2024届南汇中学高三英语十月试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
It's harder to heal at night
Circadian rhythm, better known as our body clock, is the cycle that keeps us moving on. During a 24-hour cycle it helps (21) _________ (drive) multiple processes in the body, from hormone secretion and sleeping patterns to metabolism. And researchers at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge have discovered that this cycle can affect the healing of wounds such as cuts and burns.
Dr John O'Neill, the senior author of the study, said. "This is the first time that the circadian clock within individual skin cells (22) _________ (snow) to determine how effectively they respond to injuries."
The study found that, on average, burns that (23) _________ (occur) at night took 60 percent longer to heal than burns that happened during the body clock daytime cycle. Nighttime burns (sustained between 8 p.m. and 8 a.m.) healed around 28 days (24) _________ (late) when it was 17 days if a burn was sustained during the day (between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. ) The study drew these conclusions after (25) _________ (analyze) data from 118 patient records from all major burns units in England and Wales.
The reasoning behind the differences in healing time is due to (26) _________ long it takes for skin cells to move to the site of the wound and begin repairs, a process that occurs more quickly during the daytime. This is driven by increased activity of the protein within the cell, (27) _________ act like a muscle within the cell.
In a statement, Dr Ned Hoyle, the lead author of the study, said, "We've shown that the daily cycles in our body clock control how well cell repairs (28) _________ (damage) tissue by affecting an essential protein called actin. Efficient repair of our skin is critical to preventing infection, and (29) _________ healing goes wrong, wounds need more time to heal. Further research into the link (30) _________ body clocks and wound healing may help us to develop drugs that promote wound healing.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. capable B. controllable C. faint D. ideal E. landscape F. outpacing G. perceive H. physical I. promise J. scrub K. supporting
You'll Never Be Truly Alone
In the decades to come, a large number of home robots could make today's appliances seem interesting. The market for consumer and office robots is expected to develop quickly in the next three years, according to a 2015 report by Business Insider Intelligence, being greater than $1.5 billion and far (31) _________ the growth of robots in manufacturing.
We already have robots that clean the house, like the Roomba, but in the future we'll also have robot arms that can (32) _________ surfaces and bathe people, says Christopher Atkeson, a roboticist at Carnegie Mellon, whose lab has produced such machines. Eventually, robots will fold laundry and cook meals. And if they work well, you won't even notice them. The key to effective robots is "being (33) _________ of predicting what people will do," says Julie Shah, the head of the Interactive Robotics Group at MIT. "The idea is either (34) _________ people or staying out of their way."
That said, some people may want a robot that hangs around. In Japan, a friendly humanoid robot called Pepper that can (35) _________ and respond to human emotion has proved enormously popular since it went on sale two years ago. Pepper might turn out to be the (36) _________ roommate- helpful, kind, and always up for hanging out, but never in the way.
Perhaps the already (37) _________ line between online and offline life will disappear, and human relationships with intelligent machines will represent a new extension of our social (38) _________. Your in-hour robot could serve as an avatar（化身）for friends and family, (39) _________ from afar so that, with the help of robotic arms and legs, you could dance with or hug a loved one who is halfway around the planet. The real (40) _________ of -- or problem with -- the house of the future, then, might be that you'll never have to leave it. However, what the future house will be like still remains to be seen.
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
An idea whose time has come: the four-day workweek
The four-day workweek's moment has arrived. With California Congressman Mark Takano's introduction of legislation to reduce the standard workweek from 40 to 32 hours, awareness of a shorter workweek - and (41) _________ for it -- is gaining. And so is the skepticism（怀疑）around it.
Initial skepticism is a(n) (42) _________ response to a great change in how we think about work. American work culture has been defined by ideals of career as identity, workaholism and ambitions for continuous growth. It is not (43) _________ to free ourselves from the only reality we know.
And yet, if there were ever a right time, this is it. For so many, the muscles of adaptation have (44) _________ over the past two years with every challenge brought on by the pandemic and other global crises. The rapid, significant transition across industries to working from home provided evidence that we can (45) _________ quickly in response to changing conditions. Now , we have an opportunity to exercise these muscles to (46) _________ evolve from outdated conceptions of what work must look like.
Four-day workweek pilots are emerging across the globe, with some companies now shifting from the (47) _________ stage to implementing the policy permanently. Microsoft Japan, Unilever New Zealand and Kick-starter represent just a few of a growing number of organizations exploring the four-day workweek. (48) _________ political leaders are voicing support for the concept. Last year, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardem approved employers implementing a four-day workweek to help stimulate domestic tourism in response to industry downturn brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Advocates mention many (49) _________, including reduced burnout, improved physical and mental health, increased gender equity, and positive environment impacts. It is easy to imagine what we might do with an additional day -- spend time with family and friends, pursue a hobby, enroll in classes, sleep. Many in favor of the four-day workweek envision a more (50) _________ and rested community. Pilot findings show increased productivity as well. Among companies that have adopted a four-day week, nearly two-thirds report increased productivity.
