衡阳县二中2023-2024年上学期高二期中考试
化学
考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选岀最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman ask the man to remember to do
A. Go to see her. B. Write to her. C. Phone her.
2. Where might the speakers be
A. In a restaurant. B. At a stadium. C. At home.
3. What can we infer from the man’s words
A. He can’t lend the woman his car.
B. He will have his car repaired.
C. He will borrow the woman’s car.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The market. B. The schedule. C. The job interview.
5. Why does the woman want to be a chess player
A. She obeys her father’s plan.
B. She follows the man’s advice.
C. Her coach thinks she might be a champion.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What is the relationship between Gary and the woman
A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and staff. C. Colleagues.
7. Who lives in San Francisco
A. Tom. B. Jennifer. C. Gary.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. How long does the man work a day
A. Seven hours. B. Eight hours. C. Nine hours.
9 What is the man’s attitude towards his job
A. He is tired of it. B. He is fond of it. C. He is curious about it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. How does the man feel when he knows the company has the study area
A. Surprised. B. Embarrassed. C. Proud.
11. What is the woman studying
A. Clothes making. B. Design. C. History.
12. Who pays for the woman’s study
A. The company. B. Alice. C. David.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the man look for a flat
A. To get out of his parents’ control.
B. To live near the university.
C. To live with someone learning biology.
14. Which of the following is Jack’s major
A. Pop music. B. Biology. C. French.
15. What does the man play in the band
A. The piano. B. The guitar. C. The violin.
16. What does the woman mean at the end of the conversation
A. She advises the man to clean the flat.
B. She invites Peter to live with her.
C. She refuses the man’s request.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17. Why was the speaker’s father proud of him
A. He found a well-paid job.
B. He earned great amounts of money.
C. He was the first university student in his family.
18. How many shops did the speaker have before selling his business
A. 120. B. 250. C. 268.
19. What did the speaker do in 2002
A. He first paid a visit to Africa.
B. He spent much money on race cars.
C. He lent lots of money to farmers.
20. What was the speaker’s first project in Malawi
A. A hospital. B. A shoe shop. C. A school.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Interested in different cultures Take a look at these communities around the world, discover how they celebrate their traditional festivals, and see just how they like to throw a party.
Naadam Festival, Mongolia
Naadam Festival is an annual celebration in mid-summer that consists of the “Three Games of Man” strength, horsemanship and marksmanship. The festival is believed to have existed for centuries, first in the form of military and sporting displays that followed wedding and spiritual gatherings, and then as a way to train soldiers for battle. The festival begins as a colorful opening ceremony before the three sports.
Day of the Dead, Mexico
Taking place over two colorful days in Mexico and Latin America. This festival honors all things relating to the dead, and is not as scary as it sounds, as it focuses on people taking joy in life, and showing love and respect for dead family members and friends. On November 1 and 2, participants dress up, hold parties and make offerings to the dead to welcome spirits back to the land of the living.
Zimei Festival, China
Every year, on the 15 day of the 3rd lunar month, the Miao people of South China celebrate the Zimei Festival, known as “Nong ga liang”. The festival is a good opportunity for young girls and boys to meet and fall in love. Wearing traditional costumes, people gather on the village square. Young women, singing and dancing, travel from village to village and offer Zimei rice to boys they like.
Holli, India
Holli is a Hindo (印度教的) festival that marks the victory of good over evil, the arrival of spring and is also a time for people to meet, spend time together and repair broken relationships. On the first night people gather in front of a bonfire and pray for their inner evil to be destroyed. The next morning people take to streets and spray colored powder and water to each other.
21. What can we learn from the first two festivals
A. Naadam Festival has a history of several thousand years.
B. Day of the Dead is celebrated in mid-summer every year.
C. The celebrations of Naadam Festival have changed over time.
D. On Day of the Dead, the dead will visit the land of the living.
22. Who will most probably be interested in Zimei Festival
A. People who like sports. B. Young men who are unmarried.
C. People believing in Hindo. D. Children enjoying playing with water.
23. Where is this text most probably taken from
A. A travel booklet. B. A science magazine.
C. An academic article. D. A geography book.
B
Being a high school coach provides wonderful opportunities not only to seek great skill from students in sports, but also to implant(灌输) in them some valuable life lessons. Donta Green, a hardworking coach at Westinghouse High School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has brought his school team to victory. Although part of this is the result of physical fitness and practice, an improved general attitude has also played a key role in the team’s success.
One way Green has changed his players’ behaviors is a strict no-bad-words rule. This applies to players and coaches alike. If anyone uses bad language then they can expect to start doing push-ups. In another way, the coach is also addressing the way the high school students dress. No students are to be seen wearing trousers hanging too low and players should walk the corridors of the school in suit and tie.
