2023-2024-1明德中学高二上第一次月考
英语
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 略
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Boston University (BU) is test-optional for first-year international applicants applying for fall 2023.
Students will be required to submit the TOEFL, IELTS or DET test scores as the primary means for evaluating English language capacity. High school records, teacher evaluation and your financial documents shall also be included in applicant checklist. Applicants must decide for themselves whether to include standardized test scores with their BU application.
Standardized Test Scores
BU accepts self-reported standardized test scores on your application. You may also submit your official test scores by the testing agency, or through the self-report form on the My BU Applicant Portal.
Please note: If you submit self-reported standardized test scores, an official score report from the testing agency will be required before registering at BU. If the scores on those differ even slightly from the scores you self-reported earlier, your application will most likely be disqualified.
High School Reports
Official copies of your high school reports must be submitted by a school official. If you are admitted in an international course with national exams, please see our High School Credentials (资格证书) page for how to submit these official results.
For most BU programs, the recommended high school courses are as follows: 4 years of English, 3—4 years of mathematics, 3—4 years of laboratory science, 3—4 years of history and/or social science.
1. Which are optional in applying to BU
A. Financial documents. B. High school records.
C. Standardized test scores. D. Teacher evaluation reports.
2. What may cause a failure in your application
A. Updating applicant information.
B. Submitting inconsistent test results.
C. Taking different English language tests.
D. Reporting scores on the My BU Applicant Portal.
3. Who is the text intended for
A. Test organizers. B. Primary students.
C. College professors. D. International applicants.
B
Recently, the “city walk” has been gaining steam among residents and tourists around China. On social platform Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts has increased by 700 percent over the past three months, and the total number of interactions has increased by more than 600 percent.
A city walk is a form of urban tourism originating in the UK. Unlike traditional sightseeing, which aims to hit famous attractions and commercial center, usually by vehicles with tense schedules, city walk is about “roaming” around a city on foot, soaking up the atmosphere and finding unusual things that even a resident of the city might not have noticed before. Such walks generally avoid famous scenic spots and shopping centers, and take you to places where you can have real interactions with the local people, eat at small but authentic restaurants, and gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the city.
City walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are eager to engage with the city they are visiting or reside in their own way. By “roaming” on foot, city walkers can better feel the texture and listen to the breath of a place. They seek pleasure more through connection than consumption, which indicates a deep cultural curiosity. For example, in Chongqing, if you don’t take a walk, you can hardly experience the unique geographical charm of the mountainous city. Be it the hutong in Beijing or the Chinese parasol tree district in Shanghai; city walks allow people to see the scenery apart from the scene and uncover hidden knowledge.
The appeal of a city walk lies in the young generation’s changing attitude toward life — pursuing quality leisure time while being occupied with demanding workloads and limited time for exploration. While roaming along the road, you can entirely focus on yourself and listen to your inner voice and care for what you feel, which is a way to love yourself and benefit your mental health. Just like Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.”
4. What do the underlined words “gaining steam” in paragraph one probably mean
A. Raising concerns. B. Getting outdated. C. Causing trouble. D. Receiving popularity.
5. How does the city walk differ from traditional sightseeing
A. It pursues economical tourism.
B. It is usually well-organized and scheduled.
C. It helps promote the authentic food of the destination.
D. It focuses on feeling the local culture by connecting the city.
6. What do we know about city walkers
A. They are keen to buy souvenirs.
B. They tend to walk as much as possible.
C. They have strong curiosity about the local culture.
D. They prefer the city landscape to the natural scenery.
7. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Why city walk changes people’s lifestyle.
B. Why the young fall in love with a city walk.
C. How popular the city walk is among citizens.
D. What young people usually do during a city walk.
C
In recent years, labels have increasingly been used by the food industry. Whether “non-GMO” or “zero trans fat”, “no added hormones” or “sugar-free”, consumers are demanding more information about what’s in their food.
A report by Nielsen found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are using the new labels to meet consumers’ demand, with an eye towards giving their products a leg up over the competition, and their bottom lines a boost as well.
On its face, the new marketing strategy makes sense. But these so-called “absence claims” labels are harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt’s put a “non-GMO” label on its tomatoes a few years ago — despite the fact that, at the time, there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Over the long term, this strategy will have the opposite effect: by creating fear, we run the risk of damaging consumers’ trust.
Eventually it becomes a question in consumers’ minds: Should I have ever been eating these foods in the first place By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to me
For food manufacturers, it will damage consumers’ trust, which in turn would lower sales for the whole food industry. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study by a group of academics at the University of Delaware found that “absence claims” labels can stigmatize(污名化) food produced with conventional processes even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm.
In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, it sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and, ultimately, more costly food products. Therefore, it’s clear that food manufacturers must be careful when using “absence claims” as a marketing strategy. If we allow this kind of label fear-mongering to continue, the losers will be all of us.
8. What is food manufacturers’ new marketing strategy
A. Handing out free samples for consumers to taste.
B. Using creative wrappers to each customers’ eyes.
C. Attracting consumers by labelling “absence claims”.
D. Offering more detailed goods information to customers.
9. What does the author intend to indicate by mentioning Hunt’s
A. The Hunt’s takes a lead in the food-marketing strategy.
B. Products without “non-GMO” labels are usually unhealthy.
C. Consumers tend to purchase products with “absence claims” labels.
D. The “absence claims” labels will have negative effects on consumers.
10. What impact does the new marketing strategy have on food manufacturers
A. It will cut down the sales of their food products.
B It will help remove the stigma of their brand history.
C. It will damage the trust of their cooperative partners.
D. It might increase the consumption of food processing.
11. What does the author advise food manufacturers to do
A. Increase food choices for consumers.
B. Use “absence claims” labels cautiously.
C. Improve the efficiency of food production.
D. Innovate the processing methods of food products.
D
The commonly held belief that it takes 21 days to form a new habit can be traced back to a 1960 book by plastic surgeon Maxwel Maltz called Psycho-Cybernetics. In his work treating patients who had gone through facial reconstruction surgery, Maltz noticed that it typically took around three weeks for them to adjust to seeing their new faces in the mirror. He also found that individuals who had lost a limb still sensed “phantom (幻觉的)” pains in the missing arm or leg for about 21 days.
Based on these perceptions (认知) of recovery time after significant physical changes, Maltz theorized in his book that it likely takes a minimum of 21 days for the neurological path ways in our brains associated with old behaviors and habits to go away, and for new mental images and routines to take firm root. This idea of a standardized 21-day formation period for habits soon became widely accepted.
