2024届高考英语复习2014—2023年高考英语试题分类专题★★
阅读理解
课标全国卷（2014—2023）
2023
01-2023全国乙，A
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A. Doing teaching jobs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery.
D. Being banned from medicine.
2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A. She wrote a book.
B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist.
D. She had formal education.
3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是应用文，主题语境为医学领域的代表人物，主要介绍了四位女医生。
1. C 细节理解题。本题问Jacqueline和James有什么共同点。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”以及James Barry部分的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas.”可知，Jacqueline和James都做手术（Performing surgery）。故选C。
2. A 细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分中的“In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.”可知，谈允贤曾经写过一本介绍自己从医经历的书《女医杂言》。再对比其他三位女医生的介绍可知，她们都没有写书。故选A。
3. D 细节理解题。根据题干关键词the first African American with a medical degree可定位到Rebecca Lee Crumpler部分。根据“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
重点词汇
suspicion n.怀疑unlawfully adv.非法地qualify v.取得资格profession n.职业
熟词生义
1. practice熟义：n.& v.练习生义：v.从事（职业）
2. try 熟义：v.尝试生义：v.审判
02-2023全国乙，B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10?minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
2. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management.
B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
3. What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
4. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A. Amusing.
B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging.
D. Comforting.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，主题语境是正确的人生态度。本文主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影爱好者，克服困难拍出高质量风景照的经过。
1. B细节理解题。本题问的是作者是如何应对中西部地区风景摄影师所面临的挑战的。the challenge指的是第一段中的“the corn state lacks geographical variation（艾奥瓦州缺少地理差异）”。再结合题干关键词in the Midwest可定位到第二段。根据“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.”可知，作者通过去州立公园或乡村拍摄照片来应对这一挑战。故选B。
2. A细节理解题。题干中的the key与第三段第一句中的decisive同义。根据“Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.”可知，在合适的时间到达合适的地点是至关重要的。再结合最后一段作者去魔鬼湖（Devil’s Lake）拍摄照片留下遗憾的经历可知，风景摄影成功的关键是恰当的时间管理。故选A。
3. C推理判断题。根据题干关键词the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake可定位到最后一段。根据“We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.”可知，作者认为时间宽裕，就离开既定的拍摄地点往更高的地方爬了，结果忘记了返回的正确路线，差点错过了要拍摄的落日。由此可推知，他们到达拍摄地点的时间要比预计的晚。故选C。
4. B推理判断题，考查作者的观点态度。根据最后一段最后一句“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.”可知，作者认为，尽管他可以把照片拍得更好，但现在这些照片仍然是自己拍得最好的。由此可推知，这些照片是令作者满意的（satisfying）。故选B。
长难句
Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
译文 回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我拍得最好的一些照片，尽管如果我做好准备并合理管理我的时间的话，它们可以拍得更好。
分析 现在分词短语looking back on the photos作状语；though引导让步状语从句，从句中包含一个虚拟条件句。
重点词汇
specialize v.专攻，专门研究challenge n.挑战，艰巨任务 variation n.差异distinctive adj.独特的，有特色的decisive adj.关键的，决定性的destination n.目的地，终点
熟词生义
shot 熟义：n.开枪，射击生义：n.照片
03-2023全国乙，C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to， and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills， and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
1. What do people usually think of British food
A. It is simple and plain.
B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.
D. It deserves a high reputation.
2. Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A. Authoritative.
B. Creative.
C. Profitable.
D. Influential.
3. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A. 20%.
