时间盯着故宫博物院的水墨杰作。有一个年长的邻居，他擅长中国画和书法。闲暇时，这位慈祥的老人给小邵讲起了中国传统文化。若干年后，邵戈高中毕业后决定学习绘画。1978年，邵戈从北京工艺美术学校毕业后，被送到一家小工艺品厂工作。不久，这家工厂就破产了。邵戈后来通过考试，成为1672年成立的中国著名美术馆荣宝斋的画家。这一事业上的飞跃让邵戈走上了水墨画的道路。)”可知，本段主要介绍了邵戈追求艺术的道路。故选A。
7．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘At first, I just drew everything—landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, and fish，’Shao said．‘But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would be a brake on my development as a professional painter．For this reason, I decided to innovate my own style．’(‘一开始，我什么都画——风景、人物、花鸟和鱼，’邵说。‘但我很快发现，坚持中国画的传统思想和技巧会阻碍我成为一名职业画家。因此，我决定创新自己的风格。’)”可知，下文将讲述邵戈如何开始走上实验水墨画的道路并取得成功。故选D。
8．B 语篇出处题。根据第三段“Shao Ge is a representative of this new form．．．Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for Rong Bao Zhai, a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672．This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings．(邵戈就是这种新形式的代表。邵戈1962年出生于北京的一个普通家庭，他热衷于中国画。小时候，他花了很多时间盯着故宫博物院的水墨杰作。有一个年长的邻居，他擅长中国画和书法。闲暇时，这位慈祥的老人给小邵讲起了中国传统文化。若干年后，邵戈高中毕业后决定学习绘画。1978年，邵戈从北京工艺美术学校毕业后，被送到一家小工艺品厂工作。不久，这家工厂就破产了。邵戈后来通过考试，成为了1672年成立的中国著名美术馆荣宝斋的画家。这一事业上的飞跃让邵戈走上了水墨画的道路。)”可知，本文主要介绍了中国实验水墨家代表人邵戈，所以这篇文章会出现在人物介绍专栏。故选B。
C
(2023·安徽省宿州市高三一模)
Weeds compete for soil nutrients, water, space, and sunlight with the crops farmers grow to help feed people．Now a third-generation weeding robot, armed with lasers and powered by AI, offers a perfect labor-saving device．
Trundling(移动)down a row of crops, a battery of twelve cameras scan the ground, identifying weeds through machine—learning and killing them with a CO2 laser．CO2 lasers use reactions between nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen to generate powerful beams of light that are concentrated through mirrors inside the laser．
The Autonomous Weeder by Carbon Robotics can root out 100,000 weeds per hour, and clear 15-20 acres in a single day—numbers that require a person working an entire season to match．The robot's onboard supercomputer ensures millimeter precision with its laser so as to avoid accidentally clipping(剪掉) crops．
“This is one of the most creative and valuable technologies that I've seen as a farmer，” said James Johnson of Carzalia Farm in a statement, who has used Carbon Robotics' technology on his farm．“I expect the robots to go mainstream because of how effectively they address some of farming's most critical issues, including the overuse of chemicals, process efficiency, and labor．The sky is the limit．” It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at “hundreds of thousands of dollars”．
The de-weeding method of the robot is Certified Organic and in line with regenerative farming practices．Cost-effective weed control is the biggest barrier to entry with organic farming, and agriculturalists looking to make the switch finally have an alternative to help them get their vegetables out to people．
9．Which part of the weeder helps clear grass precisely？
A．The CO2 laser．
B．The battery of cameras．
C．Mirrors inside the laser．
D．The onboard supercomputer．
10．does the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit．” mean in Paragraph 4？
A．The robots won't spread widely．
B．The invention is very promising．
C．The weeder addresses limited issues．
D．The technology needs further improvement．
11．What does James think of the weeder？
A．Flexible．
B．Affordable．
C．Energy-saving．
D．Environment-friendly．
12．What can be inferred about the weeder from the last paragraph？
A．It contributes to a higher output．
B．It helps develop organic farming．
C．It will replace humans in farming．
D．It isn't accepted by agriculturalists．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种除草设备，它既可以节约人力，同时也可以避免除草剂的使用。
9．D 细节理解题。根据第三段“The robot's onboard supercomputer ensures millimeter precision with its laser so as to avoid accidentally clipping (剪掉) crops．(该机器人的机载超级计算机通过其激光确保毫米级精度，以避免意外修剪作物。)”可知，除草机搭载的超级计算机能够保证除草更精准。故选D。
10．B 句意猜测题。根据画线句后句“It's no surprise that the 2021 model of the Autonomous Weeder has already sold out, even considering its price tag which was quoted at ‘hundreds of thousands of dollars’．(毫不奇怪，2021的自主除草机已经售罄，即使考虑到它的报价是‘数十万美元’。)”可知，除草机非常实用，2021年的除草机已经卖完，由此可知，这款机器非常有前景。故选B。
11．D 推理判断题。根据第四段“I expect the robots to go mainstream because of how effectively they address some of farming's most critical issues, including the overuse of chemicals, process efficiency, and labor．(我预计机器人将成为主流，因为它能解决农业中一些最关键的问题，包括化学品的过度使用、加工效率和劳动力。)”可知，James认为除草机是环保的。故选D。
12．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The de-weeding method of the robot is Certified Organic and in line with regenerative farming practices．Cost-effective weed control is the biggest barrier to entry with organic farming, and agriculturalists looking to make the switch finally have an alternative to help them get their vegetables out to people．(该机器人的除草方法是有机认证的，符合再生农业实践。成本效益高的杂草控制是有机农业进入市场的最大障碍，希望实现这一转变的农学家最终找到了替代办法，帮助他们将蔬菜推广到人们手中。)”可知，最后一段告诉我们除草机可帮助农民发展有机农业。故选B。
D
(2023·四川省成都市高三一模)
Can you imagine someone hunting you down with a gun Most of us would be terrified．So, it's no surprise that that's how animals respond, too．
Orcas, a species that have been systematically hunted—even with machine guns—dramatically decreased in number in the twentieth century．These so-called “killer whales” hunted the same fish that fishermen prized and were therefore seen as competition．Consequently, killer whales began avoiding certain locations and routes．But while North America largely banned their killing in the 1970s, they continue to be hunted in Greenland to this day．
Elephants also have to deal with human hunters．Ivory poachers(象牙偷猎者)have greatly reduced the African elephant population, which used to cover the entire continent．The ivory trade was banned in 1990, but animal habitats and food supplies have still declined．In Kenya, the human population has increased four times over the last 40 years while the elephant population declined by four-fifths．
This has caused the elephants to adopt unique responses to people．For instance, elephants are terrified of the spear-waving Maasai, an ethnic group of Kenya and Tanzania who have often hurt elephants when trying to protect their own cattle．
So once in an experiment by a group of zoologists, when elephants living close to the Maasai were presented with three different T-shirts, one belonging to a Maasai, another to a different local and one to a researcher, they only reacted with fear to the Maasai shirt, literally smelling the danger．
However, neither elephants nor killer whales commonly show anger and hate for people．In fact, elephants are generally friendly to humans．And the only instances of killer whales harming a person occurred when the whales were kept in a water cage．Orcas have even been reported to aid humans in need, protecting them from other animals．
13．Why are killer whales often hunted？
A．They are hugely profitable．
B．They harm people's interests．
C．They threaten fishermen's safety．
D．They compete with other wildlife for food．
14．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
A．Less illegal ivory trade．
B．The decline of food supplies．
C．Elephants' travelling to other continents．
D．The population change of humans and elephants．
15．Why is the experiment mentioned？
A．To prove humans' influence on animals．
B．To show the defensive nature of the Maasai．
C．To illustrate the cleverness of the wild animals．
D．To highlight the urgency of animal conservation．
16．What's the best title of this text？
A．Fierce Animals Can Feel Frightened Too
B．Animal Kingdoms Are Sounding an Alarm
C．Animals Are Trying to Fit in Human World
D．Human Actions Have Shaped Animal Consciousness
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是说人类对动物的行为已经影响了动物对人类的感知。
13．B 推理判断题。根据第二段“These so-called ‘killer whales’hunted the same fish that fishermen prized and were therefore seen as competition．(这些所谓的‘虎鲸’捕食的是渔民们珍视的同种鱼类，因此被视为竞争对手。)”可知，因为虎鲸捕食的是渔民们珍视的同种鱼类，也就是说它们伤害到了人们的利益，所以它们才会被人们猎杀。故选B。
14．D 代词指代题。画线词所在的句子是一个承上启下的句子，所以this指的是上文提到的内容，而第三段最后一句“In Kenya, the human population has increased four times over the last 40 years while the elephant population declined by four-fifths．(在肯尼亚，在过去的40年里，人口数量增加了4倍，而大象的数量减少了五分之四。)”说的是人口的增加和大象数量的减少，由此可知，This代指人类和大象的数量变化。故选D。
15．A 推理判断题。根据第四段“For instance, elephants are terrified of the spear-waving Maasai, an ethnic group of Kenya and Tanzania who have often hurt elephants when trying to protect their own cattle．(例如，大象害怕挥舞长矛的马赛人，这是肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的一个民族，他们在试图保护自己的牲畜时经常伤害大象。)”和第五段“So once in an experiment by a group of zoologists, when elephants living close to the Maasai were presented with three different T-shirts, one belonging to a Maasai, another to a different local and one to a researcher, they only reacted with fear to the Maasai shirt, literally smelling the danger．(因此，在一组动物学家的一次实验中，当生活在马赛人附近的大象看到三种不同的T恤时，一件属于马赛人，一件属于不同的当地人，一件属于研究人员，它们对马赛人的T恤只表现出恐惧，实际上是嗅到了危险。)”可知，大象害怕马赛人的T恤，是因为它们嗅到了危险。所以实验的目的是为了证明人类对动物的影响。故选A。
16．D 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Can you imagine someone hunting you down with a gun Most of us would be terrified．So, it's no surprise that that's how animals respond, too．(你能想象有人拿着枪追杀你吗？我们大多数人都会害怕。所以，动物也会有这样的反应也就不足为奇了。)”可知，文章主要讲的是人类对动物的行为已经影响了动物对人类的感知。所以D项“Human Actions Have Shaped Animal Consciousness(人类的行为塑造了动物的意识)”作为文章的题目与主题相符。故选D。第二部分 专题一 第4讲
A
(2023·河南省焦作市普通高中高三二模)
An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study．The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested．
While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person's 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted．Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline．
The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check．Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes．Fixed straight ahead．Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted．
The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men．Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup．Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died．The proportion(比例) of deaths among those who failed the test (17．5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4．5%)．
The research was observational and didn't reveal cause and effect．The study didn't look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity．
The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure．Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test．
1．What did the participants take during the research？
A．Vision examinations．
B．Medical examinations．
C．Flexibility tests．
D．Balance tests．
2．How did the researchers get the findings？
A．By calculating the participant numbers．
B．By comparing the participants' lifetime．
C．By identifying the participants' diseases．
D．By monitoring the participants' pressure．
3．What was the research's shortcoming？
A．It had few participants．
B．It didn't last very long．
C．It lacked in-depth study．
D．It was the first research on balance．
4．What may be the best title for the text？
A．Balance determines a person's lifetime
B．The balance test should be promoted to people
C．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levels
D．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，单脚站立的能力可以反映出中老年人的健康水平。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第三段“The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check．(这项研究涉及了1,702名生活在巴西的51岁至75岁的人，他们被要求在最初的检查中单腿保持平衡。)”可知，参与者们在这项研究中做了平衡能力的测试。故选D。
2．B 推理判断题。根据第四段“Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died．The proportion(比例) of deaths among those who failed the test (17．5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4．5%)．(研究人员在最初的体检后对参与者进行了七年的监测，在此期间，7%的人死亡，未通过测试者(17．5%)的死亡率明显高于那些能够保持10秒平衡的人(4．5%)。)”可知， 研究者们通过对比参与者的寿命得出研究结论。故选B。
3．C 推理判断题。根据第五段“The research was observational and didn't reveal cause and effect．The study didn't look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity．(这项研究是观察性的，没有揭示因果关系，这项研究没有考察任何可能解释平衡能力差与长寿之间联系的生物学机制。)”可知，这项研究欠缺深入的研究。故选C。
4．C 标题归纳题。根据第一段“An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study．(根据一项新的研究，如果在晚年不能单腿站立10秒钟，那么在未来10年内因任何原因死亡的风险将增加近一倍。)”和最后一段“The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure．(研究指出，总体而言，未通过测试的人健康状况较差，患有肥胖症、心脏病和高血压的比例更高。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要说明了单脚站立的能力可以反映出一个人的健康状况。故选C。
B
(2023·安徽省黄山市高三一模)
Cimabue, the greatest painter in medieval(中世纪的)Italy, was surprised one day when he came back from his lunch break and discovered a fly was under the nose of a character he had been working on．So he reached out to touch the insect．To his surprise, he found only wet paint．Turning around, he saw that his apprentice(学徒), Giotto di Bondone, was doing everything he could to keep from laughing．Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled．
Giotto was born into a poor farming family．Legend has it that one day when Cimabue was walking around the countryside, he spotted a young shepherd(牧羊人)boy．The boy was not tending his sheep．Instead, he was drawing pictures of them, and the sheep he drew were so lifelike that Cimabue stopped to ask the boy his name．The boy replied that it was Giotto, and Cimabue immediately asked him to come to Florence so that the young shepherd could learn how to paint．
In the Middle Ages, an artist not only had to concern himself with things like design and technique, but he also had to learn how to make paints．Almost all artists were men, and they began their apprenticeships at an early age．An apprentice's job was to copy his master as exactly as he could．The unfortunate result of this imitation(模仿)was a lack of new ideas．