However, Maltz was drawing causal inferences rather than conducting strict scientific research. It wasn’t until 2010 that health psychologist Phillippa Lally at University College London decided to properly study habit formation timelines. She designed a year-long experiment that tracked 96 participants as they each established a single new habit of their choosing. Every day, subjects reported on whether they successfully performed their intended behavior that day as well as how automatic the action felt.
Lally’ findings revealed that on average, it took 66 days before a habit became a normal part of a routine and felt automatic. But results varied widely, with habits forming anywhere from 18 days up to 254 days between individuals. Consistency was the key factor in successfully making a behavior habitual, with sometimes missing days not stopping overall progress.
This landmark study disproved the assumed 21-day standard and showed that a wide range of timelines are normal. Ultimately, committing to consistently practicing a new behavior for months, not weeks, is what allows real habit change and improvement to occur naturally in the brain. Understanding habit formation as a gradual, individualized process helps people develop positive routines without unrealistic expectations.
12. What is Maltz’s assumption based on
A. An intensive survey. B. Psychological work.
C. The strict scientific research. D. His personal observations.
13. Why did Lally’s team conduct the research
A. To prove Maltz’s theory on habit formation.
B. To identify timelines for establishing new habits.
C. To explore the factors in affecting habit formation.
D. To present advantages of developing good behavior.
14. What do we know about Lally’s findings
A. There are large individual differences in forming habits.
B. Most participants took 66 days to make a behavior habitual.
C. It is harder to form a new habit than to persist with an old one.
D. Occasional stops have a big effect on the progress of habit formation.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. What Is the Key to Form a New Habit
B. How Do We Develop Positive Routines
C. When Is the Best Time to Start a New Habit
D. Does It Really Take 21 Days to Build a New Habit
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Having good working relationships with your coworkers is important. Unfortunately, some coworkers can be rude, or unprofessional. It’s easy to get stressed and struggle with productivity when you’re suffering a bad work relationship. ____16____
One easiest way to avoid trouble is simply to avoid them when you can. Stay away from difficult coworkers if you don’t have to work with them directly. Limit your interactions. ____17____ When you do need to speak with them, keep the discussion brief but pleasant.
____18____ Depending on the situation, it’s healthiest to let go of your anger when a colleague acts out. Their bad behavior isn’t your fault. As long as it doesn’t interfere with your work, it’s not your problem. Instead of taking their behavior personally, ignore it and move on.
Fight a coworker’s negativity with your own optimistic perspective. Does your coworker seem to complain constantly ____19____ Your coworker will get the information if you wisely change the topic or offer an opposite positive point of view. Without someone to fuel their negativity, they’ll get bored and move on.
Understanding and empathizing with them makes it easier to get along. As you learn about your coworker, you’ll also gain insight into why they behave the way they do. ____20____ Your relationship may improve when you can empathize with their situation.
A. If so, build a positive attitude in response.
B. Try developing a few coping methods to help you.
C. Thankfully, there are ways to improve the situation.
D Then you’ll reduce the amount of frustration you feel.
E. They might be overworked, or going through a rough time.
F. Get to know your coworker so you can understand why they act that way.
G. Letting bad behavior slide right off your shoulders is often the easiest way.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I started working at the University of Leeds two years ago. ____21____ that the Business Confucius Institute was offering Chinese evening classes on the university campus, I decided to ____22____ a beginner class.
My first class took place in January 2023 and I attended one lesson a week, each lasting one and a half hours. My Chinese teacher, Mr. Kong, was highly ____23____ and engaging. Each class he would teach us lots of new words and ____24____, and then get us to act them out in role plays ____25____ basic Chinese introductions and conversations, as if he would never get tired.
After each lesson I felt as though my ____26____ had been placed in a deep fat fryer (锅) for a long period of time. Despite these initial ____27____, I made progress gradually. I began to realize that the more my brain ____28____ immediately after class, the more information I had ____29____. Between weekly classes my mind would reorder and make sense of the chaos. I found that Chinese phrases or nursery thymes we had _____30_____ would pop unexpectedly into my head at _____31_____ moments, such as when in the shower or on the way to work.
I found that learning Chinse was much easier and much harder than I had thought it. It is much easier because Chinese _____32_____ — at least at beginner level — is significantly simpler than English or Spanish, both of which have complicated grammatical rules. It is harder because reading and writing to a decent standard _____33_____ the memorization of some 3,000 characters. It is a real _____34_____ enemy for the moment but I am determined to _____35_____ him one day.
21. A. Studying B. Realizing C. Noticing D. Wondering
22. A. put to the test B. sign up for C. take into account D. settle down in
23. A. energetic B. optimistic C. excellent D. intelligent
24. A. rules B. novels C. vocabulary D. phrases
25. A. reciting B. practising C. creating D. reading
26. A. heart B. soul C. body D. brain
27. A. successes B. achievements C. challenges D. surprises
28. A. mattered B. ached C. rose D. flew
29. A. absorbed B. forgotten C. predicted D. occupied
30. A. regretted B. intended C. covered D. pretended
31. A. random B. casual C. deliberate D. intentional
32. A. character B. pronunciation C. dictation D. grammar
33. A. assesses B. ignores C. involves D. concludes
34. A. merciful B. tough C. risky D. mature
35. A. guarantee B. appreciate C. overcome D. conquer
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Butterfly Lovers, a masterpiece ____36____ really deserves to be heard, is a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.
The music combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played ____37____ Western musical instruments such as the violin. But more ___38___ (significant), much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera. It takes the audience through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple ____39____ (tear) apart by their families. When the two lovers Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if ____40____ (whisper) to the audience. The tunes then become fast and cheerful ____41____ (represent) their three happy years of school. Later the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is ____42____ the lovers are separated. Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. Overcome with sorrow, Zhu jumps into his grave. Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a ____43____ (soft) turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. What ____44____ amazing journey! No wonder it _____45_____ (praise) as one of the greatest concertos since it was created.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，是某中学的一名高二学生。学校即将举行一年一度的美食节，美食节上有来自湖南和全国各地的特色美食展示与推荐。与此同时，为了增进对各地美食的了解，美食节设定了英语写作竞赛环节，参赛者按如下提示给英语老师Simon写一封邮件，进行具体推荐。
1. 推荐美食的名称及推荐的理由；
2. 推荐美食的外貌、气味、口味等相关特征；
3. 推荐美食的其他信息。
注意：
1. 词数应为80词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Simon,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。
One day my grandfather gave me a gift — a piggy bank. It had an opening through which one could put money in but the opening was not big enough to reach in and get the money out. The only way to get at the money was to break the piggy bank open. My grandfather explained that was the whole idea; the piggy bank would help save my money so that, at the end of the year,I might have enough for that bike I dreamt about. He asked if I would put some of the money he gave me into the piggy bank. I agreed immediately and promised that I wouldn't break it open until I could afford my dream bike.
