课时把关练
Part I Reading and Thinking
基础知识练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. T （烟草） has long been recognized as a huge health threat.
2. We could not find any relation between the presence of heart disease and a （酒精） consumption.
3. The forum dealt with issues such as drug a （滥用），violence and unemployment.
4. Food webs may be d （控制）by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.
5. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social p （心理学）.
6. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be r （奖励） with seven drops of water or juice.
7. The new airport will f （促进）the develop-ment of tourism.
8. Several recent studies e （调查）the role of talent in the sports world.
9. Sometimes ignorance and n （消极的）outlooks on situations can create anger.
10. A gentleman is open-minded and optimistic；a small person is narrow-minded and p （悲观的）.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1. Not everyone acts the same （回应） events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
2. In the modern world，we （很大程度上依赖电脑）to organize our work.
3. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds，you should seek shelter （立刻）.
4. They （决定） a tour to the United States in 1964.
5. Nervousness and fear （被取代）joy.
6. She’s trying to （想出，找出） a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
7. There is （没有捷径完成）a difficult task.
8. Inspired by Carroll，I have （养成习惯） trying to learn seven amazing things before breakfast.
9. They gave us entertainment，providing us a means to safely （释放压力）.
10. No matter what you like to do，there is a way to （参与各种活动）on Earth Day.
11. As for the plan，you can （做出适当的改变）to suit the local conditions.
12. In addition to the government，consumers （有能力） make the economy green.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1. It clearly showed that while likability can lead healthy adjustment，high status has just the opposite effect on us.
2. The scientists attended a meeting where many experts discussed how to prevent people from
（expose）to polluted water.
3. In one study，Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents，scoring the least liked，the most liked and the highest in status based student surveys.
4. Today，many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than （focus）on Chinese traditions.
5. He found the boss was hard （get）along with.
6. My advice is you should apologize to him for your rude behavior.
7. Aside being good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.
8. The two people willingly act part-time workers，enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker.
9. Those who were highest in status in high school，as well as those least liked in elementary school，are“most likely （engage） in dangerous and risky behavior.”
10. The study of traditions should be combined practice.
Ⅳ. 练通句型
【一句多译】
1. 该委员会由十名经验丰富的法官组成。
①The committee ten experienced judges. （make up）
②The committee ten experienced judges. （compose）
③The committee ten experienced judges. （consist）
2. 什么都不能阻止他说出相反的意见。
①Nothing would speaking out opposite ideas. （prevent）
②Nothing would speaking out opposite ideas. （discourage）
3. 盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。
① the thieves don’t know how much it is worth. （be likely that）
②Thieves how much it is worth.（be likely to do）
4.我打算买辆新车来取代那辆旧车。
①I’m going to buy a new car . （to do不定式作目的状语）
② I’m going to a new one. （replace A with B）
【句式升级】
5. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential for parents.
（形式主语）
6. The medicine will work best if it is taken according to the instructions.
（if省略句）
能力提升练
V.教材语法填空
With teenagers 1. （grow）up，they may form some bad habits，which may dominate a teenager’s life. How is a habit formed from the perspective of psychology A “cue”，a “routine” and the“reward”make up the“habit cycle”. For instance，when we feel unhappy（cue），we eat unhealthy snacks （routine），
2. makes us feel happy（reward）. The reward makes us much more likely 3. （continue）the cycle，and 4. bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
5. （facilitate）a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then adapt them by 6. （combine）the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. We can replace a negative routine 7. something more positive. So，when we feel unhappy again（cue）， in 8. （respond） to the cue，we can listen to our favourite music（routine），9. （make） us feel relaxed（reward）. Aside from changing bad habits，we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits
10. （repeated）. Though it’s not easy to break bad habits，young people should build a happy and healthy life.
VI.阅读理解
A
Jack was 11 months old in the spring of 2015 when his parents，Erika and Christopher，recognized his development was not progressing as it should. The feeling was familiar to the couple. Just a few months earlier，Jack’s brother Chase，who is 16 months older，had been diagnosed with autism（自闭症） after he did not reach motion and language standards as expected.
Jack’s behaviors were similarly delayed，and his parents took immediate action to seek help. Today，Jack is 8—he celebrated his birthday on May 13—and he can speak in full sentences and read. After two years at a preschool that specializes in services for children with developmental disabilities，he will start kindergarten in the Smithtown school district in September.“Our family’s experience is a good example of the power and effectiveness of early intervention. The services our boys have received made all the difference，”the parents said.
