2024外研版高中英语必修第三册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This foundation was established to protect the endangered (物种)from extinction.
2. (被动的)smoking may cause various diseases including cancer, asthma and heart disease.
3.The (小溪)extends deep into the forest, making it a perfect spot for fishing.
4.It's easy to understand the t , but it's much harder to put it into practice.
5.His [/ k str d( )n( )ri/] talent for music gave him an advantage even though he had a hearing disability.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The government decided to take further measures to cure children
their addiction to online games.
2.Do you know how to keep (mental) and physically healthy in our daily life
3.When I told him our (origin) plan, he frowned, but then broke into a smile.
4.He's a greedy boy. Yesterday, instance, he ate all our biscuits!
5.The man (injure) in the car crash is being treated in hospital.
6.The moon landing was of great (significant) in the advancement of space exploration.
7.With the development of science and technology, scientists can forecast the weather (accurate).
8.The (minor) of students in the class who failed the exam will have to retake it, while the majority passed.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances
(discover) in the past few years.
2.—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing
—By all means. He (honor) as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty. (2020江苏)
3.In the last few years, great changes (take) place in my hometown, where a lot of new houses (build).
题型(二)
Have you ever heard of Uluru Actually, it 1 (call) Ayers Rock by some people, too. Located in Australia, Uluru is a large sandstone rock formation. Uluru used to be open to the public. However, it 2 (close) since October 26, 2019. In 1994, Uluru 3 (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Besides, Uluru 4 (consider) a major attraction for decades and tourists from all over the world 5 (attract) by it. It's said that the ban (禁令) 6 (announce) in 2007 for the first time and most visitors observed it. Australia's tourist association said that the rock 7 (climb) by only 16 percent of visitors since 2017.A local man named Rameth Thomas explained to the BBC how important the rock is to the people. “I 8 (tell) that the place is very sacred (神圣的) since my childhood. Our stories are all on the rock,” said Thomas.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023广东东莞市东华高级中学月考)
Nearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson's disease. While Parkinson's is incurable, some of its worst symptoms can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible neuron loss(不可逆转的神经元损失).
But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China's Zhejiang University created an “e-nose”, a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson's patients.
It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson's patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made the headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband's Parkinson's diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that could smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.
Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson's tend to produce more sebum(皮脂)than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances to produce certain, unique smells.
To track down these smells, Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs of 31 Parkinson's patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson's patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum from Parkinson's sebum.
These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose's performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson's in the U.S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.
1.What makes it difficult for Parkinson's patients to get effective treatment
A.Its medications are in short supply.
B.It involves irreversible neuron loss.
C.Its early signs are not easy to notice.
D.It's not a curable disease medically.
2.What did the Scottish nurse find
A.Her husband's body gave off a strange smell.
B.Her husband had a heightened sense of smell.
C.A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease.
D.A smell could relieve her husband's Parkinson's symptoms.
3.What will the researchers do concerning their invention
A.Put it into clinical use. B.Conduct a broader test.
C.Create more lab models. D.Expand its market outside the U.S.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.This e-nose can smell Parkinson's
B.Parkinson's patients produce more sebum
C.People living with Parkinson's are on the rise
D.Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson's
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023河南信阳期末)
Is Society Too Dependent on Technology
Just think, what would happen if your computer, iPad or laptop crashed today What if someone took away your phone for some days or perhaps you lost it 1 Today, most people are becoming dependent on technology.
Most of us cannot go for a minute without looking at our phones and the fear of the battery dying is immense(极大的). If you happen to work in offices, you may be familiar with this trend. 2 Anyway, it's true. How can work continue if it's hard to send an email to a colleague or customer This is common in almost all offices.
Kids used to spend a lot of time with each other or parents playing or just sharing stories. Those evening games after school are over; watching cartoons on a Sunday or playing with friends is no longer there. 3 Technology has taken all their time.
Society may have gone too far in technology dependence. It has become so immense that doctors have recommended people for “technology detox(脱瘾)”. 4 If not, according to researchers from Oxford University, technology detox is a period during which an individual avoids using any electronic devices including computers, smart phones, etc., as a chance to reduce stress and focus on social interaction in the outside world.
Well, the choice remains in our hands. We must agree that society is being carried away by the increased inventions being introduced in our lives today. 5 Meanwhile, we should have the discipline to turn it off when we are supposed to experience life in reality.
A.Perhaps you may have heard of it.
B.We appreciate technology since it has its benefits.
C.If the Internet is down, all the tasks are over for the day.
D.Technology addiction has become a major problem among teenagers.
E.If thinking about these incidences makes you stressed, you are not alone.
F.Here are some signs that our generation depends too much on technology.