In fact, art in the Middle Ages remained the same for hundreds of years．The people in paintings didn't look like real people, and the symbolism of art was often so remote that it must have been difficult for viewers to connect with it on a personal level．Giotto used many techniques that were uncommon at the time to bring the paintings to life for viewers．He painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall people that other artists painted．He created three-dimensional space by using perspective, something that had not been done since Roman times．Finally, he threw out parts of the symbolism associated with medieval painting．
5．Why does the author mention the fly event in Paragraph 1？
A．To indicate Giotto drew better than Cimabue．
B．To indicate Giotto liked making fun of others．
C．To show the fly painted by Giotto looked real．
D．To show Cimabue disliked painting flies very much．
6．What was Giotto doing when Cimabue first met him according to legend？
A．He was taking a walk．
B．He was feeding sheep．
C．He was playing with a shepherd boy．
D．He was drawing pictures．
7．What is typical of medieval artists？
A．Lacking creativity．
B．Having an unhappy childhood．
C．Having a short period of apprenticeship．
D．Supporting themselves by making paints．
8．What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A．Giotto's study on medieval painting．
B．The competition between medieval artists．
C．Giotto's efforts to change art in the Middle Ages．
D．The most popular forms of painting in the Middle Ages．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是意大利文艺复兴时期的著名画家Giotto di Bondone在绘画中的天赋，他在艺术创作方面的努力和取得的成就以及对艺术领域的影响。
5．C 细节理解题。根据首段“Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled．(Giotto在Cimabue不在的时候画了苍蝇，它看起来如此真实，以至于Cimabue完全被愚弄了。)”可知，Giotto所画的苍蝇很逼真。故选C。
6．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“The boy was not tending his sheep．Instead, he was drawing pictures of them, and the sheep he drew were so lifelike that Cimabue stopped to ask the boy his name．(男孩没有照看羊。相反，他正在画它们的画，他画的羊是如此逼真，以至于Cimabue停下来问男孩他的名字。)”可知，Giotto在绘画，而且所画的羊栩栩如生。故选D。
7．A 推理判断题。根据第三段“Almost all artists were men, and they began their apprenticeships at an early age．An apprentice's job was to copy his master as exactly as he could．The unfortunate result of this imitation(模仿)was a lack of new ideas．(几乎所有的艺术家都是男性，他们从小就开始做学徒。徒弟的工作是尽可能地模仿他的师傅。这种模仿的不幸结果是缺乏新的想法。)”可知，在中世纪时期，很多艺术家从学徒开始模仿师傅的绘画，最终缺乏新的想法，也就是没有创新。故选A。
8．C 段落大意题。根据尾段“Giotto used many techniques that were uncommon at the time to bring the paintings to life for viewers．He painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall people that other artists painted．He created three-dimensional space by using perspective, something that had not been done since Roman times．Finally, he threw out parts of the symbolism associated with medieval painting．(Giotto使用了许多当时不常见的技术，为观众带来了栩栩如生的画作。他按照他看到的方式画人，而不是其他艺术家画的过于高大的人。他通过使用透视创造了三维空间，这是自罗马时代以来从未做过的事情。最后，他抛弃了与中世纪绘画相关的部分象征意义。)”可知，Giotto在绘画过程中，尝试各种不常见的技术，所画人物画像与众不同，创作三维透视法，以及摒弃了中世纪绘画中的部分象征意义，所以最后一段主要是关于Giotto在改变中世纪绘画艺术做出的努力。故选C。
C
(2023·辽宁省普通高中高三二模)
Deepfake Videos of Tom Cruise Raise Concern
A series of deepfake videos of Tom Cruise have gained more than 11 million views on TikTok．The creator said he never wanted to trick people．But since he has, he's hoping the sudden influx (涌入) of attention can help bring greater awareness to the continued evolution of the technology that can create incredibly realistic fake videos of people．
“The important thing is, we didn't want to fool people at any moment，” Chris Ume, 31, the Belgian visual effects artist behind the visual deepfake, said in an interview．“If I can help in creating awareness, or even work on detection in the future, I would love to．”
Ume created the four videos, in which it appeared to show the Hollywood star playing golf, doing a magic coin trick, and falling over while telling a story．The videos went visual, attracting attention on TikTok and across the Internet．
And though most people realized quickly that the videos were fake, even experts were impressed by their quality．
“My first thought was they're incredibly well done，” said digital image expert HanyFarid, who is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and specializes in image analysis．“They are funny, and they're clever．”
But they also offer a warning: Deepfake technology that has emerged in recent years continues to evolve and improve．And while deepfake videos have not yet been effectively used in many misinformation(虚假消息) campaigns, the danger is growing．
“In the early days, you could see the potential, but it wasn't even close to being there，” Farid said．“But this felt to me like it was a real step, like we just took a big step forward in the development of this technology．”
Synthetic (合成的) digital content, otherwise known as a deepfake, can include anything from an image or video in which one person or object is visually or audibly manipulated(操纵) to say and do something that is fabricated (伪造)．
Although Ume used sophisticated visual effects editing, advancements in digital editing through smartphone apps such as Reface, Facetune and even Snapchat have made techniques like face-swapping(换脸) and image altering easier and could cause serious consequences, experts say．
9．What does the creator intend to do according to the text？
A．To attract more attention．
B．To earn much more money．
C．To play a trick on people．
D．To show technological progress．
10．What does the word underlined in Para．7 refer to？
A．The danger is increasing．
B．The technology is developing．
C．The deepfake videos are spreading widely．
D．The deepfake videos are effectively used．
11．What's the author's attitude toward the deepfake videos？
A．Negative． B．Optimistic．
C．Objective． D．Pessimistic．
12．What's the main idea of the text？
A．The deepfake videos are popular．
B．The deepfake videos raise concern．
C．The deepfake videos should be stopped．
D．The deepfake technology is advancing．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。讲述了深度伪造的关于汤姆·克鲁斯的视频获得了许多关注，并进而介绍了关于这项深度伪造技术的看法。
9．D 细节理解题。根据第一段“The creator said he never wanted to trick people．But since he has, he's hoping the sudden influx (涌入) of attention can help bring greater awareness to the continued evolution of the technology that can create incredibly realistic fake videos of people．(创作者说他从不想欺骗别人。但既然他做到了，他希望突然涌入的注意力有助于提高人们对这项技术的持续发展的认识，这项技术可以创造出关于人的令人难以置信的逼真的假视频。)”可知，这项技术的创造者通过这些视频想让人们意识到技术的进步。故选D。
10．A 词句猜测题。根据第六段“But they also offer a warning: Deepfake technology that has emerged in recent years continues to evolve and improve．And while deepfake videos have not yet been effectively used in many misinformation(虚假消息) campaigns, the danger is growing．(但它们也发出了警告：近年来出现的深度伪造技术仍在不断发展和改进。尽管深度伪造视频尚未被有效地用于许多虚假消息活动中，但危险越来越大。)”可知，伪造技术在不断发展和改进，其危险越来越大。第七段应承接上文，“In the early days, you could see the potential”进一步说明这种危险的真实性，其在早些时候已经初见端倪。potential意为“可能性”，此处表示深度伪造技术产生危险的可能性。故选A。
11．C 观点态度题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了深度伪造的关于汤姆·克鲁斯的视频获得了许多关注。根据第一段“The creator said”，第二段“Chris Ume, 31, the Belgian visual effects artist behind the visual deepfake, said in an interview”，第五段“said digital image expert HanyFarid”及最后一段“experts say”等可知，在介绍与深度伪造视频有关的事情时，作者主要引用创造者和专家的看法，全文并没有作者直接表明的观点，都是客观陈述其他人的观点，所以作者对这项技术的看法是客观的。故选C。
12．B 文章大意题。通读全文主要讲述的是深度伪造视频引发了关注，B项符合题意。故选B。
D
(2023·湖南省部分名校联盟高三冲刺压轴大联考)
There's no single known cause for autism (自闭症), but researchers now point the finger at higher lithium (锂) levels in drinking water．Their new study found that pregnant women in Denmark whose household tap water had higher levels of lithium were more likely to have kids with autism, compared to pregnant women living in areas where tap water had lower levels of this element．
“Maternal prenatal(妊娠期) exposure to lithium from naturally occurring drinking water sources in Denmark was associated with an increased autism spectrum disorder risk in the offspring，” said study author Dr．Beate Ritz, a professor of neurology．“This suggests a potential fetal neurotoxicity(神经毒性) of lithium exposure from drinking water that needs to be further investigated．”
For this latest study, researchers analyzed lithium levels from about half of the country's water supply．When the investigators compared children with autism to those without this developmental disorder, they found that when lithium levels increased, so did the risk of autism．
Kids born to moms who lived in areas with the highest lithium levels in the water were 46% more likely to be diagnosed with autism than those born in areas with the lowest amount of lithium in drinking water, the study showed．Lithium levels increased the risk for all types of autism in this study．
Lithium leaches into drinking water from soil and rocks, but these levels could rise in the future from waste in lithium batteries．While more research is needed to confirm this association, Ritz suggested using filtered water and testing it for lithium levels while pregnant．Bottled water isn't necessarily the answer．“A lot of bottled water is not tested either，” she said．“Some bottled water is just filled up from regular drinking water sources．”
Dr．Max Wiznitzer, director of the Rainbow Autism Center, urged caution before jumping to conclusions, though．“It's an interesting association, but causation is definitely not proven，” Wiznitzer told CNN．“We have to see if there's a workable and biologically plausible (似乎合理的) mechanism by which a small amount of lithium in the water supply can somehow do this, yet pharmacologic(药理学) dosing of lithium in women with bipolar disorder has not been reported to be causing increased risk of ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)．”
13．What might cause women in Denmark to have kids with autism？
A．Lower levels of lithium in tap water．
B．Higher lithium levels in drinking water．
C．Maternal prenatal exposure to neurotoxicity．
D．Naturally occurring drinking water sources．
14．What can we infer from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 5？
A．The risk of autism declined with lithium levels increasing．
B．Lithium in drinking water mainly came from lithium batteries．
C．Kids were 46% more likely to be diagnosed with autism than moms．
D．Bottled water could not be always safely used for its lack of filtering and testing．
15．What is Max Wiznitzer's attitude towards the findings？
A．Favourable． B．Shocked．
C．Cautious． D．Indifferent．
16．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Lithium in Water Supply Linked to Uptick in Autism Risk
B．Lithium in Drinking Water Did Harm to Mental Health
C．Lithium in Drinking Water Decreased the Risk of ASD
D．Lithium in Water Supply Linked to the Chance of Pregnancy
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了饮用水里的锂元素在一定程度上与自闭症相关联。
13．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Their new study found that pregnant women in Denmark whose household tap water had higher levels of lithium were more likely to have kids with autism, compared to pregnant women living in areas where tap water had lower levels of this element．(他们的新研究发现，与生活在自来水中锂含量较低地区的孕妇相比，丹麦家庭自来水中锂含量较高的孕妇更有可能生下患有自闭症的孩子。)”可知，饮用水中锂含量较高可能导致丹麦女性生下患有自闭症的孩子。故选B。
14．D 推理判断题。根据第五段“‘A lot of bottled water is not tested either，’ she said．‘Some bottled water is just filled up from regular drinking water sources．’(‘很多瓶装水也没有经过检测，’她说。‘一些瓶装水只是从常规饮用水源中灌装的。’)”可知，由于缺乏过滤和检测，瓶装水不能总是安全使用。故选D。
15．C 观点态度题。根据最后一段“Dr．Max Wiznitzer, director of the Rainbow Autism Center, urged caution before jumping to conclusions, though．‘It's an interesting association, but causation is definitely not proven，' Wiznitzer told CNN．(不过，彩虹自闭症中心主任Max Wiznitzer博士敦促，在下结论之前要谨慎。‘这是一个有趣的联系，但因果关系绝对没有得到证实，’Wiznitzer告诉CNN。)”可知，Max Wiznitzer对这些发现的态度是谨慎的。故选C。
16．A 标题归纳题。根据第一段“There's no single known cause for autism (自闭症), but researchers now point the finger at higher lithium (锂) levels in drinking water．Their new study found that pregnant women in Denmark whose household tap water had higher levels of lithium were more likely to have kids with autism, compared to pregnant women living in areas where tap water had lower levels of this element．(目前还没有一个已知的自闭症原因，但研究人员现在将矛头指向饮用水中锂含量过高。他们的新研究发现，与生活在自来水中锂含量较低地区的孕妇相比，丹麦家庭自来水中锂含量较高的孕妇更有可能生下患有自闭症的孩子。)”结合文章主要说明了饮用水中的锂元素可能增加自闭症的风险，A项“供水中的锂与自闭症风险上升有关”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二部分 专题一 第5讲
A
(2023·福建省三明市高中毕业班三模)
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1．Which of the following is a bonus of the subscription？
A．Some great prices．
B．Discounted restaurant offers．
C．Flight priority．
D．Free delivery．
2．How much will you save if you subscribe for 12 issues？
A．￡ 22．99． B．￡24．89．
C．￡24．99． D．￡47．88．
3．How can you reject the unwanted information
A．By ticking the box．
B．By writing a note．
C．By sending an E-mail．
D．By calling the magazine．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《读者文摘》杂志的订购优惠活动。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第七段“And what's more, we will deliver it direct to your or gift receiver's door every month for free！(更重要的是，我们将每月免费将其直接送到您或礼品接收者的门口！)”可知，如果现在订阅杂志，将每月免费递送。由此可知，订阅的意外收获是免费递送。故选D。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第七段“A saving of over 50% OFF the usual ￡47．88 retail price．(47．88英镑节省了50%以上。)”和第八段“It's only ￡22．99 for a full one-year subscription paid by direct debit．(通过直接借记支付的一年期订阅只需22．99英镑。)”可知，通常一年期订阅需要47．88英镑，通过直接借记支付的一年期订阅只需22．99英镑。由此可知，如果你订阅了12期，你会节省24．89英镑。故选B。
3．A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Please tick here if you object to receiving such information．(如果您反对接收此类信息，请在此处打勾。)”可知，如果不想接收此类信息，可以在方框处打勾。由此可知，想要拒绝不需要的信息，可以勾选方框。故选A。
B
(2023·辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高三一模)
There are many resorts in the world．Make your Branson, Missouri vacation easy by booking a complete vacation package with general attractions, shows and more．Located in the rolling hills of the Ozarks, Branson also features numerous outdoor activity options for a varied vacation experience．
Two-night Branson Getaway Package
When planning a wonderful holiday to Branson, book the Two-night Branson Getaway Package, which includes two nights of staying, dinner and a show at the Dolly Parton's Stampede, and admission to the traditional Acrobats (杂技) of Shanghai!
