2023-2024学年 人教版（2019）选择性必修二 Unit1 Science and Scientists 单元测试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Over past decades, China's aerospace industry has achieved a great deal and made great breakthroughs. Guo Shiyu, 31, is one of those personnel(人员) who have devoted themselves to the noble cause.
Working at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Guo is part of the third generation of China's aerospace personnel. He was born and brought up in an "aerospace family" with his parents and grandparents all working in the industry.
Back in college, Guo majored in logistics(物流学). With a good command of relevant knowledge, he started his space career, applying what he had learned to doing material management work at the academy. He won a safety production award along with his team members. "Each generation of aerospace personnel pursues high quality and error-free work," he said.
Guo developed an interest in aerospace when he was a university student. In 2007, he saw China's first unmanned lunar probe Chang'e 1 make a smooth launch. "Before I graduated in 2011, the space station Tiangong-1 took another step forward into the universe, and so I made up my mind to work on space missions," he said.
Guo learned to be careful and precise from the family members who came before him. Guo's grandfather was one of the first team of Chinese aerospace staff. He saw the academy being built in the middle of nowhere in the 1950s. "Aerospace is a big project while everyone's work is ordinary. No matter whether it's designing or managing, it's detailed tasks that makeup a great mission. I hope Guo will take details seriously and work hard at his position," his grandfather said.
"As the saying goes, 'My conquest(征途) is the sea of stars'," Guo said. "I hope someday the spaceflight will be as easy as taking a train or plane now."
1、How did Guo Shiyu prepare for his aerospace career in college
A.He devoted himself to it.
B.He took every detail seriously.
C.He worked hard with his teammates.
D.He equipped himself with professional knowledge.
2、What inspired Guo to take up his present career
A.His interest in aerospace. B.His safety production award.
C.The influence of aerospace staff. D.The achievements in space exploration.
3、What contributes significantly to Guo's achievements
A.His college education. B.His family tradition.
C.His teamwork with others. D.His position in the academy.
4、What can we infer from Guo's words in the last paragraph
A.He is satisfied with his contributions.
B.He is concerned about the spaceflight.
C.He is confident about his chosen career.
D.He is optimistic about China's aerospace industry.
二、七选五
5、 Maybe you're a young outstanding scientist wanting to have an influence on the world, or a more seasoned veteran of scientific study who is curious about how to get better at your job. Either way, there are several key steps to develop your ability to make positive contributions to the world.
Experiment with new ideas. An important part of scientific discovery is the result of hard work and luck. Luck has frequently played a large role in scientific discovery. ①_____ You never know when experimentation and luck will collide(碰撞) to create an important discovery.
Be open to failure. You may think a scientist should be smart, gifted, skilled in mathematics, and precise. ②_____ Being a scientist is 90% failure and 10% success.
Take charge of your ideas. Challenge yourself to come up with one idea related to your project a day. ③_____ As a scientist in a competitive field, you need to create your own opportunities by owning your ideas and working hard to develop them further.
Practice your writing skills. ④_____ Try to do a little writing every day, and put your ideas or thinking down on the page so you can get into the habit of recording your ideas, which could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your latest scientific theory.
⑤_____ Though hard work is necessary to be a good scientist, it's important to strike a balance between professional work and personal downtime. Don't let yourself get burnt out.
A.Keep a balance between hard work and rest.
B.So, don't be afraid to play around with new ideas.
C.You will do better work if you work with someone else.
D.Create a writing process that works for you and stick to it.
E.You should be open to the solutions made by others in the field.
F.Though some of them will be bad, many could lead to a new experiment or theory.
G.However, an important quality a good scientist should have is a willingness to fail.
三、完形填空（15空）
6、 Tim Ma's parents once opened a restaurant, which unfortunately closed. Ma's parents hoped he would become an engineer. They wanted financial security for their child. So Ma 1 studying electrical engineering in college.