Whenever he gave me a little bit of money, he would say, "This is for spending. But you can save some and put it in the piggy bank if you want to save it up." When he gave me larger amounts, it was clearly for saving in the piggy bank. For some time, this worked fine. I loved shaking the piggy bank and hearing the sound of the coins. As it became heavier, I grew more excited, dreaming about buying my new bike, and all the adventures I could have on it
Whenever I wanted to take some money from the piggy bank to buy delicious ice-creams or beautiful pens,I would imagine riding my bike on the street,and thinking of that, my thoughts about ice-creams or pens went away. So for almost six months, I only put money into the piggy bank without taking any out. I thought I wouldn't break my piggy bank for anything. But one day something unexpected happened. I saw a piece of news on the television that a serious earthquake had happened in a nearby province. As many houses were destroyed, a lot of children became homeless. Seeing their shabby clothes and crying faces, I was sleepless that night.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右：
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1:
I knew I should do something.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
My grandfather was surprised by my behavior
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023-2024-1明德中学高二上第一次月考
英语
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 略
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Boston University (BU) is test-optional for first-year international applicants applying for fall 2023.
Students will be required to submit the TOEFL, IELTS or DET test scores as the primary means for evaluating English language capacity. High school records, teacher evaluation and your financial documents shall also be included in applicant checklist. Applicants must decide for themselves whether to include standardized test scores with their BU application.
Standardized Test Scores
BU accepts self-reported standardized test scores on your application. You may also submit your official test scores by the testing agency, or through the self-report form on the My BU Applicant Portal.
Please note: If you submit self-reported standardized test scores, an official score report from the testing agency will be required before registering at BU. If the scores on those differ even slightly from the scores you self-reported earlier, your application will most likely be disqualified.
High School Reports
Official copies of your high school reports must be submitted by a school official. If you are admitted in an international course with national exams, please see our High School Credentials (资格证书) page for how to submit these official results.
For most BU programs, the recommended high school courses are as follows: 4 years of English, 3—4 years of mathematics, 3—4 years of laboratory science, 3—4 years of history and/or social science.
1. Which are optional in applying to BU
A. Financial documents. B. High school records.
C. Standardized test scores. D. Teacher evaluation reports.
2. What may cause a failure in your application
A. Updating applicant information.
B. Submitting inconsistent test results.
C. Taking different English language tests.
D. Reporting scores on the My BU Applicant Portal.
3 Who is the text intended for
A. Test organizers. B. Primary students.
C. College professors. D. International applicants.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了申请2023年秋季进入波士顿大学的一年级国际申请人可以提交的考试成绩类型。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Applicants must decide for themselves whether to include standardized test scores with their BU application. (申请人必须自行决定是否在BU申请中包含标准化考试成绩。)”可知，申请人可以自行决定是否提交标准化考试成绩，所以标准化考试成绩是可选的。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Standardized Test Scores”下面的“If you submit self-reported standardized test scores, an official score report from the testing agency will be required before registering at BU. If the scores on those differ even slightly from the scores you self-reported earlier, your application will most likely be disqualified. (如果你提交了自我报告的标准化考试成绩，在BU注册之前，将需要考试机构的官方成绩报告。如果这些机构的分数与你之前自我报告的分数哪怕略有不同，你的申请很可能会被取消资格。)”可知，如果提交不一致的成绩，那么申请可能会被拒。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Boston University (BU) is test-optional for first-year international applicants applying for fall 2023. (对申请2023年秋季入学的一年级国际申请人来说，波士顿大学的考试是可选的。)”并结合下文内容可推知，本篇文章主要是写给国际申请学生的。故选D。
B
Recently, the “city walk” has been gaining steam among residents and tourists around China. On social platform Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts has increased by 700 percent over the past three months, and the total number of interactions has increased by more than 600 percent.
A city walk is a form of urban tourism originating in the UK. Unlike traditional sightseeing, which aims to hit famous attractions and commercial center, usually by vehicles with tense schedules, city walk is about “roaming” around a city on foot, soaking up the atmosphere and finding unusual things that even a resident of the city might not have noticed before. Such walks generally avoid famous scenic spots and shopping centers, and take you to places where you can have real interactions with the local people, eat at small but authentic restaurants, and gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the city.
City walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are eager to engage with the city they are visiting or reside in their own way. By “roaming” on foot, city walkers can better feel the texture and listen to the breath of a place. They seek pleasure more through connection than consumption, which indicates a deep cultural curiosity. For example, in Chongqing, if you don’t take a walk, you can hardly experience the unique geographical charm of the mountainous city. Be it the hutong in Beijing or the Chinese parasol tree district in Shanghai; city walks allow people to see the scenery apart from the scene and uncover hidden knowledge.
The appeal of a city walk lies in the young generation’s changing attitude toward life — pursuing quality leisure time while being occupied with demanding workloads and limited time for exploration. While roaming along the road, you can entirely focus on yourself and listen to your inner voice and care for what you feel, which is a way to love yourself and benefit your mental health. Just like Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.”
4. What do the underlined words “gaining steam” in paragraph one probably mean
A. Raising concerns. B. Getting outdated. C. Causing trouble. D. Receiving popularity.
5. How does the city walk differ from traditional sightseeing
A. It pursues economical tourism.
B. It is usually well-organized and scheduled.
C. It helps promote the authentic food of the destination.
D. It focuses on feeling the local culture by connecting the city.
6. What do we know about city walkers
A. They are keen to buy souvenirs.
B. They tend to walk as much as possible.
C. They have strong curiosity about the local culture.
D. They prefer the city landscape to the natural scenery.
7. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Why city walk changes people’s lifestyle.