B. 24%.
C. 25%.
D. 33%.
4. What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文，主题语境为社会与文化，主要介绍了英国推出的一些电视烹饪节目使更多的英国人改变食用快餐的习惯而对烹饪产生兴趣。
1. A推理判断题。根据题干关键词think of British food可定位到第一段。根据“Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting ...less-than-impressive cuisine...”可知，当被问到能想到什么英国食物时，人们可能会想到炸鱼和薯条，或者是星期天的晚餐——肉和两种蔬菜。这些是很乏味、平庸的。这表明人们通常认为英国食物是简单清淡的。故选A。
2. D推理判断题。根据题干关键词cookery programmes on British TV可定位到第二段。根据thanks to these TV chefs、becoming more adventurous、change or improve their cooking in some way以及a rise in the number of students applying for food courses可知，本段说明烹饪节目对英国人产生了各种影响。根据本段最后一句中的“helped change what people think about cooking”可知，烹饪节目是有影响力的（Influential），有助于改变英国人对烹饪的看法。故选D。
3. D 细节理解题。根据题干关键词using more diverse ingredients now可定位到第三段第二句。根据“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients than they used to”可知，几乎三分之一（33%）的人说他们现在使用更多种类的配料。故选D。
4. B 推理判断题，考查对后续内容的预测。解答这类试题时要注意认真研读最后一段内容，尤其是最后的句子。根据“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知，随着电视上男厨师越来越多，男孩们喜欢烹饪不再是一件不酷的事情了。由此可推断出，接下来很可能是写有关男厨师的内容。故选B。
长难句
Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
译文 尽管英国以烹饪平庸著称，但它正在培养出更多的顶级厨师，他们经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的烹饪书经常高居畅销书排行榜榜首。
分析Even though引导让步状语从句，who appear frequently on our television screens和whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists为并列的定语从句，修饰先行词chefs。
重点词汇
reputation n.名誉；名声campaign n.活动adventurous adj.有冒险精神的；大胆开拓的analyst n.分析者documentary n.纪录片
04-2023全国乙，D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements， and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side， we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day， the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
2. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific.
B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay.
D. His record was one-sided.
3. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem.
B. History.
C. Voice.
D. Society.
4. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
答案
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，主题语境为历史、社会与文化，主要讲述了如果想了解整个世界的历史，你不能仅仅通过文字，还要通过留下的物品。
1. A主旨要义题，考查段落大意。根据第一段内容可知，讲述整个世界的历史不能仅仅通过文字，因为大多数时间里没有文字。即使有文字的社会也不仅用文字，还会用物品来记录对他们重要的事情。由此可判断出，第一段主要讲述的是过去的事件应该如何呈现。故选A。
2. D推理判断题，考查写作目的。根据“The clearest example of this...between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.”可知，Captain Cook的例子是为了说明上句提到的在许多情况下我们在了解历史时不能将文本与物品完美结合。再结合后面的“From the English side, we have...the captain’s record...”“From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield...”以及“the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports”可知，如果我们想要重现那天发生的事情，就必须像对待书面报告一样深入且严格地质疑和解释那个盾牌。也就是说，库克船长的记录是片面的。故选D。
3. B词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句可知，当我们考虑将类似的有文字和没文字的社会联系起来时，我们所有的第一手记录必然会被曲解，只是一半的对话，不是历史的全部真相。所以，如果我们想要找到另一半对话，我们不仅需要读文本，还需要研究物品。only one half of a dialogue和the other half of that conversation呼应，共同构成更客观的历史全貌。
4. C推理判断题，考查文章出处推断。本题问本文最有可能选自下列哪本图书，需要结合文章主旨进行推断。第一段讲述要了解历史不仅要通过文字，还要通过物品。第二段用库克船长的例子具体说明很多情况下我们在了解历史时不能将文字与物品完美结合。最后一段说如果想了解历史的全部真相，不仅要读文字，还要研究物品。由此可见，作者写这篇文章是想告诉我们通过物品了解历史的重要性。C项（《100件物品中的世界史》）符合题意。故选C。
长难句
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
译文 如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不偏袒人类某一部分的历史，你不能仅通过文字（来讲述），因为世界上只有一部分地区曾经有过文字，而世界上大部分地区，在大多数时间里，都没有文字。
分析 If引导条件状语从句。that does not privilege one part of humanity为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a history。because引导原因状语从句。while为并列连词，意为“而”，连接两个表示对比关系的并列分句。
重点词汇
privilege vt.授予……特权；特别优待humanity n. (总称)人, 人类ideally adv. 完美地；理想地 reconstruct vt. 重现；重建miscomprehension n.误解
熟词生义
concern 熟义：n.担心 v.使担心；影响生义：n.（对人、组织等）重要的事情
05-2023全国甲，A
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary（烹饪的）experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues（场所）to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
1. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A. They adopt modern cooking methods.
B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs.
D. They are based in hotels.
2. Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A. Gaggan. B. Bo.lan.
C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
3. What is special about Gaggan
A. It hires staff from India.
B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes.
