肇庆市2024届高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测
英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的信息填写清楚、准确，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码粘贴处。
2. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
3. 答题时请按要求用笔，保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不得使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。考试结束后，请将本试题及答题卡交回。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do not miss this unique opportunity to participate in Circle U. ’s winter course at Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin with co-students from nine universities across Europe!
Key Information
● Dates:24-28 November plus five additional online sessions
● Level/target group:Students from all fields of study
●Costs:School fees are free of charge. Participants will receive support for their travel, accommodation and living costs.
● Application deadline:28 November, 2023
How to Apply
Applications are accepted through the Move On website. Along with the application form, please submit your CV and motivation letter, your transcript of records as well as proof of enrollment(注册)at one of the Circle U. universities.
*By 2 October,all applicants will be informed by email about the results of the selection procedure.
Course Description
No matter whether you study art history, agricultural sciences, or something else altogether,the winter school“Climate Change &Policy:How to Transition to a Post-Carbon Future” is for you. Over the course of two weeks—five days of online sessions and five in person—you will take part in interactive lectures, workshops, and panel discussions, all led by famous researchers and policy experts from across Europe.
●Together with Circle U. students, you will not only learn about basic concepts of climate science,but also discover the potential of mitigation(缓解)actions,as well as the dynamics of climate politics.
●In small teams, you will analyze and document examples of the climate impact on your home region, and research sustainability policies at your university.
1. What do we know about the winter course
A. It will last more than two weeks.
B. No school fees are required for it.
C. No limitation is set on application.
D. It's open to students of certain majors.
2. Which of the following should be contained in the application materials
A. Certificate of enrollment.
B. A self-introduction letter.
C. Records of previous activities.
D. School permission documents.
3. What can participants acquire through the course
A. Knowledge about climate trend.
B. Recognition of related course credit.
C. Insights into basics of climate science.
D. Ways of responding to climate policies.
B
“You’re fired!”
Andrew wasn’t joking. At that moment, the high school junior wanted his personal care attendant, Christy, out of his life forever. He didn’t want her to tell him that he didn’t need help using the computer and he could write his own term papers. Enough already.
“You’re fired!” He said it again for extra emphasis. Christy didn’t draw back. She needed this job. Hurricane Katrina had damaged her house. But the retired PE teacher wasn’t discouraged. “I’m a tough nut, ”she says today. “You know, I’ve taught middle schools.”
When Andrew was diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome (阿斯伯格综合征), at age eight, people told his mom, Cindy, to “get him on the list” for an attendant to provide after- school care. However, it was eight years before they were matched with Christy. Meanwhile, Andrew’s family did their best to shelter him from life’s hardships. “I worried about him,” Cindy says. “I tended to handle a lot.”
There was a lot to worry about. Could Andrew graduate from high school Live independently Cindy would do anything for her son. Christy saw the problem right away. “Andrew wouldn’t take a step without his mother’s permission,” Christy remembers. “You have to let him fail,” she told the family. “It’s the only way he’s going to learn. To be able to do things on his own.”
No longer would Cindy write Andrew’s papers for him. Christy wouldn’t be helping him with homework either. He complained. Loudly at times. But then things began to change. Andrew would come home from school and start on his homework. He saw that Christy really was there for him. She wouldn’t do his papers for him. But she showed him how to get organized. Once his work was done, Christy offered freedom. She’d take him out to eat his favorite food, sushi.
One step at a time, Andrew gained independence. He graduated from high school and entered college. Last spring Andrew moved into his own apartment. At 25, he says life has never been better.
4. What might lead to Andrew’s desire to fire Christy
A. His tiredness of learning.
B. His being rid of dependence.
C. Her longing for others’ respect.
D. Her prejudice on unhealthy people.
5. What was Cristy’s first response to Andrew’s threat
A. She felt huge pressure.
B. She begged to stay
C. She reflected deeply.
D. She stayed calm.
6. What can we infer about the purpose of Christy’s insisting on her approach
A. To relieve the mother’s concerns.
B. To improve Andrew’s confidence.
C. To remove Andrew’s rooted habits.
D. To cure Andrew’s existing disease.
7. Which of the following best describes Christy as a care attendant
A. Demanding but patient.
B. Serious and outgoing.
C. Caring and energetic.
D. Stubborn but cautious.
C
Healthy human skin is covered with bacteria (细菌) that are quick to settle in an open wound. To prevent these organisms from spreading through the body, which can permanently injure or kill a person, the infected wound may need to be cleaned and treated with antibiotics. Medical professionals typically identify infections by unwrapping and observing a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and conducting a laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow down the healing process. Plus, observations are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.
To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit under bandages and continuously monitor indirect signs of infection, such as changes in wound temperature or acidity. And scientists at the National University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.
This sensor can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because disease-causing bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so testing for the substance reduces the chance of a false positive result. Furthermore, DNase builds up before other infection signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW) sensor, was detailed in Science Advances.
WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely on a material called DNAgel. There searchers developed a particular kind of DNAgel that remains stable in watery environments, such as the human body, but begins to break down in the presence of DNase. They connected this gel (凝胶) to a chip that senses when the gel responds by sending a signal to a smartphone.
Thus far, the team has exposed the DNAgel to wound swabs from 18 people’s wounds to see how much the material degraded in the presence of the bacteria. There searchers also used the device on six living lab mice whose wounds were exposed to the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infections.
8. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The harm of common wounds.
B. The treatment of infected wounds.
C. The intervention on wound healing.
D. The dilemma of infection observation.
9. How does the WINDOW sensor detect infections
A. By comparing wound acidity.
B. By detecting the DNase enzyme.
C. By measuring the bacteria amount.
D. By observing changes in wound color.
10. What can we expect of the WINDOW sensor in the future
A. It will cut down the length of infection-treating.
B. It could reduce the cost of infection observation.
C. It can monitor wounds continuously and remotely.
D. It might help conduct laboratory tests on wounds.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Innovations in Wound Infection Detection
B. Removing the Dangers of Open Wounds
C. Recognizing the Role of DNase in Healing
D. Challenges in Wound Care and Treatment
D
Riding the bus to school could be keeping some kids out of class. Most school buses run on fuel. Those buses send out pollution, including tiny particles and gases. Bus riders get exposed to high levels of this pollution. When breathed in, it can lead to breathing problems, such as asthma (哮喘), which may keep kids home from school. But replacing the worst-polluting buses should cut down on student absences, a new study shows.