But Ma wanted to 2 the restaurant business after he’d done several engineering jobs. It was in his blood. After all, his parents had owned a Chinese restaurant, so had his uncle. Because of their own 3 , his parents disapproved and asked Ma to think it over. Ma remained 4 , though. He was going to do things differently since he learned from the major 5 of his parents as restaurant owners — they knew little about cooking. So, at age 30 Ma 6 to school — a cooking school. He determined to study the fundamentals of cooking in order that he could work as a 7 in his own restaurant.
When his first restaurant Maple Ave opened, he cooked, and even 8 equipment because he had no repairman. Finally his long hours 9 . Ma opened his fourth restaurant Kyiersan. For Ma, Kyiersan is a 10 name. It comes from his old family name, Kyin, and the Chinese words for 1 - 3. The numbers 11 his three children. "And I simply 12 them all together and called it Kyiersan." He 13 his training in cooking with Chinese tradition to create new dishes. Part of Ma's success is due to the 14 menu and food. But a lot of it 15 comes from his hard work.
1.A.thought about B.gave up C.got through D.ended up
2.A.enter B.change C.quit D.reform
3.A.decision B.achievement C.failure D.dream
4.A.upset B.firm C.excited D.hesitant
5.A.challenge B.business C.mistake D.skill
6.A.adapted B.replied C.responded D.returned
7.A.chef B.baker C.manager D.waiter
8.A.purchased B.polished C.fixed D.checked
9.A.paid off B.worked out C.went up D.broke down
10.A.common B.special C.strange D.simple
11.A.emphasize B.fit C.attract D.represent
12.A.pushed B.collected C.classified D.linked
13.A.compares B.analyses C.equips D.mixes
14.A.traditional B.ordinary C.complex D.creative
15.A.never B.just C.yet D.even
四、语法填空
7、The boy who started work just after graduation was arranged as a teaching _____(assist).
8、Body language can give away a lot about your thoughts—for example, standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being _____(defend).
9、The story of the two young men is described _____(vivid) in this novel.
10、In the 1960s, a German scientist made a remarkable _____(find) when observing honeybees.
11、Mr. Johnson, what's your _____(think) on the question put forward at the meeting
12、It is a word with _____(multiply) meanings.
五、书面表达
13、假定你是李华,一名高中生,你校校园网站要招收英文网络编辑(network editor),请根据以下提示,用英语向外教主编Chris 申请这一职位。
1.关心时事(current affairs),对新闻工作(journalism)感兴趣;
2.有做校刊记者的工作经历;3.擅长英语,曾获英语写作竞赛一等奖。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
I'm Li Hua, a senior high school student.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,在大学里,郭世宇掌握了专业知识,为他的航空事业做准备。故选D。
2、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“he saw...Chang'e 1 make a smooth launch...Tiangong-1 took another step...made up my mind to work on space missions”可知是太空探索的成就鼓舞他从事了现在的职业。故选D。
3、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句以及倒数第二段的第一句可知,郭世宇出生在一个航空航天家庭,从比他先从事该行业的家人那里学会了细心和认真。因此家庭传统是他取得成就的重要因素。故选B。