According to scientists，autism can be detected at 18 months or younger，and by age 2 a diagnosis can be considered “very reliable”.The parents said they were happy with Chase’s success at the learning center，but still had concerns for Jack because he was not speaking. Developing social and communication skills can be among the greatest challenges for individuals with autism，even if they are able to say a few words early on.“We didn’t know if he was ever going to talk，”Erika said.“That was my biggest fear. We just didn’t know.”
Looking ahead，the parents are cautiously optimistic about Jack’s next educational move. He doesn’t handle change well，they said，and he likes to know his routine. Still，they express confidence that his time at the learning center has given him the skills he needs to be successful.
1. How did Jack’s parents know he suffered from autism
A. They found the baby clever. B. They judged by their experience.
C. They found he didn’t develop. D. They checked on him in the hospital.
2. What did the parents think of the early intervention
A. It made no difference to the babies. B. It benefitted the babies greatly.
C. It got their babies more disabled. D. It helped their babies speak fluently.
3. What can we learn from the third paragraph
A. Autism can be confirmed at 18 months old.
B. Jack’s parents were confident about his motor skills.
C. Chase’s parents were doubtful about his development.
D. Jack’s parents worried about his language skills most.
4. What is the text mainly talking about
A. Autism can be cured if parents take action early.
B. Parents should be confident about their children’s future.
C. Early intervention in autism could improve children’s life.
D. Communication skills should be developed as early as possible.
B
Liu Jichen， a student from Tsinghua University，has developed a WeChat mini-program called“Clear Your Plate”. After a meal，users can open the mini-program and take a picture of their empty plates. Once the image is recognized by the AI（Artificial Intelligence），students can collect points and use them to buy gifts or purchase charity meals for children in impoverished（贫困的） rural areas.
Liu and his team，together with other organiz- ations，launched the“Clear Your Plate”campaign in November for the third year. It has swept over 1，017 universities across the country. The one-month campaign attracted almost 1.6 million participants and collectively reduced food waste by 862 tons and carbon emissions（碳排放） by 3，337 tons.
The idea to develop such a mini-program came from Liu’s experience in a canteen. In 2017，he found that a restaurant would give diners who finished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected.
“Technological innovation is a good way to reduce food waste，”Liu thought. He organized a team of 20 members to work on the project at the end of 2017. To solve the AI’s problem of identifying photos of empty plates，the team spent half a year collecting over 100，000 samples in canteens and restaurants. In 2018，the mini-program was officially put into operation on Oct 16，World Food Day. They then launched a campaign later that year.
“There were so many unknowns in research and development. For our team members，the biggest challenge was whether we were confident enough to complete it，”Liu said. Not only did they achieve their goal，but now，the mini-program has more than 5 million registered users，according to Liu.“We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation by encouraging them to cherish（珍惜） their food and develop the habit of thrift（节约），”Liu added.
5. What can we know about the“Clear Your Plate”mini-program
A. It aims to put an end to waste and encourage thrift.
B. Its 6 million users are mostly students.
C. It helped reduce food waste by 3，337 tons.
D. It is an exchange of food for rewards.
6. What was the biggest challenge Liu and his team faced
A. They found it tough to promote the campaign.
B. They felt uncertain whether they could complete the project.
C. They lacked professional technical support.
D. They had difficulty gathering enough samples.
7. Which of the following best describes Liu Jichen
A. Optimistic and demanding. B. Generous and responsible.
C. Talented and humorous. D. Creative and determined.
8. What is the text
A. A guidebook. B. A news report.
C. A book review. D. A textbook.
VII.完形填空
My bed is the best part of my home，where I go to find 1 after a long stressful day. However，lately，I get 2 just looking at it. I can’t fall asleep. I’m a 3 of insomnia（失眠）.
I’m not 4 ：studies show more than one in three people worldwide 5 insomnia. Some people can get to sleep on time，but 6 much too early；others get a full-night sleep but still feel very 7 when they wake up. And then there are people like me，ordinary insomniacs who toss and turn all night.
Insomnia is a side effect of 8 . To find the cure，doctors first find out the 9 by keeping a“sleep diary”，in which you 10 your sleep habits. The 11 may indicate lifestyle patterns，which are causing your problem. A specialist in sleep disorders writes，“A good sleep diary can 12 allow the patients to‘cure themselves’. ”
A good night’s sleep is created during the day. 13 at the beginning of the day，and stay away from caffeine in the afternoon. After dark，dim the lights and try to 14 stress. Our bodies like 15 patterns. If you can’t fall asleep，try listening to soft music. You’ll most likely be asleep.