The study focused on schools that were asked to take part in a U. S. government program. The program offered schools cash back for money spent on cleaner school buses. The 2, 816 school districts in the new study all asked for the money. But not all got it. Only 383 were picked to receive funding. Winning districts could buy new buses and desert old ones.
The program started in 2012. From 2012 to 2017, the winning districts very likely had less bus pollution. And a year after getting new buses, student attendance had improved in those districts. For an average district of 10, 000 students, about six more students attended school each day in the winning districts. Districts that replaced the oldest buses had an average of 45 more students in school each day.
Those numbers may sound small but they can add up, says Meredith Pedde, an environmental epidemiologist (流行病学家). Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old, her team figures. Replacing all of those old buses could mean 1.3 million fewer student absences each year, the data suggest. And school attendance matters for student achievement.
Now the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a new program for school buses. It’s offering $5 billion through 2026 to replace old fuel buses with cleaner ones. Almost all U. S. school districts can apply for the new rebates. But schools in low-income areas and in rural areas will get priority. Kids in these areas tend to face the most health risks from old buses, EPA notes. And anything that cuts air pollution, Pedde says, should improve student health.
12. What is the primary reason why riding the bus to school might lead to student absences
A. Serious fuel shortage for school buses.
B. Lack of available seats on school buses.
C. High risk of disease spreading in a bus.
D. High levels of pollution from school buses.
13. What does Meredith Pedde suggest about the impact of replacing old buses
A. It increases health risks for students.
B. It is a costly and ineffective measure.
C. It helps to improve student attendances.
D. It has no significant effect on absences.
14. What does the underline word “rebates” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to
A. Financial aids.
B. School posts.
C. Health benefits.
D. Public resources.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To describe the potential risk of school buses.
B. To talk about the use of cleaner school buses.
C. To discuss the importance of decreasing absence.
D. To call on the government to improve school buses.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Since the per-historic times, man has had an urge to satisfy his needs. Be it hunger or shelter, he has always controlled the conditions to the best of his advantages. ___16___ As we climbed the steps of evolution (进化), we somehow left behind common sense and logical thinking — we forgot that we have stopped thinking ahead of times.
If you are hungry, what do you do Grab a piece of your favorite meal and stay quiet after that Just like your stomach, your mind is hungry. But it never lets you know, because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover, your favorite star and many such silly things. ___17___ When mind looses its freedom to grow, creativity gets a full stop.
___18___ Now why reading and not watching TV Because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from the childhood. Just like that to develop other aspects of our life we have to turn to reading. Once you read a book, you just don’t run your eyes through the lines, but even your mind decodes (解读) it and explains it to you. The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed. ___19___ It, if used many times, can help you link and relate a lot of things, of which you would have never thought!
Actually, I had a problem in speaking English fluently, but as I read, I could improve significantly. I am still on the path of improvement to quench (止住) my thirst for satisfaction. So join me and give food for your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading. ___20___
A. This is nothing but creativity.
B. Go, grab a book, and let me know.
C. So it silently begins to focus on your needs and never lets itself grow.
D. Hunger of the mind can be actually satisfied through extensive reading.
E. You have numerous books which will answer all your “How to ” questions.
F. Now this seed is unknowingly used by you in your future to develop new ideas.
G. This might be the reason why we humans are the most developed of all living species.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Aiden asked me to accompany him on a camping trip, I pictured a wooden cabin with a fireplace. Imagine how my ___21___ image of camping became a nightmare (噩梦) when Aiden and his brother, Lebron, ___22___ with a truck filled with camping supplies! I did pack a backpack, as instructed, but I had no idea we were going on ___23___ training!
Lebron, ever so ___24___, hurried me to get in so we could leave the noisy city behind us. Ahead, the mountains came into view bigger; the trees were ___25___. At least the weather was ___26___ — cotton candy clouds dotted the deep blue sky.
At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking ___27___. The first part of the trail (小路) looked more like a wooded road. ___28___, the path became narrower and steeper, ___29___ me to focus on the task at hand. Finally, we reached the top. My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟). “No time to _____30_____,” Lebron said, looking up at the _____31_____. “We need to set up camp.”
Lebron and Aiden worked _____32_____, while I stood around and pretended to _____33_____, thunder rumbling in the distance. Each time lightning lit up the tent, I drew back with fear. And just as _____34_____ as the storm came rushing in, it died down, allowing us to exit the tent. The _____35_____ was superb — I could see for miles.
21.
A. dangerous B. boring C. comfortable D. embarrassing
22.
A. set off B. showed up C. showed off D. caught up
23.
A. survival B. meaningful C. demanding D. fascinating
24.
A. busy B. efficient C. patient D. considerate
25.
A larger B. greener C. clearer D. older
26.
A. acceptable B. adaptable C. challenging D. amazing
27.
A. rules B. adventures C. trails D. lovers
28.
A. Now B. Once C. Thus D. Soon
29.
A. leading B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging
30.
A. cry B. rest C. celebrate D. escape
31
A. mountain B. partner C. sky D. pack
32.
A. expertly B. unwillingly C. eagerly D. nervously
33.
A. complain B. relax C. learn D. help
34.
A. strangely B. constantly C. quickly D. quietly
35.
A camping B. rain C. view D. experience
第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every time Oksana Chusovitina competes in a gymnastics event, she arrests the spotlight. The Hangzhou Asian Games proved no___36___(except). When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast appeared on the scene, thousands of viewers cheered for “Qiu Ma”, ___37___ translates into “Mother Chusovitina”.
After completing her vault (跳马), Chusovitina blew a kiss to the audience, ___38___ (form) a “heart” gesture with her hands. “It is the love and support of the people ___39___keep me going and give me the strength to achieve more,” Chusovitina said.
“I am not very satisfied with my performance tonight,” she added. Chusovitina has___40___ storied history at the Asian Games, having won eight medals. This year, she is targeting a medal in the vault. “I___41___(increase) the difficulty in the final,” she shared.
When her son was diagnosed with leukemia (白血病) in 2002, Chusovitina adopted German___42___(citizen) to compete at global events for a higher income. Her heartfelt affection, “I dare not grow old until you are well,” has resonated (共鸣) with many. After her son’s recovery, she continued her gymnastics journey out of love___43___the sport. Though she announced her retirement after the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, she decided to return___44___ (short) after.
“The___45___(big) motivation is my desire. I’m just doing what I love, so why should I stop ” Chusovitina said.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你作为杭州亚运会的一名志愿者代表，需要在亚运会组委会安排的工作总结会上发言，请拟一份英语发言稿。内容包括：
1. 表示感谢；
2. 回顾与分享；
3. 临别祝愿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a kid in Pennsylvania, my family rehabilitated (使康复) wild animals.