This is having a positive effect on the students and their academic success, with the team grade average being 3.2. These changes are really affecting the way the players see themselves. As Keyshawn Morsillo, the team’s star player, pointed out: “He’s changed us. Everyone on the football team used to have some bad behaviors. But he has showed us the right way to be a successful man. We respect him and follow his footsteps. Really, he’s helping turn us from boys to men.”
This is influencing the general attitude for these students not only in the school, but also in the wider community, too.
“A lot of the things we do might seem like small things, but they add up to big things. There are things we do that set us apart from other programs. It’s just a lot of simple disciplines. That’s what is lacking in a lot of our young people.” pointed out Green.
While the team continues to impress, it’s important to pay attention to how these small steps can inspire others. We can strengthen in our own children the importance of behaving properly.
24. Why did Donta Green try to change his players’ behaviors
A. To improve their entire quality.
B. To achieve their academic success.
C. To better their communicative skills.
D. To focus their mind on physical training.
25. What is the students’ attitude to the extra disciplines in the team
A. Negative. B. Supportive. C. Uncaring. D. Skeptical.
26. What do Green’s words mean in Paragraph 5
A. Some young people lack necessary disciplines.
B. All the students in his school behave very well.
C. Students’ correct daily behaviors are important.
D. A coach should set a good example for the students.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. A player is changing from a boy to a sport star.
B. A coach has brought his school team to victory.
C. A coach is teaching players valuable life lessons.
D. A football team has won the heart of community.
C
A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body.
Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲). It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape.
To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts. By adjusting the frequency of these fields, the robot was able to heat up and give out heat into its surroundings. The team observed that the robot’s body temperature could be over 70℃.
In addition, the researchers used the robot’s heat to deliver substances within a simulated (模拟的) stomach environment. They attached something simulating medicine capsules onto the robot, which dissolved upon heating, thereby releasing the goods. This technique holds promise for targeted drug delivery inside the body.
Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability to halt bleeding. They created wounds using a dead pig’s stomach. By pumping blood through a small incision using a syringe, they simulated bleeding. Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding.
According to Jake Abbott from the University of Utah, the robot could potentially be employed for targeted destruction of tumor cells, reducing the need for exposing large amounts of tissue to radiation or chemicals. By raising the robot’s temperature to a level unsafe for normal cells and keeping it in place for a few minutes, cancer cells can be killed. Abbott emphasizes the high temperature sensitivity of the human body.
28. What can we infer about the small robot
A. It has been put into use.
B. It is mainly used to deliver goods.
C. It draws inspiration from the natural world.
D. It can’t be used without adding hard elements.
29. How do the researchers make the robot change shape
A. By using heat. B. By using magnets.
C. By using radiation. D. By using chemicals.
30. What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Stop. B. Challenge.
C. Evaluate. D. Explore.
31. Which can be the best title for the text
A. A Tiny Robot Will Be Used In Medicine
B. Scientists Will Make Robots Give Out Heat
C. A Small Robot Was Made To Deliver Goods
D. Doctors Have Used Tiny Robots To Cure Tumors
D
Geoffrey Hinton, who has been called the Godfather of AI, worked part-time at Google for a decade on the tech giant’s AI development and confirmed on Monday that he left his role at Google.
“I left so that I could talk about the dangers of AI without considering how this impacts Google,” Hinton said in a tweet. “Google has acted very responsibly.”
Hinton’s decision to step back from the company comes as a growing number of lawmakers, advocacy groups and tech insiders have raised alarms about the potential for a new crop of AI-powered chatbots to spread misinformation and take the place of jobs.
The wave of attention around ChatGPT late last year helped start an arms race among tech companies to develop and apply similar AI tools in their products. OpenAI, Microsoft and Google are at the forefront of this trend, but IBM, Amazon, Baidu and Tencent are working on similar technologies.
In an interview last week, Hinton expressed concerns about AI’s potential to replace jobs and create a world where many will “not be able to know what is true anymore.” He also pointed to the rapid pace of advancement, far beyond what he and others had anticipated.
“The idea that this stuff could actually get smarter than people — a few people believed that,” Hinton said in the interview. “But most people thought it was way off. And I thought it was way off. I thought it was 30 to 50 years or even longer away. Obviously, I no longer think that.”
“I believe that the rapid progress of AI is going to transform society in ways we do not fully understand and not all of the effects are going to be good,” Hinton said in an address at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in Mumbai. He noted how AI will boost healthcare while also creating opportunities for deadly autonomous weapons. “I find this prospect much more immediate and much more scary than the prospect of robots taking over, which I think is a very long way off.”