B. Why the young fall in love with a city walk.
C. How popular the city walk is among citizens.
D. What young people usually do during a city walk.
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是最近“城市漫步”在中国各地的居民和游客中越来越流行。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词后的“On social platform Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts has increased by 700 percent over the past three months, and the total number of interactions has increased by more than 600 percent.(在社交平台小红书上，数据显示，在过去的三个月里，与城市漫步相关的话题帖子数量增长了700%，互动总数增长了600%以上。)”可知，城市漫步相关话题的数据在社交平台上增长了6-7倍，由此推断，城市漫步在中国居民和游客中应是很受欢迎，结合划线单词所在的句子可知，划线单词的意思与“受欢迎”意义相近。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unlike traditional sightseeing, which aims to hit famous attractions and commercial center, usually by vehicles with tense schedules, city walk is about “roaming” around a city on foot, soaking up the atmosphere and finding unusual things that even a resident of the city might not have noticed before.(与传统观光不同的是，传统观光的目的是去著名景点和商业中心，通常是乘坐交通工具，行程紧凑，而城市漫步则是在城市里徒步“漫游”，沉浸在城市的氛围中，发现一些即使是城市居民以前也可能没有注意到的不寻常的东西。)”可知，传统的旅游是乘坐交通工具去景点，而城市漫步是通过融入城市，从而沉浸在城市的氛围中，去发现一些以前没注意的东西，由此可知，城市漫步应是通过了解城市来感受当地文化。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“City walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are eager to engage with the city they are visiting or reside in their own way.(城市步行者是一群具有强烈好奇心的人。他们渴望以自己的方式融入他们正在游览或居住的城市。)”以及“They seek pleasure more through connection than consumption, which indicates a deep cultural curiosity.(他们更多地通过联系而不是消费来寻求快乐，这表明他们对文化有着深刻的好奇心。)”可知，城市漫步者是一群好奇心强的人，他们喜欢用自己的方式融入到游览或居住的城市，他们是通过练习来寻求快乐，表明他们对文化充满好奇心，由此可知，城市漫游者他们对当地文化有强烈的好奇心。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“The appeal of a city walk lies in the young generation’s changing attitude toward life — pursuing quality leisure time while being occupied with demanding workloads and limited time for exploration.(城市漫步的吸引力在于年轻一代对生活态度的转变——在被繁重的工作和有限的探索时间所占据的同时，追求高质量的休闲时间。)”可知，城市漫步之所以有吸引力是因为年轻一代对生活态度发生了转变，结合下文中的对年轻一代人对生活态度的分析以及引用Oscar Wilde的名言可知，本段主要介绍的是城市漫步受欢迎的原因。故选B项。
C
In recent years, labels have increasingly been used by the food industry. Whether “non-GMO” or “zero trans fat”, “no added hormones” or “sugar-free”, consumers are demanding more information about what’s in their food.
A report by Nielsen found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are using the new labels to meet consumers’ demand, with an eye towards giving their products a leg up over the competition, and their bottom lines a boost as well.
On its face, the new marketing strategy makes sense. But these so-called “absence claims” labels are harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt’s put a “non-GMO” label on its tomatoes a few years ago — despite the fact that, at the time, there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Over the long term, this strategy will have the opposite effect: by creating fear, we run the risk of damaging consumers’ trust.
Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers’ minds: Should I have ever been eating these foods in the first place By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to me
For food manufacturers, it will damage consumers’ trust, which in turn would lower sales for the whole food industry. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study by a group of academics at the University of Delaware found that “absence claims” labels can stigmatize(污名化) food produced with conventional processes even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm.
In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, it sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and, ultimately, more costly food products. Therefore, it’s clear that food manufacturers must be careful when using “absence claims” as a marketing strategy. If we allow this kind of label fear-mongering to continue, the losers will be all of us.
8 What is food manufacturers’ new marketing strategy
A. Handing out free samples for consumers to taste.
B. Using creative wrappers to each customers’ eyes.
C. Attracting consumers by labelling “absence claims”.
D. Offering more detailed goods information to customers.
9. What does the author intend to indicate by mentioning Hunt’s
A. The Hunt’s takes a lead in the food-marketing strategy.
B. Products without “non-GMO” labels are usually unhealthy.
C. Consumers tend to purchase products with “absence claims” labels.
D. The “absence claims” labels will have negative effects on consumers.
10. What impact does the new marketing strategy have on food manufacturers
A. It will cut down the sales of their food products.
B. It will help remove the stigma of their brand history.
C. It will damage the trust of their cooperative partners.
D. It might increase the consumption of food processing.
11. What does the author advise food manufacturers to do
A. Increase food choices for consumers.
B. Use “absence claims” labels cautiously.
C. Improve the efficiency of food production.
D. Innovate the processing methods of food products.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是“不含声明”标签对消费者和产品供应行业的伤害。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段中的“Whether “non-GMO” or “zero trans fat”, “no added hormones” or “sugar-free”, consumers are demanding more information about what’s in their food.(无论是“非转基因”还是“零反式脂肪”，“不添加激素”还是“无糖”，消费者都要求更多关于食品成分的信息。)”可知，消费者要求更多关于食品成分的类似于“不含声明”的信息，结合第二段中的“Food manufacturers are using the new labels to meet consumers’ demand, with an eye towards giving their products a leg up over the competition, and their bottom lines a boost as well.(食品制造商正在使用新标签来满足消费者的需求，目的是让他们的产品在竞争中占据优势，同时也提高他们的利润。)”可知，消费者需要了解更多关于他们购买的食品的详细信息，生产商为满足消费者的需要，利用新标签在市场上占得先机，由此可知，食品生产商的新的市场营销策略是使用新标签来吸引消费者。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“On its face, the new marketing strategy makes sense. But these so-called “absence claims” labels are harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them.(从表面上看，新的营销策略是有道理的。但这些所谓的“不含声明”标签对购买产品的消费者和供应产品的行业都是有害的。)”可知，使用“不含声明”标签这样的营销策略看似很有道理，但对消费者及供应产品的行业来说都是有害的，接下来列举了Hunt’s的案例，并结合“Over the long term, this strategy will have the opposite effect: by creating fear, we run the risk of damaging consumers’ trust.(从长远来看，这种策略将产生相反的效果：通过制造恐惧，我们冒着损害消费者信任的风险。)”可知，这种营销策略从长远看来影响了消费者对产品的信任，综上信息可知，列举Hunt’s案例是为了说明“不含声名”标签对消费者有负面影响。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For food manufacturers, it will damage consumers’ trust, which in turn would lower sales for the whole food industry.(对于食品制造商来说，这将损害消费者的信任，进而降低整个食品行业的销售额。)”可知，对生产商来说，这种新的营销策略损害了消费者对产品的信任，转而降低了产品的销售量。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Therefore, it’s clear that food manufacturers must be careful when using “absence claims” as a marketing strategy. If we allow this kind of label fear-mongering to continue, the losers will be all of us. (因此，很明显，食品制造商在使用“不含声明”标签作为营销策略时必须谨慎。如果我们允许这种散播恐惧的标签继续下去，输家将是我们所有人。)”可知，作者认为食品生产商在使用“不含声明”标签要慎重考虑，否则所有人都是输家，由此可知，作者建议食品生产商慎重使用“不含声明”标签。故选B项。
D
The commonly held belief that it takes 21 days to form a new habit can be traced back to a 1960 book by plastic surgeon Maxwel Maltz called Psycho-Cybernetics. In his work treating patients who had gone through facial reconstruction surgery, Maltz noticed that it typically took around three weeks for them to adjust to seeing their new faces in the mirror. He also found that individuals who had lost a limb still sensed “phantom (幻觉的)” pains in the missing arm or leg for about 21 days.