I grew up with animals running around the house. We would go travelling to Bermuda and I would watch the whales off the shore. I fell in love with them and wanted to know more about what they got up to underwater. Now I've been studying whales for more than30 years and I am the president of the Center for Whale Research and Conservation.
In 2017, I was on a boat around Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, working on a film about whale conservation. The crew wanted to get more footage of me in the water with the humpback whales — I often slip in quietly to record their behaviour for research. Seeing a couple of humpbacks in the distance, I slid off the boat wearing a mask and swam towards them.
As I was approaching, one of the male humpbacks came right up to me, touching me with his head and pushing me through the water. It caught me off-guard — in 33 years of doing this work, this had never happened. I put my arm out and tried to push myself away while he attempted to roll up me under his pectoral fin (胸鳍).
My scientist brain was in overdrive as I tried to work out what he was doing. I felt a mixed sense of excitement and fear. Then the whale swam underneath me and lifted me out of the water on his fin. I signaled to the boat, then — swoosh — I was pushed back under.
After minutes of being pushed around by the humpback, I saw what I thought was a second, smaller whale. But then I noticed the tail — whales move theirs up and down, and this one was moving side to side. I realized with horror that it belonged to a huge, 18-foot tiger shark. Tiger sharks are known to attack people, sometimes fatally (致命地).
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The shark had arched its body, which meant that it was in attack mode.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just over a year later, I was on a boat in the same area when I heard of a whale sighting in the harbour.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________肇庆市2024届高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测
英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的信息填写清楚、准确，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码粘贴处。
2. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
3. 答题时请按要求用笔，保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不得使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。考试结束后，请将本试题及答题卡交回。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do not miss this unique opportunity to participate in Circle U. ’s winter course at Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin with co-students from nine universities across Europe!
Key Information
● Dates:24-28 November plus five additional online sessions
● Level/target group:Students from all fields of study
●Costs:School fees are free of charge. Participants will receive support for their travel, accommodation and living costs.
● Application deadline:28 November, 2023
How to Apply
Applications are accepted through the Move On website. Along with the application form, please submit your CV and motivation letter, your transcript of records as well as proof of enrollment(注册)at one of the Circle U. universities.
*By 2 October,all applicants will be informed by email about the results of the selection procedure.
Course Description
No matter whether you study art history, agricultural sciences, or something else altogether,the winter school“Climate Change &Policy:How to Transition to a Post-Carbon Future” is for you. Over the course of two weeks—five days of online sessions and five in person—you will take part in interactive lectures, workshops, and panel discussions, all led by famous researchers and policy experts from across Europe.
●Together with Circle U. students, you will not only learn about basic concepts of climate science,but also discover the potential of mitigation(缓解)actions,as well as the dynamics of climate politics.
●In small teams, you will analyze and document examples of the climate impact on your home region, and research sustainability policies at your university.
1. What do we know about the winter course
A. It will last more than two weeks.
B. No school fees are required for it.
C. No limitation is set on application.
D. It's open to students of certain majors.
2. Which of the following should be contained in the application materials
A. Certificate of enrollment.
B. A self-introduction letter.
C. Records of previous activities.
D. School permission documents.
3. What can participants acquire through the course
A. Knowledge about climate trend.
B. Recognition of related course credit.
C. Insights into basics of climate science.
D. Ways of responding to climate policies.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了柏林洪堡大学的冬季课程。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Key Information中“●Costs:School fees are free of charge. Participants will receive support for their travel, accommodation and living costs.（●费用:学费全免。参加者将获得旅费、住宿费和生活费的资助。）”可知，冬季课程不需要学费。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to Apply中“Along with the application form, please submit your CV and motivation letter, your transcript of records as well as proof of enrollment(注册)at one of the Circle U. universities.（在提交申请表的同时，请提交您的简历和动机信，您的成绩单以及Circle U
大学之一的入学证明。）”可知，入学证明应该包含在申请材料中。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Course Description中“●Together with Circle U. students, you will not only learn about basic concepts of climate science, but also discover the potential of mitigation(缓解)actions, as well as the dynamics of climate politics.（与Circle U的学生一起，你不仅会学到气候科学的基本概念，还会发现减缓行动的潜力，以及气候政治的动态。）”可知，参与者通过课程获得深入了解气候科学的基础知识。故选C。
B
“You’re fired!”
Andrew wasn’t joking. At that moment, the high school junior wanted his personal care attendant, Christy, out of his life forever. He didn’t want her to tell him that he didn’t need help using the computer and he could write his own term papers. Enough already.
“You’re fired!” He said it again for extra emphasis. Christy didn’t draw back. She needed this job. Hurricane Katrina had damaged her house. But the retired PE teacher wasn’t discouraged. “I’m a tough nut, ”she says today. “You know, I’ve taught middle schools.”
When Andrew was diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome (阿斯伯格综合征), at age eight, people told his mom, Cindy, to “get him on the list” for an attendant to provide after- school care. However, it was eight years before they were matched with Christy. Meanwhile, Andrew’s family did their best to shelter him from life’s hardships. “I worried about him,” Cindy says. “I tended to handle a lot.”
There was a lot to worry about. Could Andrew graduate from high school Live independently Cindy would do anything for her son. Christy saw the problem right away. “Andrew wouldn’t take a step without his mother’s permission,” Christy remembers. “You have to let him fail,” she told the family. “It’s the only way he’s going to learn. To be able to do things on his own.”
No longer would Cindy write Andrew’s papers for him. Christy wouldn’t be helping him with homework either. He complained. Loudly at times. But then things began to change. Andrew would come home from school and start on his homework. He saw that Christy really was there for him. She wouldn’t do his papers for him. But she showed him how to get organized. Once his work was done, Christy offered freedom. She’d take him out to eat his favorite food, sushi.
One step at a time, Andrew gained independence. He graduated from high school and entered college. Last spring Andrew moved into his own apartment. At 25, he says life has never been better.
4. What might lead to Andrew’s desire to fire Christy
A. His tiredness of learning.
B. His being rid of dependence.
C. Her longing for others’ respect.
D. Her prejudice on unhealthy people.
5. What was Cristy’s first response to Andrew’s threat
A. She felt huge pressure.
B. She begged to stay
C. She reflected deeply.
D. She stayed calm.
6 What can we infer about the purpose of Christy’s insisting on her approach
A. To relieve the mother’s concerns.
B. To improve Andrew’s confidence.
C. To remove Andrew’s rooted habits.
D. To cure Andrew’s existing disease.
7. Which of the following best describes Christy as a care attendant
A Demanding but patient.