32. Why did Hinton quit Google
A. To drive the research on AI.
B. To draw our attention to Google.
C. To avoid harming Google’s interests.
D. To speak freely about the risks of AI.
33. What fueled the competition between companies for AI development
A. The emerging dangers. B. Public interest in ChatGPT.
C. Assistance from tech giants. D. The technology-centered trend.
34. What is implied in Paragraph 6
A. AI is a little-studied field.
B. AI is a long-term solution.
C. AI may defeat human intelligence soon.
D. AI may quickly live up to our expectations.
35. What concerns Hinton most now
A. AI’s potential to do harm to our life.
B. The possibility of robots taking over.
C. The application of autonomous weapon.
D. AI’s unreliable performance in healthcare.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How much time does it take you to sleep, eat and commute every day ____36____ That case, time is limited for you to do other meaningful things. Managing your time effectively, therefore, becomes a matter of critical importance. Here are many things you can do.
Work out a plan in advance.
____37____ This will give you a measure of control over what is going to happen. Whether it is a planner that you stick on the wall or a calendar app on your smartphone, finding an organizing tool that works well for you is essential. Then, record all important events such as exams, projects and rehearsals, so that you can prepare accordingly.
____38____
This is about the skill of organization. It refers to arranging your personal space at home. So when doing your homework, you are in a tidy place, free from distractions. This includes putting away your mobile phone until you have finished everything that needs to be done.
Prioritize (优先考虑) what needs doing.
There is only a limited amount of time in a day, and even with good planning and organization, it is not always possible to complete everything that needs to be done. In such circumstances, you will have to decide which task should be completed first. You should classify the activities on the basis of their urgency and importance. ____39____ Then you can focus on your objective and stick to it.
Once you start taking little steps every day to plan, organize and prioritize the activities you intend to devote your energy, skills and talents to, you can spare more time to stay with family and friends, pursue a hobby or work on personal development. ____40____
A. Create favourable conditions.
B. This classification is your ultimate goal.
C. Balancing them is really a challenge for you.
D. This classification will help determine your priority.
E. Think about upcoming events and make a to-do list.
F. These basic activities take up an enormous part of your day.
G. You will end up reaping (收获) the rewards of time management.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was in my first year of college, I hit a stretch where every area of my life was a___41___, I felt hopeless and alone, and more___42___than I knew was possible.
On one such day, I was walking from class across campus to catch my bus home, head down, fighting___43___of total despair, when a guy came down the sidewalk toward me. I had never seen him before.___44___at being seen in such an emotional___45___, I turned my head away and hoped to___46___. I figured he’d walk on by, but he moved until he was directly in front of me, waited until I looked up, then___47___.
___48___into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice: “Whatever is wrong will___49___. You’re going to be OK, just hang on.” He, then, smiled again and walked away. I can’t explain the impact of that moment, of that man’s unexpected___50___and unconditional caring! He gave me the one thing I’d lost___51___: hope. I looked for him on campus to thank him, but never saw him again.
That was thirty years ago. And I’ve never forgotten that moment. Over the years, whenever I see someone in___52___, I___53___that man and try to give a little of___54___in the dark wherever I can — carrying groceries for people, talking to tired couples at the checkout line, it could be anything.
If you keep your___55___up, your heart will show you the place that need a small dose of hope.
41. A. disaster B. miracle C. movie D. mystery
42. A. joyful B. depressed C. boring D. diverse
43. A. warmth B. sweat C. tears D. love
44. A. Frightened B. Thrilled C. Delighted D. Embarrassed
45. A. confusion B. case C. situation D. mess
46. A. break through B. get across C. hurry past D. run after
47. A. jumped B. smiled C. cried D. shouted
48. A. Looking B. Growing C. Turning D. Switching
49. A. run B. pass C. break D. gather
50. A. generosity B. kindness C. pride D. lesson
51. A. fortunately B. frequently C. completely D. quickly
52. A. doubt B. explosion C. love D. sadness
53. A. recall B. ensure C. assume D. dream
54. A. relief B. hope C. friendship D. love
55. A. hand B. face C. head D. heart
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tai chi is a centuries-old Chinese martial art and an internationally popular form of exercise. It is a series of postures (姿势) and motions that develops one’s ____56____ (strong) and flexibility through careful, flowing movements and focused breathing. Each posture ____57____(slow) transforms into another, and we gradually need to shift our weight ____58____(maintain) balance. At the end, we return to the starting position: in other words, all of the movements ____59____(connect) in an endless, continuous flow.
The practice of tai chi is rooted in ____60____(tradition) Chinese philosophy, particularly the ancient concept of yin-yang. The tai chi symbol, or taijitu, ____61____ (show) yin and yang together: yin symbolizes the dark, female force in nature, ____62____ yang represents the bright, male force. Yin cannot exist without yang, and yang cannot exist without yin. Tai chi aims to achieve balance ____63____ opposites in life: yin and yang; soft and hard; mind and body, and so on. At the heart of tai chi is the concept of qi, ____64____ generally translates as “vital energy”. The different exercises help move the qi through your body, ____65____(produce) positive effects on one’s mental and spiritual health.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校英语报下周将举办题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的英语征文比赛。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 人物事迹介绍：从钱学森、袁隆平、林巧稚、屠呦呦中任选一位；
2. 崇拜的理由。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The Scientist I Admire Most
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
What makes a home Love, sympathy and confidence. It is a place where kindly affections exist among all the members of the family. The parents take good care of their children, and the children are interested in the activities of their parents. Thus all of them are bound together by affection, and they find their home the happiest place in the world.