Price: Adult: $156．
Children: Ages 3-19: $81．22, Ages 0-2: Free．
Branson Dolly Parton's Stampede Getaway
Whether you are planning a weekend holiday in Branson or a short mid-week trip, you will love the Branson Dolly Parton's Stampede Getaway, which includes two nights of staying and Dolly Parton's Stampede Dinner and Show!
Price: Adult: $ 156．
Children: Ages 3-19: $73．01, Ages 0-2: Free．
Silver Dollar City Package
Have the ultimate vacation in Branson with the Silver Dollar City Package, which includes two nights of staying, a two-day pass to Silver Dollar City, and dinner and a show aboard the Showboat Branson Belle!
Price: Adult: $315．
Children: Ages 3-19: $74．00, Ages 0-2: Free．
Branson's Fun for Kids Vacation
For an exciting vacation in Branson that children will simply love, book Branson's Fun for Kids Vacation, which includes two nights of staying, admission to the Branson's Wild World VIP Animal Adventure, Escape Mini Golf & Jungle Arcade, Hamners' Unbelievable Magic Show, Fritz's Adventure, a one-day pass to Silver Dollar City and admission to the Dolly Parton's Stampede!
Price: Adult: $ 474．
Children: Ages 3-19: $68．78, Ages 0-2: Free．
4．Which vacation package will you choose if you want to watch a Chinese traditional art？
A．Silver Dollar City Package．
B．Branson's Fun for Kids Vacation．
C．Two-night Branson Getaway Package．
D．Branson Dolly Parton's Stampede Getaway．
5．How much should a couple with twins aged four pay for the Silver Dollar City Package？
A．$389． B．$463．
C．$704． D．$778．
6．Which of the following is available in the four vacation packages？
A．Two nights of staying．
B．Silver Dollar City tickets．
C．A show at the Dolly Parton's Stampede．
D．Admission to the Acrobats of Shanghai．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了去美国密苏里州布兰森的四个度假套餐。
4．C 推理判断题。根据Two-night Branson Getaway Package部分的“When planning a wonderful holiday to Branson, book the Two-night Branson Getaway Package, which includes two nights of staying, dinner and a show at the Dolly Parton's Stampede, and admission to the traditional Acrobats (杂技) of Shanghai！(当计划前往布兰森度过一个美妙的假期时，请预订Two-night Branson Getaway Package，其中包括两晚住宿、晚餐和多莉·帕顿的风尚表演，以及上海传统杂技的入场券！)”可知，在Two-night Branson Getaway Package，你可以看到上海传统杂技。如果你想看中国传统艺术，你应该选择Two-night Branson Getaway Package。故选C。
5．D 数字计算题。根据Silver Dollar City Package部分的“Price: Adult: $315．(价格：成人：315美元。)”和“Children: Ages 3-19: $74．00, Ages 0-2: Free．(儿童：3-19岁：74美元，0-2岁：免费。)”可知，去Silver Dollar City Package，成人每人需要支付315美元，四岁的儿童每人需要支付74美元，经过计算可知，一对夫妇和一对四岁的双胞胎要去Silver Dollar City Package，需要支付778美元。故选D。
6．A 细节理解题。根据Two-night Branson Getaway Package部分的“．．．which includes two nights of staying．．．”、Branson Dolly Parton's Stampede Getaway部分的“．．．which includes two nights of staying．．．”、Silver Dollar City Package部分的“．．．which includes two nights of staying．．．”和Branson's Fun for Kids Vacation部分的“．．．which includes two nights of staying．．．”可知，这四个假期套餐中都包括两晚住宿。故选A。
C
(2023·河北省张家口市高考二模)
Volunteer on a Disaster Action Team
Most of the 60,000 emergencies that the Red Cross responds to each year are local, personal disasters like home fires．They may not make the news, but we know they are just as devastating (破坏性的) to the families affected．So join us to answer the call when your neighbors need help．
Trained and available, Disaster Action Team volunteers are ready to respond to these emergencies, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year．From offering a shoulder to cry on to meeting any immediate needs for shelter or supplies, to connecting people with long term recovery services, our volunteers ensure that families don't have to face tough times alone．
Many disaster action team volunteers share these life experiences and skills：
·Team-spirited
·Availability and flexibility for at least 4-6 hours per week
·Tender-hearted
·Disaster response experience
·Have a command of two languages
·Can remain calm and patient during stressful situations
Disaster Action Team volunteers help local families cope with emergencies．
Home fires and other disasters can occur any time, any place．As a Disaster Action Team volunteer, you'll provide emotional support, financial assistance, and information to help families begin the process of recovery．After your initial training, your shifts will include responding to emergencies within 2 hours, night or day, rain or shine, either on the scene or acting remotely to provide immediate care．With experience and further training you can take on leadership to have a wider impact．
Note: the volunteer positions available to you will vary depending on your location and the needs of your local community．
7．What is the duty of a Disaster Action Team volunteer？
A．Train residents on safety awareness．
B．Give permanent support to the victims．
C．Find out safety problems in the community．
D．Help people deal with emergency at any time．
8．What is required of a Disaster Action Team volunteer？
A．The ability to stay cool．
B．Outdoor survival skills．
C．Oversea learning experience．
D．Serving 4-6 hours monthly．
9．What is the purpose of this text？
A．To teach people how to keep safe．
B．To call on people to be volunteers．
C．To inform volunteers to take action．
D．To introduce an activity of the Red Cross．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了红十字会招聘为受灾家庭提供帮助的志愿者的要求以及志愿者的职责等。
7．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Disaster Action Team volunteers are ready to respond to these emergencies, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year．(灾难行动小组的志愿者已经准备好应对这些紧急情况，一天24小时，一年365天。)”可知，灾难行动小组的志愿者要随时准备帮助人们应付紧急情况。故选D。
8．A 细节理解题。根据Many disaster action team volunteers share these life experiences and skills部分中“Can remain calm and patient during stressful situations(在紧张的情况下能保持冷静和耐心)”可知，志愿者需要具有保持冷静的能力。故选A。
9．B 写作意图题。文章介绍了红十字会招聘为受灾家庭提供帮助的志愿者的要求和志愿者的职责，结合首段“So join us to answer the call when your neighbors need help．(所以，当你的邻居需要帮助的时候，加入我们吧。)”可知，文章的目的是号召人们成为志愿者。故选B。
D
(2023·广西南宁市高中毕业班一模)
Can't Miss Romantic Sunset Spots
As the sky fills with pinks and purples, it's hard to not be fascinated by the beauty of Mother Nature's sunsets．Enjoying a sunset with a romantic partner can make the occasion more special．The sunset watching spots on this list are perfect for Valentine's Day—or anytime you want a little extra romance．
Beauty by the Sea
Cartagena Bay
CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA
A sunset cruise (航游) on the Bay of Cartagena is the perfect way to end your day when you are exploring the city that had its first residents in 4,000 B．C．．This UNESCO World Heritage Site has beautiful beaches and a historic old town ready for arm-in-arm wandering．Anarchipelago, the beautiful Rosario Islands, is a one-hour boat ride from the mainland．
Love and Light
Eiffel Tower
PARIS
Whether you call it the City of Light or the City of Love, both nicknames for Paris hold true when you're on top of the Eiffel Tower with your loved one at sunset．Watch the city lights come up as the sun goes down, champagne (香槟) in hand．Four restaurants are in this area．Plan to reserve your table weeks before arriving in town．
Sunset in a Sphere (球体)
AI Faisaliah Tower
RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
The 876-foot AI Faisaliah Tower was the first skyscraper built in Saudi Arabia．The viewing platform provides an incredible look at the city, but for a romantic evening, make a reservation at The Globe．This three-story restaurant is housed inside the giant glass sphere at the top of the tower, surrounding you with the impressive view as you enjoy European cuisine with perfect service．
10．If you are a history lover, which place is the best choice？
A．Eiffel Tower．
B．AI Faisaliah Tower．
C．Cartagena Bay．
D．City of Love．
11．What can people do in both Eiffel Tower and AI Faisaliah Tower？
A．Watch city lights．
B．Enjoy food．
C．Explore beautiful beaches．
D．Experience AI service．
12．Where is the text probably taken from？
A．An academic article．
B．An educational website．
C．A geography textbook．
D．A travel brochure．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了几个看日落的浪漫地点。
10．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“This UNESCO World Heritage Site has beautiful beaches and a historic old town ready for arm-in-arm wandering．(这个联合国教科文组织世界遗产拥有美丽的海滩和一个历史悠久的古城，随时可以手挽手漫步。)”可知，如果你是一个历史爱好者，卡塔赫纳湾是最好的选择。故选C。
11．B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Four restaurants are in this area．(这个地区有四家餐馆。)”和第四段“This three-story restaurant is housed inside the giant glass sphere at the top of the tower, surrounding you with the impressive view as you enjoy European cuisine with perfect service．(这家三层楼高的餐厅位于塔顶巨大的玻璃球内，在享受欧洲美食和完美服务的同时，您可以欣赏到令人印象深刻的景色。)”可知，人们在埃菲尔铁塔和费萨尔利亚塔都可以享受美食。故选B。
12．D 语篇出处题。根据第一段“The sunset watching spots on this list are perfect for Valentine's Day—or anytime you want a little extra romance．(这张清单上的看日落的地点非常适合情人节——或者任何你想要额外浪漫的时候。)”可知，这是一篇关于旅游观光的文章，可能摘自一本旅游手册。故选D。第二部分 专题一 第6讲
A
(2023·河北省唐山市高考二模)
Like most people, I had a lot of time on my hands these past few years, and I spent most of it on my phone．This, together with anxiety medication (药物治疗), has made my brain weak．I've never had a very good memory, but by summer of 2021, I saw the little memory that I did have disappear suddenly while Googling “ben afleCk brther bad 1”．
I grew frustrated．I couldn't remember the name of Joan Holloway's military husband from Mad Men without looking it up, or the name of my college friend, who would come into my dorm regularly to talk about how much he worked out．None of this was especially useful or life-changing information, but I wanted to remember it without making a shameful mess of my search history．
Inspired by a desire to impress myself and others, I decided to stop looking stuff up online and see what happened．When I couldn't remember the character from Mad Men, instead of instantly turning to my phone, I just sat there, thinking, very hard．(Aha! Greg was his name．) And so my new skill was born: Strong Brain．
For a few months, I didn't make any progress．Sometimes I would sit without knowing something for hours, well after whoever I was with I had looked it up and had moved on to knowing the next thing that I couldn't remember．I was frequently laughed at and made to feel stupid for sitting with my arms crossed．I was teased for not coming up with answers to things that no one on earth should know simply because I took an attitude against looking them up．
But while the sounds of my haters got louder and louder, my brain beefed up in my defense．As friends tried to remember the name of the actor who played Robin Williams's sweetheart in Jumanji, I spoke unthinkingly with “Bonnie Hunt”．
If you're like me and have always wanted to be the shiny, pretty person at a party that everyone is listening to and smiling at and wondering where she got her hair cut, I think Strong Brain is the party trick for you．
1．What do we learn about the author from Paragraph 1？
A．She was overusing the phone．
B．She wasted a lot of time on the calls．
C．She was addicted to anxiety medicine．
D．She made many spelling errors while searching．
2．What did the author decide to do after the summer of 2021？
A．Improve her recall．
B．Seek help from medicine．
C．Clear up her search history．
D．Connect with her college friend．
3．What did other people think of the author's new skill training？
A．Difficult． B．Important．
C．Ridiculous． D．Rewarding．
4．What is the best title of the text？
A．My Concern over Anxiety
B．My Way to Be Brain-Strong
C．My Fight with High Technology
D．My Suffering from Poor Memory
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述作者因为长期玩手机导致记忆力下降，因此就利用最强大脑(Strong Brain)来让自己增强记忆力。
1．A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Like most people, I had a lot of time on my hands these past few years, and I spent most of it on my phone．(和大多数人一样，在过去的几年里，我有很多时间，大部分时间都花在了手机上。)”可知，作者大部分时间都花在手机上，即她过度使用手机。故选A。
2．A 推理判断题。根据第三段“Inspired by a desire to impress myself and others, I decided to stop looking stuff up online and see what happened．When I couldn't remember the character from Mad Men, instead of instantly turning to my phone, I just sat there, thinking, very hard．(Aha! Greg was his name．) And so my new skill was born: Strong Brain．(出于给自己和他人留下深刻印象的愿望，我决定停止在网上查找资料，看看发生了什么。当我记不起《广告狂人》中的角色时，我没有立即转向手机，而是坐在那里，非常认真地思考。(啊哈！格雷格是他的名字。)于是我的新技能诞生了：最强大脑。)”可知，作者在2021年夏天开始训练自己，提高记忆力。故选A。
3．C 推理判断题。根据第四段“I was frequently laughed at and made to feel stupid for sitting with my arms crossed．I was teased for not coming up with answers to things that no one on earth should know simply because I took an attitude against looking them up．(我经常因为双臂交叉坐着而被嘲笑，并感到自己很愚蠢。我被取笑没有对地球上没有人应该知道的事情给出答案，仅仅是因为我采取了不去查的态度。)”可知，其他人认为作者的行为是荒唐可笑的。故选C。
4．B 标题归纳题。根据第一段“I've never had a very good memory, but by summer of 2021, I saw the little memory that I did have disappear suddenly while Googling ‘ben afleCk brther bad 1’．(我的记忆力从来都不是很好，但到了2021夏天，我在谷歌上搜索‘ben afleCk brther bad 1’时，我发现自己很少的记忆突然消失了。)”和第三段“Inspired by a desire to impress myself and others, I decided to stop looking stuff up online and see what happened．When I couldn't remember the character from Mad Men, instead of instantly turning to my phone, I just sat there, thinking, very hard．(Aha! Greg was his name．) And so my new skill was born: Strong Brain．(出于给自己和他人留下深刻印象的愿望，我决定停止在网上查找资料，看看发生了什么。当我记不起《广告狂人》中的角色时，我没有立即转向手机，而是坐在那里，非常认真地思考。(啊哈！格雷格是他的名字。)于是我的新技能诞生了：最强大脑。)”可知，文章主要讲述作者通过最强大脑来提高记忆力的事情，B项“我的最强大脑之路”适合作标题。故选B。
B
(2023·辽宁省协作校高三一模)
When Emanuel received an email from Professor Richard English at Queen's University, who encouraged him to apply for a PhD in Politics in Belfast, it was a pinch-me moment Emanuel never thought would be possible．After all, just a few short years ago, he was living on the streets, couch-surfing at friends' houses and weeding gardens to make ends meet．Now, one of the world's leading political academics was preparing to welcome him to Queen's University over 4,000 miles away．
Emanuel never knew who his father was and his mom was mentally ill when she gave birth to him, so the hospital took him off her and he was unofficially adopted for the first few years of his life．What followed was a childhood with uncertainty as Emanuel was passed between the adoption system and family members．
Through his high school and community college years, he moved from house to house, living with friends at times and living on the streets at others．
Determined to change all that despite his rocky start in life, Emanuel involved himself in school—doing everything he could to earn extra tuition (学费) money in his spare time．But getting accepted into university was scarcely possible because a person like him couldn't get a regular student loan．
Fortunately, the government backed him, having created a policy allowing disadvantaged persons to access funding for higher education．He graduated from the University of the West Indies with a 1st Class Honors degree and went on to do his Masters．
Emanuel knows that his story could have been very different．
“I discovered Professor Richard English online and sent him an email honestly, not thinking he would reply and to my surprise, he did．I applied for the highly competitive Commonwealth Shared Scholarship Scheme in order to fund my research at Queen's．When I was told I was successful, my whole world changed．”
5．What does the underlined word “pinch-me” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．Imaginary． B．Anticipated．
C．Unbelievable． D．Embarrassing．
6．What happened to Emanuel in his childhood？
A．His father passed away early．
B．He received great parental care．
C．He was once adopted by his relatives．
D．He lived with his friends now and then．
7．Which of the following can best describe Emanuel？
A．Tough and strong-willed．
B．Determined and talented．
C．Enthusiastic and generous．
D．Hardworking and attractive．
8．What is the main idea the author wants to convey to us？
A．Well begun is half done．
B．Never judge by appearances．
C．Many hands make light work．
D．You are the architect of your own life．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伊曼纽尔度过了凄惨的童年，后来他决心改变这一切，他全身心地投入到学校的学习中，他用自己的努力完成了人生的逆袭。
5．C 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Emanuel never thought would be possible (伊曼纽尔从未想过这是可能的)”可知，画线单词的意思是“不可置信的”。故选C。
6．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“What followed was a childhood with uncertainty as Emanuel was passed between the adoption system and family members．(接下来伊曼纽尔在收养系统和家庭成员之间度过了一个不确定的童年。)”可知，他在童年时期曾经被亲戚们收养。故选C。
7．A 推理判断题。根据第四段“Determined to change all that despite his rocky start in life, Emanuel involved himself in school—doing everything he could to earn extra tuition (学费) money in his spare time．(尽管伊曼纽尔的人生起步艰难，但他决心改变这一切，他投身于学校——在业余时间尽一切努力赚取额外的学费。)”可知，伊曼纽尔是坚韧且意志坚定的。故选A。
8．D 写作意图题。文章主要讲述了伊曼纽尔在童年时期就失去了父母，在收养系统和家庭成员之间度过了一个不确定的童年。后来他决心改变这一切，他全身心地投入到学校的学习中。在业余时间，他尽一切可能来赚取额外的学费。最后，在政府的资助下完成了大学学业。他以一等荣誉学位毕业于西印度群岛大学，并继续攻读硕士学位。最后收到理查德英格利希教授的电子邮件，鼓励他申请贝尔法斯特的政治博士学位。他用自己的努力完成了人生的逆袭。因此文章的主要目的是为了告诉我们：你是自己生活的建筑师。故选D。
C
(2023·浙江省温州市高三三模)
Recently I bought a book about signposts．Signposts aren't very interesting, you're thinking．Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost! Ancient travelers would have been grateful for these when settlements were smaller and further apart．In winter, the ability to reach shelter for the night could be the difference between life and death．
One of the very earliest waymarks discovered is in Cumbria．Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft(竖井)．There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries．It wasn't until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built．
This applied to remote parts of the country where there might be confusion as to which path led to the nearest market town．Later, with the appearance of the Royal Mail, the number rose still further．Nowadays many of these early road signs are designated (指定) as Listed Monuments．
“How times change！” Lucy, an enthusiastic walker, to whom I loaned the book, exclaimed．
“I suppose now we all rely far more upon mobile phones to guide us．”
“Yet they aren't perfect．Whenever I go out, I prefer a map．I never have to worry about running out of battery．” “I'm always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route，” she added, “I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome．”
Lucy is quite right there．Life itself can offer us a great many choices of path, and sometimes it isn't easy to know if we've chosen the best one．
Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them—either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track．After all, we'd be lost without them!