B. Serious and outgoing.
C. Caring and energetic.
D. Stubborn but cautious.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯蒂帮助阿斯伯格综合症患者安德鲁康复并且过上正常人生活的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“At that moment, the high school junior wanted his personal care attendant, Christy, out of his life forever. He didn’t want her to tell him that he didn’t need help using the computer and he could write his own term papers. Enough already.(在那一刻，这位高中三年级学生希望他的私人护理人员克里斯蒂永远离开他的生活。他不想让她告诉他他不需要电脑的帮助，以及他可以自己写论文。受够了)”推知，Andrew想要解雇Christy是因为她不让他依靠他人或工具。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Christy didn’t draw back. She needed this job. Hurricane Katrina had damaged her house. But the retired PE teacher wasn’t discouraged. “I’m a tough nut, ”she says today. “You know, I’ve taught middle schools.”(Christy没有退缩。她需要这份工作。卡特里娜飓风毁坏了她的房子。但这位退休的体育老师并没有气馁。“我可不好对付，”她今天说。“你知道，我教过中学。”)”推知，面对Andrew的威胁，Christy很冷静。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Cindy would do anything for her son. Christy saw the problem right away.(辛迪愿意为她儿子做任何事。克里斯蒂马上就发现了问题所在)”，““You have to let him fail,” she told the family. “It’s the only way he’s going to learn. To be able to do things on his own.”(“你们必须让他失败，”她对家人说。“这是他学习的唯一途径。能够自己做事情。”)”和倒数第二段的“Christy wouldn’t be helping him with homework either. He complained. Loudly at times. But then things began to change. Andrew would come home from school and start on his homework. He saw that Christy really was there for him. She wouldn’t do his papers for him. But she showed him how to get organized. Once his work was done, Christy offered freedom. She’d take him out to eat his favorite food, sushi.(Christy也不会帮他做作业。他抱怨道。有时很大声。但随后情况开始发生变化。Andrew放学回家后就开始做作业。他看到Christy真的在他身边。她不肯帮他写文件。但她教他如何组织起来。一旦他的作业完成，Christy就会给他自由。她会带他出去吃他最喜欢的食物，寿司)”推知，Christy坚持自己的方法是为了改掉Andrew一些根深蒂固的坏习惯。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Christy wouldn’t be helping him with homework either. He complained. Loudly at times. But then things began to change. Andrew would come home from school and start on his homework. He saw that Christy really was there for him. She wouldn’t do his papers for him. But she showed him how to get organized. Once his work was done, Christy offered freedom. She’d take him out to eat his favorite food, sushi. (Christy也不会帮他做作业。他抱怨道。有时很大声。但随后情况开始发生变化。Andrew放学回家后就开始做作业。他看到Christy真的在他身边。她不肯帮他写文件。但她教他如何组织起来。但她教他如何组织起来。一旦他的作业完成，Christy就会给他自由。她会带他出去吃他最喜欢的食物，寿司)”和最后一段的“One step at a time, Andrew gained independence. He graduated from high school and entered college.(一步步地，安德鲁获得了独立。他高中毕业进入大学)”可知，Christy要求Andrew自己做事情，从来不帮他，但会给他指导，并在Andrew完成任务时给与奖励，从Andrew16岁开始一直到高中毕业，Christy一直教育并陪伴着他，给他指导，由此推知Christy是一个严厉但耐心的人。故选A。
C
Healthy human skin is covered with bacteria (细菌) that are quick to settle in an open wound. To prevent these organisms from spreading through the body, which can permanently injure or kill a person, the infected wound may need to be cleaned and treated with antibiotics. Medical professionals typically identify infections by unwrapping and observing a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and conducting a laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow down the healing process. Plus, observations are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.
To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit under bandages and continuously monitor indirect signs of infection, such as changes in wound temperature or acidity. And scientists at the National University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.
This sensor can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because disease-causing bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so testing for the substance reduces the chance of a false positive result. Furthermore, DNase builds up before other infection signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW) sensor, was detailed in Science Advances.
WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely on a material called DNAgel. There searchers developed a particular kind of DNAgel that remains stable in watery environments, such as the human body, but begins to break down in the presence of DNase. They connected this gel (凝胶) to a chip that senses when the gel responds by sending a signal to a smartphone.
Thus far the team has exposed the DNAgel to wound swabs from 18 people’s wounds to see how much the material degraded in the presence of the bacteria. There searchers also used the device on six living lab mice whose wounds were exposed to the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infections.
8. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The harm of common wounds.
B. The treatment of infected wounds.
C. The intervention on wound healing.
D. The dilemma of infection observation.
9. How does the WINDOW sensor detect infections
A. By comparing wound acidity.
B. By detecting the DNase enzyme.
C. By measuring the bacteria amount.
D. By observing changes in wound color.
10. What can we expect of the WINDOW sensor in the future
A. It will cut down the length of infection-treating.
B. It could reduce the cost of infection observation.
C. It can monitor wounds continuously and remotely.
D. It might help conduct laboratory tests on wounds.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Innovations in Wound Infection Detection
B. Removing the Dangers of Open Wounds
C. Recognizing the Role of DNase in Healing
D. Challenges in Wound Care and Treatment
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能够检测识别伤口感染的新设备。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Medical professionals typically identify infections by unwrapping and observing a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭)it and conducting a laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow down the healing process. Plus, observations are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.”（医疗专业人员通常通过打开和观察伤口或通过擦拭伤口并进行实验室测试来识别感染。但是去除伤口敷料会减缓愈合过程；此外，观察是主观的，而棉签测试需要时间，并且需要患者亲自到场。）可知，第一段主要表达了医疗人员所用的观察识别感染的方法，在实施过程中还是有一定困难和弊端的，可见是处于困境中。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because disease-causing bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so testing for the substance reduces the chance of a false positive result.”（这种酶是一种可靠的感染指标，因为伤口内的致病细菌会大量产生这种酶，而健康皮肤上的细菌则不会，因此检测这种物质可以减少假阳性结果的可能性。）和“The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW) sensor, was detailed in Science Advances.”（这种新的警报系统被称为“伤口无线感染检测”(WINDOW)传感器，详细内容发表在《科学进展》杂志上。）可知，WINDOW是通过检测DNase酶来检测感染的。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“They connected this gel(凝胶)to a chip that senses when the gel responds by sending a signal to a smartphone.”（他们将这种凝胶连接到一个芯片上，该芯片通过向智能手机发送信号来感知凝胶的反应。）可知，在未来，WINDOW感应器可以通过智能手机来持续地进行远程监控伤口情况。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit under bandages and continuously monitor indirect signs of infection, ”（为了解决这些问题，一些研究团队正在开发一种设备，这种设备可以放在绷带下，持续监测感染的间接迹象）和“And scientists at the National University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.”（新加坡国立大学的科学家们现在发明了一种更直接的感染传感器。）以及下文对这种设备的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了一种检测伤口感染的新的设备，是伤口感染检测的创新。所以用A项“Innovations in Wound Infection Detection”作为本文的标题与文章主题相符合。故选A。
D
Riding the bus to school could be keeping some kids out of class. Most school buses run on fuel. Those buses send out pollution, including tiny particles and gases. Bus riders get exposed to high levels of this pollution. When breathed in, it can lead to breathing problems, such as asthma (哮喘), which may keep kids home from school. But replacing the worst-polluting buses should cut down on student absences, a new study shows.