But for me, sometimes I can’t feel the love from my mother and can’t feel the warmth of the home. Quarrels happen between us frequently.
“Bang!” The door caused a protest. “Never set foot in this house again!” shouted Mom. With tears welling up in my eyes, I rushed out of the house and ran along the street.
A young mother who held a child in her arms walked past me. I felt as if I saw my childhood: happy and harmonious.
But then I didn’t know whether it was because I had grown up or because Mom was getting old. We were just like two people coming from two different worlds. It felt like there was an iron door between us that could never be opened.
I wandered in the street, without a destination in my mind. My heart was frozen on this hot summer night. After wandering aimlessly in the street for hours, I felt really hungry and wanted something to eat However. with no money in hand, I could do nothing but weep and sigh. A grandma, who was a snack seller at the roadside noticed me and said, “Little girl, hungry, huh Here is a bowl of noodles for you. Take it and go home quickly. ”With grateful tears hanging in my eyes, I accepted the noodles and kept expressing my gratitude. “Thank you so much! I will appreciate it all my life!” The grandma said sincerely, “You don’t need to thank me. I am just a stranger who gave you a bowl of noodles, but your mother cooks for you all her life without any complaint. Have you ever said ‘Thank you’ to her ” Hearing this. I stood there, numb with shock.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1. I remembered mother’s familiar face and weathered hands.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2. I opened the door and instantly tears ran down my cheeks.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
听力
【答案】1-5 CBABC 6-10 AACBA 11-15 CABBB 16-20 CCBAA
阅读理解
21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】本文是篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个来自不同国家和文化的传统节日及庆祝方式。
21. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The festival is believed to have existed for centuries, first in the form of military and sporting displays that followed wedding and spiritual gatherings, and then as a way to train soldiers for battle. ”（这个节日被认为已经存在了几个世纪，首先是婚礼和精神聚会后的军事和体育表演，然后是训练士兵参加战斗的一种方式。）可知，由婚礼和精神聚会后的军事和体育表演变为训练士兵参加战斗的一种方式，可得出Naadam节的庆祝活动随着时间的推移已经改变了。故选C。
22. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The festival is a good opportunity for young girls and boys to meet and fall in love.”（这个节日是年轻女孩和男孩相遇并坠入爱河的好机会。）可知，未婚的男青年很可能对Zimei节感兴趣。故选B。
23. 文章来源题。根据第一段“Interested in different cultures Take a look at these communities around the world, discover how they celebrate their traditional festivals, and see just how they like to throw a party.”（对不同的文化感兴趣？看看世界各地的这些社区，看看他们是如何庆祝传统节日的，看看他们是如何举办派对的。）及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了几个来自不同国家和文化的传统节日及庆祝方式，可供喜欢不同文化的旅游人士参考，故应该选自旅游宣传册。故选A。
24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一名教练提高队员们的综合素质，比赛取得胜利，也给了队员宝贵的人生经验的故事。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Being a high school coach provides wonderful opportunities not only to seek great skill from students in sports, but also to implant(灌输)in them some valuable life lessons.（作为一名高中教练，不仅提供了绝佳的机会从学生身上寻找伟大的体育技能，而且还向他们灌输了一些宝贵的人生经验。）和第三句“Although part of this is the result of physical fitness and practice, an improved general attitude has also played a key role in the team’s success.（虽然这部分归功于身体素质和训练，但整体态度的提高也在球队的成功中发挥了关键作用。）可知，Green教练改变球员们的行为，是为了教他们树立正确的人生价值观并提高他们的整体品质。故选A项。
25. 观点态度题。根据第三段的“But he has showed us the right way to be a successful man.（但他向我们展示了成为成功人士的正确方法。）”和最后一句“Really, he’s helping turn us from boys to men.（真的，他正在帮助我们从男孩变成男人。）”可知，学生们受益于教练的额外纪律，因此他们对此是支持的。故选B项。