Based on these perceptions (认知) of recovery time after significant physical changes, Maltz theorized in his book that it likely takes a minimum of 21 days for the neurological path ways in our brains associated with old behaviors and habits to go away, and for new mental images and routines to take firm root. This idea of a standardized 21-day formation period for habits soon became widely accepted.
However, Maltz was drawing causal inferences rather than conducting strict scientific research. It wasn’t until 2010 that health psychologist Phillippa Lally at University College London decided to properly study habit formation timelines. She designed a year-long experiment that tracked 96 participants as they each established a single new habit of their choosing. Every day, subjects reported on whether they successfully performed their intended behavior that day as well as how automatic the action felt.
Lally’ findings revealed that on average, it took 66 days before a habit became a normal part of a routine and felt automatic. But results varied widely, with habits forming anywhere from 18 days up to 254 days between individuals. Consistency was the key factor in successfully making a behavior habitual, with sometimes missing days not stopping overall progress.
This landmark study disproved the assumed 21-day standard and showed that a wide range of timelines are normal. Ultimately, committing to consistently practicing a new behavior for months, not weeks, is what allows real habit change and improvement to occur naturally in the brain. Understanding habit formation as a gradual, individualized process helps people develop positive routines without unrealistic expectations.
12. What is Maltz’s assumption based on
A. An intensive survey. B. Psychological work.
C. The strict scientific research. D. His personal observations.
13. Why did Lally’s team conduct the research
A. To prove Maltz’s theory on habit formation.
B. To identify timelines for establishing new habits.
C. To explore the factors in affecting habit formation.
D. To present advantages of developing good behavior.
14. What do we know about Lally’s findings
A There are large individual differences in forming habits.
B. Most participants took 66 days to make a behavior habitual.
C. It is harder to form a new habit than to persist with an old one.
D. Occasional stops have a big effect on the progress of habit formation.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. What Is the Key to Form a New Habit
B. How Do We Develop Positive Routines
C. When Is the Best Time to Start a New Habit
D. Does It Really Take 21 Days to Build a New Habit
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是来自伦敦大学的健康心理学家Phillippa Lally通过研究推翻了人们所认同的21天养成新习惯的理论，他们团队研究发现形成新均需要66天，而个体差异巨大。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“In his work treating patients who had gone through facial reconstruction surgery, Maltz noticed that it typically took around three weeks for them to adjust to seeing their new faces in the mirror. He also found that individuals who had lost a limb still sensed “phantom (幻觉的)” pains in the missing arm or leg for about 21 days.（在治疗接受面部重建手术的病人时，马尔茨注意到，他们通常需要大约三周的时间来适应在镜子里看到自己的新面孔。他还发现，失去肢体的人在大约21天的时间里，仍然会在失去的手臂或腿上感到“幻痛”）”和根据第二段中的“Based on these perceptions (认知) of recovery time after significant physical changes, Maltz theorized in his book that it likely takes a minimum of 21 days for the neurological path ways in our brains associated with old behaviors and habits to go away, and for new mental images and routines to take firm root.(基于这些对重大身体变化后恢复时间的认知，Maltz在他的书中提出了一个理论，即我们大脑中与旧行为和习惯相关的神经通路可能需要至少21天的时间才能消失，而新的心理图像和常规则需要21天的时间才能牢固地扎根。)”可知，Maltz基于这些对重大身体变化后恢复时间的认知，他得出一个结论，由此可知，他的假设应该是基于个人观察。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, Maltz was drawing causal inferences rather than conducting strict scientific research.(然而，Maltz是在进行因果推论，而不是进行严格的科学研究。)”可知，Maltz的结论是推断出来的，而没又进行科学研究，结合“It wasn’t until 2010 that health psychologist Phillippa Lally at University College London decided to properly study habit formation timelines.(直到2010年，伦敦大学学院的健康心理学家Phillippa Lally才决定适当地研究习惯形成的时间表。)”可知，健康心理学家Phillippa Lally决定进行习惯形成的时间的研究，由此可知，Lally的团队进行研究的原因是认为Maltz的新习惯养成的时间结论不科学，所以他们要通过研究确定形成新习惯的时间表。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Lally’ findings revealed that on average, it took 66 days before a habit became a normal part of a routine and felt automatic. But results varied widely, with habits forming anywhere from 18 days up to 254 days between individuals. (Lally的研究结果显示，一个均需要66天才能成为日常生活的一部分，并让人觉得是自然而然的。但结果差异很大，个体之间的习惯形成时间从18天到254天不等。)”可知，Lally的研究发现，一个均需要66天才能成为生活中的一部分，但是，个体之间的差异很大，从18天到254天不等，由此可知，在Lally的研究中发现习惯的形成有很大的个体差异。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“This idea of a standardized 21-day formation period for habits soon became widely accepted.(习惯的标准化21天形成周期的观点很快被广泛接受。)”可知，本文第一二段中分析了被人们广泛接受的Maltz 通过观察发现人们需要21天形成一个新习惯，根据第三段中的“However, Maltz was drawing causal inferences rather than conducting strict scientific research. It wasn’t until 2010 that health psychologist Phillippa Lally at University College London decided to properly study habit formation timelines.(然而，马尔茨是在进行因果推论，而不是进行严格的科学研究。直到2010年，伦敦大学学院的健康心理学家Phillippa Lally才决定适当地研究习惯形成的时间表。)”可知，伦敦大学学院的健康心理学家Phillippa Lally认为Maltz的结论缺乏科学依据，所以对习惯形成的时间表进行研究，并研究发现，一个习惯成为生活中的一部分平均需要66天，但是个体差异很大，结合尾段中的“This landmark study disproved the assumed 21-day standard and showed that a wide range of timelines are normal.(这项具有里程碑意义的研究推翻了假定的21天标准，并表明大范围的时间线是正常的。)”可知，这一新的研究推翻了之前人们广泛接受的形成习惯需要21天的理论，所以本文的题目为“养成一个新习惯真的需要21天吗？”符合本文的内容，且概括了全文的主题。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Having good working relationships with your coworkers is important. Unfortunately, some coworkers can be rude, or unprofessional. It’s easy to get stressed and struggle with productivity when you’re suffering a bad work relationship. ____16____
One easiest way to avoid trouble is simply to avoid them when you can. Stay away from difficult coworkers if you don’t have to work with them directly. Limit your interactions. ____17____ When you do need to speak with them, keep the discussion brief but pleasant.