Some leaders will see the research and be (51) _________ that a pilot in their organization is worthwhile. Other will resist the idea. What theories or beliefs are at the the root of their concerns Many leaders were taught that face-time with employees is the only way to ensure accountability, productivity and teamwork. Less face-time, which follows the four-day workweek model and work-from-home arrangements, can feel to some like (52) _________ control.
For leaders of organizations and teams, the shift to a four-day workweek requires re-imagining standard operating procedures, increasing innovation and, perhaps most importantly, trusting in (53) _________. Let employees work out the details rather than trying to "solve" the four-day workweek challenge (54) _________. Awin, a Berlin-based teach firm, saw 80 employees volunteer for task forces to ensure that their switch to a four-day workweek went smoothly. Those who are closest to the work and potential challenges are often closest to the (55) _________. The website www. also offers many resources to help companies design a four-day workweek pilot.
41. A. dislike B. substitution C. responsibility D. enthusiasm
42. A. delayed B. reasonable C. incorrect D. official
43. A. late B. practical C. easy D. impossible
44. A. loosen B. hurt C. strengthened D. trembled
45. A. withdraw B. fail C. defend D. adapt
46. A. intentionally B. traditionally C. incidentally D. hopelessly
47. A. center B. recovery C. design D. pilot
48. A. As a result B. What's more C. By contrast D. In fact
49. A. concerns B. assumptions C. threats D. benefits
50. A. isolated B. experienced C. fulfilled D. modernized
51. A. reminded B. convinced C. informed D. warned
52. A. a sense of B. a drain on C. a loss of D. a waste of
53. A. employees B. advocates C. campaigners D. leaders
54. A. from the scratch B. from the bottom up C. from the middle D. from the top down
55. A. risks B. procedures C. solutions D. resources
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Diplomacy is an art. It requires not only strategy, but also other aspects, including intuition, persuasion, and even tricks, human skills that have long been unreachable to even the most powerful artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Now, an AI algorithm（算法）from a high-tech company has shown it can beat many humans in a game of diplomacy, which required both strategic planning and negotiations with other players. The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators（调解员）.
AI has already beaten humans in some games of strategy. It is also proving powerful at natural-language processing, in which it can generate human-like text and carry on conversations. In the game of diplomacy, seven players vied for control of Europe. On each turn, players issued orders regarding the movement of army and naval units, following discussion with other players, whom they could attack or support.
There are two technical innovations noted by Jonathan Gratch, a computer scientist at the University of Southern California who studies negotiation agents. First, the AI agent's communication is grounded in multi-step planning. Second, the AI agent keeps its remarks and game play within the range of human common practices.
To test its skill, the researchers had the AI agent play 40 online games against humans. It placed in the top 10% of players who'd played at least two games. "In a game that involves language and negotiation, that agents can reach human equal level is very exciting," said Yu, a computer scientist at Columbia University.
According to Brown, a computer scientist at the company who co-authored the paper, the work could lead to practical application in fields that now require a human touch. One specific example is that virtual personal assistants might help consumers negotiate for better prices on plane tickets. Gratch and Yu both see opportunities for agents that persuade people to make healthy choices or open up during therapy.
56. Who is likely to benefit from the research work
A. A famous cyber athlete. B. A professor of civil law.
C. A virtual fitness instructor D. A professional accountant.
57. What does the underlined word "vied" mean in paragraph 2
A. Accounted B. Apologized. C. Searched. D. Competed
58. Why does the author mention AI agent
A. To understand the thought of AI. B. To illustrate the advantage of AI.
C. To describe the importance of AI. D. To introduce the strategy of AI.
59. What is the best title for the text
A. Diplomacy, a Popular Game B. An Excellent Game Player
C. AI Will Become a Perfect Diplomat D. AI Learns the Art of Diplomacy
(B)
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90 - 100 A: 80 - 89, B; 70 - 79, C; 60 - 69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work / In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
60. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
61. How many parts is a students' final grade made up of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
62. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
(C)
Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don't think they can attain.
While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it's a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen's interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced（引发）by Instagram.
Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I'm reluctant to defend Facebook, I'm not sure it's reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever watched a Netflix series a lot I assure you it wasn't a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn't go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be
While it's reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it is impossible to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you're already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage（自损）-- as many teens are -- you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn't a new phenomenon.
Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television show depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus（异口同声）of experts nothing the damage new media could cause young viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause -- one that's independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It's more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.
63. The author thinks the criticism against Instagram _________.
A. are successful attempts to change teens' interest in addictive apps
B. address the Instagram-induced mental pain
C. are only based on the data released by Facebook
D. are not directed at the fundamental problem
flix is mentioned to _________.