26. 推理判断题。根据第五段的“It’s just a lot of simple disciplines. That’s what is lacking in a lot of our young people.”It's just a lot of simple disciplines...（它只是很多简单的规范。这正是我们很多年轻人所缺乏的。）可知，学生正确的日常行为很重要。故选C项。
27. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Being a high school coach provides wonderful opportunities not only to seek great skill from students in sports, but also to implant(灌输) in them some valuable life lessons.（作为一名高中教练，不仅提供了绝佳的机会从学生身上寻找高超的体育技能，而且还向他们灌输了一些宝贵的人生经验。）以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲了Green教练向他的球员灌输重要的人生经验。故选C项。
28. C 29. B 30. A 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究人员设计了一种可以改变形状的小型机器人，这种机器人可以靶向杀灭肿瘤细胞，还能给伤口止血，具有潜在医学应用前景。
28. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲).（德国斯图加特马克斯普朗克智能系统研究所的任浩顺领导的研究人员，以穿山甲为灵感，开发了一种厘米大小的机器人。）”可知，这种小型机器人的研发灵感来自穿山甲，由此可知，该机器人的灵感是来自于自然界。故选C项。
29. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape.（它是由柔软的磁性材料制成的，可以让机器人改变自己的形状。）”可知，这种机器人是一种柔性磁性材料做的，结合第三段的“To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts.（为了实现运动、变形和发热，研究人员在机器人的金属部件上施加了磁场。）”可知，为了让这种机器人能改变形状，研究人员使用了有磁性的材料。故选B项。
30. 词义推测题。根据第五段的“Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability”可知，此处指的是团队要对该机器人的某种能力进行测试，结合下文中的“Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding.（随后，机器人伸展并覆盖了该区域，释放热量以帮助止血。）”可知，这种机器人能够帮助止血，由此可知，该单词的意思应是“阻止”。故选A项。
31. 标题归纳题。根据首段“A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body.（一个可以改变形状并产生热量的小型机器人显示出靶向癌细胞和预防内出血的潜力。它还可以用于将药物直接输送到肿瘤或人体内无法到达的区域。）”可知，研究人员设计了一种可以改变形状的小型机器人，这种机器人可以靶向杀灭肿瘤细胞，还能给伤口止血，具有潜在医学应用前景，进而在下文中对该机器人的制作灵感以及该机器人的功能进行介绍，所以本文的标题为“一种将被应用在医学上的小型机器人”与文章内容一致，且概括了主题。故选A项。
32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Geoffrey Hinton谈论人工智能对人类的影响。
32. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘I left so that I could talk about the dangers of AI without considering how this impacts Google,’ Hinton said in a tweet.（Hinton在推特上说，‘我离开了，这样我就可以讨论AI的危险，不用考虑这会对谷歌造成的影响。’）”可知，他离开谷歌，就可以自由地谈论人工智能的风险。故选D项。
33. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The wave of attention around ChatGPT late last year helped start an arms race among tech companies to develop and apply similar AI tools in their products.（去年年底围绕ChatGPT的关注浪潮帮助科技公司展开了一场军备竞赛，以在其产品中开发和应用类似的人工智能工具）”可知，是因为围绕ChatGPT的关注浪潮加剧了公司之间对AI开发的竞争。故选B项。
34. 推理判断题。根据第六段中“‘The idea that this stuff could actually get smarter than people — a few people believed that,’ Hinton said in the interview. ‘But most people thought it was way off. And I thought it was way off. I thought it was 30 to 50 years or even longer away. Obviously, I no longer think that.’（Hinton在采访中说：‘一些人相信，这种东西实际上会变得比人更聪明。但大多数人认为这太离谱了。我觉得这太离谱了。我认为这是30到50年甚至更长的时间。显然，我不再这么想了。’）”可知，人工智能可能很快就会击败人类智能。故选C项。
35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He noted how AI will boost healthcare while also creating opportunities for deadly autonomous weapons. ‘I find this prospect much more immediate and much more scary than the prospect of robots taking over, which I think is a very long way off.’（他指出，人工智能如何促进医疗保健的同时，也为致命的自主武器创造机会。‘我发现这种前景比机器人接管的前景更直接，也更可怕，我认为这还有很长的路要走。’）”可知，他最担忧的是人工智能对我们生活的潜在危害。故选A项。
七选五
36. F 37. E 38. A 39. D 40. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕如何管理时间而展开。
36. 由上文“How much time does it take you to sleep, eat and commute every day （你每天花多少时间睡觉、吃饭和通勤？）”可知，设空处所填的句子应该是回答前句，连接后句给出事实的结果。而F项These basic activities take up an enormous part of your day.（这些基本活动占据了你一天中很大一部分时间。）符合语境，其中These basic activities和上文sleep, eat and commute 对应。故选F项。
37. 由上文“Work out a plan in advance.（提前制定一个计划。）”可知，本段主要讲即提前制定计划，而本空设在段首，旨在进一步解释副标题大意。E项Think about upcoming events and make a to-do list.（思考即将发生的事件，并列出待办事项。）符合语境，其中make a to-do list与上文Work out a plan 对应。故选E项。