G.Today, most kids remain indoors playing computer games or with a smart phone.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2021辽宁葫芦岛期末)
I have invented robots that crawl(爬)through pipes to check them for damage. Two of my 1 allow cars to be used as power plants on wheels. My love of building things 2 when I was a kid. It wasn't until I learned about Thomas Edison, though, that I really became excited about invention.
When I was in fourth grade, our teacher gave us a 3 . We had to write to a company and learn about the 4 it made. Each student would then give a report in front of the class. I 5 the Thomas A. Edison Company.
Soon after I wrote to the company, our mailman 6 a package to me. It contained a book about the life of Thomas Edison. How I 7 reading and rereading about his inventions! The ones that impressed me most were movies, recorded sound and the electric light. Edison became my hero.
My dad noticed my interest in invention and 8 me. He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and, finally into new things.
Together, my dad and I repaired radios and televisions. Once, I surprised my dad with a 9 I made to adjust the brakes(刹车)of our car. Later, we found a similar tool in a store. That's when I learned that 10 inventors often invent similar things. It is not 11 for this to happen. I learned, too, that not all great ideas work. 12 is a common part of the invention process.
As my father and I worked together, I began to 13 that my dad was quite an inventor himself. His guiding hands, combined with my 14 in invention, led me to become an engineer and inventor. But I am 15 to Thomas Edison, too, for first lighting that bulb(电灯泡)inside me.
1.A.approaches B.experiments
C.inventions D.conclusions
2.A.died B.began
C.faded D.won
3.A.project B.lesson
C.surprise D.present
4.A.decisions B.products
C.orders D.accounts
5.A.joined B.owned
C.started D.chose
6.A.opened B.offered
C.delivered D.lent
7.A.enjoyed B.minded
C.avoided D.hated
8.A.stopped B.blamed
C.controlled D.encouraged
9.A.tool B.promise
C.mistake D.trick
10.A.young B.different
C.great D.real
11.A.reasonable B.improper
C.practical D.unusual
12.A.Imagination B.Failure
C.Happiness D.Wealth
13.A.hope B.suggest
C.realize D.consider
14.A.honor B.difficulty
C.experience D.interest
15.A.grateful B.polite
C.related D.equal
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 3 The world of science
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.species 2.Passive 3.stream 4.theory
5.extraordinary
Ⅱ.1.of 考查介词。句意:政府决定采取进一步措施来矫正儿童对网络游戏的沉迷。cure sb. of sth.意为“治愈某人的某种疾病;矫正某人的某种不良习惯”。
2.mentally 考查副词。句意:你知道如何在日常生活中保持身心健康吗 本空和空后副词physically共同修饰形容词healthy,故应用副词形式作状语。
3.original 考查形容词。句意:当我告诉他我们最初的计划时,他皱起了眉头,但随后突然笑起来。本空修饰名词plan,应用形容词作定语。original意为“原来的;起初的”,符合语境。
4.for 考查介词。句意:他是个贪吃的男孩。例如,昨天他把我们所有的饼干都吃了。for instance例如。
5.injured 考查过去分词。句意:车祸中受伤的那个男人正在医院被治疗。分析句子可知,is being treated为本句的谓语,因此设空处为非谓语动词。 in the car crash修饰The man, 且The man与injure之间为被动关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
6.significance 考查名词。句意:登月对太空探索的发展具有重要意义。根据空前介词of和形容词great可知,本空应用名词形式。be of great significance意为“具有重大意义的”。
类比启发
be of+抽象名词=be+该名词同根的形容词。例如:be of importance=be important;be of great help=be very helpful;be of great value = be very valuable。
7.accurately 考查副词。句意:随着科学技术的发展,科学家可以准确地预测天气。本空修饰动词forecast,故应用副词作状语。
8.minority 考查名词。句意:班上少数未通过考试的学生将不得不重考,而大多数学生通过了考试。根据空前冠词The和空后介词of可知,此处应用名词形式。the minority of意为“少数……”。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.have been discovered 考查时态和语态。句意:在高科技的帮助下,在过去的几年中发现了越来越多的新物质。根据时间状语in the past few years可知应用现在完成时,且more and more new substances与discover之间为被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