D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是应用文，主题语境为社会与文化。本文主要提供了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食冒险的建议。
1. C细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club”可定位到第二段和第三段。根据“Nahm”部分中的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name”可知，Nahm这家饭店的主厨的在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星；根据“Issaya Siamese Club”部分中的“internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant”可知，这家饭店的厨师是国际知名的泰国厨师。由此可知，这两家饭店的厨师都是顶级的。故选C。
2. B细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“a large set menu”可定位到第四段。根据“Bo.lan”部分中的“For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.” 可知，Bo.lan这家饭店提供丰盛的套餐。故选B。
3. D细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Gaggan可定位到最后一段。根据“Gaggan”部分中的“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.”可知，这家饭店的特别之处就是它向顾客展示烹饪的过程。故选D。
长难句
Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London?based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
译文 主厨戴维·汤普森于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店，他的位于伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星。
分析 本句为主从复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Head Chef David Thompson。
06-2023全国甲，B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with. But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago, I was heavily involved(参与)， painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy（租期）comes to an end. She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
1. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1？
A. An artist.B. A winner.
C. A specialist.D. A pioneer.
2. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day
A. For a birthday gift.
B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects.
D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
3. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A. By making it look like before.
B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
4. What trend in DIY does the research show
A. It is becoming more costly.
B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D. It is gaining popularity among females.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文，主题语境为个人生活。作者讲述了Terri Bolton的真实经历，从而探讨DIY这一流行的生活方式。
1. C猜测词义题。画线短语是用来描写Terri Bolton的。根据下句可知，她擅长搭架子和组装家具，她自己能做的事情从不花钱请别人做。所以，Terri Bolton是DIY方面的专家。故选C。
2. B细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息￡5可定位到第二段。根据“From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.”可知，这5英镑是祖父对她一天工作的奖励。故选B。
3. A推理判断题。根据题干中的关键信息“avoid losing the deposit”可定位到第三段。根据“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”可知，Terri知道如何修补墙上的洞，如何重新粉刷房间（也就是使房间看起来像原来的样子），从而避免搬出去的时候被扣押金。故选A。
4. D细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词research可定位到最后一段。根据“Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.”可知，尽管 DIY传统上被认为是男性的爱好，但研究表明，如今女性正引领这一潮流。A、B两项中的比较意味原文中没有体现；另外，C项是对原文中的“more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done”的错误解读，原文只是点明了人们计划进行DIY的时间，并没有说DIY成了一个季节性行业。
07-2023全国甲，C
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express:In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
1. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A. Foucault.
B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jostein Gaarder.
D. A college teacher.
2. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works.
C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
3. What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A. Its views on history are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C. It includes comments from readers.
D. It leaves an open ending.
4. What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
答案
[语篇解读]本文是议论文，主题语境为文学名著。本文主要通过介绍Eric Weiner的作品The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers，向我们传达哲学对现实生活能起到指导作用的道理。
1. C细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“opened the door to philosophy”可定位到第一段。根据第一段可知，在作者大约十三岁的时候，一个叔叔送给他一本Jostein Gaarder的Sophie’s World，他一整个夏天都埋头看这本书，是这本书带作者进入了哲学的世界。也就是说，对于作者而言，是Jostein Gaarder为自己打开了哲学之门。故选C。
易错警示容易误选B项。题干问的是谁为作者打开了哲学之门，而作者阅读Eric Weiner的著作时是再次爱上哲学。
2. D推理判断题，考查写作目的。根据题干中的关键信息“great philosophers in paragraph 4”可定位到第四段第二句。根据“The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.”可知，读书的最终结果是：我们学会像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看问题，像叔本华一样倾听，像尼采那样没有遗憾。由此可推断，文章第四段提到这些哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
3. B推理判断题。题干：作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书的哪点？根据第四段最后一句“This, more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.”可知，这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推断，作者认为这本书的思想可以运用到日常生活中去。故选B。
4. D推理判断题，考查作者的观点态度。根据第五段第一句中的“and he does so with plenty of humor”和最后一段第一句中的“is a fun, sharp book”可知，这本书很幽默；再根据最后一段第一句中的“with its apparent simplicity”可知，它直白易懂，与D项“Humorous and straightforward”一致。故选D。
长难句
The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.