1. A. courage B. relaxation C. decision D. wisdom
2. A. confident B. skeptical C. nervous D. curious
3. A. victim B. specialist C. recorder D. witness
4. A. sad B. alone C. pleased D. afraid
5. A. refer to B. adapt to C. benefit from D. suffer from
6. A. get up B. look up C. wake up D. turn up
7. A. exhausted B. concerned C. embarrassed D. frightened
8. A. entertainment B. anxiety C. hesitation D. loneliness
9. A. approach B. data C. symptom D. cause
10. A. develop B. record C. break D. change
11. A. effect B. cure C. doctor D. diary
12. A. seldom B. rarely C. often D. occasionally
13. A. Sleep B. Work C. Read D. Exercise
14. A. experience B. accumulate C. reduce D. inspire
15. A. consistent B. various C. normal D. irregular
课时把关练
Part I Reading and Thinking
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. Tobacco 2. alcohol 3. abuse 4. dominated 5. psychology
6. rewarded 7. facilitate 8. examined 9. negative 10. pessimistic
Ⅱ. 1. in response to 2. rely heavily on computers 3. straight away 4. decided on
5. were replaced with 6. come up with 7. no short cuts to accomplishing 8. developed/created/built/formed a habit of 9. free ourselves from stress 10. get involved in various activities 11. make appropriate changes
12. have the power to
Ⅲ. 1. to 句意：它清楚地表明，虽然惹人喜爱可以带来健康的调节能力，但高地位对我们的影响恰恰相反。lead to 导致。
2. being exposed 句意：科学家们参加了一个会议，会上许多专家讨论了如何防止人们接触到被污染的水。prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事，be exposed to 暴露于，此处people和expose之间是被动关系，故填being exposed。
3. on 句意：在一项研究中，普林斯坦博士对235名青少年的两种受欢迎程度进行了调查，根据学生调查结果，他们分别对最不受欢迎、最受欢迎和地位最高（的学生）进行打分。be based on以……为基础。
4. focusing 句意：如今，许多中国人正在学习西方的风格和理论，而不是关注中国传统。此处learning和focusing是并列结构，故填focusing。
5. to get 句意：他发现这个老板很难相处。主语+be+adj. +to do为固定句式。
6. that 句意：我的建议是你应该为自己无礼的行为向他道歉。这是一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that来引导。
7. from 句意：除了是一项好的运动之外，游泳还是一种非常有用的技能。aside from 除了。
8. as 句意：这两个人自愿当兼职工人，他们有足够的时间履行一个全职工人的职责。act as 充当。
9. to engage 句意：那些在中学里地位最高的学生，以及那些在小学里最不被喜欢的学生最有可能接触危险和冒险行为。be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。
10. with 句意：对传统的研究应该与实践相结合。combine A with B 把A和B结合起来。
Ⅳ. 1. ①is made up of
② is composed of
③ consists of be composed of/be made up of/consist of的意思都是“包含，包括，由……构成”。其中，consist of不能用于被动语态。该句还可用make up“组成”来改写：Ten experienced judges make up the committee. 。
2. ① prevent him from
②discourage him from prevent/discourage/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，其中keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省略，其他几个结构中的from可以省略， 类似的结构还有ban sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”。
3. ①It’s more than likely that be likely that...“很可能……”。
②are more than likely not to know sb. be likely to do sth.某人很有可能做某事。
4. ①to replace the old one
②replace my old car with replace...with...用……替换……
5. It is essential for parents to prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life. 不定式可以作主语，但是当主语太长，句子结构不合理时，可用it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。
6. The medicine will work best if taken according to the instructions. 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be。
V.【语篇解读】本文探讨了青少年习惯的养成规律。
1. growing with teenagers growing up=as teenagers grow up，意为“随着青少年的长大”。此处为with复合结构，teenagers 与grow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
2. which which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容。
3. to continue （be）likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，为固定搭配。
4. the 此处指的是依赖不健康零食的不良习惯，是特指，故用the。
5. To facilitate 此处表目的，用不定式短语作目的状语。
6. combining by是介词，后面用v.-ing形式。
7. with replace sth. with sth.“用……取代……”，为固定搭配。