38. 由下文“This is about the skill of organization. It refers to arranging your personal space at home. So when doing your homework, you are in a tidy place, free from distractions. This includes putting away your mobile phone until you have finished everything that needs to be done.（这是关于组织的技巧。它指的是在家里安排你的个人空间。所以，当你做作业时，你在一个整洁的地方，没有分心的事情。这包括把你的手机收起来，直到你完成了所有需要做的事情。）”可知，这段主要讲怎样创造对自己有利的条件。而A项Create favourable conditions.（创造有利条件。）符合语境，其中“arranging”，“a tidy place”，“free from distractions”和“putting away”，与A项“Create favourable conditions”相呼应。故选A项。
39. 由上文“You should classify the activities on the basis of their urgency and importance.（你应该根据活动的紧迫性和重要性对其进行分类。）”以及后句“Then you can focus on your objective and stick to it.（然后你可以专注于你的目标并坚持下去。）”可知，设空处所填内容应为将活动进行分类的好处，所以D项This classification will help determine your priority.（此分类将有助于确定您的优先级。）符合语境。其中This classification与上文classify对应。故选D项。
40. 由上文“Once you start taking little steps every day to plan, organize and prioritize the activities you intend to devote your energy, skills and talents to, you can spare more time to stay with family and friends, pursue a hobby or work on personal development.（一旦你开始每天采取一些小步骤来计划、组织和优先安排你打算投入精力、技能和才能的活动，你就可以腾出更多的时间与家人和朋友呆在一起，追求爱好或致力于个人发展。）”可知，这里主要讲一旦提前规划、创造环境并对所做事情进行优化排序，人们将收获时间管理带来的好处。所以G项You will end up reaping (收获) the rewards of time management.（你最终会收获时间管理的回报。）符合语境，对上文有总结作用。故选G项。
完形填空
41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在大一的时候有一次因为绝望而想哭的时候，一位陌生人给了作者安慰，为他带去了希望，作者之后在遇到悲伤的人的时候也会为那些人带去希望。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在大学一年级的时候，我经历了一段时间，我生活的每个方面都是灾难，我感到绝望和孤独，比我想象的还要沮丧。A. disaster灾难；B. miracle奇迹；C. movie电影；D. mystery奥秘。根据下文“I felt hopeless”可知，作者生活的每个方面都是灾难。故选A。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在大学一年级的时候，我经历了一段时间，我生活的每个方面都是灾难，我感到绝望和孤独，比我想象的还要沮丧。A. joyful快乐的；B. depressed沮丧的；C. boring令人无聊的；D. diverse各式各样的。根据上文“I felt hopeless and alone, and more”可知，句子表示“我感到绝望和孤独，比我想象的还要沮丧”。故选B。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在这样的一天，我正从教室走出来，穿过校园赶公交车回家，低着头，强忍着绝望的泪水，这时一个男人从人行道上朝我走来。A. warmth温暖；B. sweat汗水；C. tears眼泪；D. love爱。根据下文“total despair”和常识可知，作者因为绝望而哭，所以空格处是“眼泪”。故选C。
44. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被人看到这样情绪混乱，我感到很尴尬，我转过头去，希望能快点过去。A. Frightened害怕的；B. Thrilled兴奋的；C. Delighted高兴的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“a guy came down the sidewalk toward me. I had never seen him before”可知，作者想哭，有人过来看见了，所以作者觉得尴尬。故选D。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：被人看到这样情绪混乱，我感到很尴尬，我转过头去，希望能快点过去。A. confusion困惑；B. case案子；C. situation情况；D. mess混乱。根据上文“head down, fighting ________ of total despair”可知，作者在强忍眼泪，作者是被人看到这样情绪混乱。故选D。
46. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：被人看到这样情绪混乱，我感到很尴尬，我转过头去，希望能快点过去。A. break through突破；B. get across使……被理解；C. hurry past快点过去；D. run after追求。根据上文“______ at being seen in such an emotional _______”可知，作者感到尴尬，所以想这一切能快点过去。故选C。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为他会走过去，但他一直走到我的正前方，等我抬起头，然后笑了。A. jumped跳；B. smiled微笑；C. cried哭；D. shouted大喊。根据下文“in a quiet voice”可知，那个人对作者笑。故选B。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个陌生人看着我的眼睛，用平静的声音说：“任何错误都会过去的。你会没事的，坚持住。”A. Looking看；B. Growing生长；C. Turning转向；D. Switching改变，转变。根据下文“into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice”可知，这个陌生人看着作者的眼睛。故选A。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个陌生人看着我的眼睛，用平静的声音说：“任何错误都会过去的。你会没事的，坚持住。”A. run跑；B. pass经过，结束，停止；C. break打破；D. gather聚集。根据下文“You’re going to be OK”可知，任何错误都会过去的。故选B。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我无法解释那一刻的影响，那个男人出乎意料的善良和无条件的关怀！A. generosity慷慨；B. kindness善良；C. pride骄傲；D. lesson课。根据上文“Whatever is wrong will ________. You’re going to be OK”可知，那个人安慰作者，所以他是善良的。故选B。
51. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他给了我曾经完全失去的东西：希望。A. fortunately幸运地；B. frequently频繁地；C. completely完全；D. quickly快速地。根据上文“Whatever is wrong will ________. You’re going to be OK, just hang on.”和第43空后的despair可知，作者原本感到绝望，那个人的安慰给了作者完全失去的东西，就是希望。故选C。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，每当我看到悲伤的人，我就会想起那个人，并尽可能在黑暗中给他一点希望——为人们拎着杂货，在收银台前与疲惫的夫妇交谈，这可能是任何事情。A. doubt怀疑；B. explosion爆炸；C. love爱；D. sadness悲伤。根据下文“in the dark”可知，此处表示“当我看到悲伤的人，我就会想起那个人”。故选D。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，每当我看到悲伤的人，我就会想起那个人，并尽可能在黑暗中给他一点希望——为人们拎着杂货，在收银台前与疲惫的夫妇交谈，这可能是任何事情。A. recall回想起；B. ensure确保；C. assume设想；D. dream梦见。根据下文“that man”可知，作者是每当看到悲伤的人就会回想起那个人。故选A。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，每当我看到悲伤的人，我就会想起那个人，并尽可能在黑暗中给他一点希望——为人们拎着杂货，在收银台前与疲惫的夫妇交谈，这可能是任何事情。A. relief宽慰，轻松；B. hope希望；C. friendship友谊；D. love爱。根据上文“He gave me the one thing I’d lost ________: hope”可知，作者学那个男人也给他人带去希望。故选B。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你抬起头，你的心会告诉你哪里需要一点希望。A. hand手；B. face脸；C. head头；D. heart心。根据下文“your heart will show you the place that need a small dose of hope”和第47空前的“I looked up”可知，句子表示“如果你抬起头，你的心会告诉你哪里需要一点希望”。故选C。
语法填空
56. strength 57. slowly 58. to maintain 59. are connected 60. traditional 61. shows 62. while/and 63. between 64. which 65. producing
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统武术——太极拳，介绍了其动作和核心概念等。
56. 考查名词。句意：它是一系列的姿势和动作，通过仔细、流畅的动作和集中的呼吸来发展一个人的力量和灵活性。分析句子成分以及根据空后的“flexibility”可判断，空处为名词形式。故填strength。
57. 考查副词。句意：每一种姿势慢慢地转变成另一种姿势，我们逐渐需要转移我们的体重来保持平衡。修饰动词“transform”用副词形式。故填slowly。
58. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每一种姿势慢慢地转变成另一种姿势，我们逐渐需要转移我们的体重来保持平衡。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to maintain。
59. 考查时态和语态。句意：最后，我们回到开始的位置：换句话说，所有的动作都连接在一个无止境的、连续的流动中。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“all of the movements”，复数，和动词connect之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are connected。
60. 考查形容词。句意：太极拳的练习植根于中国传统哲学，特别是古老的阴阳观念。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰空后的“Chinese philosophy”。故填traditional。
61. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：太极符号，或太极图，显示阴和阳在一起：阴象征黑暗，女性的力量在自然界，而阳代表光明，男性的力量。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“the tai chi symbol”，单数，和动词show之间为主动关系。故填shows。
62. 考查连词。句意：太极符号，或太极图，显示阴和阳在一起：阴象征黑暗，女性的力量在自然界，而阳代表光明，男性的力量。前后句表示对比关系或并列关系，所以用连词while或and连接。故填while/and。
63. 考查介词。句意：太极拳的目的是在生活的对立面之间达到平衡：阴和阳；软和硬；心灵和身体，等等。根据空后的“yin and yang”、“soft and hard”可知，空处指的是两者之间，用介词between。故填between。
64. 考查定语从句。句意：太极拳的核心是气的概念，通常翻译为“生命能量”。考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“qi”，指物，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：不同的运动有助于在你的身体中移动气，对一个人的心理和精神健康产生积极的影响。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填producing。
写作
The Scientist I Admire Most
There are many outstanding scientists in the world. Among those, I admire Yuan Longping most.
Dr. Yuan devotes himself to doing research on the rice output. Since his young age, Yuan had devoted himself to boosting rice yields, which became his life goal. Through many years’ research, his efforts paid off. His super hybrid rice has a high output and helps feed people at home and abroad.
It is Yuan Longping’s hard-working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed. He is my role model and has been inspiring me to study hard.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇英语短文投稿，介绍一位自己最崇拜的科学家。
段落续写
Paragraph 1: I remembered mother’s familiar face and weathered hands. It was the owner of the face and hands that raised me up. To send me to school in time, she had to give up her sleeping time. To make me have a delicate meal, she had to put up with the kitchen fume. Thinking of what she had done for me, I made a decision not to quarrel with my mom anymore and hurriedly ran home after saying goodbye to the grandma. As I arrived at the door, the light was still on.