The study focused on schools that were asked to take part in a U. S. government program. The program offered schools cash back for money spent on cleaner school buses. The 2, 816 school districts in the new study all asked for the money. But not all got it. Only 383 were picked to receive funding. Winning districts could buy new buses and desert old ones.
The program started in 2012. From 2012 to 2017, the winning districts very likely had less bus pollution. And a year after getting new buses, student attendance had improved in those districts. For an average district of 10, 000 students, about six more students attended school each day in the winning districts. Districts that replaced the oldest buses had an average of 45 more students in school each day.
Those numbers may sound small, but they can add up, says Meredith Pedde, an environmental epidemiologist (流行病学家). Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old, her team figures. Replacing all of those old buses could mean 1.3 million fewer student absences each year, the data suggest. And school attendance matters for student achievement.
Now the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a new program for school buses. It’s offering $5 billion through 2026 to replace old fuel buses with cleaner ones. Almost all U. S. school districts can apply for the new rebates. But schools in low-income areas and in rural areas will get priority. Kids in these areas tend to face the most health risks from old buses, EPA notes. And anything that cuts air pollution, Pedde says, should improve student health.
12. What is the primary reason why riding the bus to school might lead to student absences
A. Serious fuel shortage for school buses.
B. Lack of available seats on school buses.
C. High risk of disease spreading in a bus.
D. High levels of pollution from school buses.
13. What does Meredith Pedde suggest about the impact of replacing old buses
A. It increases health risks for students.
B. It is a costly and ineffective measure.
C. It helps to improve student attendances.
D. It has no significant effect on absences.
14. What does the underline word “rebates” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to
A. Financial aids.
B. School posts.
C. Health benefits.
D. Public resources.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To describe the potential risk of school buses.
B. To talk about the use of cleaner school buses.
C. To discuss the importance of decreasing absence.
D. To call on the government to improve school buses.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了燃油校车因为污染问题，影响学生的健康，从而降低去学校的出勤率。但一项新的研究表明，更换污染最严重的校车应该会减少学生的缺勤。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Bus riders get exposed to high levels of this pollution. When breathed in, it can lead to breathing problems, such as asthma (哮喘), which may keep kids home from school. (校车乘客暴露在高水平的这种污染中。当被吸入时，它会导致呼吸问题，比如哮喘，这可能会让孩子们不能上学)”可知，坐校车上学可能导致学生缺课的主要原因是这些校车污染严重，会引发孩子的健康问题。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Replacing all of those old buses could mean 1.3 million fewer student absences each year, the data suggest. And school attendance matters for student achievement. (更换所有这些旧校车可能意味着每年减少130万学生缺课。出勤率对学生的成绩很重要)”可知，Meredith Pedd认为更换旧校车可提高学生的出勤率。故选C。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段划线词前“It’s offering $5 billion through 2026 to replace old fuel buses with cleaner ones. (到2026年，政府将提供50亿美元用更清洁的公交车取代旧的燃油公交车)”后“But schools in low-income areas and in rural areas will get priority. (但低收入地区和农村地区的学校将得到优先考虑)”可知，划线词rebates和“钱”相关，所以指的是Financial aids。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了更清洁的校车取代旧的燃油校车，去改善学生健康，提高学校出勤率。由此推知，这篇文章的目的是谈论使用更清洁的校车。故选B。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Since the per-historic times, man has had an urge to satisfy his needs. Be it hunger or shelter, he has always controlled the conditions to the best of his advantages. ___16___ As we climbed the steps of evolution (进化), we somehow left behind common sense and logical thinking — we forgot that we have stopped thinking ahead of times.
If you are hungry, what do you do Grab a piece of your favorite meal and stay quiet after that Just like your stomach, your mind is hungry. But it never lets you know, because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover, your favorite star and many such silly things. ___17___ When mind looses its freedom to grow, creativity gets a full stop.
___18___ Now why reading and not watching TV Because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from the childhood. Just like that to develop other aspects of our life, we have to turn to reading. Once you read a book, you just don’t run your eyes through the lines, but even your mind decodes (解读) it and explains it to you. The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed. ___19___ It, if used many times, can help you link and relate a lot of things, of which you would have never thought!
Actually, I had a problem in speaking English fluently, but as I read, I could improve significantly. I am still on the path of improvement to quench (止住) my thirst for satisfaction. So join me and give food for your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading. ___20___
