2023 北京一六一中高二 12 月月考英 语
2023.12
班级 姓名 学号
本试卷共 5 页，共 120 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：完形填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Jeremy can no longer read, drive a car or even recognize faces. But the 20-year-old, who lost his central vision two years ago, can 1 hit a small white ball into a slightly larger hole from a considerable distance.
Jeremy was diagnosed with an extremely rare disease called LHON. Faced with the onset of blindness, Jeremy admits he 2 into depression for a couple of months and feared he’d never play golf again.
One day on TV he saw a guy crying bitterly who had just lost his family when a plane crashed down on his house. Jeremy thought, “If this guy can make it through this, then I can 3 having no central vision.” That became his motto: “Things could be 4 .”
So six months after losing his sight, Jeremy decided to 5 his golf club again. He had played every Sunday since the age of twelve with his Dad Lionel. Blind golf brought them even closer because, unlike the regular version of the sport, it’s a 6 game.
Lionel acts as his son’s sighted coach on the course. He 7 the hole and hazards (障碍). Then he points in the direction, while Jeremy places his chin on his dad’s shoulder to get a 8 of the correct position.
They played together and won the World Blind Golf Championship. Besides, Jeremy has been collecting money and raising 9 of LHON with sponsored bike rides, half-marathons and even sky dives. “That’s the greater 10 of my doing anything,” he told CNN.
1. A. casually B. seriously C. successfully D. accidentally
2. A. ran B. looked C. slipped D. burst
3. A. avoid B. suffer C. escape D. survive
4. A. funnier B. worse C. simpler D. crazier
5. A. look for B. show off C. pick up D. deal with
6. A. team B. class C. mind D. strength
7. A. clears B. measures C. discovers D. describes
8. A. sense B. sign C. view D. mark
9. A. levels B. awareness C. standards D. spirit
10. A. challenge B. opportunity C. potential D. purpose
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The Boy Made It!
One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could— he huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life.
In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find
his way out. When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon
A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis.
C. He hurt his eyes. D. He caught a cold.
How did Nicholas keep himself warm
A. He found a shelter.
C. He kept on skiing.
On Tuesday, Nicholas .
returned to his shelter safely
C. got stuck in the snow
He lighted some branches.
D. He built a snow cave.
B. was saved by a searcher
D. stayed where he was
Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .
did the right things in the dangerous situation.
watched Grylls’ TV program regularly
created some tips for survival
was very hard-working
B
Walking Water Science Experiment for Kids
Let’s get set up for walking water with a few quick and easy steps the kids can definitely be a part of! We used test tubes for three sets of primary colors. You can use less as long as you have enough to go around with all the colors mixing. First, add red, yellow, and blue food coloring (one color per test tube) in order. Give each test tube a little stir (搅拌) to evenly distribute the color. Try to put the same amount of food coloring in each container. Cut thin strips of white paper towel to fit in the test tubes. Place them into the test tubes. There will be two ends in each tube. Wait and watch what happens. At this point, you can set up a stopwatch to make notes of how long it takes for the colors to meet and mix.
Before you insert the strips, you have the perfect opportunity to make some predictions about what will happen. Have your kids come up with a prediction for their experiment Will the water walk You can start the conversation with “What do you think will happen when we put the towels into the water ”
The whole process starts pretty quickly, but it does take a while for the colors to begin to mix with each other. Extend the science activity: pull out the watercolors and do some color mixing art while you wait. Make sure to check on your walking water science experiment every once in a while to see the changes that are constantly taking place. The kids will be amazed at how the water seems to fight against gravity! As the paper towels absorb the colored water, the water travels up the towel strip. It meets up with the other colored water that has traveled up the neighboring strip. Where the primary colors interact, they turn into the secondary colors. Both colors will continue to travel as long as the towel fibers absorb the water.
The experiment is colorful and simple to do! Plus, it is interesting for multiple ages. Older kids should be able to set it up all by themselves and can also use our science journal page to record their results.
What materials are needed for the experiment
Test tubes, food coloring and paper towel.
Drinking water, test tubes and a notebook.
Food coloring, water cups and a paper cutter.
Mixed colors, towel strips and food containers.
In the experiment, you’re expected to .
add three colors into each container
set up a stopwatch from the beginning
put colorful towel strips in the test tubes
stir each test tube to make the color even
Water in the test tubes can walk because .
food coloring has the power to take in water
towel fibers absorb water and allow it to travel
water flows naturally under the influence of gravity
colors interact with each other and thus travel easily
C
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnson, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through It’s trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it d ead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments( 色 素 ) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnson, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials—skin, fat, and more—and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seen through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.
According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals .
A. stay in groups
C. appear only in deep ocean
B. can be easily damaged
D. are beautiful creatures
The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A. silently B. gradually C. regularly D. completely
One way for an animal to become transparent is to .
A. change the direction of light travel
C. avoid the absorption of light
B. gather materials to scatter light
D. grow bigger to stop light
The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
move more slowly in deep water
stay see-through even after death
produce more tissues for their survival
take effective action to reduce light spreading
D
For today’s increasingly interconnected food supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s supposed to be: Each country specializes in what it’s best at and puts it on the global market. Producers and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way to minimize costs. As a result, at least in theory, prices stay low, the world gets fed and everyone wins.
However, the coronavirus crisis demonstrates what is wrong with this approach. When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets, or demand suddenly drops — both of which are happening now — the system falls apart.