4、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。在最后一段中,郭世宇说到,他的征途是星辰大海,他希望有一天太空飞行能像现在坐火车或飞机一样容易,由此可推断,他对中国的航空航天工业持乐观的态度。故选D。
5、答案：BGFDA
解析：①细节句。根据本段主旨句以及设空处上句可知,要尝试新想法,因为运气在科学发现中经常扮演重要角色,所以不要害怕尝试新的想法,我们不知道什么时候实验和运气会发生碰撞而产生重大发现。此处强调新想法的重要性,B项符合语境。
②过渡句。设空处上句提到“你可能认为科学家应该聪明、有天赋、擅长数学且一丝不苟”,设空处下句提到“当一名科学家,失败占90%,成功占10%”。G项“然而,一名优秀的科学家应该具备的一个重要品质是愿意失败”与上句构成转折关系,与下句存在顺承关系,承上启下,符合语境。
③细节句。根据设空处下句内容可知,作为竞争性领域的科学家,你需要通过拥有自己的想法并努力进一步发展它们来创造自己的机会,所以虽然我们每天提出来的想法中有一些是不好的,但许多可能会导致一个新的实验或理论。F项符合语境。
④细节句。根据本段主旨句可知,本段主要讲练习你的写作技巧,D项“创造一个适合自己的写作过程,并坚持下去”符合该段主旨,且下文的“Try to do a little writing every day”是该项中“stick to it”的具体体现。
⑤主旨句。根据2~5段开头语可知,设空处应是本段主旨句,应使用祈使句的形式。下文说到了虽然努力工作对成为一名优秀的科学家来说是必不可少的,但平衡好专业的工作和个人的休息是非常重要的,A项“保持努力工作和休息之间的平衡”符合本段主旨。
6、答案：1-5.DACBC; 6-10.DACAB; 11-15.DADDB
解析：1.根据第二段中的"after he'd done several engineering jobs"可知,Ma最终在大学里学习电气工程。
2.根据下文提到Ma开饭店的内容可知,此处表示他想从事餐饮行业。enter在此处意为"开始从事"。
3.根据文章开头提到的"Tim Ma's parents once opened a restaurant, which unfortunately closed"可知,Ma的父母曾经开过饭店,但是后来倒闭了。所以此处表示由于他们的失败(failure),他们不同意Ma的想法。
4.根据下文Ma从事餐饮行业并取得成功可知,Ma对自己的想法十分坚定(firm)。
5.根据下文中的"they knew little about cooking"可知,Ma的父母对烹饪知之甚少,所以他从父母的主要错误中吸取教训。
6.根据语境可知,在30岁那年,Ma回到学校,即烹任学校。
7.根据下文中的he cooked以及"He 13 his training in cooking with Chinese tradition to create new dishes"可知,Ma学习烹饪知识是为了在自己的饭店当厨师(chef)。
8.根据下文中的"because he had no repairman"可知,Ma甚至还自己维修设备。
9.根据下文提到的Ma开了第四家饭店可以看出,Ma长时间的付出终于得到了回报(paid off)。
10.根据下文对店名的由来的介绍可以看出,这个名字对于Ma而言是特别的(special)。
11.饭店的名字Kyiersan是他将原本的家族姓氏和数字1-3的中文拼音糅合在一起得来的。数字1—3代表(represent)他的三个孩子。
12.参见上题解析。
13.此处讲述的是Ma的烹饪方法,即他将在学校接受的培训与中国传统相结合。mix"(使)混合,掺和,融合"。
14.根据上文中的"create new dishes"可知,Ma的一部分成功在于店里创造性的(creative)菜单和食物。
15.尽管Ma的成功在于大胆创新,但是他大部分的成功只是因为努力工作。
7、答案：assistant
解析：考查名词。a teaching作as的宾语,由设空处前面的不定冠词a可知应用名词assistant。teaching assistant表示“助教”。5
8、答案：defensive
解析：考查形容词。根据设空处前面的you are being可知此处应用形容词作表语,defensive意为“自卫的”。此处表示双臂交叉着站立表明你在自我保护。
9、答案：vividly
解析：考查副词。设空处修饰过去分词described,应用副词vividly,表示“生动地”。
10、答案：finding
解析：考查名词。由设空处前的a German scientist(主语)和made(谓语)可知设空处作宾语,由前面的不定冠词a可知应填名词finding,意为“发现”。
11、答案：thinking
解析：考查名词。设空处前有形容词性物主代词your,故此处应用名词thinking,表示“见解”。
12、答案：multiple
解析：考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰复数名词meanings,故用形容词multiple,意为“多种多样的”。
13、答案：
Dear Chris,
I'm Li Hua, a senior high school student. Having read the advertisement that our website is looking for an English network editor, I'm writing to apply for this position.
First of all, not only am I enthusiastic about current affairs, but also I take a great interest in journalism. What's more, I worked as a reporter for our school newspaper last year, which will surely help me do the job better. More importantly, I have a good command of English. I won first prize in the English writing competition in our school.
I'm convinced that I am qualified for the job. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