A. This is nothing but creativity.
B. Go, grab a book, and let me know.
C. So it silently begins to focus on your needs and never lets itself grow.
D. Hunger of the mind can be actually satisfied through extensive reading.
E. You have numerous books which will answer all your “How to ” questions.
F. Now this seed is unknowingly used by you in your future to develop new ideas.
G. This might be the reason why we humans are the most developed of all living species.
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇议论文。作者通过解释和比较的方法来介绍大脑同胃一样也需要“营养”，阐述阅读带来的好处并号召人们应该不断阅读以丰富自我。
【16题详解】
上文“Since the per-historic times, man has had an urge to satisfy his needs. Be it hunger or shelter, he has always controlled the conditions to the best of his advantages. (自史前时代以来，人类就有一种满足自己需求的冲动。无论是饥饿还是栖身之所，他总能把环境控制到自己最有利的程度。)”指出人类自史前以来就有一种满足自己需求的冲动，总能使环境对自己有利；G选项“This might be the reason why we humans are the most developed of all living species.(这可能就是为什么我们人类是所有现存物种中最发达的。)”承接上文，指出人类总能把环境控制到自己最有利的程度可能是人类是所有现存物种中最发达的原因，选项中的“This”指代上文“he has always controlled the conditions to the best of his advantages”；由此可知，G选项符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
上文“Just like your stomach, your mind is hungry. But it never lets you know, because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover, your favorite star and many such silly things.(就像你的胃一样，你的大脑也很饿。但它永远不会让你知道，因为你让它忙着想着你的梦中情人，你最喜欢的明星和许多这样愚蠢的事情。)”指出你的大脑像胃一样也会饿，但是因为想着许多荒谬的事情，大脑所需的“营养”无法得到满足，你也不知道自己的思想是贫乏的；C选项“So it silently begins to focus on your needs and never lets itself grow.(所以它开始默默地关注你的需求，不让自己成长。)”与上文构成因果关系，指出大脑因为想着许多愚蠢的东西，使思想无法得到发展，结果使得思想贫乏而不自知；下文“When mind looses its freedom to grow, creativity gets a full stop.(当思维失去成长的自由时，创造力就戛然而止。)”承接C选项，指出当大脑思维失去“营养”无法得到成长时，就会失去创造力，文中的“mind looses its freedom to grow”与选项中的“never lets itself grow”表达的意思一致。故选C。
【18题详解】
上一段主要阐述了大脑饥饿、思想贫乏会产生的不好的结果；由下文“Now why reading and not watching TV Because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from the childhood. Just like that to develop other aspects of our life, we have to turn to reading. Once you read a book, you just don’t run your eyes through the lines, but even your mind decodes (解读) it and explains it to you. The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed.(为什么是阅读而不是看电视呢？因为从孩提时代起，阅读就是我们最具教育意义的工具。就像要发展我们生活的其他方面一样，我们必须求助于阅读。一旦你读了一本书，你不只是用眼睛浏览字里行间，甚至你的大脑也会解码并解释给你听。书中有趣的部分就像种子一样储存在你的脑海里。)”可知本段中作者建议通过阅读填补思想上的饥饿，并详细阐述了广泛的阅读的益处；D选项“Hunger of the mind can be actually satisfied through extensive reading.(思想的饥饿实际上可以通过广泛的阅读来满足。)”指出思想的饥饿实际上可以通过广泛的阅读来解决，符合本段主旨，选项中的“extensive reading”与下文中的“reading”相照应。故选D。
【19题详解】
上文“The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed. (书中有趣的部分就像种子一样储存在你的脑海里。)”指出书中有趣的部分就像种子一样储存在你的脑海里；F选项“Now this seed is unknowingly used by you in your future to develop new ideas.(现在，这颗种子不知不觉地被你在未来用来发展新的想法。)”承接上文，指出书中有趣的部分就像种子一样储存在脑海里之后，就会不知不觉被用来发展新的想法，选项中的“this seed”指代上文中的“a seed”，即“The interesting part of the book”；由此可知，F选项符合语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
上文“So join me and give food for your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading. (所以加入我，通过阅读，阅读，再阅读来充实你的思想。)”作者呼吁读者通过阅读来充实思想；B选项“Go, grab a book, and let me know.(现在就拿起一本书让我瞧瞧！)”号召读者拿起书来阅读，符合语境。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Aiden asked me to accompany him on a camping trip, I pictured a wooden cabin with a fireplace. Imagine how my ___21___ image of camping became a nightmare (噩梦) when Aiden and his brother, Lebron, ___22___ with a truck filled with camping supplies! I did pack a backpack, as instructed, but I had no idea we were going on ___23___ training!
Lebron, ever so ___24___, hurried me to get in so we could leave the noisy city behind us. Ahead, the mountains came into view bigger; the trees were ___25___. At least the weather was ___26___ — cotton candy clouds dotted the deep blue sky.
At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking ___27___. The first part of the trail (小路) looked more like a wooded road. ___28___, the path became narrower and steeper, ___29___ me to focus on the task at hand. Finally, we reached the top. My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟). “No time to _____30_____,” Lebron said, looking up at the _____31_____. “We need to set up camp.”
Lebron and Aiden worked _____32_____, while I stood around and pretended to _____33_____, thunder rumbling in the distance. Each time lightning lit up the tent, I drew back with fear. And just as _____34_____ as the storm came rushing in, it died down, allowing us to exit the tent. The _____35_____ was superb — I could see for miles.
21.
A. dangerous B. boring C. comfortable D. embarrassing
22.
A. set off B. showed up C. showed off D. caught up
23.
A. survival B. meaningful C. demanding D. fascinating
24.
A. busy B. efficient C. patient D. considerate
25.
A. larger B. greener C. clearer D. older
26.
A. acceptable B. adaptable C. challenging D. amazing
27.
A. rules B. adventures C. trails D. lovers
28.
A. Now B. Once C. Thus D. Soon
29.
A. leading B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging
30.
A. cry B. rest C. celebrate D. escape
31.
A. mountain B. partner C. sky D. pack
32.
A. expertly B. unwillingly C. eagerly D. nervously
33.
A. complain B. relax C. learn D. help
34.
A. strangely B. constantly C. quickly D. quietly
35.