9．What does the underlined word “these” in the first paragraph refer to？
A．Signposts． B．Abilities．
C．Settlements． D．Shelters．
10．What contributed to the initial spread of signposts
A．The market trade．
B．The act passed in 1697．
C．The discovery of the sandstone．
D．The appearance of the Loyal Mail．
11．What does Lucy think of signposts？
A．Popular． B．Outdated．
C．Imperfect． D．Helpful．
12．What does the author learn from signposts？
A．To choose right tracks．
B．To live a colorful life．
C．To have a grateful mind．
D．To offer practical choices．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最近买了一本关于路标的书，以及从书中了解到关于路标的知识。
9．A 代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Recently I bought a book about signposts．Signposts aren't very interesting, you're thinking．Well, that, of course, depends on whether you happen to be lost！(最近我买了一本关于路标的书。你在想，路标没什么意思。嗯，那当然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了！)”及画线词所在句“Ancient travelers would have been grateful for these when settlements were smaller and further apart．(当定居点更小、距离更远的时候，古代旅行者会很感激这些。)”可知，these指的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A。
10．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“One of the very earliest waymarks discovered is in Cumbria．Dating from Roman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer ploughing his fields came across a sandstone shaft(竖井)．There are other stone posts that have stood by roadsides for centuries．It wasn't until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stones must be built．(最早发现的路标之一是在坎布里亚郡。它始建于罗马时代，直到1836年，一个农民在耕地时偶然发现了一个砂岩井。还有一些石柱已经矗立在路边几个世纪了。直到1697年才通过一项法案，宣布必须建造路标。)”可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。故选B。
11．D 推理判断题。根据第六段“‘Yet they aren't perfect．Whenever I go out, I prefer a map．I never have to worry about running out of battery．’ ‘I'm always grateful to whoever is placing way-markers along the route，’ she added, ‘I suppose that however sure we are, a little outside confirmation is always welcome．’ (‘然而，它们并不完美。无论我什么时候出去，我都喜欢带着地图。我从来不用担心没电了。’‘无论谁在沿途设置路标，我都很感激，’她补充说，‘我想，无论我们多么确定，一点外界的确认总是受欢迎的。’)”可知，露西对路标的看法是认为它是有帮助的。故选D。
12．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps when it comes to gratitude, we should also include thanks for those people who appear in our lives when we most need them—either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrong direction, or reassurance that we are on the right track．(也许说到感恩，我们也应该感谢那些在我们最需要他们的时候出现在我们生活中的人——他们要么温和地警告我们可能走错了方向，要么安慰我们走在正确的道路上。毕竟，没有他们我们会迷路的！)”可知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。故选C。
D
(2023·安徽省合肥市高三二模)
I am thinking today about my new favorite thing．It's an app that my husband told me a few years ago that helps me bypass all the obstacles (障碍) in my way: potholes, heavy traffic, and even speed cameras．
To be honest, when my husband first told me about it, I didn't pay much attention．I was only going to places I already knew how to get to．Plus, I learned to drive from my father—who never turned to a map．I think I mistakenly absorbed the message that real drivers didn't need a map; you somehow just magically knew where to go．It was only later that I realized that just getting a driver's license didn't mean you knew how to get to places—that was lesson one．Lesson two came when my kids started playing on two different travel teams．The drivers in our household suddenly had the need to head in different directions on the same day．
Suddenly my app became very meaningful to me．How did I ever manage to get to strange playing fields hidden somewhere without it But the crazy thing I have also noticed is how often I just don't listen to it．Why might that be Do I just prefer the old routes, even if they are actually worse I see an analogy (类比) to the present moment．There is evidence that some old ideas and some long familiar ideas will send us into a boring unchanging lifestyle．But for some reason we like them better than an unfamiliar new route that might take us into areas we've never heard of, let alone visited．
It can be hard to admit we don't know everything．As a person who still drives an 8-year-old stick shift and who has never stood in line for anything new, I certainly understand that．But I also try to remember the times I let go of my ego (自负), or my fear, and learned that life could be better．Not perfect—but better．I am glad I finally listened to my husband about that app．He was right．
13．What did the author think of the app at the very beginning？
A．It was magical．
B．It was practically valueless．
C．It was powerful．
D．It was not as good as a map．
14．What would probably make the author ignore the app's instructions？
A．Her desire to explore alone．
B．Her doubt about the new device．
C．Her preference for the new routes．
D．Her refusal to experience changes．
15．What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph？
A．She is willing to challenge herself．
B．She cares little about others' comments．
C．She recognizes her problems easily．
D．She is too inflexible to make any change．
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A．Real Drivers Know Their Way
B．It Pays to Take a New Route
C．New Apps Make Life Perfect
D．It Matters to Listen to Inner Voice
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从对使用一款应用程序的看法的改变领悟出我们应学会接受改变。
13．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“To be honest, when my husband first told me about it, I didn't pay much attention．(老实说，当我丈夫第一次告诉我这件事时，我并没有太在意。)”以及“I think I mistakenly absorbed the message that real drivers didn't need a map; you somehow just magically knew where to go．(我想我错误地吸收了真正的司机不需要地图的信息；你不知怎么就神奇地知道该去哪里了。)”可知，当作者一开始接触这个应用程序时，她觉得它毫无价值。故选B。
14．D 细节理解题。根据第三段“There is evidence that some old ideas and some long familiar ideas will send us into a boring unchanging lifestyle．But for some reason we like them better than an unfamiliar new route that might take us into areas we've never heard of, let alone visited．(有证据表明，一些古老的想法和一些长期熟悉的想法会让我们进入一种无聊而一成不变的生活方式。但出于某种原因，我们更喜欢它们，而不是一条陌生的新路线，它可能会把我们带到我们从未听说过的地区，更不用说去过了。)”可知，作者忽略应用程序的说明是因为她拒绝经历改变。故选D。
15．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But I also try to remember the times I let go of my ego (自负), or my fear, and learned that life could be better．Not perfect—but better．I am glad I finally listened to my husband about that app．He was right．(但我也试着记住那些我放下自负或恐惧的时刻，并学会了生活可以变得更好。不完美但更好。我很高兴终于听了我丈夫关于那个应用程序的话。他是对的。)”可知，作者愿意挑战自己。故选A。
16．B 标题归纳题。本文从作者对使用一款应用程序的看法的改变领悟出我们应学会接受改变。从最后一段“But I also try to remember the times I let go of my ego (自负), or my fear, and learned that life could be better．Not perfect—but better．I am glad I finally listened to my husband about that app．He was right．”可以看出，作者最后愿意挑战自己。B项“It Pays to Take a New Route (走一条新路线是值得的)”最能概括本文主旨。故选B。第二部分 专题一 第7讲
A
(2023·河北省石家庄市高中毕业年级一模)
Foods high in sugar are unhealthy, but these additives are too delicious for many of us to give up or reduce in a way．What if we could somehow enjoy their taste without actually eating them A student team has now designed a spoon with a structure that stimulates taste buds (味蕾) to produce a sense of sweetness without adding calories or chemicals．The project follows previous work involving favor-enhancing cutlery like chopsticks that increase sweetness with a mild electric current．
The five undergraduate and graduate research students wanted to create a new spoon called Sugarware for people with such disorders as diabetes, with which sugar is largely off their menu．
The new spoon would have several bumps (凸起) on its underside to press against the tongue．The bumps can be covered with a permanent layer of molecules (分子) called ligands．These ligands bond with taste-cell receptor proteins that typically react to sugar molecules or artificial sweeteners．The bond can activate nerve signals, causing the brain to register a sense of sweetness．A diner could thus stimulate sweetness receptors without actual intake of sugar or artificial sweeteners．
This idea is similar to the previous work in that they all use cutlery to enhance taste without a user having to actually consume any sugar．“But the mechanism for stimulating the taste buds is completely different，” Shiyu Xu, one of the student researchers, says, “It uses bumps and taste-bud-stimulating molecules rather than electricity．”
The idea is “very creative，” says Paola Almeida, who is the global director of corporate innovation at candy maker Mars．But the product's commercial success would require a significant behavioral shift among consumers: instead of adding the usual sugar or artificial sweeteners, “now we're saying, ‘Use this cutlery’，” Almeida says, “It remains to be seen whether favor-enhancing cutlery will catch on．”
1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A．How the new invention works．
B．How a diner feel sweetness．
C．How ligands and proteins link．
D．How sugar molecules function．
2．In what way is the previous flavor-enhancing cutlery different from Sugarware？
A．It makes food more delicious．
B．It sends out signals to the brain．
C．It uses electricity to enhance taste．
D．It reduces users' food consumption．
3．What is Paola Almeida's attitude to the future of Sugarware？
A．Positive． B．Uncertain．
C．Critical． D．Worried．
4．What's the best title of the text？
A．Struggling for Low Sugar — Try This Spoon
B．Looking for Delicious Food — This is How
C．Working for Commercial Success — Be Creative
D．Dieting for Better Health — Mind Sweeteners
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一个学生团队在之前的研究成果的基础上进行创造，他们设计了一种勺子，它的结构可以刺激味蕾，在不增加卡路里或化学物质的情况下产生甜味。
1．A 段落大意题。根据第三段“The new spoon would have several bumps (凸起) on its underside to press against the tongue．The bumps can be covered with a permanent layer of molecules (分子) called ligands．These ligands bond with taste-cell receptor proteins that typically react to sugar molecules or artificial sweeteners．The bond can activate nerve signals, causing the brain to register a sense of sweetness．A diner could thus stimulate sweetness receptors without actual intake of sugar or artificial sweeteners．(新勺子的底部会有几个凸起来压住舌头。这些凸起可以被一层永久性的分子覆盖，这种分子被称为配体。这些配体与味觉细胞受体蛋白结合，通常对糖分子或人工甜味剂起反应。这种结合可以激活神经信号，使大脑产生甜味。因此，用餐者可以在不摄入糖或人工甜味剂的情况下刺激甜味受体。)”可知，本段主要讲述新勺子是通过什么方式让人的大脑受到刺激感知甜味，即工作原理。故选A。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第四段“‘But the mechanism for stimulating the taste buds is completely different，’Shiyu Xu, one of the student researchers, says, ‘It uses bumps and taste-bud-stimulating molecules rather than electricity．'(‘但是刺激味蕾的机制是完全不同的，’学生研究员徐世宇说，‘它使用的是撞击和刺激味蕾的分子，而不是电。’)”可知，以前的增味餐具与糖餐具的不同之处是，以前的餐具利用电来提高味道。故选C。
3．B 观点态度题。根据最后一段“But the product's commercial success would require a significant behavioral shift among consumers: instead of adding the usual sugar or artificial sweeteners, “now we're saying, ‘Use this cutlery’，” Almeida says, ‘It remains to be seen whether favor-enhancing cutlery will catch on．'(但该产品的商业成功需要消费者行为上的重大转变：不再添加常见的糖或人工甜味剂，“现在我们说，‘使用这种餐具'，”阿尔梅达说，“这种增强好感的餐具是否会流行还有待观察。”)”可知，Paola Almeida认为新发明是否会流行还需要观察，说明他对Sugarware未来的态度是不确定的。故选B。
4．A 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Foods high in sugar are unhealthy, but these additives are too delicious for many of us to give up or reduce in a way．What if we could somehow enjoy their taste without actually eating them A student team has now designed a spoon with a structure that stimulates taste buds (味蕾) to produce a sense of sweetness without adding calories or chemicals．(高糖食物是不健康的，但这些添加剂太美味了，我们很多人都不能放弃或减少某种程度上的添加剂。如果我们不用吃它们就能享受它们的味道呢？一个学生团队现在设计了一种勺子，它的结构可以刺激味蕾，在不增加卡路里或化学物质的情况下产生甜味。)”可知，本文主要围绕一种新型的勺子及其功能进行讲述，该产品适合那些食用低糖食物的人。故选A。