A. compare the criticisms against it and Facebook
B. defend why Facebook is to blame
C. suggest the critics' remarks are not to point
D. show Netflix does more harm to teens
65. The Instagram problem is essentially a "people problem" in that _________.
A. it is human nature to get addicted to social media
B. users decide on their experiences on social media
C. people have a tendency to feel insecure online
D. people are keen on fabricating their self-profile
66. What is the passage mainly about
A. The unprecedented criticism facing Facebook.
B. The alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide.
C. The root cause of Instagram-induced mental strains.
D. The harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Art is another area where forgery is decreasing due to the resulting profits. B. DNA could be used to expose fraud in the art world, too. C. If the technology continues to evolve, consumers could someday bring handheld bar coders to the table. D. Simple confusion might explain some of the differences, since fish species can be hard to tell apart. E. The DNA molecule is capable of storing vast amounts of data and can survive for thousands of years. F. To solve this problem, some scientists have suggested attaching a small plastic label full of DNA to works of art.
Authenticating Sushi ... and Picassos
A recent study of the seafood industry by Oceana, a conservation group, found that, nationwide, grocery stores mislabeled nearly one-fifth of all the fish they sold. Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time. ____67____ But some merchants seemed to substitute cheap fish like tilapia for more expensive fare on purpose.
DNA bar coding can help uncover such practices. By taking a bit of muscle from a fish and sequencing（测定序列）the DNA inside, scientists can quickly tell one species from another. Bar-coding technology is accessible enough that high-school students have used it to expose fraud（骗局）at restaurants. ____68____. And they can see for themselves whether they're dreally getting the blue-fin tuna they ordered.
_____69_____ Billions of dollars' worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger（制作赝品者）can fool even the most respected experts. ____70____ Rather than using the artist's own DNA -- which a thief could lift from clothes, rubbish, or hairs -- these labels would contain DNA from another creature, with pieces of synthetic DNA woven in. To authenticate the piece, scientists would take DNA from the label, sequence the synthetic hits, and consult a database. Only if the sequence matched the database record would the piece be pronounced genuine.
第II卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Vertical farming isn't actually a very new concept. The idea has existed since at least the 1950s. However, it was only recently that we began to seriously explore the idea, and put it forward as a solution to the world food crisis.
So what has vertical farming got going for it At present, over 80 per cent of the world's land that is suitable for farming is already being used. In order to grow enough food to feed the nine billion people that will be living on our planet in the middle of the 21st century, we'll need TEN million more square kilometres of land -- that's an area 20 per cent bigger than Brazil!
The buildings used for vertical farming won't take up much space because they are tall -- they're skyscrapers. They can be built in the middle of cities, where all the people are. The food would be on people's doorsteps, almost literally, so transport costs are minimal. That's great for helping to combat global warming and climate change.
Another advantage is that all food could be grown organically. The crops would need less water than traditional ones because all the water is recycled. All the nutrients are recycled too. The only thing that actually leaves the building is the produce, the food.
Vertical farming would create jobs too. Imagine the small businesses that would spring up around these farms -- for packaging, distribution, catering, and so on -- they would employ thousands of people.
Where is it likely to happen Who will benefit most from it First and foremost, countries that don't have agriculture: cold countries, like Greenland and Iceland, and hot, desert countries, like Saudi Arabia. You would have sealed buildings in these places with an artificial climate -- artificially warm in Iceland, artificially cool in a hot country.
The social benefits are amazing and everybody gets good, healthy food. People have reacted really well to this idea -- I think the idea is about to develop into reality.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 书展的门票只能提前一天在网上购买。(available)
73. 你大老远跑去超市买方便面有意义吗？(sense)
74. 在新闻发布会上，发言人明确表示他发表的评论媒体不得断章取义，以免造成误解。(It)
75. 这部国庆档电影明星云集，情节曲折，制作精良，实现了票房与口碑的双丰收。(release)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Mike的邮件，其中提到因为父母工作原因，他们举家搬迁，他也转学到了一所新的学校，但是他因为换了一个环境感到不大适应。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：
1. 分析导致他不适应的原因；
2. 给他提出提议。
21. drive 22. has been shown 23. occurred 24. later 25. analyzing
26. how 27. which 28. damaged 29. if 30. between
31. F 32. J 33. A 34. K 35 G 36. D 37. C 38. E 39. B 40. I
41-45DBCCD 46-50 ADBDC 51-55BCADCC
(A) 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. D
(B) 60. C 61. B 62. A
(C) 63. D 64. C 65. B 66. C
(D)67. D 68. C 69. B 70. F
72. Tickets for the book exhibition are available online only one day in advance.
73. Does it make sense for you to go to the supermarket that is for noodles
74. At the press conference, the spokesman/speaker made it clear that his comments should not be taken out of context by the media in order to avoid misunderstanding / so as not to cause misunderstanding/ in case of misunderstanding.
75. The film released during the National Day holiday, with / featuring a large number of stars, a complicated plot and excellent production, achieved success both in the box office and reviews.