译文 读书的最终结果是：我们学会像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看问题，像叔本华一样倾听，像尼采那样没有遗憾。
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句“The end result is a read”为主系表结构；in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a read。
重点词汇
reawaken one’s love for 唤起某人对……的热爱appealing adj.有吸引力的quality n.质量；品质apparent adj.显而易见的；表面上的
08-2023全国甲，D
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere(敬畏)them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,”says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de?list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions(预防)aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
1. How do Americans look at grizzlies
A. They cause mixed feelings in people.
B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value.
D. They are a symbol of American culture.
2. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A. They European settlers’ behavior.
B. The expansion of bears’ range.
C. The protection by law since 1975.
D. The support of Native Americans.
3. What has stopped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de?listing grizzlies
A. The opposition of conservation groups.
B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists.
D. The local farmers’ advocates.
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
答案
[语篇解读[ 本文是说明文，主题语境为人与动物。本文介绍了美国濒危动物灰熊的特征、生存区域、濒危原因和现状，以及与人们的相处等。
1. A细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams”可知，美国人对灰熊有着矛盾的心态，灰熊既令他们心生敬畏，又给他们带来可怕的梦境。由此可知，灰熊引起美国人复杂的情感。故选A。
2. C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“By the early 1970s...600 to 800 grizzlies remained”和“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.”和第四段第二句“Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.”可知，1975年，被列入《濒危物种法》的灰熊数量恢复很成功，所以正是这部法律的颁布有助于灰熊数量的增长。故选C。
3. A细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“stopped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies”可定位到第四段。根据“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.”可知，由于保护组织的诉讼，将灰熊从法律保护名单上除名的努力都被推翻了。故选A。
4. B推理判断题。最后一段讲到了灰熊给人类带来的危害和人们对灰熊的防范，其中提到人类生活的区域如果没有引诱灰熊的东西存在，灰熊一般会径直路过，而不带来麻烦，由此可推断，人类与灰熊是能够和谐共处的。故选B。
技巧点拨
本题题干中有inferred一词，所以判断本题为推理判断题，做题时要综合分析原文信息，并进行合理推断，答案不会是原文信息的直接复现。
重点词汇
occupy vt.占据；占用conflicted adj.矛盾的range n.范围；界限expand v.扩大;增加sight vt.看见；发现rough adj.粗略的；汹涌的；粗糙的attempt vt.企图；试图；尝试effective adj.有效的；生效的
2022
01-2022全国乙，A
Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn's English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition:17.15. There is no re admission.
Closed:24-26 December and l January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1.What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B.Thurs. 30 Oct. C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.
3.How can full time students get group discounts
A.They should go on Sunday mornings. B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers. D.They must have ID cards with them.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是展览信息。
1.B 细节理解题。在表格中锁定Raeburn's English Contemporaries就能找到对应的时间是Thursday 30 Oct.,因此选择B项。
2.B 细节理解题。在Admission下面提到门票是4英镑,12岁以下的孩子如果由大人陪同就可免费,题干中提到两个12岁以下的孩子由一对夫妻陪同,所以两个孩子免费,只需要支付两个大人的门票,一共8英镑。
3.C 细节理解题。由题干中的full time students锁定最后一段,根据in organised groups with teachers可知,如果学生想获得团队折扣必须由老师组织一同前往。
02-2022全国乙，B
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top:“When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A.To teach in a school. B.To study American history.
C.To write a book. D.To do sightseeing.
2.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A.They enjoyed much respect. B.They had a room with a bathtub.
C.They lived with the local kids. D.They suffered severe hardships.
3.Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair raising
A.The extreme climate of Auburn. B.The living conditions in Elkhead.
C.The railroad building in the Rockies. D.The natural beauty of the West.