B
(2023·安徽省A10联盟高考最后一卷)
Water equals life．This is true for people, animals and plants．And while water is plentiful in some locations, this is not the case all over the world．Now scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) may have developed a way to change that．
The new desalination(脱盐) device produces water actually above the World Health Organization standards, just by pushing a button．There are no filters(过滤器) required, and the device uses electrical power to remove salt and other particles(微粒)—including bacteria and viruses—from the saltwater．This reduces the need for constant maintenance．
Most commercially available portable desalination units use filters that require high-pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient．The filterless MIT device will allow it to be used in remote or resource-limited places like small islands, ships, and even for emergency use．
The device took years to develop．After running tests in the lab with water that had different salinity and particles, it was tested at Boston's Carson Beach．The device produced drinkable water in just half an hour．
The new desalination unit needs less power than a cell phone charger, reported Fast Company, and works using two types of electrical fields to filter the saltwater．But best of all, it is designed to be used by average people and not engineers．In fact, the device only has three buttons, one to power the device, one to start it, and one to stop it．
The researchers are still working on a final design that could use cheaper materials to make it ready by the end of next year．This small but mighty desalination unit may be the key to bringing safe water to a thirsty world．
5．What's the advantage of the new desalination device？
A．It's convenient．
B．It's a lot cheaper．
C．It has improved filters．
D．It has a larger output．
6．How is the third paragraph developed？
A．By making comparisons．
B．By giving examples．
C．By analyzing causes．
D．By listing figures．
7．What does the author think is the most outstanding quality of the new device？
A．It requires much less power．
B．It possesses two electrical fields．
C．It can be easily operated by ordinary people．
D．It is controlled by the same button．
8．What is the best title for the text？
A．Deeper research finds new contents of seawater
B．Better method improves the quality of drinking water
C．Report shows a world thirsty for safe drinking water
D．New portable device makes seawater drinkable on the way
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水。
5．A 细节理解题。根据第二段“The new desalination(脱盐) device produces water actually above the World Health Organization standards, just by pushing a button．(这种新的海水脱盐装置只需要按下一个按钮，就能产生高于世界卫生组织标准的水。)”可知，这个新的脱盐设备的优势是操作非常方便。故选A。
6．A 推理判断题。根据第三段“Most commercially available portable desalination units use filters that require high-pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient．The filterless MIT device will allow it to be used in remote or resource-limited places like small islands, ships, and even for emergency use．(大多数商业上可用的便携式海水脱盐装置使用的过滤器需要高压泵来推动水，这使得它们体积庞大，能源效率较低。这种无过滤器的MIT设备可以在偏远或资源有限的地方使用，比如小岛、船只，甚至是紧急情况下使用。)”可知，第三段主要通过对比新的脱盐设备和其他商业上可用的便携式脱盐设备来说明新设备的优势。故选A。
7．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But best of all, it is designed to be used by average people and not engineers．(但最重要的是，它是为普通人而不是工程师设计的。)”可知，作者认为这个新设备最突出的优点是普通人也可以轻松操作。故选C。
8．D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水。由此可知，D项“新的便携式设备即将使海水可以饮用”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选D。
C
(2023·广东省梅州市高三二模)
Art and science may seem like opposite things．One means the creative flow of ideas, and the other means cold, hard data—some people believe．In fact, the two have much in common．Now, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class．
Mariale Hardiman, an education specialist at Johns Hopkins University, noticed that students who used art in the classroom listened more carefully．They might ask more questions．They might volunteer more ideas．What's more, students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their science lessons had involved(涉及) art．To prove that, Hardiman teamed up with some researchers and six local schools．
In the experiment, the researchers worked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrooms．They provided traditional science lessons and art-focused ones．In a traditional science class, for example, students might read aloud from a book．In the art-focused one, they might sing the information instead．
The team randomly assigned(随机分配) each of the 350 students to either a traditional science classroom or an art-focused one．Students then learned science using that way for the whole unit—about three weeks．When they changed to a new topic, they also changed to the other type of class．This way, each student had both an art-focused class and a traditional one．Every unit was taught in both ways, to different groups of students．This enabled the researchers to see how students did in both types of classes．
The team found that students who started off in traditional classes performed better after they moved into an art-focused class．But those who started in an art-focused class did well even when they went back to a traditional science class．These students appeared to use some of the art techniques(技巧) after going back to a traditional class．Classroom teachers reported that many students continued to sing the songs that they learned after finishing the unit．“The more we hear something, the more we retain it，” Hardiman says．“It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways of learning on their own．”
9．Why did Mariale Hardiman do the study？
A．To prove the importance of art at school．
B．To know how to encourage students to ask questions．
C．To find a way to help her students learn better．
D．To see if art might improve science learning．
10．What were the students required to do in the experiment？
A．Learn three units in total．
B．Choose what they'd like to learn．
C．Learn two topics for three weeks．
D．Take two types of classes．
11．What does the underlined word “retain” in the last paragraph mean？
A．Remember． B．Express．
C．Improve． D．Finish．
12．What is the text mainly about？
A．Art helps students develop creativity．
B．Art-focused classes interest students a lot．
C．Art can make science easier to remember．
D．Art has something in common with science．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。
9．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“What's more, students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their science lessons had involved(涉及)art．To prove that, Hardiman teamed up with some researchers and six local schools．(更重要的是，当科学课程涉及艺术时，学生们似乎能记住更多他们所学到的东西。为了证明这一点，Hardiman与一些研究人员和六所当地学校合作。)”可知，Mariale Hardiman的研究是为了证明艺术是否能够提高科学学习。故选D。
10．D 细节理解题。根据第四段“The team randomly assigned(随机分配)each of the 350 students to either a traditional science classroom or an art-focused one．(研究小组将350名学生随机分为两组，一组是传统的科学教室，另一组是艺术教室。)”以及“This enabled the researchers to see how students did in both types of classes．(这使得研究人员能够看到学生在这两种类型的课堂上的表现。)”可知，在实验中，学生被要求选两种类型的课。故选D。
11．A 词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways of learning on their own．(这表明，艺术可以帮助学生应用创造性的自学方法。)”可知，艺术有助于学生的学习，我们听到的越多，我们记住(学到)的就越多，由此可知画线词词义为“记住”。故选A。
12．C 文章大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Now, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class．(现在，一项研究发现，艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。)”可知，文章主要介绍艺术可以帮助学生更容易记住科学课上学到的东西。故选C。
D
(2023·江西省上饶市高三一模)
Researchers out of Australia's Flinders University recently studied various physical reactions during sleep when exposed to noise．They found that certain levels of noise while sleeping, even those below recommended safe levels, may affect a person's cardiovascular (心血管的) response．When slowly activated during sleep, these responses “could potentially have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system，” said researchers．
Researchers exposed 20 adult participants to various decibels (分贝) of wind farm and road noise while asleep, and then monitored physical responses including blood flow and heart rates as well as sleep awakenings．Although asleep, participants reacted to these noises, as found by the researchers．
For example, a 48-decibel (dB) noise, which is quieter than the 50-dB hum of a refrigerator, was 3-4 times more likely to cause a change in participants' pulse wave amplitude (脉搏波振幅), which is a measurement that relates to blood flow．Participants' heart rates responded to the noise as well．After being exposed to a noise of over 40 dB, they experienced an increase followed by a decrease in their heart rates．The study noted that these sound levels are under the recommended 70 dB limit by the World Health Organization．
Physiological reactions that the study monitored, such as heart rates and blood flow, may root in the proper responses that may be “potentially needed to defend against threats during sleep，” researchers said．
Sleep is typically a time for the body to rest and recover, and noise-caused activation of these cardiovascular responses during sleep may prevent a person from getting the proper amount of healthy sleep they need．
Researchers noted that being exposed to noise pollution during sleep may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, heart disease, and other harmful health effects．To help reduce the potential increased health risks caused by frequent noise-caused sleep disturbances, researchers note that their findings help create public policies around noise levels during sleep．
13．What does the underlined word “adverse” in the first paragraph mean？
A．Positive． B．Obvious．
C．Harmful． D．Common．
14．Which of the following will NOT react to the noises？
A．Pulse wave amplitude．
B．Sense of safety and duty．
C．Blood flow and heart rates．
D．Possible sleep awakening．
15．What do researchers hope to see after their findings？
A．All people can rest and recover in noise-free environments．
B．Physiological reactions can be monitored for most people．
C．Frequent noise-caused sleep disturbances will disappear soon．
D．Official policies can be put on noise pollution to guarantee better sleep．
16．What is the main idea of the text？
A．Noise during sleep affects your heart．
B．Noise-free sleep is changing your life．
C．Noise pollution during sleep will be banned．
D．Various physical reactions arise during sleep．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍澳大利亚一所大学的研究，揭示了睡眠时噪音会影响心脏这一理论。
13．C 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Researchers noted that being exposed to noise pollution during sleep may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, heart disease, and other harmful health effects．(研究人员指出，睡眠时暴露在噪音污染中可能会增加患心血管疾病的风险，如高血压、心脏病和其他有害健康的影响。)”可知，睡觉时如果有噪音，可能会增加心血管疾病的风险，并且会造成有害影响；第一段“They found that certain levels of noise while sleeping, even those below recommended safe levels, may affect a person's cardiovascular(心血管的) response．When slowly activated during sleep, these responses ‘could potentially have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system，'said researchers．(他们发现，睡眠时的某些噪音水平，甚至低于建议的安全水平，可能会影响一个人的心血管反应。研究人员说，当这些反应在睡眠中被缓慢激活时，‘可能会对心血管系统产生adverse影响’。)”也是表述会造成“不利影响”。故选C。
