Unit 1 Wise men in history
单元话题阅读理解练习
（2023·广东深圳 · 校考二模）Do you know a book named Tiangong Kaiwu It is one of the greatest books
written in Chinese. But how many things do you know about its writer, Song Yingxing
Song Yingxing was an excellent scientist during the late Ming Dynasty (朝代). He was born in a common family in 1587 and had a happy childhood. He and his older brother Song Yingsheng went to school together. Song Yingxing won the third place and his brother won the sixth in the Imperial Exams ( 科举考试) in their
province. Later, Song Yingxing and his brother took the national Imperial Exams, but they both failed.
Song Yingxing worked as a teacher for many years. Meanwhile (同时), he took the national Imperial Exam for another four times. Unluckily, he never achieved success. On his many trips to the capital to take the exams, however, he learned about many different technologies in lots of fields which helped him create Tiangong Kaiwu in 1637. The name of this Chinese book means that humans make good use of the wealth of nature with the help of technologies. The book covers more than 130 kinds of agricultural ( 农业 的) and manufacturing ( 制造业) technologies. There are also many pictures in it to help people understand the text. The book became popular soon
after it was printed.
The Ming Dynasty fell in 1644. Song Yingxing and his brother refused to serve the new Qing government and gave up their jobs. Song Yingxing lived a poor life until the day he died. However, the great book he wrote
has influenced the world.
1 ．How does the writer start the passage
A ．By telling stories. B ．By asking questions.
C ．By giving examples. D ．By comparing two facts.
2 ．When was Song Yingxing born
A ．In 1550. B ．In 1587. C ．In 1630. D ．In 1644.
3 ．How many times did Song Yingxing take the national Imperial Exam in total
A ．Three times. B ．Four times. C ．Five times. D ．Six times.
4 ．Who may show more interest in Tangong Kaiwu according to the passage
A ．Officials and doctors. B ．Farmers and engineers.
C ．Doctors and farmers. D ．Officials and teachers.
5 ．Why did Song Yingxing and his brother give up their jobs during the Qing Dynasty
A ．Because they felt bored about their work.
B ．Because they didn’t have the ability to do their jobs well.
C ．Because they didn’t want to work for the new Qing government.
D ．Because the money from work wasn’t enough to support their family.
（2023·四川眉山 · 统考模拟预测）The Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period was an age of
great culture development in China. Here are some great characters of that time.
Shang Yang reformed (改革) many fields. Before the reform, he placed a log (原木) at the gate and promised, “If someone can move the log, he will get a prize.” No one believed him until someone moved the log, Shang Yang really gave him a prize.
Do you know Lu Ban lock It is a removable (可拆卸的) toy. Lu Ban made it for his son. His son studied all night before opening it. He also invented many tools and weapons (武器).
Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people.
Once, an officer fell unconscious (昏迷的). Everyone thought he was dead except Bian Que. Bian Que felt his weak pulse (脉搏) and said. “He will wake up in three days.” Two days later, the officer woke up. Everyone was amazed.
When Bo Ya played, even the horses looked up, listened to his music and stopped eating. Bo Ya’s friend, Zhong Ziqi, understood his music. They liked each other. After Ziqi died, Bo Ya broke his guqin and never played it any more.
6 ．Why did Shang Yang make a promise before the reform
A ．To give people a prize.
B ．To sell the log at the market.
C ．To fix the gate of the building.
D ．To make people believe him.
7 ．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A ．Lu Ban was an ancient inventor.
B ．Zhong Ziqi was good at playing guqin.
C ．Li Bing was an expert in building houses.
D ．Bian Que once made a dead person back to life.
8 ．What’s the main topic of the article above
A ．Chinese medicine. B ．Famous people.
C ．Traditional music. D ．Important inventions.
（2022 秋 · 广东东莞 · 九年级东莞市东华初级中学校考阶段练习）As we know, China is a great country with a long history. During the time, lots of great heroes appeared and changed the world. Now let’s learn some
information about them.
Confucius 551 BC-479 BC was a teacher, politician( 政 治 家 ) and philosopher(哲学家) of Chinese history. He traveled a lot and formed his thoughts. He thought the elders should be respected by their children. One of his sayings is “Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself”. His sayings are still popular today.
Cai Lun 48-121 is considered as the inventor of paper. Paper-making is considered to be one of the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China. The king of the Han Dynasty ordered him to introduce his invention to others. Soon, paper was popular and was loved by many people all over the world.
Qin Shi Huang 259 BC-210 BC was one of the greatest kings and politicians in China. He made China first become a unified country and he ruled as the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty from 220 BC to 210 BC ．During the time, he ordered his soldiers to build the wonderful and huge memorial tomb(陵墓) for himself.
Mao Zedong1893-1976 was the founder of the People’s Republic of China. He ruled as the Chairman of China from its setting up in 1949 until his death in 1976. He is regarded as one of the most important persons in modern world history. He is also known as a politician, military strategist(军事家) and poet.