8. response in response to sth.“对某事作出回应”，为固定搭配。
9. making making...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
10. repeatedly 修饰动词应使用副词，repeatedly反复地。
VI. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对父母发现孩子有自闭症并及时进行了治疗，使孩子的情况有所改善的故事。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The feeling was familiar to the couple. Just a few...as expected.”可知，Jack的父母是根据第一个孩子Chase被诊断为自闭症的经验来断定Jack也有自闭症。
2. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Our family’s experience is...made all the difference，’the parents said.”可知，这对父母认为早期干预对孩子很有好处。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We didn’t know if he was ever going to talk...That was my biggest fear.”可知，Jack的父母最担心他的语言能力。
4. C 主旨大意题。文章通过一个家庭的例子证明了对自闭症的早期干预可以改善儿童的生活。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了清华大学的学生柳济琛开发了一个名为“光盘打卡”的微信小程序，用技术创新来帮助减少食物浪费。
5. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“After a meal，users can open the mini-program and take a picture of their empty plates. Once the image is recognized by the AI（Artificial Intelligence），students can collect points and use them to buy gifts or purchase charity meals for children in impoverished rural areas.”可知，这个程序用奖励来换食物。
6. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘There were so many un-knowns in research and development. For our team members，the biggest challenge was whether we were confident enough to complete it，’Liu said.”可知，对于是否能完成这个项目柳济琛和他的团队是不确定的，这是他们最大的挑战。故选B。
7. D 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Liu Jichen，a student from Tsinghua University，has developed a WeChat mini- program called‘Clear Your Plate’.”及第三段第一句“The idea to develop such a mini-program came from Liu’s experience in a canteen.”可知，柳济琛是极具创造性的人；根据第四段中“To solve the AI’s problem of identifying photos of empty plates，the team spent half a year collecting over 100，000 samples in canteens and restaurants. In 2018，the mini-program was officially put into operation on Oct 16，World Food Day.”可知，柳济琛是意志坚定的。
8. B 推理判断题。第一段提到“Liu Jichen，a student from Tsinghua University，has developed a WeChat mini-program called‘Clear Your Plate’.”之后，文章就此展开，由此可知， 本文主要讲述了柳济琛开发了“光盘打卡”的微信小程序。由此可判断，本文最有可能是一篇新闻报道。
VII. 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了失眠的原因及解决方法。
1. B “我”的床是“我”家里最好的地方，在漫长而紧张的一天结束后，“我”会去那里放松（relaxation）一下。courage勇气；decision决定；wisdom智慧。由after a long stressful day可知，作者去床上是为了放松。故选B项。
2. C 不过，最近“我”一看见它就紧张（nervous）。confident 自信的；skeptical怀疑的；curious好奇的。结合后文“I can’t fall asleep.”可知，“我”睡不着，所以一看见床就紧张。故选C项。
3. A “我”是失眠的受害者（victim）。specialist专家；recorder 记录员；witness证人。
4. B “我”不孤单（alone）：研究显示全世界超过三分之一的人遭受失眠之苦。sad悲伤的；pleased高兴的；afraid害怕的。
5. D suffer from insomnia遭受失眠之苦。refer to参考；adapt to适应；benefit from受益于。
6. C 有些人可以按时睡觉，但醒（wake up）得太早；另一些人睡了一整晚…… get up起床；look up查找；turn up出现。
7. A ……另一些人睡了一整晚，但醒来时仍然感到非常疲惫（exhausted）。concerned担心的；embarrassed尴尬的；frightened害怕的。
8. B 失眠是焦虑（anxiety）的副作用。entertainment娱乐；hesitation犹豫；loneliness孤独。结合句意及常识可知，失眠可能是由焦虑造成的。故选B项。
9. D 为了找到治疗方法，医生们首先要通过记录你的睡眠习惯的“睡眠日记”来找出病因（cause）。approach方法；data数据；symptom症状。
10. B 结合上文keeping a“sleep diary”可知，需要记录（record）你的睡眠习惯。develop发展；break打破；change改变。
11. D 日记（diary）可以显示生活模式，这是造成你的问题的原因。effect效果；cure治疗；doctor医生。结合前文的sleep diary可知，此处是指睡眠日记。故选D项。
12. C 睡眠障碍专家写道，“好的睡眠日记常常（often）能让病人‘自我治愈’。”seldom很少；rarely罕有；occasionally偶尔。
13. D 早上锻炼（exercise），下午远离咖啡因。sleep睡觉； work工作；read阅读。结合前文中的“A good night’s sleep is created during the day.”及常识可知，要在早上进行锻炼。故选D项。
14. C 天黑后，把灯调暗，尽量减轻（reduce）压力。experience经历；accumulate积累；inspire激励。
15. A “我们”的身体喜欢始终如一的（consistent）模式。 various多样的；normal正常的；irregular不规则的。