14．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers exposed 20 adult participants to various decibels(分贝) of wind farm and road noise while asleep, and then monitored physical responses including blood flow and heart rates as well as sleep awakenings．Although asleep, participants reacted to these noises, as found by the researchers．(研究人员让20名成年参与者在睡眠时暴露在不同分贝的风电场和道路噪音中，然后监测身体反应，包括血液流动和心率以及睡眠觉醒。研究人员发现，虽然参与者睡着了，但他们对这些噪音有反应。)”可知，血流量和心率、睡眠觉醒对噪音是有反应的，排除C、D两项；根据第三段“For example, a 48-decibel (dB) noise, which is quieter than the 50-dB hum of a refrigerator, was 3-4 times more likely to cause a change in participants' pulse wave amplitude(脉搏波振幅), which is a measurement that relates to blood flow．(例如，48分贝的噪音比50分贝的冰箱嗡嗡声更安静，导致参与者脉搏波振幅变化的可能性要高3至4倍，这是一种与血液流动有关的测量方法。)”可知，噪音对脉冲波幅也会造成影响，排除A。故选B。
15．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To help reduce the potential increased health risks caused by frequent noise-caused sleep disturbances, researchers note that their findings help create public policies around noise levels during sleep．(为了帮助减少频繁的噪音引起的睡眠障碍所带来的潜在的健康风险，研究人员指出，他们的发现有助于制定围绕睡眠噪音水平的公共政策。)”可知，研究人员希望能够针对噪音污染制定官方政策来保证更好的睡眠。故选D。
16．A 文章大意题。根据第一段“Researchers out of Australia's Flinders University recently studied various physical reactions during sleep when exposed to noise．They found that certain levels of noise while sleeping, even those below recommended safe levels, may affect a person's cardiovascular (心血管的) response．(澳大利亚弗林德斯大学的研究人员最近研究了睡眠中暴露在噪音下的各种身体反应。他们发现，睡眠时的某些噪音水平，甚至低于建议的安全水平，可能会影响一个人的心血管反应。)”，倒数第二段“Sleep is typically a time for the body to rest and recover, and noise-caused activation of these cardiovascular responses during sleep may prevent a person from getting the proper amount of healthy sleep they need．(睡眠通常是身体休息和恢复的时间，睡眠中噪音引起的这些心血管反应的激活可能会阻止一个人获得所需的适量健康睡眠。)”和最后一段“Researchers noted that being exposed to noise pollution during sleep may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, heart disease, and other harmful health effects．(研究人员指出，睡眠时暴露在噪音污染中可能会增加患心血管疾病的风险，如高血压、心脏病和其他有害健康的影响。)”可知，本文主要讲的是睡眠时，噪音是如何影响心脏的。故选A。第二部分 专题一 第8讲
A
(2023·山东省济南市高三一模)
According to a study done by University of Michigan, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad than those only looking at items．
More than half of the 1,000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma, head researcher of the study, said they have shopped to deal with feelings of stress or depression．About 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress shopping said they had purchased alcohol when stressed．About 82 percent of women spend on clothing compared to 52 percent of men．Women also lead shopping for jewellery, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men．
In some sense, stress shopping can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered．The survey found 82 percent had only positive feelings about their purchases and that the positive mood was long-lasting．However, stress shopping, for many, could grow into a drive that uses up money, causes conflict, and therefore adds great stress to life．
Despite the in-time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long-lasting cure to stress or depression．Actually it needs to be avoided anyhow．Whether you're purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with brightness while shopping．Reward yourself for sticking to your list and you'll be more likely to commit to it．
In addition, always think about what you struggle with most financially．Do you spend too much money at the mall Eating out Vacations Make a list of where your money is going and take necessary steps to resist your desire．For example, if you spend too much money on dining out on weekends, stuff your cupboard with food on Friday．So you'll be more likely to stay in and cook．And you need to give up the need to keep up with others．Everyone's financial situation is different and comparison may lead to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have．
1．Why does the author mention those numbers in Paragraph 2？
A．To support an idea．
B．To attract readers．
C．To call for actions．
D．To introduce a topic．
2．Which of the following may help deal with stress shopping？
A．Stimulating desires．
B．Recording spendings．
C．Turning to medicines．
D．Comparing with others．
3．What is the author's attitude to stress shopping？
A．Unclear． B．Doubtful．
C．Objective． D．Negative．
4．What is a suitable title for the text？
A．Does shopping benefit us
B．More stressed, women or men
C．Should we compare with others
D．Can stress shopping reduce stress
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论压力购物是否能真的减轻压力。
1．A 推理判断题。根据第二段“More than half of the 1,000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma, head researcher of the study, said they have shopped to deal with feelings of stress or depression．About 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress shopping said they had purchased alcohol when stressed．About 82 percent of women spend on clothing compared to 52 percent of men．Women also lead shopping for jewellery, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men．(该研究的首席研究员Credit Karma调查了1 000名消费者，其中超过一半的人表示，他们曾通过购物来缓解压力或抑郁。大约48%的男性和31%的女性在压力下购物，他们说他们在压力下会买酒。大约82%的女性会在服装上花钱，而男性的这一比例为52%。女性购买珠宝的比例为42%，男性为22%。)”可知，这些数字是为了说明很多人通过购物来缓解压力。故选A。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第四段“Whether you're purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with brightness while shopping．(无论你是在买圣诞礼物还是买杂货，把你需要的东西写下来会让你在购物时头脑清醒。)”可知，可以记录支出帮助你应对压力购物。故选B。
3．D 观点态度题。根据第三段“However, stress shopping, for many, could grow into a drive that uses up money, causes conflict, and therefore adds great stress to life．(然而，对许多人来说，压力购物可能会发展成一种消耗金钱、引起冲突的冲动，因此给生活增加了巨大的压力。)”和第四段“Despite the in-time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long-lasting cure to stress or depression．(尽管购物能带来及时的快乐，但压力购物从来没有被证明是一种长期治愈压力或抑郁的方法。)”可知，作者对于压力购物是否定的。故选D。
4．D 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“According to a study done by University of Michigan, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad than those only looking at items．(根据密歇根大学的一项研究，通过购物来减压能给人40倍的控制感，购物的人比只看东西的人少三倍的悲伤。)”和第四段“Despite the in-time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long-lasting cure to stress or depression．(尽管购物能带来及时的快乐，但压力购物从来没有被证明是一种长期治愈压力或抑郁的方法。)”可知，本文主要讨论压力购物是否能减轻压力。故选D。
B
(2023·河南省焦作市普通高中高三二模)
Definitions of adult learning vary, but it is usually defined as all forms of learning undertaken by adults after having left initial education and training, however far this process may have gone．
Education and training are important factors for achieving the strategy objectives of raising economic growth, competitiveness and social inclusion．However, with some exceptions, the process of implementing education and training remains weak．Most education and training systems are still largely focused on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the lifespan．
An additional 4 million adults would need to participate in lifelong learning．Recent research confirms the importance of investing in adult learning．The research on adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier, with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs．
The big economic challenge in Europe is to raise its growth and employment performance while preserving social cohesion(凝聚力)．The rapid progress in other regions of the world shows the importance of creative, advanced and quality education and training as key factors of economic competitiveness．General levels of competence must increase, both to meet the needs of the labour market and to allow citizens to function well in today's society．
Europe is facing big demographic(人口的) changes that will have a major impact on society and on the economy and consequently on education and training provision and needs．Over the next 30 years, the number of younger Europeans will fall by 15%．One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old, and about one in ten will be over 80．
Given the challenges identified above, raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons．Not only does lifelong learning help make adults more efficient workers and more active citizens, but it also contributes to their personal well-being．
5．Which can replace the underlined word “implementing” in Paragraph 2？
A．Carrying out． B．Taking in．
C．Knowing about． D．Looking over．
6．What can we learn from the research？
A．Adults have reduced healthcare costs．
B．Learning is good for adults' health．
C．Few adults need to receive learning．
D．More research will focus on learning．
7．What problem does Europe face according to the text？
A．Europeans are not healthy．
B．Many old Europeans have died．
C．The European population is aging．
D．Young Europeans are out of work．
8．What does the author want to express in the last paragraph？
A．Lifelong learning is essential．
B．Raising adult population is significant．
C．We should help more efficient workers．
D．Work contributes to personal well-being．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了终身教育的好处和推广终身教育的重要性。
5．A 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Most education and training systems are still largely focused on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the lifespan．(大多数教育和培训制度仍然主要侧重于年轻人的教育和培训，在改变制度以反映整个生命周期的学习需求方面进展有限。)”可知，大多数教育系统都在关注年轻人，而关于终身教育的系统却没取得什么进步，即实施教育和培训的进程仍然薄弱。implementing意为“执行，实施”。故选A。
6．B 细节理解题。根据第三段“The research on adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier, with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs．(对成年人的研究表明，积极学习的人更健康，因此医疗成本也会降低。)”可知，那些参与学习的成年人更加健康。故选B。
7．C 推理判断题。根据第五段“Europe is facing big demographic(人口的) changes．．．Over the next 30 years, the number of younger Europeans will fall by 15%．One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old, and about one in ten will be over 80．(欧洲正面临巨大的人口结构变化……未来30年，欧洲年轻人的数量将下降15%。三分之一的欧洲人将超过60岁，大约十分之一的人将超过80岁。)”可知，欧洲年轻人的数量会减少，而老年人的数量会增多。这表明欧洲正面临人口老龄化问题。故选C。
8．A 写作意图题。根据最后一段“Given the challenges identified above, raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons．Not only does lifelong learning help make adults more efficient workers and more active citizens, but it also contributes to their personal well-being．(鉴于上述挑战，通过在整个成人生活中提供更多更好的学习机会来提高成年人的整体技能水平，对效率和公平都很重要。终身学习不仅有助于成年人成为更高效的工作者和更积极的公民，还有助于他们的个人幸福。)”可知，作者想表达终身教育的重要性，终身教育是必不可少的。故选A。
C
(2023·吉林省白山市高三一模)
In many casual discussion of language on the Internet, it's common to hear about how “textspeak (短信语言)” is ruining language．Some people argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and write．Mainstream media have complained about the way in which people communicate using technology．
Of course, language does change when it's used to text or write messages online．“Textspeak” is an evolution of language．It's even the focus of the field of linguistics (语言学) called Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)．This field is devoted to the study of interaction facilitated by technology like computers, mobile phones and tablets．People have been complaining about language being “ruined” as long as they've been writing and speaking．In a talk, linguist John McWhorter shared stories of people complaining about language change through the ages．He said in AD 63, for example, a Roman scholar complained that students of Latin were writing in an “artificial language”．In fact, this writing was a new language that would become French!