2.has been honored 考查时态和语态。句意:——你知道张仲景吗 ——当然。自东汉以来,他一直被尊为“医圣”。根据时间状语“since...”可知,设空处表示的动作是过去发生且持续到现在的,honor与主语He之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
3.have taken;have been built 考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了很大的变化,建起了很多新房子。根据语境及时间状语In the last few years可知两空都用现在完成时,great changes与take place为主动关系,因此第一空应用主动语态;houses与build之间是被动关系,所以第二空为have been built。
易错归因
第一空会错填have been taken。注意:happen、occur、take place、break out等为不及物动词(短语),它们不用于被动语态。
题型(二)
1.is called 句意:事实上,它也被一些人称为艾尔斯岩。此处表示客观事实,且it与call之间为被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2.has been closed 句意:然而,它自2019年10月26日以来一直被关闭。根据时间状语“since October 26, 2019”可知,应用现在完成时,且it与close之间为被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
3.was listed 句意:1994年,乌卢鲁巨石被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产保护区。根据时间状语In 1994可知,应用一般过去时,且Uluru与list之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.has been considered 句意:此外,乌卢鲁巨石几十年来一直被认为是一个主要的景点,来自世界各地的游客都被它吸引。根据语境可知,此处应用现在完成时,Uluru与consider之间为被动关系,故此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。
5.have been attracted 句意见上题。根据语境可知此处应用现在完成时,tourists与attract之间为被动关系,故此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。
6.was announced 句意:据说这项禁令于2007年首次宣布,大多数游客都遵守了。根据时间状语in 2007可知,此处应用一般过去时,the ban与announce之间为被动关系,故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
7.has been climbed 句意:澳大利亚旅游协会表示,自2017年以来,只有16%的游客爬过这个岩石。根据时间状语since 2017可知,应用现在完成时,the rock与climb之间为被动关系,故此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。
8.have been told 句意:从小就有人告诉我这个地方是非常神圣的……。根据时间状语since my childhood可知,应用现在完成时,I 与tell之间为被动关系,故此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。患有帕金森病的患者在获得有效的救治之前往往很难发现早期的症状,针对这个问题,研究人员研发出了一种可以检测出患者在身体症状出现之前散发的特有气味的便携式设备——“电子鼻”。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough(在恰当的时间获得有效治疗的一个主要问题是尽快发现这种疾病)”可推断出,难以发现早期的症状使帕金森病患者得到有效救治变得困难。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“a retired nurse in Scotland made the headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband's Parkinson's diagnosis(2015年,苏格兰一名退休护士因为她敏锐的嗅觉帮助其丈夫被诊断出帕金森病而上了头条)”可知这名苏格兰退休护士发现她丈夫的身体发出一种特殊的气味。故选A。
3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“...but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test...in any way.(……但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前,研究小组需要在更多的人身上进行测试,以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。)”可知为了提高模型的准确性,在电子鼻投入临床使用之前,研究小组还需要进行更广泛的测试。故选B。
4.A 主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了电子鼻出现的背景——帕金森病人在得到有效救治之前很难发现其症状;第二、三、四和五段主要围绕着电子鼻的研发、测试及功效展开;最后一段介绍了电子鼻还需要更多的测试。全文都是在围绕着一种能够测出帕金森病患者身上特有气味的电子鼻展开,A项(这个电子鼻能闻到帕金森病的味道)作为文章的标题最为合适。
【高频词汇】 1.symptom n.症状 2.relieve v.缓解
3.identify v.识别;确认;发现 4.specific adj.特有的;独特的 5.track down追踪到 6.option n.可选择的事物,选择 7.detect v.发现;查明
【差距词汇】 1.portable adj.便携式的 2.diagnosis n.诊断 3.substance n.物质
长难句
原句 In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China's Zhejiang University created an “e-nose”, a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson's patients.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“published in the journal ACS Omega”为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词study;“a portable device...”作an “e-nose”的同位语;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词device。
译文 在发表在《ACS Omega》杂志上的一项研究中,中国浙江大学的研究人员创造了一种“电子鼻”,这是一种便携式设备,可以检测帕金森病患者特有的身体气味。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代人对科技的依赖。科技确实重要,但我们也要保持生活的真实性,体验真正的生活。