____18____ Depending on the situation, it’s healthiest to let go of your anger when a colleague acts out. Their bad behavior isn’t your fault. As long as it doesn’t interfere with your work, it’s not your problem. Instead of taking their behavior personally, ignore it and move on.
Fight a coworker’s negativity with your own optimistic perspective. Does your coworker seem to complain constantly ____19____ Your coworker will get the information if you wisely change the topic or offer an opposite positive point of view. Without someone to fuel their negativity, they’ll get bored and move on.
Understanding and empathizing with them makes it easier to get along. As you learn about your coworker, you’ll also gain insight into why they behave the way they do. ____20____ Your relationship may improve when you can empathize with their situation.
A. If so, build a positive attitude in response.
B. Try developing a few coping methods to help you.
C. Thankfully, there are ways to improve the situation.
D. Then you’ll reduce the amount of frustration you feel.
E. They might be overworked, or going through a rough time.
F. Get to know your coworker so you can understand why they act that way.
G. Letting bad behavior slide right off your shoulders is often the easiest way.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. G 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种帮助改善同事之间的工作关系的方法。
【16题详解】
前文“Unfortunately, some coworkers can be rude, or unprofessional. It’s easy to get stressed and struggle with productivity when you’re suffering a bad work relationship.(不幸的是，有些同事可能很粗鲁或不专业。当你遭受不好的工作关系时，你很容易感到压力，难以提高工作效率)”讲述了糟糕的工作关系会导致压力，影响工作效率。下文分段讲述了几种解决方法。由此可知，空处应承上启下，讲述有改善这种状况的方法。C项“值得庆幸的是，有一些方法可以改善这种情况。”符合题意。故选C。
【17题详解】
前文“Stay away from difficult coworkers if you don’t have to work with them directly. Limit your interactions.(如果你不必直接与难缠的同事共事，就要远离他们。限制你们的交流。)”讲述了如果不必与不对付的同事一起工作，就减少接触，空处应讲述这么做的好处，D项“然后你会减少你感到的挫败感。”符合题意。故选D。
【18题详解】
空处是本段的主旨句。根据空后的“Depending on the situation, it’s healthiest to let go of your anger when a colleague acts out.(根据具体情况，当同事表现出来时，放下愤怒是最健康的。)”和“Instead of taking their behavior personally, ignore it and move on.(与其认为他们的行为是针对自己而感到不快，不如忽略它，继续前进。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是忽略同事的行为，不要让自己感到愤怒，所以G项“让不良行为从你的肩上滑落通常是最简单的方法。”符合题意。故选G。
【19题详解】
前文“Fight a coworker’s negativity with your own optimistic perspective. Does your coworker seem to complain constantly (用你自己乐观的态度与同事的消极情绪作斗争。你的同事似乎经常抱怨吗？)”建议用乐观对抗同事的消极情绪，并询问同事是否经常抱怨，空处应承接前文的询问，给出与该建议有关的答案，A项“如果是这样，建立积极的应对态度。”符合题意，选项中的positive attitude与首句中的optimistic perspective相照应。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文“As you learn about your coworker, you’ll also gain insight into why they behave the way they do.(当你了解你的同事时，你也会深入了解他们为什么会这样做。)”讲述了在了解同事的过程中你会理解他们出现不良行为的原因，空处应列举相关的原因，E项“他们可能工作过度，或者经历了一段艰难的时期。”符合题意。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I started working at the University of Leeds two years ago. ____21____ that the Business Confucius Institute was offering Chinese evening classes on the university campus, I decided to ____22____ a beginner class.
My first class took place in January 2023 and I attended one lesson a week, each lasting one and a half hours. My Chinese teacher, Mr. Kong, was highly ____23____ and engaging. Each class he would teach us lots of new words and ____24____, and then get us to act them out in role plays ____25____ basic Chinese introductions and conversations, as if he would never get tired.
After each lesson I felt as though my ____26____ had been placed in a deep fat fryer (锅) for a long period of time. Despite these initial ____27____, I made progress gradually. I began to realize that the more my brain ____28____ immediately after class, the more information I had ____29____. Between weekly classes my mind would reorder and make sense of the chaos. I found that Chinese phrases or nursery thymes we had _____30_____ would pop unexpectedly into my head at _____31_____ moments, such as when in the shower or on the way to work.
I found that learning Chinse was much easier and much harder than I had thought it. It is much easier because Chinese _____32_____ — at least at beginner level — is significantly simpler than English or Spanish, both of which have complicated grammatical rules. It is harder because reading and writing to a decent standard _____33_____ the memorization of some 3,000 characters. It is a real _____34_____ enemy for the moment but I am determined to _____35_____ him one day.