Today, people are able to communicate rapidly using a wide variety of tools and technologies．Perhaps no linguistic development better indicates changes in the ways we communicate than the popular emoticon (表情符号), which can produce very clear pictures in our minds．The emoticon “：)”， for example, is a visual representation of a smiley face turned sideways．Although an emoticon may look like a smile, a frown or any number of facial expressions, it doesn't really represent a face．Instead, it's intended to express a feeling, such as “I'm happy” or “just joking”．
Emoticons that represent these feelings are what linguists call discourse particles．These are little pieces of language that offer information about the tone of the statement though some elders feel puzzled about it．Far from ruining language, it turns out that “textspeak” enables people to communicate complex feelings in a simple, streamlined manner．This kind of change is perfect for the modern, fast-paced world．
9．What have mainstream media complained about according to Paragraph 1？
A．Communication barriers．
B．The mode of communication．
C．Technological innovations．
D．The laziness of modern people．
10．How does the author support the argument on language evolution？
A．By giving an example．
B．By conducting an experiment．
C．By making comparisons．
D．By underlying assumptions．
11．Which word can best describe emoticons？
A．Misty． B．Violent．
C．Vivid． D．Mysterious．
12．What is the author's attitude towards “textspeak”？
A．Approving． B．Tolerant．
C．Unconcerned． D．Unclear．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比人们对于短信语言的使用的不同态度，进而提出自己的观点：这种变化非常适合现代快节奏的世界。
9．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Mainstream media have complained about the way in which people communicate using technology．(主流媒体抱怨人们使用科技进行交流的方式。)”可知，主流媒体抱怨的是人们的沟通方式。故选B。
10．A 推理判断题。根据第二段“In a talk, linguist John McWhorter shared stories of people complaining about language change through the ages．He said in AD 63, for example, a Roman scholar complained that students of Latin were writing in an ‘artificial language'．In fact, this writing was a new language that would become French！(在一次谈话中，语言学家约翰·麦克沃特分享了人们抱怨语言随着时代变化的故事。他举例说，在公元63年，一位罗马学者抱怨学生用‘人工语言’写作。事实上，这种文字是一种新的语言，将成为法语！)”可知，此处使用举例的方式证明了语言的进化。故选A。
11．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Perhaps no linguistic development better indicates changes in the ways we communicate than the popular emoticon (表情符号), which can produce very clear pictures in our minds．(也许没有哪种语言的发展能比流行的表情符号更好地表明我们交流方式的变化，这种表情符号可以在我们的脑海中形成非常清晰的图像。)”可知，表情符号是生动的。故选C。
12．A 观点态度题。根据最后一段“This kind of change is perfect for the modern, fast-paced world．(这种变化非常适合现代快节奏的世界。)”可知，作者对于使用表情符号等类似的短信语言的态度是赞同的。故选A。
D
(2023·山西省三重教育高考考前模拟)
More people are using ChatGPT to create books for sale．Although sales have so far been slow, human writers are worried that ChatGPT-created books might hurt the writing and publishing industry．
Brett Schickler never imagined he could be a published author．After learning about the ChatGPT artificial intelligence program, Brett decided that he had a good chance．Using the AI software, Brett created a 30-page children's e-book in a few hours．He offered it for sale through Amazon's self-publishing section and it made Brett less than $100．While that may not sound like much, it's enough to drive him to create other books using the software．Amazon is by far the largest seller of both physical and e-books．It has well over half of the sales in the United States and over 80 percent of the e-book market．There were over 200 e-books in Amazon's Kindle store as of mid-February that say ChatGPT is a writer or co-writer．And the number is rising daily．But due to the nature of ChatGPT and many writers' failure to admit that they have used it, it is impossible to get a full count of how many e-books may be written by AI．
Some professional writers are showing their concern．“This is something we really need to know, these books will flood the market and many writers are going to be out of work，” said Mary Rasenberger, the executive director of the Authors Guild, “The ability to create with AI could turn book writing from an art into a commodity (商品)．”
Not everyone is impressed by the software．Mark Dawson, who has sold millions of copies of books he wrote himself through Kindle Direct Publishing, was quick to call ChatGPT-assisted novels dull．Dawson said that quality is important in the book business．“It plays a part in how books are recommended to other readers．If a book gets bad reviews, it's quickly going to sink to the bottom．”
13．Why is Brett Schickler mentioned in Paragraph 2？
A．To share the trick of making a fortune by writing．
B．To share how to create e-books by using an AI program．
C．To predict the development of an AI program in the future．
D．To show how an AI program helped people with their writing．
14．What do we know about the e-books in Amazon's Kindle store？
A．Many of them are related to AI topics．
B．Many of them are accurately recorded by AI．
C．Some of them are possibly created by AI．
D．Many of them are more popular than before．
15．What does Mary Rasenberger worry about？
A．Professional writers' lack of inspiration．
B．ChatGPT's impact on the publishing industry．
C．Readers' difficulty in finding their favorite novels．
D．Authors' failure to write good novels without ChatGPT．
16．What is the main idea of the text？
A．ChatGPT might harm original writing．
B．The impact of ChatGPT is huger than before．
C．Many people rely on ChatGPT to make a living．
D．ChatGPT is better than humans in terms of writing．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了人们使用ChatGPT产生的不良影响，ChatGPT可能会损害原创写作。
13．D 推理判断题。根据第二段“Brett Schickler never imagined he could be a published author．After learning about the ChatGPT artificial intelligence program, Brett decided that he had a good chance．Using the AI software, Brett created a 30-page children's e-book in a few hours．(Brett Schickler从未想过自己会成为一名出版作家。在了解了ChatGPT人工智能项目后，Brett认为他有一个很好的机会。使用人工智能软件，Brett在几个小时内创作了一本30页的儿童电子书。)”可知，本段提到Brett Schickler是为了展示人工智能程序是如何帮助人们写作的。故选D。
14．C 推理判断题。根据第二段“There were over 200 e-books in Amazon's Kindle store as of mid-February that say ChatGPT is a writer or co-writer．And the number is rising daily．But due to the nature of ChatGPT and many writers' failure to admit that they have used it, it is impossible to get a full count of how many e-books may be written by AI．(截至2月中旬，亚马逊Kindle商店中有超过200本电子书称ChatGPT是作者或合著者。这个数字每天都在上升。但由于ChatGPT的性质以及许多作者不愿承认他们使用过它，因此不可能全面统计人工智能可能会写多少本书。)”可知，亚马逊Kindle商店里的电子书有些可能是人工智能创造的。故选C。
15．B 细节理解题。根据第三段“This is something we really need to know, these books will flood the market and many writers are going to be out of work．(这是我们真的需要知道的事情，这些书将充斥市场，许多作家将失业。)”以及“The ability to create with AI could turn book writing from an art into a commodity (商品)．(用人工智能进行创作的能力可能会把写书从一门艺术变成一种商品。)”可知，Mary Rasenberger担心ChatGPT对出版业的影响。故选B。
16．A 文章大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“More people are using ChatGPT to create books for sale．Although sales have so far been slow, human writers are worried that ChatGPT-created books might hurt the writing and publishing industry．(越来越多的人使用ChatGPT创建图书销售。尽管迄今为止销售缓慢，但人类作家担心ChatGPT创作的书籍可能会损害写作和出版行业。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们使用ChatGPT产生的不良影响，ChatGPT可能会损害原创写作。故选A。第二部分 专题一 第9讲
A
(2023·辽宁省沈阳市高中高三二模)
Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital resource．By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe．It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface．
The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process．Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases．Swot will scan the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations(高度) around smaller currents and eddies(漩涡), where much of the oceans' decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur．“Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it，” said Nadya Shiffer, Swot's program scientist．
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation(外推法)．Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth．This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than it was previously possible．
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it's giving us a map of elevations, and that's just a total game changer，” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader．
1．What does the underlined expression “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to？
A．Technology． B．Climate．
C．Oceans． D．Water．
2．What is the major mission of Swot satellite？
A．To identify when global warming is worsened．
B．To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2．
C．To study how oceans influence climate change．
D．To explain why greenhouse gas comes into being．
3．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely？
A．The high-definition computer．
B．Advanced radar technology．
C．The three-dimensional image．
D．An accurate map of elevations．
4．Which can be the best title for the text？
A．A Solution to Climate Change
B．A Breakthrough in Space Travel
C．Successful Launch of Swot Satellite
D．First Global Water Survey from Space
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了计划于周四上午发射的Swot卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。
1．D 词句猜测题。根据画线短语下文“By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe．It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface．(通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这真的是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。)”和上文“Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital resource．(Swot卫星计划于周四上午发射，对地球的vital resource进行全面调查。)”可知，Swot卫星通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据，然后对这些水资源进行调查，vital resource指的是下文提到的water。故选D。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process．(其主要任务是探索海洋如何通过自然过程吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化。)”可知，Swot卫星的主要任务是探索海洋如何通过自然过程吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化，即研究海洋如何影响气候变化。故选C。
3．B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth．This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than it was previously possible．(多亏了雷达仪器，Swot可以在地球的大范围内扫描云层和黑暗。这使得科学家能够精确地绘制二维地图，无论天气如何，无论何时，覆盖大面积地理区域的速度比以前快得多。)”可知，先进的雷达技术使得Swot能够精确测量。故选B。
4．D 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital resource．By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe．It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface．”可知，文章主要介绍了计划于周四上午发射的Swot卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。D项“第一次从太空对全球的水进行调查”适合作文章标题。故选D。
B
(2023·四川省德阳市高中高三一模)
An artwork in the graduation exhibition of the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts in Guangdong's provincial capital has spread on the Internet．A number of domestic media organizations have reported on Huang Jianyi's life and his artwork, a giant construction worker made of more than 700 kilograms of steel bars and iron plates．
He named his 194cm-by-113cm-by-230cm sculpture The Soul of Construction Workers．He said he made the sculpture in honor of his father and all Chinese construction workers who have contributed to the country's urban development．
