Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 能力提升素养练习
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Do you like running enough to make it a habit Tierney Wolfgram does; she has made running a lifelong career and isn't stopping.
In February, the 16 year old from a high school competed at the 2020 US Olympic Trials. She finished the marathon with a time of 2：42：47 as the youngest competitor in the race and ranked 76th out of 390 runners. However, the cross country (越野的) season was postponed to winter because of the COVID 19. So she jumped at the opportunity to train for another race—the Parkway Marathon in California. In November, Wolfgram broke the Women's American Junior marathon record with her time of 2：31：49. The old record was 2：34：32, which had stood since 1984.
“I'm completely stunned，” said Wolfgram's coach.“I knew she was going to break it, but she really showed out！”
During the run, Wolfgram once hit a wall pretty hard, but she overcame it to finish. “I guess I can say I gave it my all, ”she told Runner's World. “When I finished, all I was thinking was I felt super happy，” Wolfgram said.This was only her third marathon. In 2018, when Wolfgram was 15 years old, she ran her first marathon just because she wanted to see if she had the ability to do it. “I believed that I would get faster as the distances got longer...I'm still glad that I did it.”
When preparing for that first marathon, she ran up to 120 miles per week. Although her parents didn't have any background in running, they helped Wolfgram train. At first, her dad would take her out in the morning and run about 13 miles. The distance would gradually increase each day. On top of her runs in the morning, she would do cross country practice after school.
Now Wolfgram will consider attending the Olympics Games in 2024 after it's scheduled.
1．What can we learn about Wolfgram from Paragraph 2
A．She was the champion at the 2020 US Olympic Trials.
B．She put off the cross country season for the COVID 19.
C．She broke an Olympic marathon record in November.
D．She prepared for the Parkway Marathon in California.
2．What does the underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Doubtful. B．Worried. C．Shocked. D．Interested.
3．What inspired Wolfgram to run her first marathon
A．Her parents' encouragement.
B．Her desire to prove she could do it.
C．Her coach's support and help.
D．Her hope to break the national record.
4．Which section of a newspaper does the passage probably come from
A．Sports. B．Lifestyle. C．Culture. D．Opinion.
B
Tobogganing, or sledding (雪橇), likely comes before the colonization of North America. Records show that Canada's First Peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps, Raymond Flower writes in The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports. But modern day sled races can trace their origins back to the Swiss Alps in the late 1800s when British tourists decided to race in wooden luges (a sled used by one person) that locals had used to travel through snow. The origin is debatable in snowy northern New York, however, where there's evidence that Albany held bobsled (a sled used by two or more people) races as early as 1885.
Wherever they began, sled races quickly became popular. The famous Cresta Run, named after the Swiss town near the base of its course, was built in 1885 using snowbanks. The first organized competition was in 1898, hosted by the first bobsled club in nearby St.Moritz (a city in Switzerland). It was then that sledding began to separate from the luge to include two new sports: bob sledding, and skeleton sledding (俯式雪橇)．
Cresta Run is considered the birthplace of the skeleton, a particularly daring form of sledding. Unlike the luge, where competitors ride feet first on a sled with metal runners, the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance. Riders lie down on the sled headfirst, then drop suddenly down an ice track. Bobsledding, meanwhile, involves teams of two to four in which the person in front controls directions and the player in back brakes when needed. It earned its name after competitors started swinging back and forth to speed up the sled.
Bobsledding initially overtook skeleton sledding in popularity, becoming one of a handful of sports played at the first Winter Games in 1924. The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled. But in the 1970s, adjustments were made to both the skeleton and bob runs in order to include the event at future winter games.
5．What can we infer about Raymond Flower
A．He is a writer.
B．He is good at sledding.
C．He invented the sledding race.
D．He set the first record of sledding.
6．How does skeleton sledding differ from the luge
A．Skeleton sledding runs on metal runners.
B．Skeleton sledding doesn't have back brakes.
C．Riders on Skeleton sledding sled with their feet.