Paragraph 2: I opened the door and instantly tears ran down my cheeks. I saw my exhausted mom waiting for me anxiously, tears wetting her clothes. I couldn’t help embracing her affectionately. “Mom, I feel so sorry and thank you so much for your selfless devotion. Please forgive me for my immaturity.” Hearing this, my mother smiled, patting me gently. I suddenly realized the iron door I had built between us did not exist anymore, because the love between my mom and me is second to none.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和母亲之间的隔阂，作者认为家才是世界上最快乐的地方，最后作者和母亲之间的隔阂因为爱而消失，爱是首屈一指的。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我想起了母亲熟悉的面孔和饱经风霜的双手。”可知，第一段可描写作者对母爱的回忆，尤其是过去母亲对自己的照顾。
②由第二段首句内容“我打开门，眼泪立刻顺着脸颊流了下来。”可知，第二段可描写作者打开门后看到的场景和流泪的原因。
2. 续写线索：出走——回忆——母爱——回家——道歉——感动——感悟
附：
听力原文
1. W: It’s really nice to have known you. I’m going to miss you. Don’t forget to give me a ring.
M: OK, I won’t forget it at all.
2. M: The game will soon begin.
W: I can’t wait to watch the game. This is the first time that I’ve been to a football game here. I always watch football on TV at home.
3. W: Would you mind if I borrowed your car until Monday or Tuesday next week
M: I’m sorry that it’s just not possible.
4. M: Mrs White, we have to change the schedule again I really want to meet with you. I just need some time to sort out my schedule.
W: Well, I know you are pretty busy. But we have got to work fast on this. Otherwise, we’ll lose the market.
5. M: I’d choose to be a journalist. What about you, Jane
W: I’ve just joined the chess club. My coach thinks I have a good chance of becoming a champion. So I’m going to be a chess player.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
6-7. M: Hi Jennifer. I’m calling to tell you that Wendy and I are leaving tomorrow afternoon.
W: Oh, so soon I hope you’ve had a good time visiting places and friends here.
M: Yes. We had a great time. Thank you again for the wonderful dinner last Friday. If you and your husband Gary come to San Francisco, please let us know and we are glad to have you as our guests.
W: Thank you, Tom. Have a safe trip.
8-9. W: What sort of hours do you work, Steven
M: I work from ten till three, then I start again at seven and work until eleven in the evening. Six days a week.
W: What’s hard about the job
M: We’re standing up all the time. When we’re busy, people get angry and shout.
W: And what’s your secret to doing the job well
M: Attention to details. Love and be enthusiastic about it.
10-12.
M: Hey, Alice, could you tell me something about your company
W: Yeah, of course. We have the work area and the study area.
M: What You have a study area
W: Yeah. As you can see, David, the work area is over there.
M: And this is during company hours Does the boss know about this
W: It’s the boss’s idea. The company pays for employees to do courses. So during our breaks or after seven when we go off work, we can stay on and study in the study area.
M: It sounds excellent. Are you studying at the moment
W: Yeah, but I’m not studying anything connected with clothes or design.
M: Nothing to do with your job! What are you studying
W: I’m studying history.
M: The company pays
W: Yes. It pays for about six of us. I think about six of us are doing online courses.
13-16. M: Hi, Kate. Peter says you're looking for someone to share your flat.
W: That’s right, I’m actually doing that.
M: Well, I’m going to come to the university here and it’s far for me to travel to my parents’ house every day. So could I share your flat
W: Why not
M: Oh , that’s great. Does anyone else live there or will it be just the two of us
W: There’s one other person who is studying biology. His name is Jack.
M: Great, It’ll be really good to live together with people of my own age. I want to find a place where t can have parties and my friends can come and stay. My parents don’t like me making any noise, but you won’t mind, will you
W: What kind of noise Music is fine.
M: Good, because t play the guitar in the band. And t also play the violin , but not in the band.
W: Oh, well, I do need to study.
M: Oh, don’t worry, I won’t play it loudly.
W: That’s good.
M: I saw a flat which is very near the university. But it was so tidy that I decided not to live there, I don’t expect you’re tidy either, are you
W: Well, I do prefer to keep the flat tidy. Maybe you should look for another flat.
17-20. M: My father was very proud that I’d been to university—the first in my family to do so, and he hoped I would become a banker or a lawyer. But I started my business when I saw a chance to make money from sports shoes in the early 1980s. The business kept growing, I had 120 shops in 1990, and just before I sold the business in 1998, the figure had grown to 250. I made 268 million from the sale. I thought I had made all the money I would need. I decided to enjoy myself. I spent lots of money on race cars and beautiful houses but after a while, I was bored and wanted to work again. I visited Africa for the first time in 2002 and saw I could offer business advice to farmers who were in difficulty. About five years ago, I started lending small amounts of money to farmers and other people all over the world who had nothing but wanted to start their own business. Recently, I’ve been taking part in some projects. We’ve been able to build new schools and set up training programs that teach children about business. The first of these projects to be completed was a hospital in a small town in Malawi this spring.
