上海市部分区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末（一模）英语试题分类汇编
选词填空
2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. housed B. overcome C. mounting D. distress E. marveling F. instrument
G. chain H. facilitate I. pilot J. confused K. striking
Unlocking The Vatican Museums
Gianni Crea has, almost every morning for the past decade, unlocked the doors to the Vatican Museums. He has seen the splendor of the Sistine Chapel and admired the textures of ancient Egypt. “Yes, I’m a key keeper. But the doors I open are the ones to the history of art, and it’s here that exists the biggest and most beautiful history in the world,” says Crea.
The Vatican Museums have (31) ______ collections since the 15th century, including tens of thousands of artworks and artifacts spanning prehistory to modern times. The most (32) ______ one of them, according to Crea, is Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel. He recalls being (33) ______ with emotion the first time he accompanied the former head key keeper to open the chapel more than 20 years ago. Since then, he’s witnessed people of all faiths (34) ______ at the chapel’s loveliness, something the church believes is increasingly vital during these unsettled times.
“In the difficult current context the world is experiencing, in which sadness and (35) ______ seem to have the upper hand, art is more necessary than ever, because beauty is always a source of joy,” Pope Francis said last year.
There is also (36) ______ scientific evidence to support this view. A 2019 WHO analysis revealed that artistic and cultural activities (37) ______ physical and psychological health. In fall 2022, physicians at Brussels’ hospitals partnered with the city to launch a six-month (38) ______ study examining the benefits of “museum prescriptions as supplemental treatment for stress, burnout, and anxiety”. It’s the first investigation of its kind in Europe and is expected to have (39) ______ effects across the continent. And in the wake of the pandemic (疫情), which forced the Vatican Museums to close three times between 2020 and 2021, there’s a growing movement for wider and easier access to the arts for people’s well-being. “The Vatican Museums must open their doors to people from all over the world, as a(n) (40) ______ of dialogue between cultures and religions,” Pope Francis wrote in his 2015 publication.
“Everyone can find something beautiful and moving here,” says Crea, who always welcomes travelers from around the world to accompany him during his morning routine on select dates. “The Vatican Museums will give you an understanding of art and history regardless of your faith.”
2024届上海市徐汇区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. attraction B. waiting C. mystery D. unique E. simply F. originally G. stable H. popularity I. donating J. searching K. interfere
There’s a rarely-visited, dusty corner of the world where something magical happens. The place, which looks like Mars with its red rock landscape, is the Tatacoa Desert, in Colombia.
Tatacoa is located in the region of Huila, south of the country’s capital Bogotá. Although Tatacoa, with its protruding cacti and red rippled rocks, is called a desert, it is in fact a dry tropical forest. But the exciting, and very (31) _______, feature of this desert, is what happens above it, at night.
Thanks to its remote location–it’s almost 30 miles and an hour’s drive over bumpy winding roads to the nearest town–Tatacoa has no light pollution to (32) _______ with the night sky.
Up to 88 constellations (星座) are visible on a clear night, as well as both hemispheres – something that happens nowhere else in the world.
The warm and dry climate helps with stargazing; a (33) _______ atmosphere, which happens in dry spots or places of high elevation, decreases something called scintillation, which is when a star’s light rises and falls rapidly. It’s why stars twinkle, which looks beautiful but isn’t so great for astronomers.
Not only is Tatacoa a natural wonder, but the DIY observatory that’s run by a Colombian man named Javier Fernanda Rua Restrepo has become a star (34) _______ too. In fact, this humble building attracts stargazers from all over the world, from China to Iceland to Australia. And Restrepo has also become well-known in astronomer circles, with a few scientists (35) _______ their own telescopes to support the grassroots observatory.
The Colombian, who is (36) _______ from Cali, fell in love with the stars thanks to his father’s interest in astronomy and science, and first visited Tatacoa in 1997, to try to see the Comet Hale-Bopp. He stayed for a couple of days before heading back to his hometown. But within a month, he returned to Tatacoa–and never left, camping out for weeks on end (37) _______ for the night to come so that he could watch the stars.
At first Restrepo had worked at the Colombian government’s observatory, which he helped staff for 15 years. But after budget cuts meant he lost his job, he figured he would (38) _______ build his own.
In 2015, Restrepo opened the doors to his observatory–Tatacoa Astronomia–with just one telescope. Now, as Colombia has grown in (39) _______ as a tourist destination, hundreds flock to Restrepo’s star party, which he holds once a year in July.
Tatacoa Astronomia is only open on starry nights, and Restrepo remains the sole employee. But that doesn’t distract from the intimacy and the specialness of the place. The structure sits on a small patch of land that Restrepo bought himself, and is cordoned（隔离）off by tarpaulin（油布） to add an extra sense of (40) _______ and intrigue（阴谋）for visitors.
“The stars… they put my life into its tiny perspective,” he says, “and they constantly remind me there are greater things out there.”
2024届上海市松江区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. attractive B. bothered C. building D. contrasts E. crossed F. demonstrates G. dramatically H. greyed I. instrumental J. sustaining K. vividly
A Review on Oppenheimer
Oppenheimer is Christopher Nolan's film about J. Robert Oppenheimer, the man known as "the father of the atomic(原子的) bomb". As a drama about genius, pride and error, it ___31___the life of the American theoretical physicist who helped research and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two cities in Japan, during World War II.