4.What is the text
A.A news report. B.A book review. C.A children's story. D.A diary entry.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为一则书评,书中讲述了两名来自富裕家庭的女孩前往落基山脉的一处定居点教书的经历。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse可知,她们是去教书。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt可知,她们在当地生活得很艰苦,故选D项。虽然第一句提到她们搬到了当地一户人家居住,但是并没有说是和当地的孩子住在一起,所以C项不正确。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads可知,此题选择C项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden可知,两个女孩在Elkhead的经历是这本书的主题,且文章的倒数第二段第一句再次出现In Wickenden's book,由此可以推断这篇文章是一则书评。
03-2022全国乙，C
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews. D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
答案
[语篇解读] 一种可能很快就能应用的铁路无人机可以保障铁路安全并能大量节省铁路维护费用。
1.A 细节理解题。由第二段第一、二句Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure... (无人机已经被用来检查高压电线。它们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面……)可知,无人机在检查高压电线方面的应用使它们在铁路线方面的应用成为可能。
2.C 猜测词义题。由第三段第二句尤其是sending maintenance staff和to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure可知,派遣人员是为了检查和维修铁路基础设施,因此maintenance表示“检查和维修”。
3.A 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.可知,铁路无人机有望具备预警的功能。
4.D 主旨要义题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了一种可能很快就能应用的铁路无人机,并说明了它们可以保障铁路安全并能大量节省铁路维护费用。由此可知,文章主要说明无人机会如何改变铁路的未来,故以此为题目最合适。
04-2022全国乙，D
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
1.Why was the sugar tax introduced
A.To collect money for schools. B.To improve the quality of drinks.
C.To protect children's health. D.To encourage research in education.
2.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A.They turned to overseas markets.
B.They raised the prices of their products.
C.They cut down on their production.
D.They reduced their products' sugar content.
3.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A.Most alcoholic drinks. B.Milk based drinks.
C.Fruit juices. D.Classic Coke.
4.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A.It is a short sighted decision. B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers.
答案
[语篇解读] 造成孩子肥胖的软饮料被征收糖税,相关企业对该税有不同反应,但总体而言该税款带来了好处。
1.C 细节理解题。由第二段第一句中的the tax...was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity可知,征收该税是为了帮助减少儿童肥胖,从而保护孩子们的健康。
2.D 细节理解题。由第四段第一句It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. (在此之前,超过一半的在商店销售的软饮料已经被制造商降低了糖含量,这样他们就可以避免纳税)可知,有些公司通过降低产品的含糖量来应对糖税。
3.D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax (一些高糖品牌,如经典可口可乐,已经接受了糖税) 和Fruit juices, milk based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. (果汁、以牛奶为主原料的饮料和大多数含酒精的饮料免税,年产量不足100万升的小公司也是如此)可知,糖税是从经典可口可乐这样的产品中收取的。
4.B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的show the positive influence the sugar tax is having (显示了糖税正在产生的积极影响)和Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. (帮助下一代拥有一个健康和活跃的童年是非常重要的,这个行业正在发挥作用)可知,糖税政策是成功的。
05-2022全国甲，A
Theatres and Entertainment
St David's Hall
St David's Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff's entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000 seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
1.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted
A.At the New Theatre. B.At the Glee Club. C.At Sherman Cymru. D.At St David's Hall.
2.What can people do at the Glee Club
A.Watch musicals. B.Enjoy comedies. C.See family shows. D.Do creative things.
3.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff's oldest surviving theatre
A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B.www.shermancymru.co.uk
C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了四个位于英国加的夫的各具特色的剧院。
1.D 细节理解题。由St David's Hall部分第二句中的“St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff”可知,St David's Hall是一年一度的Welsh Proms Cardiff的举办地。
2.B 细节理解题。由The Glee Club部分最后一句“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here. (如果你正在寻找巡回演出中的最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐,你应该从这里开始。)”可知,在the Glee Club可以欣赏到喜剧。
3.A 细节理解题。由New Theatre部分第二句中的“the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre(新剧院是加的夫现存的最古老的传统剧院)”可知,人们可以从它的网站www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk上了解到加的夫现存的最古老的剧院。
06-2022全国甲，B
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape recognition abilities to a human two year old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial and error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two year old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A.By following instructions. B.By using a tool.
C.By turning the box around. D.By removing the lid.
2.Which task can human one year olds most likely complete according to the text
A.Using a key to unlock a door. B.Telling parrots from other birds.
C.Putting a ball into a round hole. D.Grouping toys of different shapes.
3.What does the follow up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A.How far they are able to see. B.How they track moving objects.