D．Skeleton sledding needs players to lie down on it headfirst.
7．What limited the popularity of skeleton sledding
A．Its special shape.
B．Its speed.
C．Its steel runners.
D．Its unsuitable adjustments.
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．Why is sledding so popular
B．How did sledding develop in Switzerland
C．What are sledding adventures about
D．How did people kill time in North America
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
C
Basketball is a great sport that is not only fun, but also brings children many benefits in different ways. 1 .
Playing basketball has physical benefits.Children are full of energy—they need to move, jump and run constantly.Basketball will allow them to control that energy in a positive way.It's a full body sport. 2 Since it's a fast and dynamic sport, children need to follow the game and the continuous movement of the ball.The ball moves quickly from one side of the court to the other and the kids move at the same pace which helps improve both resistance and speed.
Playing basketball has cognitive (认知的) benefits.Children who practice playing basketball develop skills that help them fight against opponents and move around the court.This sport helps them increase their ability to concentrate. 3 Children will learn to assess surrounding situations and problems that may arise, and then find the best and fastest solution.The fast pace of the game encourages quick decision making and stimulates their concrete and abstract thinking.
4 Since it's a team sport, basketball promotes sociability, coexistence and respect among peers.It's ideal for shy children because they will have to learn to interact with other players.This is important both to get better at the sport and to have more fun.They will also learn important values like cooperation, teamwork and competitiveness.
5 In fact, there are many other benefits.The most important thing is that it's a very fast and fun sport.This tends to make the vast majority of children enjoy it.
A．Playing basketball just has entertaining benefits.
B．Playing basketball has social and emotional advantages.
C．These are not all of the advantages of playing basketball.
D．This means that it strengthens muscles in their whole bodies.
E．It also makes them more aware of the environment around them.
F．This sport promotes healthy development in children for a number of reasons.
G．However, there are some disadvantages when children keep running on the court.
D
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was：“You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，” while another read: “ 6 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 7 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 8 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 9
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 10 Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lyons, head of Team USA to the Beijing Winter Olympics, 1. (describe) the facilities and services at the Games as “impressive” and said that the US athletes were satisfied.
The 2. (organize) have made every effort to make 3. possible for all athletes to make the best of their potential. As the host city of the 2022 Winter Games, Beijing has done what it can to offer the best facilities and services, 4. which most athletes are quite satisfied according to interviews with them.
Sports can definitely promote friendship between people from different countries and 5. (positive) impact international relations. The “ping pong diplomacy” is 6. case in point, which opened the door to friendship not just between the Chinese and US players, but also the development of relations between China and the United States.
In the frustrations that have soured bilateral (双边的) relations in the past couple of years, an opportunity 7. (offer) in the current Games for athletes from China and the US to communicate and hopefully promote more understanding between the two peoples. With the Beijing Games, China hopes that the Olympic Spirit can function as a vehicle 8. (convey) to the world that there is more to international relations than geopolitical games. The friendship forged between athletes from different countries should deliver a message to politicians in all countries 9. globalization and multilateralism are the right way for the international community to seek common development and address the common challenges 10. (face) humanity.