21. A. Studying B. Realizing C. Noticing D. Wondering
22. A. put to the test B. sign up for C. take into account D. settle down in
23. A. energetic B. optimistic C. excellent D. intelligent
24. A. rules B. novels C. vocabulary D. phrases
25. A. reciting B. practising C. creating D. reading
26. A. heart B. soul C. body D. brain
27. A. successes B. achievements C. challenges D. surprises
28. A. mattered B. ached C. rose D. flew
29. A. absorbed B. forgotten C. predicted D. occupied
30. A. regretted B. intended C. covered D. pretended
31. A. random B. casual C. deliberate D. intentional
32. A. character B. pronunciation C. dictation D. grammar
33. A. assesses B. ignores C. involves D. concludes
34. A. merciful B. tough C. risky D. mature
35. A. guarantee B. appreciate C. overcome D. conquer
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者上商业孔子学院提供的汉语夜校的经历以及对学习汉语的体会。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：注意到商业孔子学院在大学校园里提供汉语夜校，我决定报一个初级班。A. Studying研究；B. Realizing意识到；C. Noticing注意到；D. Wondering想知道。根据下文中的“that the Business Confucius Institute was offering Chinese evening classes on the university campus”可知，商业孔子学院在大学校园提供汉语夜校，这应是作者“注意到”的事情。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：注意到商业孔子学院在大学校园里提供汉语夜校，我决定报一个初级班。A. put to the test测试；B. sign up for报名参加；C. take into account予以考虑；D. settle down in安顿好。根据下文中的“My first class took place in January 2023 and I attended one lesson a week, each lasting one and a half hours.”可知，作者每周去上一次课，每次课一个半小时，由此可知，作者“报名参加”符合语境。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的语文老师孔老师精力充沛，很有魅力。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. excellent优秀的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据下文中的“as if he would never get tired.”可知，好像他从不觉得累，由此可知，此处应为“精力充沛的”符合语境。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每节课他都会教我们很多新单词和短语，然后让我们在角色扮演中表演，练习基本的中文介绍和对话，就好像他永远不会厌倦一样。A. rules规则；B. novels小说；C. vocabulary词汇；D. phrases短语。根据上文中的“he would teach us lots of new words”可知，他会教我们一些新单词，由此可知，此处讲述的是教学内容，结合and可知，此处应为“短语”与“单词”为并列关系。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每节课他都会教我们很多新单词和短语，然后让我们分角色练习，练习基本的中文介绍和对话，就好像他永远不会厌倦一样。A. reciting背诵；B. practising练习；C. creating创造；D. reading阅读。根据上文中的“and then get us to act them out in role plays”可知，老师让我们分角色表演，由此可知，此处应为“练习”基本的中文介绍和对话。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每上完一节课，我都觉得自己的大脑被长时间地放在了一个深油炸锅里。A. heart心；B. soul灵魂；C. body身体；D. brain大脑。根据下文中的“I began to realize that the more my brain ____8____ immediately after class”可知，此处指的是自己的“大脑”符合语境，brain为词汇复现。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管最初有这些挑战，但我逐渐取得了进步。A. successes成功；B. achievements成就；C. challenges挑战；D. surprises惊讶。根据上文中的despite可知，此空与下文内容为转折关系，结合下文中的“I made progress gradually”可知，我逐渐取得了进步，所以，此空处应是最初有些“挑战”符合逻辑。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始意识到，下课后我的大脑越疼，我吸收的信息就越多。A. mattered重要；B. ached疼；C. rose升起；D. flew飞。根据下文中的“Between weekly classes my mind would reorder and make sense of the chaos.”可知，作者在学习期间遇到很多混乱的事情，所以此处指的是大脑越“疼痛”符合语境。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始意识到，下课后我的大脑越疼，我吸收的信息就越多。A. absorbed吸收；B. forgotten忘记；C. predicted预测；D. occupied占据。根据语境和上文中的“I made progress gradually.”可知，我取得了一些进步，由此可知，之后作者意识到，自己头越疼，“吸收”的信息会越多。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现，我们学过的中文短语或童谣会在不经意间突然出现在我的脑海里，比如在洗澡或上班的路上。A. regretted后悔；B. intended打算；C. covered覆盖，学过；D. pretended假装。根据上文中的“Chinese phrases or nursery thymes”以及下文中的“would pop unexpectedly into my head”可知，中文的短语或童谣不经意间出现在作者的脑海里，由此可知，此处指的是作者“学过”的中文短语或歌谣，cover可引申为“看完（若干页书）”的意义，所以此处理解为“学过”符合语境。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现，我们学过的中文短语或童谣会在不经意间突然出现在我的脑海里，比如在洗澡或上班的路上。A. random随机的；B. casual随意的；C. deliberate故意的；D. intentional故意的。根据句意可知，此处应为固定短语at random意为“随机地”符合语境，random在此为名词意为“随机”。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：之所以说容易得多，因为汉语语法——至少在初学者的水平上——比英语或西班牙语简单得多，而这两种语言的语法规则都很复杂。A. character角色；B. pronunciation发音；C. dictation听写；D. grammar语法。根据下文中的“both of which have complicated grammatical rules”可知，西班牙语或英语的语法都很复杂，由此可知，此处用汉语的“语法”与这两种语言的语法进行比较。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：之所以难，是因为要达到标准的读写需要记忆大约3000个汉字。A. assesses评估；B. ignores不理会；C. involves涉及；D. concludes推断出。根据常识和上文中的“It is harder because reading and writing to a decent standard”以及下文中的“the memorization of some 3,000 characters.”可知，之所以说汉语难，是因为要到达标准的读写“涉及”记忆大约3000个汉字。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就目前而言，这是一个真正难以对付的敌人，但我决心有一天要征服他。A. merciful可怜的；B. tough困难的；C. risky冒险的；D. mature成熟的。根据上文中的“the memorization of some 3,000 characters.”可知，要记忆3000个汉字，这应是一个“困难的”任务，也就是一个“难以对付的”敌人。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就目前而言，这是一个真正难以对付的敌人，但我决心有一天要征服他。A. guarantee保证；B. appreciate感激；C. overcome克服；D. conquer征服。根据上文中的“enemy for the moment”可知，作者把记忆3000个汉字看成是一个难以对付的敌人，所以此处应为“征服”符合语境。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Butterfly Lovers, a masterpiece ____36____ really deserves to be heard, is a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.
The music combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played ____37____ Western musical instruments such as the violin. But more ___38___ (significant) much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera. It takes the audience through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple ____39____ (tear) apart by their families. When the two lovers Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if ____40____ (whisper) to the audience. The tunes then become fast and cheerful ____41____ (represent) their three happy years of school. Later the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is ____42____ the lovers are separated. Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. Overcome with sorrow, Zhu jumps into his grave. Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a ____43____ (soft) turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. What ____44____ amazing journey! No wonder it _____45_____ (praise) as one of the greatest concertos since it was created.