A camping B. rain C. view D. experience
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者本来以为要和朋友一起去舒适的露营，结果却被拉去经历一次野外生存训练，虽然经历了很多困难，但是山顶的风景很美．
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，当Aiden和他的兄弟Lebron开着一辆装满露营用品的卡车出现时，我对露营的舒适印象变成了一场噩梦！A. dangerous危险的；B. boring乏味的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据上文“When Aiden asked me to accompany him on a camping trip, I pictured a wooden cabin with a fireplace.”可知，当Aiden邀请作者陪他去露营时，作者脑海里浮现出一间带壁炉的木屋场景，由此可知，作者一开始认为这会是一次非常舒服的露营。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：想象一下，当Aiden和他的兄弟Lebron开着一辆装满露营用品的卡车出现时，我对露营的舒适印象变成了一场噩梦！A. set off动身；B. showed up出现；C. showed off炫耀；D. caught up赶上。根据空后的“with a truck filled with camping supplies”可知，Aiden和他的兄弟Lebron带着一辆装满野营用品的卡车出现在了作者的面前，这时作者知道这不是他之前所想象的那么舒适的露营。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我确实按照指示带上了背包，但我不知道我们要去进行生存训练！A. survival幸存的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. demanding费时费力的；D. fascinating极有吸引力的。根据下文“At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking ___7___.”以及“the path became narrower and steeper, ___9___ me to focus on the task at hand. Finally, we reached the top. Mylegs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟).”可知，作者和朋友要去的不是舒适的露营，而是徒步登山，一次难度大的野外生存训练。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lebron总是那么有效率，他催促我上车，这样我们就可以离开喧嚣的城市了。A. busy繁忙的；B. efficient效率高的；C. patient有耐心的；D. considerate考虑周到的。根据空后的“hurried me to get in so we could leave the noisy city behind us.”以及下文“At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking ___7___.”可知，Lebron做事效率较高，能力强。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前方群山映入眼帘；树更大了。A. larger更大的；B. greener更绿的；C. clearer更清楚的；D. older更老的。根据上文“Ahead, the mountains came into view bigger”以及常识可知，作者和朋友们离山越来越近，映入眼帘的山和树看起来更大。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至少天气很好——棉花糖般的云朵点缀着深蓝色的天空。A. acceptable可接受的；B. adaptable有适应能力的；C. challenging富于挑战性的；D. amazing令人惊喜的，令人赞叹的。根据空后的“cotton candy clouds dotted the deep blue sky”可知天气非常好。amazing“令人惊喜的，令人赞叹的”符合语境。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在步道的起点，Lebron给Aiden和我讲了登山规则。A. rules规则；B. adventures冒险活动；C. trails踪迹，小径；D. lovers爱好者。根据句中的“At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking”可知，在徒步开始之前Lebron给作者和Aiden讲解了徒步登山的注意事项、规则。rules“规则”符合语境。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：很快，这条路变得更窄更陡，迫使我集中精力完成手头的任务。A. Now现在；B. Once曾经；C. Thus因此；D. Soon很快。此段描述了登山的情况，根据上文“The first part of the trail (小路) looked more like a wooded road.”以及句中的“the path became narrower and steeper”可知这条小道一开始比较好走，更像一条树木繁茂的路，但是很快，这条路变得更窄更陡。soon“很快”符合语境。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，这条路变得更窄更陡，迫使我集中精力完成手头的任务。A. leading领导；B. forcing迫使；C. allowing允许；D. encouraging鼓励。根据句中的“the path became narrower and steeper”可知，这条小路变得更窄更陡，迫使作者不得不集中注意力。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“没有时间休息，” Lebron抬头看着天空说。“我们得扎营了。” A. cry哭；B. rest休息；C. celebrate庆祝；D. escape逃跑。根据上文“My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟).”可知作者非常累，结合Lebron所说的话“We need to set up camp.”可知，他们必须要扎营，没有时间休息。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“没有时间休息，” Lebron抬头看着天空说。“我们得扎营了。” A. mountain山；B. partner搭档；C. sky天空；D. pack包，包裹。根据句中“looking up at”以及下文“thunder rumbling in the distance”和“And just as ___14___ as the storm came rushing in”可知，Lebron抬头看着天空发现暴雨要来，因此他没有让大家休息，而是马上扎营。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Lebron和Aiden熟练地工作，而我站在旁边假装帮忙，远处雷声隆隆。A. expertly熟练地；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. eagerly急切地；D. nervously紧张不安地。根据上文“At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking ___7___.”可知。Lebron具有丰富的野外生活经验，结合句中的“while I stood around and pretended to ___13___”可知，作者没有搭帐篷的经验，而Lebron和Aiden与作者形成鲜明的对比，他们经验丰富、很熟练地搭帐篷。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lebron和Aiden熟练地工作，而我站在旁边假装帮忙，远处雷声隆隆。A. complain抱怨，投诉；B. relax放松；C. learn学习；D. help帮助。Lebron和Aiden熟练地工作，而我站在旁边假装帮忙，远处雷声隆隆。根据空前“while I stood around and pretended to”可知，在Lebron和Aiden熟练地搭帐篷，而作者由于没有经验，只能站在旁边假装帮着搭帐篷。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨来的快去的也快，我们得以离开帐篷。A. strangely奇怪地；B. constantly不断地；C. quickly快速地；D. quietly安静地。根据句中的“as the storm came rushing in”可知暴风雨来的很快，句中为as…as结构，由此可知，此句指暴风雨结束和来时一样快，即暴风雨来的快去的也快。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：景色美极了——我能看到几英里远。A. camping露营；B. rain雨；C. view(从某处看到的)景色，视野；D. experience经历，经验。根据上文“Finally, we reached the top.”以及空后“I could see for miles”可知，作者登上山顶，雨后视野非常开阔，景色非常好。故选C。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every time Oksana Chusovitina competes in a gymnastics event, she arrests the spotlight. The Hangzhou Asian Games proved no___36___(except). When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast appeared on the scene, thousands of viewers cheered for “Qiu Ma”, ___37___ translates into “Mother Chusovitina”.
After completing her vault (跳马), Chusovitina blew a kiss to the audience, ___38___ (form) a “heart” gesture with her hands. “It is the love and support of the people ___39___keep me going and give me the strength to achieve more,” Chusovitina said.
“I am not very satisfied with my performance tonight,” she added. Chusovitina has___40___ storied history at the Asian Games, having won eight medals. This year, she is targeting a medal in the vault. “I___41___(increase) the difficulty in the final,” she shared.
When her son was diagnosed with leukemia (白血病) in 2002, Chusovitina adopted German___42___(citizen) to compete at global events for a higher income. Her heartfelt affection, “I dare not grow old until you are well,” has resonated (共鸣) with many. After her son’s recovery, she continued her gymnastics journey out of love___43___the sport. Though she announced her retirement after the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, she decided to return___44___ (short) after.
“The___45___(big) motivation is my desire. I’m just doing what I love, so why should I stop ” Chusovitina said.