Oppenheimer is a great achievement, partly because it ___32___relates that period of history thanks to Nolan's lifelike filmmaking. Nolan goes deep and long on the ___33____of the bomb, but he doesn't restage the attacks and there are no documentary images of the dead or cities in ashes.
The story tracks Oppenheimer across decades, starting in the 1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair___34___. The film touches on his personal and professional milestones, the controversies that ___35 ___him, and the attacks that nearly ruined him. Besides, the friendships and romances___36 ___ him, yet also troubling, are also described.
The path of Oppenheimer's life ___ 37___ shifted at Berkeley. He was once only an academic there, but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force. By that time, Oppenheimer had become friends with Emest Lawrence, a physicist who invented the historic particle accelerator (粒子加速器)and played a(n)___38___role in the Manhattan Project. And Oppenheimer also met the project's military head and was then made director of Los Alamos, where much of his later research on nuclear weapons took place.
Francois Truffaut once wrote that "war films, even those who support peace, even the best, willingly or not, present wars in a certain___39___ way.”That is why Nolan refuses to show the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing millions of souls. In the film, you hear that Oppenheimer's famous words ___40___his own mind as the mushroom cloud rose:“Now I am become Death,the destroyer of worlds."Nolan is actually reminding audience to reconsider the roles they can play in the world.
2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. objected B. choices C. inequality D. combination E. paid F. respond
G. personality H. fade I. reduce J. inherited K. environmental
What makes us happy
You probably know the type of personality in some people: they seem to be hopeful in almost everything. Are they simply born happy Is it the product of their environment Or does it come from their life decisions
If you are familiar with genetics research, you will have guessed that it is a 31 of all three. A 2018 study of 1516 Norwegian twins suggests that around 30% of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is 32 . Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.
To put this in context, the heritability of IQ is thought to be around 80%, so 33 factors clearly play a role in our happiness. These include our physical health, the size and strength of our social network, job opportunities and income. It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us, which may explain why the level of 34 predicts happiness better than GDP.
Interestingly, many important life 35 have only a little influence on our happiness. Consider marriage. A 2019 study found that, on average, life satisfaction does rise after the wedding, but the feeling of happiness tends to 36 over middle age.
Parenthood is even more complex. For decades, social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without. More recent research, however, suggests that there are important regional differences.
Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in 37 parental
leave, flexible working hours, affordable childcare and holiday leave, which together 38 the potential for work-family conflict. The effects of these policies may play out across generations. In addition to the legacy of their genes, parents’ own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour, which will, in turn, shape the
39 of their children.
Our life satisfaction, then, is shaped by our genes, health, economic prospects, relationships and the culture around us. While many of these things may be beyond your control, there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to 40 to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.
2024届上海市闵行区高三上学期学业质量调研一模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. mine B. criteria C. cataloged D. candidate E. delay
F. anticipating G. comprised H. perceiving I. initiative J. compounds
K. unfavorable
What Lies Beneath
“Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun. After all, an alien (外星人) examining it through a telescope would note that two-thirds of its surface is
31 not of land but of oceans of water. Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than 2,000,000 species of marine animals, of which they have so far 32 perhaps a tenth.
A new 33 hopes to change this. Smoothly launched in London on April 27th, Ocean Census (海洋普查) aims to discover 100,000 new species of marine animal over the coming decade.
The attempt is happening now for two reasons. One is that, the longer scientists 34 , the fewer there will be to document. Climate change is heating the oceans, as well as making them more acidic as carbon dioxide is absorbed into the water.
The second one is technological. Marine biologists discover about 2,000 new species a year, a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day. Ocean Census is 35 it can go faster. “Cyber taxonomy (网络分类学)”, for instance, involves feeding animal DNA information into computers, which can quickly decide whether it meets the 36 for a new species.
Exactly what the new effort might turn up, of course, is impossible to forecast. But history suggests it will be fruitful. Half a century ago scientists detected hot openings on the sea bed that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that, until then, had been thought 37 to life. These days, such openings are one credible 38 for the origin of all life on Earth.
More practical benefits can’t be ignored. Many drugs, for example, come originally from biological 39 . An ocean full of unrecorded life will almost certainly prove a rich seam (矿层) from which to 40 more.
To help make use of its data, Ocean Census plans to make it attainable to scientists and the public without charge, who will be able to search it for anything valuable or unexpected.
参考答案
2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷
31~40 AKBED CHIGF
2024届上海市徐汇区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Section B
31- 35 D K G A I 36 - 40 F B E H C
2024届上海市松江区高三上学期一模英语试卷
For reference:
31-35.FKCHB
36-40 JGIAE
难的单词：
Building：逐渐增强。
Cross：掠过心头；穿越脑海。
Grey：变灰白。
Instrumental：起重要作用的。
Sustaining：支持；支援；救济。
难填的空：
31：词性判定。从句一过，很容易判定主句一过。
36：这个空最难。因为词性上和troubling 并列，词义与yet troubling 转折，加上这个单词难，就难上加难。
39：句意难看懂：主干——战争，无论……还是……，都是美化事实的。
2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷
Section B 评分标准：每小题1分。
31-35 D J K C B 36-40 H E I G F
2024届上海市闵行区高三上学期学业质量调研一模英语试卷
Section B
31. G 32. C 33. I 34. E 35. F 36. B 37. K 38. D 39. J 40. A