To build it, he bought 750 kg of steel bars and iron plates from online platforms and nearby recycling centers for about 4 yuan per kg．Apart from eating and sleeping, Huang Jianyi devoted all his time to his work．“Sometimes, I even stayed up from midnight to 5 or 6 a．m．, and when the sun rose, I would sleep in my chair for a few hours，” Huang said．“I think all the hard work was worth it, especially now that the sculpture is being recognized by the public．”
Born into a poor family in Leizhou city, under the administration of Zhanjiang city in western Guangdong, Huang said he deeply understood how hard life was for builders．“As construction workers, my parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to return home once every few months，” he said．
And after he arrived in Guangzhou to go to university, he discovered that many builders have to work in the scorching sun or in the pouring rain．“My father, who is the pillar of my family, is not very good at expressing his feelings, but I know he was very delighted when he saw my sculpture，” Huang said．
5．Why did Huang Jianyi build the sculpture？
A．To honor people like his father．
B．To celebrate his graduation．
C．To win an art competition．
D．To draw people's attention．
6．What mostly led Huang Jianyi to build the sculpture？
A．The hardship of his college life．
B．The scorching sun and pouring rain．
C．The hard life of construction workers．
D．The encouragement from the government．
7．What can we know from the text？
A．Huang usually traveled with his parents．
B．Huang's parents once worked in Hainan．
C．Huang spent his spare time creating the sculpture．
D．Huang's father expressed his delight at the sculpture．
8．What is the public's attitude to Huang Jianyi's sculpture
A．Indifferent． B．Critical．
C．Favorable． D．Ambiguous．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了毕业生黄建亿的毕业作品“筑魂”，目的是向父亲以及其他建筑工人致敬。
5．A 细节理解题。由第二段“He said he made the sculpture in honor of his father and all Chinese construction workers who have contributed to the country's urban development．(他说，他制作这座雕塑是为了向他的父亲和所有为国家城市发展做出贡献的中国建筑工人表示敬意。)”可知，黄建亿建雕塑是为了向他父亲这样的中国建筑工人致敬。故选A。
6．C 细节理解题。由第四段“Born into a poor family in Leizhou city, under the administration of Zhanjiang city in western Guangdong, Huang said he deeply understood how hard life was for builders．‘As construction workers, my parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to return home once every few months’(黄建亿出生在广东西部湛江市管理的雷州市的一个贫困家庭，他说，他深深理解建筑工人的生活是多么艰难。作为建筑工人，我的父母经常外出工作，在我小时候有时会远到海南省，他们过去每隔几个月就回家一次)”和最后一段“And after he arrived in Guangzhou to go to university, he discovered that many builders have to work in the scorching sun or in the pouring rain．(到广州上大学后，他发现许多建筑工人不得不在烈日下或大雨中工作。)”可知，黄建亿知道建筑工人的艰苦生活，才会建向中国建筑工人致敬的雕塑。故选C。
7．B 细节理解题。由第四段“As construction workers, my parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to return home once every few months (作为建筑工人，我的父母经常外出工作，在我小时候有时会远到海南省，他们过去每隔几个月就回家一次)”可知，黄建亿的父母曾在海南工作。故选B。
8．C 观点态度题。由第三段“I think all the hard work was worth it, especially now that the sculpture is being recognized by the public．(我认为所有的努力都是值得的，尤其是现在这座雕塑已经得到了公众的认可。)”可知，公众认可黄建亿的雕塑，他们的态度是支持的。故选C。
C
(2023·贵州省高考前备考指导解压)
Pacing behind his cow barn, David Haakenson looks out over the farm where his family has lived since 1989．
Today, it's surrounded by water from the Snoqualmie River．
Haakenson was 4 years old in 1989, when his family moved to what is now Jubilee Farm in Carnation．Last year, he and his wife Kristin bought the business and property to farm．
The farm saw a big flood in 1990, and several more since．But last year, there were at least five, with two just last week．
“I think it's a unique experience in the history of the farm．”
This most recent event is a problem, but it's more troublesome than destruction．It's winter, so the crops aren't in．The animals are safely gathered on higher ground．The equipment is out of harm's way too．October was a different story．
So, aside from the fact that his family has been there since he was in preschool, why farm in a floodplain
“There's really no place left in King County to farm on a bigger scale，” he said．“River valleys make good farm land．The soil is rich．We can go out and plow (犁) and spade and plant vegetables and we'll never hit a rock．”
Farmers here plan for floods, but not this many and not this intense．Haakenson says he watches flood gauges (测算) “religiously”， and is impressed with the amount of information he can get, and the predictions meteorologists (气象学家) are now able to make．
A local nonprofit, the Snoqualmie Valley Preservation Alliance, is hoping to give farmers like him even more information．They've placed their own gauges in the Snoqualmie River, and connected them to a website where farmers and others can check the river levels．
And Haakenson has ideas about what might be responsible for the more frequent flooding, and he wishes there would be more studies to explore the impacts of development, especially on those downriver．
“I have a really hard time sleeping when the water's coming up，” he said．“When you make your living off a piece of ground, it's really hard to sleep when it feels like it's in danger．”
9．What can we infer about the farm in October？
A．Pumpkins float away．
B．The animals are still safe．
C．The crops aren't washed away．
D．Farmers leave the farm separately．
10．According to Paragraph 4, what does the author want to show？
A．Flooding is becoming usual．
B．Valley farm has rich water．
C．Rivers valley has good farm land．
D．Valley farmers like to count flooding．
11．How does David Haakenson look forward to the future of farm？
A．Doubtful． B．Hopeful．
C．Desperate． D．Energetic．
12．Why does Haakenson have difficulty sleeping in the last paragraph？
A．Because he hated the flooding．
B．Because he was too frightened to sleep．
C．Because he was concerned about the farm．
D．Because he was worried about his safety．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了大卫·哈肯森的农场遭遇了洪水的侵袭。
9．A 推理判断题。根据第六段尤其是最后一句“October was a different story．(十月是不同的景象。)”可知，十月是庄稼收获的时候，洪水冲刷的危害就很严重，可以想象“南瓜被洪水冲得四处漂流”。故选A。
10．A 推理判断题。根据第四段“The farm saw a big flood in 1990, and several more since．But last year, there were at least five, with two just last week．(这个农场在1990年经历了一次大洪水，此后又经历了几次。但在去年，至少发生了五起，仅上周就发生了两起。)”可知，洪水已成为一种常态。故选A。
11．B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“And Haakenson has ideas about what might be responsible for the more frequent flooding, and he wishes there would be more studies to explore the impacts of development, especially on those downriver．(哈肯森对更频繁的洪水的原因有自己的想法，他希望能有更多的研究来探索洪水发展的影响，尤其是对下游地区的影响。)”可知，他希望治理河谷的洪灾，对河谷的未来也充满希望。故选B。
12．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘I have a really hard time sleeping when the water's coming up，’ he said．‘When you make your living off a piece of ground, it's really hard to sleep when it feels like it's in danger．’(‘水涨起来的时候，我真的很难入睡，’他说。‘当你在一块土地上谋生时，当你觉得它处于危险之中时，你真的很难入睡。’)”可知，他因担心河谷处于危险中而难以入睡。故选C。
D
(2023·安徽省淮北市高三二模)
Here's a recipe for a good animal rescue story: Take one residential creek (小溪), add one lone dolphin and then bring in 28 determined biologists．Mix well and enjoy the happy ending．
A young dolphin wandered off its usual path and ended up in a creek in Clearwater, Florida．Biologists with Clearwater Marine Aquarium had been monitoring it since Jan．1．It appeared reluctant to return to open waters via a small opening under a bridge．“Since monitoring began, the dolphin had not left the creek，” the aquarium said last week．“This posed potential long-term problems．Dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are isolated from other dolphins, they may turn their attention to human interaction．” This can be dangerous, both for dolphins and humans．Humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves with injuries such as broken bones．
Clearwater Marine Aquarium partnered with NOAA Fisheries and the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission to guard the dolphin to safety．A team of 28 biologists got into the water to form a human chain, creating a visual and sound barrier to aim the dolphin out of the creek．It's not easy to pull off a human chain in a creek．The biologists had to stay shoulder to shoulder and navigate trees and docks without giving the dolphin an opportunity to slip by．The human encouragement worked, though there was a moment of uncertainty as the team members neared the bridge and weren't sure if the dolphin went through．
The biologists celebrated the dolphin's arrival on the other side．“It was very exciting after almost 20 plus days for him to finally be out of the canal，” said senior rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica．
The wandering dolphin stands a good chance back out in the wild．“We noted that the animal was in good body condition with normal breathing rates and was displaying normal behavior during observations，” the aquarium said．
Happy ending achieved．
13．What attracted the biologists to monitor a young dolphin？
A．Its unusual wandering path．
B．A small opening under a bridge．
C．Its interactions with human．
D．A creek with potential problems．
14．Why did the biologists stay shoulder to shoulder？
A．To experience dolphins' swim in the creek．
B．To avoid heavy injuries from the sociable dolphin．
C．To create a barrier guiding the dolphin out of the creek．
D．To give encouragement to each other while working in the wild．
15．Which can best describe the author's writing style？
A．Humorous． B．Flowery．
C．Informal． D．Rough．
16．What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．A Good Way to Rescue Wild Animals
B．A Human Chain to Save a Dolphin's Life
C．A Heart-stopping Survival Game in Florida
D．A Celebration of Biologists Studying Dolphins
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了生物学家们排成人链拯救了一只海豚，他们没有使用渔网或任何可能令海豚感到压力的工具，使海豚最后顺利逃离了淡水河。
13．A 细节理解题。根据第二段“A young dolphin wandered off its usual path and ended up in a creek in Clearwater, Florida．(在佛罗里达州克利尔沃特市，一只小海豚偏离了原来的路线，最终掉进了一条小溪里。)”可知，吸引生物学家来监测一只小海豚是因为它不同寻常的漫游路径。故选A。
14．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“The biologists had to stay shoulder to shoulder and navigate trees and docks without giving the dolphin an opportunity to slip by．(生物学家们不得不肩并肩地待在树上和码头上，不给海豚一个溜走的机会。)”可知，生物学家排成人链是为了建造一个屏障，引导海豚离开小溪。故选C。
15．A 推理判断题。文章开头作者用recipe一词引出主题，recipe一词为双关，即指写文章的秘诀，也指烹饪所用的食谱。作者在此把写文章比作做菜，这篇救援文章里的几个要素就如食材混合在一起之后(mix well)，让它成为一篇好文章。在文章末尾处“Happy ending achieved．(圆满结束。)”，进行呼应，可见这是一种幽默的表达。由此推知，作者的写作风格是幽默的。故选A。
16．B 标题归纳题。本文为新闻报道，讲述了一群热血生物学家用人链送一条海豚重返大海，结合第一段“Here's a recipe for a good animal rescue story: Take one residential creek (小溪), add one lone dolphin and then bring in 28 determined biologists．Mix well and enjoy the happy ending．(这里有一个很好的动物救援故事的食谱：以一条居民小溪为例，加上一只孤独的海豚，然后引进28位坚定的生物学家。好好混合，享受幸福的结局。)”可知，文章的最佳标题是拯救海豚生命的人链。故选B。
※小贴士：阅读理解中错误选项的特征
第一类错误：
(1)无中生有。选项所说内容看似合理，但在原文中未提及或与原文不符。
(2)正反混淆。选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反。
(3)答非所问。虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边。
第二类错误：
(1)绝对化错误。常用all，every等词汇。
(2)扩大范围。注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly。
(3)因果倒置。
(4)常识判断错误。