【答案】36. exception
37. which 38. forming
39. that 40. a
41. will increase
42. citizenship
43. for 44. shortly
45. biggest
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。杭州亚运会上48岁的乌兹别克体操运动员丘索维金娜获得了不俗的战绩，文章对此进行了报道。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：杭州亚运会也不例外。此处作表语，应用名词exception表示“例外”。故填exception。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当这位48岁的乌兹别克体操运动员出现在现场时，成千上万的观众为“丘索维金娜妈妈”欢呼。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Qiu Ma，一个名字，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：完成跳马后，丘索维金娜向观众飞吻，双手做出“心形”手势。动词form意为“形成”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填forming。
【39题详解】
考查强调句。句意：丘索维金娜说：“是人们的爱和支持让我继续前进，给了我取得更多成就的力量。”去掉it is和空格后句子完整，所以此处为强调句句式，即“it be+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”，被强调部分为“the love and support of the people”，所以空格处应用that。故填that。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：丘索维金娜在亚运会上有着传奇的历史，赢得了8枚奖牌。history意为“历史”，为可数名词，此处storied history为第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词，表示泛指，storied以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：“我会在决赛中增加难度，”她分享道。根据前文“she is targeting a medal in the vault(她的目标是在跳马项目上获得奖牌)”和“in the final”可知，此处应用一般将来时。故填will increase。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：2002年，当她的儿子被诊断出患有白血病时，丘索维金娜获得了德国国籍，以便参加国际赛事，以获得更高的收入。根据“adopted German”可知，此处是指获得德国国籍，所以应用名词citizenship表示“国籍”作宾语。故填citizenship。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：儿子康复后，出于对这项运动的热爱，她继续了她的体操之旅。固定搭配out of love for意为“出于对……的热爱”，此处应用介词for。故填for。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然她在2021年东京奥运会后宣布退役，但她很快就决定复出。固定搭配shortly after意为“不久之后”，所以此处应用副词shortly。故填shortly。
【45题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：最大的动力是我的愿望。此处是指三个或三个以上的比较，所以应用形容词最高级biggest表示“最大的”，作定语。故填biggest。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你作为杭州亚运会的一名志愿者代表，需要在亚运会组委会安排的工作总结会上发言，请拟一份英语发言稿。内容包括：
1. 表示感谢；
2. 回顾与分享；
3. 临别祝愿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Ladies and gentlemen.
Good afternoon. I am Li Hua, a volunteer at the Hangzhou Asian Games. I’d like to express my heartfelt thanks to the Organizing Committee for this amazing opportunity.
Reflecting on my journey, I suppose that it has been a rewarding experience. I had the privilege of assisting athletes, welcoming spectators and working alongside dedicated volunteers. When I helped the athletes, their genuine appreciation left a lasting impression on me.
As we conclude this event, I am filled with hope. My wish is that the spirit of volunteerism and unity will continue to inspire us all and shape a brighter future.
Best wishes.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要靠考生以杭州亚运会志愿者代表的身份写一份发言稿以便在亚运会组委会安排的工作总结会上发言。发言内容包括：表示感谢；回顾与分享；临别祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
表达/传达：express→convey
献身的，一心一意的：dedicated→devoted/committed
感激：appreciation→gratitude
真诚的：heartfelt→sincere/genuine
2.句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I am Li Hua, a volunteer at the Hangzhou Asian Games.
拓展句： I am Li Hua, who worked as a volunteer at the Hangzhou Asian Games.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Reflecting on my journey, I suppose that it has been a rewarding experience. （运用了现在分词作状语，和that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】When I helped the athletes, their genuine appreciation left a lasting impression on me.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a kid in Pennsylvania, my family rehabilitated (使康复) wild animals.
I grew up with animals running around the house. We would go travelling to Bermuda and I would watch the whales off the shore. I fell in love with them and wanted to know more about what they got up to underwater. Now I've been studying whales for more than30 years and I am the president of the Center for Whale Research and Conservation.
In 2017, I was on a boat around Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, working on a film about whale conservation. The crew wanted to get more footage of me in the water with the humpback whales — I often slip in quietly to record their behaviour for research. Seeing a couple of humpbacks in the distance, I slid off the boat wearing a mask and swam towards them.
As I was approaching, one of the male humpbacks came right up to me, touching me with his head and pushing me through the water. It caught me off-guard — in 33 years of doing this work, this had never happened. I put my arm out and tried to push myself away while he attempted to roll up me under his pectoral fin (胸鳍).
My scientist brain was in overdrive as I tried to work out what he was doing. I felt a mixed sense of excitement and fear. Then the whale swam underneath me and lifted me out of the water on his fin. I signaled to the boat, then — swoosh — I was pushed back under.
After minutes of being pushed around by the humpback, I saw what I thought was a second, smaller whale. But then I noticed the tail — whales move theirs up and down, and this one was moving side to side. I realized with horror that it belonged to a huge, 18-foot tiger shark. Tiger sharks are known to attack people, sometimes fatally (致命地).
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The shark had arched its body, which meant that it was in attack mode.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just over a year later, I was on a boat in the same area when I heard of a whale sighting in the harbour.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The shark had arched its body, which meant that it was in attack mode. Panic rose and ran through me as I realized what a situation I was in. I yelled out to the boat, but before I knew it, the whale had positioned me on the front of his head and was gracefully racing through the water. It was terrifying and yet peaceful. Within minutes, the whale had safely returned me to the boat and out of the shark’s way. I felt love, concern and care from the whale. I told the whale that I loved him and thanked him as he swam off. With a mixture of relief and gratitude, I returned to the boat, my heart still pounding.
Just over a year later, I was on a boat in the same area when I heard of a whale sighting in the harbour. Memories of that astonishing encounter with the humpback whale were still vivid in my mind. I headed there and saw the whale who had protected me. I recognized him from the signs in his tail and the wounded mark on his head. I slid overboard and swam towards him; he approached and looked at me in the eye. I rubbed his face and he extended his pectoral fin. I began to cry. I swam back to the boat and he stayed around for about 20 minutes after I got back on it. It was a lovely reunion!
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是在动物在家里跑来跑去的环境中长大的。作为鲸鱼研究和保护中心的主席，作者一直很喜欢鲸鱼。2017年作者在拍摄一部关于鲸鱼保护的电影过程中，经常会进入到水中和鲸鱼游玩。一次远处有几只座头鲸，作者向它们游去。在兴奋地被一头座头鲸推来推去的几分钟后，作者惊恐地意识到一条18英尺长的巨型虎鲨在靠近。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“鲨鱼的身体呈弓形，这意味着它处于攻击状态。”可知，第一段可描写鲸鱼拯救作者的过程以及作者事后的感受。
②由第二段首句内容“就在一年多之后，我在同一地区的一艘船上，听说在港口看到了一头鲸鱼。”可知，第二段可描写作者和曾经救了自己的鲸鱼的再一次相遇。
2.续写线索：作者开始大喊求救——鲸鱼安全把作者送回船上——对鲸鱼表示感谢——一年后在同一艘船上听说看到了一头鲸鱼——作者认出是曾经救过自己的鲸鱼——作者和鲸鱼友好互动——告别
3.词汇激活
行为类
①心怦怦跳：heart pounds/beats
②接近：approach/come up to
③哭：cry/be full of tears/tears well up in one’s eye
情绪类
①令人害怕的：terrifying/frightening
②感激：gratitude/appreciation
③令人震惊的：astonishing/staggering/shocking
【点睛】[高分句型1]I told the whale that I loved him and thanked him as he swam off.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]I headed there and saw the whale who had protected me.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