1.E 过渡句。空前内容“Just think, what would happen...or perhaps you lost it ”提出了电子产品不能使用的假想情况,空后句“Today, most people are becoming dependent on technology.”说明人们对科技的依赖。E项(如果想到这些情况的发生会使你焦虑不安,那么并不是你一个人这样。)承接上下文,符合文意。E项中not alone对应下文的most people。
2.C 细节句。根据空后内容“Anyway, it's true. How can work continue if it's hard to send an email to a colleague or customer (不管怎样,这是真的。如果很难给同事或客户发送电子邮件,工作如何继续 )”可知此处应该是提及无法发送电子邮件的原因是没有网络,C项(如果网络断了,这一天所有的任务都结束了。)符合语境。
3.G 细节句。上文提到过去孩子们常常花很多时间和彼此或父母在一起玩耍或分享故事,而如今放学后的晚间游戏结束了,在周日看动画片或者和朋友们一起玩已经不存在了。此处旨在说明孩子们对科技的依赖,G项(现如今,大多数小孩待在室内玩电脑游戏或者玩智能手机。)承接上文,符合文意。
4.A 过渡句。 空前句提到“technology detox(脱瘾)”,空后句对该名词进行了解释。故A项(也许你可能听说过。)承接上下文,符合文意。
5.B 细节句。根据空前句“We must agree that society is being carried away by the increased inventions being introduced in our lives today.”并结合空后内容可知,此处应该是我们对科技的肯定。B项(我们欣赏科技,因为它有它的好处。)符合文意。
【高频词汇】 1.crash v.崩溃 2.be familiar with熟悉……
3.trend n.趋势,动向 4.recommend v.推荐,建议
5.interaction n.互动 6.discipline n.纪律;自制力
长难句
原句 If not, according to researchers from Oxford University, technology detox is a period during which an individual avoids using any electronic devices including computers, smart phones, etc., as a chance to reduce stress and focus on social interaction in the outside world.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“If not”为If引导的条件状语从句的省略;during which引导定语从句,修饰先行词period;不定式短语 “to reduce stress and focus on social interaction in the outside world”作后置定语,修饰名词chance。
译文 如果没有(听说过的话),根据来自牛津大学的研究人员,科技脱瘾是指个人避免使用任何电子设备,包括电脑、智能手机等,以此作为一个机会来减轻压力,专注于与外界的社交互动的阶段。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。作者从小对发明感兴趣,通过做学习课题任务,他更加热爱发明和崇拜爱迪生。在爸爸的影响和帮助下,他最终成了一名发明家。
1.C 句意:我的两项发明可以让汽车成为车轮上的动力装置。根据第一句中的“have invented robots”及下文内容可以看出inventions在此处符合语境。approach方法;experiment实验;invention发明;conclusion结论。
2.B 句意:我对创造东西的热爱始于我还是个孩子的时候。根据本空后的“when I was a kid”可知,此处指从孩子时“开始的”。 die死;begin开始;fade变淡;win赢得。
3.A 句意:当我四年级的时候,我们的老师给了我们一个课题。根据下文可知,这是学校里老师分配给学生做的课题。project课题,项目;lesson教训,功课;surprise惊讶;present礼物。
4.B 句意:我们必须写信给一家公司,了解他们生产的产品。根据语境可知此处指了解公司产品。decision决定;product产品;order顺序,命令;account记述,描述。
5.D 句意:我选择了Thomas A. Edison公司。根据本段内容可知,同学们要了解公司产品,然后在班级里做报告,因此作者“选择”了这家公司。join加入,参加;own拥有;start开始;choose选择。
6.C 句意:我写信给公司后不久,邮递员给我送了一个包裹。由mailman可知delivered符合语境,指“邮递员派送包裹”。 open打开;offer提供;deliver递送;lend借出。
7.A 句意:我是多么喜欢阅读和重读有关他的发明的故事啊!作者非常崇拜爱迪生,因此喜欢阅读有关爱迪生的发明的书。enjoy喜爱;mind介意;avoid避开;hate厌恶。
8.D 句意:我爸爸注意到我对发明的兴趣并鼓励我。根据下文“He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and, finally into new things.”可推测爸爸鼓励作者继续发明。stop停止;blame责备;control控制;encourage鼓励。
9.A 句意:有一次,我用我自己做的一个调整我们家汽车的刹车的工具给了我爸爸一个惊喜。根据下文“Later, we found a similar tool in a store.”可知作者和父亲在商店发现了类似的工具,因此此处指“工具”。tool工具;promise许诺;mistake错误;trick诡计。
10.B 句意:那时我才知道,不同的发明家经常发明类似的东西。young年轻的;different不同的;great伟大的;real真的。
11.D 句意:这种情况并不罕见。作者在学习发明的过程中了解到,不同的发明家发明类似的东西,这种情况很常见。reasonable合情合理的;improper不正确的;practical切合实际的;unusual不寻常的。
12.B 句意:失败是发明过程中常见的一部分。根据上一句“I learned, too, that not all great ideas work.”可知不是所有的很棒的想法都能实现,因此failure符合语境。imagination想象;failure失败;happiness幸福; wealth财富。
13.C 句意:当父亲和我一起工作时,我开始意识到我父亲自己也是一个发明家。hope希望;suggest建议;realize意识到;consider考虑。
14.D 句意:有了他的指导,加上我对发明的兴趣,我成了一名工程师和发明家。根据文章开头的讲述可知,作者从小就对发明感兴趣。honor荣誉;difficulty困难;experience经验,经历;interest兴趣。
15.A 句意:但我也很感谢托马斯·爱迪生,是他第一次点燃了我内心的那只电灯泡。grateful感激的;polite有礼貌的;related有关系的;equal平等的。
【高频词汇】 1.damage n.& v.损害;伤害 2.contain vt.包含;容纳 3.impress v.使留下深刻印象;使钦佩
4.adjust vt.调整 5.combine v.(使)联合,(使)结合
精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
()