答案解析：
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Wolfgram非常喜欢跑步，并且将它当作一个事业，由于病毒的传播不能参加越野赛，所以选择了马拉松，并且打破了世界纪录。
1．D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“So she jumped at the opportunity to train for another race—the Parkway Marathon in California.”可知，从第二段中我们能够知道，Wolfgram在为加州的Parkway马拉松赛做准备。
2．C 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段教练所说的“I knew she was going to break it, but she really showed out！”可知，教练的语气是激动的，并且对于Wolfgram打破纪录的行为感到十分震惊。故选C项。
3．B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“ In 2018, when Wolfgram was 15 years old, she ran her first marathon just because she wanted to see if she had the ability to do it.”可知，她跑第一次的马拉松就是想证明自己能做到。
4．A 文章出处题。根据文章首句“Do you like running enough to make it a habit？”以及全文围绕Wolfgram的马拉松职业生涯展开可知，本文的主题和体育运动相关，故这篇文章可能来自报纸的体育部分。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展。
5．A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Records show that Canada's First Peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps, Raymond Flower writes in The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports.”可以推断出，Raymond Flower是一位作家。故选A。
6．D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unlike the luge, where competitors ride feet first on a sled with metal runners, the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance. Riders lie down on the sled headfirst, then drop suddenly down an ice track.”可知，俯式雪橇与无舵雪橇的不同之处是俯式雪橇需要运动员在滑行时头朝下躺在上面。
7．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled.”可知，俯式雪橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合钢架的俯式雪橇，因此限制了俯式雪橇普及的是它的钢骨架。
8．B 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Wherever they began, sled races quickly became popular...It was then that sledding began to separate from the luge to include two new sports: bob sledding, and skeleton sledding (俯式雪橇)．”可知，文章介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展，故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了篮球是一项很好的运动，不仅有趣，而且以不同的方式给孩子们带来很多好处。
1．F 根据上文“Basketball is a great sport that is not only fun, but also brings children many benefits in different ways.”可知，F项“由于许多原因，这项运动促进儿童的健康发展”符合此处语境。原文brings children many benefits与F项中的promotes healthy development in children相对应。故选F。
2．D 根据上文“It's a full body sport.”可知，D项“这意味着它能增强全身的肌肉”符合此处语境。原文full body与D项中的whole body相对应。故选D。
3．E 根据下文“Children will learn to assess surrounding situations and problems that may arise, and then find the best and fastest solution.”可知，E项“这也让他们更加了解周围的环境”符合此处语境。原文assess surrounding situations and problems与E项中的aware of the environment around相对应。故选E。
4．B 根据下文“Since it's a team sport, basketball promotes sociability, coexistence and respect among peers.”可知，B项“打篮球有社交和情感上的优势”符合此处语境。原文promotes sociability, coexistence and respect与B项中的social and emotional advantages相对应。故选B。
5．C 根据下文“In fact, there are many other benefits.”可知，C项“这些并不是打篮球的全部好处”符合此处语境。原文other benefits与C项中的not all of the advantages相对应。故选C。
D
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
1．C 根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled ‘Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.’ One reason was: ‘You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym’”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选项C“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
2．D 根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person.”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility？”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗？)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
3．B 根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response.”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.”可知，选项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by.(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
4．G 根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴启事所要包括的信息。所以选项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information.(任何寻找锻炼伙伴的启事都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
5．F 根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.(接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过北京奥运会，中国希望奥林匹克精神能够向世界传达国际关系比地缘政治游戏更重要的信息。
1．【解析】 考查动词的时态。空处是和said并列的谓语动词，此处为一般过去时。故填described。
【答案】 described
2．【解析】 考查词性转换和名词的单复数。空处需填名词作主语，organizer表示“组织者”，是可数名词，结合“have”可知，需用名词复数形式。故填organizers。
【答案】 organizers
3．【解析】 考查代词。“make＋it＋形容词＋to do...”为固定结构，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故填it。
【答案】 it
4．【解析】 考查介词。be satisfied with为固定短语，表示“对……感到满意”，此处表示“对这些设施和服务感到满意”，需用with which 引导非限制性定语从句。故填with。
【答案】 with
5．【解析】 考查词性转换。修饰动词impact需用副词作状语。故填positively。
【答案】 positively
6．【解析】 考查冠词。case为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且case发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词修饰。故填a。
【答案】 a
7．【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语opportunity和offer为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is offered。
【答案】 is offered
8．【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to convey。
【答案】 to convey
9．【解析】 考查名词性从句。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词message，从句不缺成分，需用连接词引导。故填that。
【答案】 that
10．【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词address，空处需填非谓语动词，challenges和face为逻辑主谓关系，需用动词 ing形式作后置定语。故填facing。
【答案】 facing