【答案】36. that##which
37. on 38. significantly
39. torn 40. whispering
41. to represent
42. when 43. softer
44. an 45. has been praised
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是由何占豪与陈钢共同创作的一首优美的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：何占豪与陈钢共同创作的一首优美的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》，是一部真正值得一听的杰作。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词masterpiece指的是物，所以使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：这种音乐结合了中国和西方的音乐元素：它是用小提琴等西方乐器演奏的。结合句意可知，表示“在……乐器上演奏”应使用介词on。故填on。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：但更重要的是，许多音乐都源于中国的越剧。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，修饰整个句子，significant的副词为“有重大意义地”符合句意。故填significantly。
【39题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：它带领观众经历了一个关于一对年轻夫妇被家庭拆散的经典故事的曲折。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，tear apart意为“拆散，拆开”与所修饰词a young couple之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用过去分词形式。故填torn。
【40题详解】
考查状语从句中的省略。句意：梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时，音乐轻盈而悦耳，仿佛在向观众低语。分析句子结构可知，此处为状语从句中的省略结构，在让步状语从句的主语和从句主语一致，谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略“主语+be”，因该句中whisper与句子主语the two lovers之间为主动关系，所以应使用现在分词形式，表示动作正在进行。故填whispering。
【41题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：然后，曲调变得轻快欢快，代表他们快乐的三年学校生活。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，此空位于形容词之后，表示一次性的具体动作，所以使用不定式形式，且与句子主语之间为主动关系。故填to represent。
【42题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：后来音乐变得戏剧化，音调更重，这就是恋人分开的时候。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示的是时间，所以使用连接副词when。故填when。
【43题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：最后，在最激动人心的部分，音乐转向柔和，以苦乐参半的音符结束，告诉我们这对夫妇是如何变成蝴蝶，飞走，永远在一起的。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，结合句意可知，此处表示从“激动人心”到变得“柔和”，应为比较级。故填softer。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：多么奇妙的旅程啊！分析句子结构可知，此处为感叹句型“what+a/an+adj.+名词(单数)！”结构，journey为可数名词单数，所以此处应使用不定冠词，amazing的首个音素为元音，所以此处使用不定冠词an。故填an。
【45题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：难怪它被誉为自创作以来最伟大的协奏曲之一。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“since it was created”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，praise与句子主语it所指代的曲子“Butterfly Lovers”之间为被动关系，且句子主语为第三人称单数。故填has been praised。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，是某中学的一名高二学生。学校即将举行一年一度的美食节，美食节上有来自湖南和全国各地的特色美食展示与推荐。与此同时，为了增进对各地美食的了解，美食节设定了英语写作竞赛环节，参赛者按如下提示给英语老师Simon写一封邮件，进行具体推荐。
1. 推荐美食的名称及推荐的理由；
2. 推荐美食的外貌、气味、口味等相关特征；
3. 推荐美食的其他信息。
注意：
1. 词数应为80词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Simon,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Simon,
It is a great honor for me to recommend my favorite “Stinky Tofu” to you. I’ll give you a detailed description of it.
Of all the foods I have ever tried stinky tofu is my favorite. It is blackish or golden brown. As the name suggests, the smell is terrible but surprisingly, the taste is actually quite mild. It tastes like fried tofu with more of a little sweetness and the sauce makes it taste even more delicious. Deep-fried stinky tofu is firm on the outside but soft and juicy on the inside. Now I can tell the differences between various versions of it and like all of their unique flavors as well as their distinctive smells.
To sum up, I believe you will enjoy stinky tofu to the fullest and not miss it.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英语老师Simon写一封邮件，向他推荐一道美食，内容包括推荐美食的名称及推荐的理由和美食的外貌、气味、口味等相关特征以及美食的其他信息。
【详解】1.词汇积累
荣幸：honor →privilege
暗示：suggest →imply
美味的：delicious →tasty
各种各样的：various →varieties of
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：It is a great honor for me to recommend my favorite “Stinky Tofu” to you.
拓展句：I’m honored to recommend my favorite “Stinky Tofu” to you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is a great honor for me to recommend my favorite “Stinky Tofu” to you.（运用了it作形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正主语）
【高分句型2】As the name suggests, the smell is terrible but surprisingly, the taste is actually quite mild.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。
One day my grandfather gave me a gift — a piggy bank. It had an opening through which one could put money in, but the opening was not big enough to reach in and get the money out. The only way to get at the money was to break the piggy bank open. My grandfather explained that was the whole idea; the piggy bank would help save my money so that, at the end of the year,I might have enough for that bike I dreamt about. He asked if I would put some of the money he gave me into the piggy bank. I agreed immediately and promised that I wouldn't break it open until I could afford my dream bike.
Whenever he gave me a little bit of money, he would say, "This is for spending. But you can save some and put it in the piggy bank if you want to save it up." When he gave me larger amounts, it was clearly for saving in the piggy bank. For some time, this worked fine. I loved shaking the piggy bank and hearing the sound of the coins. As it became heavier, I grew more excited, dreaming about buying my new bike, and all the adventures I could have on it
Whenever I wanted to take some money from the piggy bank to buy delicious ice-creams or beautiful pens,I would imagine riding my bike on the street,and thinking of that, my thoughts about ice-creams or pens went away. So for almost six months, I only put money into the piggy bank without taking any out. I thought I wouldn't break my piggy bank for anything. But one day something unexpected happened. I saw a piece of news on the television that a serious earthquake had happened in a nearby province. As many houses were destroyed, a lot of children became homeless. Seeing their shabby clothes and crying faces, I was sleepless that night.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右：
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1:
I knew I should do something.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
My grandfather was surprised by my behavior.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I knew I should do something. I went to my piggy bank and was about to break it and withdraw money when my mind came back to the bike I wanted to buy, and I hesitated. Thinking of the look in the eyes of the children hoping for help in the earthquake, I grabbed the piggy bank and threw it to the ground. Suddenly, the coins rolled all over the floor. "Yes, those children need help and need the money more." I said to myself.
My grandfather was surprised by my behavior. When he realized what had happened, he fondly touched my head and said, "Good boy, you did the right thing. Grandpa is proud of you." He continued, "My dear grandson, you deserve that bicycle. As a bonus, let's buy that bike together now. Then, go for a spring outing by bike. “Thank you, Grandpa. ” I was overwhelmed with happiness.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了爷爷送我一个存钱罐，我努力的存钱，想要买自己心仪的自行车。当看到临近省份发生了地震的电视新闻后，我决定把钱捐给地震灾区的孩子们。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我知道我应该做点什么”可知，第一段可描写作者的最终决定，打破存钱罐，把钱捐给地震灾区的孩子们。
②由第二段首句内容“爷爷对我的行为感到惊讶”可知，第二段可描写爷爷了解了事情的经过后，所做出的决定。
2.续写线索：存钱——梦想买自行车——看到新闻——捐钱——获得自行车奖励——开心
3.词汇激活
行为类
回来：come back to /return to
意识到：realize/be aware of
情绪类
以……为傲：be proud of/ take pride in
幸福：happiness / blessedness
【点睛】[高分句型1] I went to my piggy bank and was about to break it and withdraw money when my mind came back to the bike I wanted to buy, and I hesitated. (运用了省略了that的定语从句)
[高分句型2] When he realized what had happened, he fondly touched my head and said, "Good boy, you did the right thing. Grandpa is proud of you." (运用了what引导的宾语从句)