C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners
C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal Readers D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape Sorters
答案
[语篇解读] 原产于澳大拉西亚的戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉是技术高超的形状分类专家。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage”和“In a recent experiment...the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’...Inserting the correct ‘key’ would let out the nut.”可知,笼中的鸟儿(戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉)被证明能熟练地使用工具,它们在实验中是通过使用工具得到坚果的。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age”可知,一岁左右的幼童可以把一个圆形的东西投进一个圆形的洞里,故可推知人类一岁幼童最有可能完成的任务是把一个球放进圆洞内。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections”可知,研究人员下一步的目标是试验凤头鹦鹉在形状的选择中是否也使用触觉。
4.D 主旨要义题。通读全文,尤其是第一段第一句可知,文章主要说明了戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉具有形状识别能力,是技术高超的形状分类专家。
07-2022全国甲，C
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A.Try challenging things. B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise.
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A.Lovely penguins. B.Beautiful scenery. C.A discount fare. D.A friend's invitation.
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her. B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved. D.It needs to be fully introduced.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream. B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world. D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文讲了热爱旅行的Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的经历和感悟。
1.A 猜测词义题。由第二段第二句“Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.(在她的专业舞蹈演员职业生涯中,她曾在英国巡回演出,但总是渴望进一步探索)”可知,她退了休,儿子们也离开家后,她决定冒险一试。
2.C 细节理解题。由第三段第二句中的“she discovered she could get last minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica(她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到去南极的便宜船票)”和第三句中的“I just decided I wanted to go”可知,发现可以得到打折船票是她决定去南极的原因。
3.C 推理判断题。由最后一段“The realization...home to Ginni. (意识到这是一片应受到人类尊重的宝贵土地,对Ginni来说是最重要的事情之一)”可推知,她认为南极应该被很好地保护。
4.B 主旨要义题。由第一段最后一句中的“kick started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget (开启了一段 Ginni 永生难忘的旅程)”和下文Ginni去南极旅行的原因、Ginni对南极旅行的描述可知,文章主要讲述了一次难忘的经历。
08-2022全国甲，D
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I'll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. But that's progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords(口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving(解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.Sydney's striking architecture. B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C.The key to Sydney's development. D.Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
2.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A.He goes to work by boat. B.He looks forward to a new life.
C.He pilots catamarans well. D.He is attached to the old ferries.
3.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A.It is losing its traditions. B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population. D.It is becoming more international.
4.Which statement will the author probably agree with
A.A city can be young and old at the same time.
B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章以悉尼为例,讲述了不同身份的人对于城市发展中传统与现代冲突的看法。
1.C 主旨要义题。根据第一段中的关键信息“The city discovered its harbor...lots of things...But it is the harbor that makes the city.”可知,本段主要列举了悉尼在20世纪60年代早期获得发展的原因。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段到第五段可知,Andrew Reynolds认为渡船漂亮雅致,驾驶它非常有趣。由此推断他喜欢渡船。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Sydney swept aside much of its past...”可知,Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼在城市发展中失去了很多传统的东西。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第七段中的“being young and old at the same time has its attractions” “It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”和最后一段中的“I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries”可综合推断作者认为在城市发展中可以做到传统与现代有机结合。
2021
01-2021全国乙，A
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome's Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city's Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium,Pyongyang, D.P.R. Korea. Capacity:150,000. Opened: May 1, 1989.
·Michigan Stadium,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S. Capacity:107,601. Opened:October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity:106,572. Opened:September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio,U.S. Capacity:104,944. Opened:October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas,U.S. Capacity:102,512. Opened:September 24,1927.
1.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B.107,601. C.About 150,000. D.About 250,000.
2.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium. C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field.
3.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games. B.They have become tourist attractions.
C.They were built by Americans. D.They are favored by architects.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了世界上最大的体育馆。
1.D 细节理解题。根据题干关键词Circus Maximus定位到首段最后一句话“...Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.”,因此选择D项。
2.C 细节理解题。将文章最后一部分的信息进行对比,Michigan Stadium:1927年10月1日;Beaver Stadium:1960年9月17日;Ohio Stadium:1922年10月7日;Kyle Field:1927年9月24日。故选择C项。
3.A 细节理解题。文章最后一部分在列出体育场信息之前提到“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”,故答案为A项。
02-2021全国乙，B
When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline,a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone(using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A.Their target users. B.Their wide popularity.
C.Their major functions. D.Their complex design.
2.What does the underlined word “concede” in p