Specialization of the food system makes it hard to shift into different markets when disruptions arise. Belgium, a leading exporter of potatoes, lost sales not only to local restaurants but also to other countries because of lockdowns (封锁). At least the Belgians can try to eat the potatoes at home. That strategy won’t work for every crop: Ghana, the world’s top cocoa exporter, lost markets when people started focusing on buying essential items instead of chocolate.
The loss in export income in Africa more generally could have a huge impact if the pandemic continues, as many countries there rely heavily on imported wheat and rice. The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during the crisis, but also because a few countries—including Russia and Vietnam— imposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.
Concentrated markets dominated by just a handful of companies heighten food system f ragility. For example, just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canada’s beef and nearly all of its beef exports. Now, those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of COVID-19 among workers.
Seeing the spoiled products across the world should force all of us to rethink our “efficient” food supplies. We need to rejuvenate (使恢复活力) local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabilities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods. This doesn’t mean cutting off all trade or abolishing all packaged foods, but it does mean building diversity, and increasing opportunities for small and medium-scale enterprises to flourish in shorter, more sustainable food supply chains that are closer to home.
One place to start is for governments to shift their support from the large-scale, specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure (基础设施) for more varied local food systems. Around the world, small-scale and organic producers have been overwhelmed with the surge in interest from customers who want to buy directly from farmers during the crisis. But these producers often lack the infrastructure to meet that demand. As governments around the world pass stimulus packages to address the crisis, building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.
In theory, specialization of the food system .
A. adapts to changes efficiently B. balances supply and demand
C. focuses on essential items D. reduces costs of production
The underlined word “fragility” in Paragraph 5 means .
A. weakness B. diversity C. unfairness D. complexity
What can we learn from the passage
A few countries restrict exports to stabilize local food prices.
Grain prices rise due to Africa’s dependence on importation.
Ghana might be less affected by lockdowns than Belgium was.
Packaged-food consumption should be encouraged to address the crisis.
The main purpose of this passage is to .
expose food security issues during the crisis
advocate establishing varied local food systems
discuss the development of a sustainable economy
prove the importance of sound government policies
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is a person’s subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself. Self-esteem covers various beliefs about oneself (such as “I’m a failure” and “I’m beautiful”) as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life, the more self- fulfilled we will be. When we don’t believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. 2 6
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood. It is a blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved. 27 They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.
28 As children, many of these people were criticized, yelled at, or abused in one way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.
It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect. 29 There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.
How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. 30 So if you struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.
There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
When we start to doubt what’s important in life, we tend to do less of it.
Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.
People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.
This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.
They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesn’t define them.
High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you need it.
第三部分：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Beijing residents woke up to yellow sky on Sunday morning as northern China 31 (hit) by the largest sandstorm of the decade.
Air pollution readings rose to the upper limit of 500 at 8 a.m., according to data from the city’s environmental monitory center, as visibility was reduced to 32 (little) than 1,000 meters in parts of the city.
The city’s weather bureau advised residents to stay indoors as much as possible, while experts are working to find out 33 the sandstorm came into being.
B
Speaking of map apps, some users have found that they are useful for more than just 34 (find) one’s way. One man, San Francisco’s Lenny Maughan, uses them to make works of art.
Lenny runs everywhere he can. Wherever he goes, he tracks his progress 35 using an app, such as Map MyRun or Strava. As he runs, the app traces a line along the path he follows. So, to make his runs more fun, Lenny decided to run in patterns that 36 (make) amazing images. To date, he has shared runs that have turned into images of a heart, a portrait of artist Frida Kahlo, and more.
C
In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed New York hotel only to realize that I 37 (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an 38 (energy) voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up.” Two minutes later, I opened my door only to discover an object resembling a trash can on wheels, equipped with a lid, a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic 39 (visit) then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, 40 later responded, “Wow, so cool!”
第四部分：词汇填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
When I stepped into the surgery, the doctor was busy a patient. (examine)
Seeing his wallet in his bag, he blushed with
We laugh a lot when watching a comedy because of the
(embarrass).
plots and funny acts. (humour)
Mike goes to the gym to do some weight lifting and jogging. (regular)
After attending the lecture, we all raised the of living a green life. (aware)
The audience who have seen the performance of Atkinson are that he has a genius for comedy. (convince)
As a psychologist, he has helped some patients suffering from , depression, and eating disorders. (anxious)
It is quite to see him wearing a funny hat and making faces. (amuse)
I wrote him an email to show my congratulations on the master’s degree. (obtain)
The headmaster made an official saying that all of us could not use the smart phones on campus. (announce)
第五部分：书面表达（共 35 分）
第一节 翻译句子（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，共 15 分）
当他们早晨醒来时，惊讶地发现帐篷被偷了。（astonished）
Mr. Atkinson 完全依靠身体语言来体现他的幽默，这让他成为世界知名的喜剧演员。（rely on; 定语从句）
当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论如何分类垃圾。（sort）
乘坐公共交通和使用共享自行车是减少交通堵塞的好方法。（-ing 作主语）
我奶奶去购物时，经常使用可重复使用的袋子而不用塑料袋。（plastic）
第二节（共 20 分）
假设你是红星中学的学生李华，得知你的笔友 Peter 要来中国并在北京停留一天。有两条游览路线让他犹豫不决：1) 长城一日游；2) 天安门广场、故宫一日游。Peter 想征询你的意见。请根据以下内容，给她写一封电子邮件。内容包括：
欢迎他来北京旅游；
推荐路线并说明理由；
提出可以陪他游览一天。
注意：1.词数不少于 50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
Yours, Li Hua