9 ．Confucius died at the age of .
A ．70 B ．72 C ．49 D ．63
10 ．What did Qin Shi Huang do when he ruled according to the passage
A ．He said many famous sayings to his people.
B ．He invented something for his people.
C ．He asked his soldiers to set up the memorial tomb for himself.
D ．He damaged many memorial tombs.
11 ．According to the passage, the following heroes were politicians EXCEPT .
A ．Confucius
B ．Cai Lun
C ．Qin Shi Huang
D ．Mao Zedong
12 ．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A ．Confucius thought the young should be respected by the old.
B ．Cai Lun was an inventor who lived in the Tang Dynasty.
C ．Qin Shi Huang founded the Qin Dynasty in 210 BC .
D ．Mao Zedong was a poet and military strategist.
13 ．This passage is most probably from .
A ．a travel guide
B ．a news website
C ．a history book
D ．a fashion magazine
（2023·湖北武汉 · 统考中考真题）
Dinosaur (恐龙) Prints Discovered A diner eating in a restaurant’s outdoor yard, in Sichuan Province, has discovered dinosaur footprints on the ground. After using a 3D scanner (扫描仪), scientists made sure that the footprints are 100 million years old. They belonged to two dinosaurs with long necks and tails.
Marley and Bob say they became interested in archaeology (考古学) from studying history at school, going to museums and watching Human Histories! They also go to the Young Archaeologists’ Club and they do digs at archaeological sites ( 地 点 ) and carefully research their finds. “You never know what you might discover, and it is a fascinating way to
uncover old remains on a real dig. It makes me really happy,” says Bob.
Students Find Ancient Mural A group of student archaeologists have unearthed a 1,000-year-old mural (wall painting). The 30-meter mural shows mysterious scenes, which could reflect what the life was like in ancient Peru. Professor Luis says, “The discovery is the most exciting and important find of recent years.”
14 ．In which section of the newspaper can we read the news
A ．BUSINESS. B ．TRAVEL. C ．HISTORY. D ．ART.
15 ．Those dinosaur prints were found .
A ．through a scanner B ．by scientists
C ．millions of years ago D ．during a meal
16 ．The best heading for the second piece of news would be .
A ．Come to Our Club B ．Dig and Discover the World
C ．Find Out Your Hobby D ．Study Human Histories
17 ．Professor Luis finds the mural very valuable mainly because .
A ．it’s connected to ancient society B ．it shows the birth of the mural
C ．it’s the world’s earliest wall painting D ．it has a very large size
18 ．All the news above .
A ．reports new archaeological finds
B ．tells ancestors’ stories
C ．describes the history events
D ．says hello to the past
（2022 春 · 广东广州 · 九年级校考阶段练习）Who “discovered” America And who managed the first
successful sail around the world in history
Well, our textbooks have the answers: they are Italian sailor Christopher Columbus and Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan.
However, China’s great explorer, Zheng He（1371-1435） , may well have beaten the European explorers and sailed around the world first. The life and achievements of the great sailor are shown in a 59-episode TV
drama.
Zheng was an officer of the Ming Dynasty’s Yongle Emperor. In 1405, the emperor asked Zheng to visit the
“Western Seas”, which referred to the seas and lands west of the South China Sea.
Zheng traveled with 62 ships filled with silk, porcelain and 27, 800 men. The biggest ship was 126 meters long and could take the weight of 7. 000 tons. In the following 28 years, Zheng made another six successful
journeys. He visited over 30 countries.
Since most of the records of Zheng’s voyages have been lost many historians（历史学家）believe Zheng’s achievements have been underestimated（低估） . British writer Gavin Menzies, who spent 14 researching the movements of the Chinese fleet, explained it was Zheng who first sailed around the world, in his book, 1421, The
Year China Discovered America.
While Menzies was doing the research, he said he was shown a map, dated 1459, which included southern Africa and the Cape of Good Hope. Yet the Cape was not “discovered” by da Gama until 1497. On the map was a
note about a voyage round the Cape in 1420——and a picture of a Chinese ship.
“What nobody has explained is why the European explorers had maps. Who drew the maps ” he asks in his book. “There are millions of square miles of ocean. It required huge fleets to chart them. If you say it wasn’t the
Chinese, then who was it ”
19 ．What did Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan and Zheng He have in common
A ．They were all great explorers.
B ．They were born in the same period.
C ．They were all the officers of the Ming Dynasty.
D ．Their life and achievement were featured on CCTV 8.
20 ．What did Menzies find while he was doing the research
①He saw a map with southern Africa and the Cape of Good Hope.
②Records of Zheng’s voyage have been lost.
③The European explorers had maps before exploration.
④The map was dated in 1459.
⑤A picture of a Chinese ship on the map.
A . ①②③⑤ B . ①③④⑤ C . ①②③④ D . ②③④⑤
21 ．From the last paragraph, we can infer（推断） that .
A ．the European explorers drew the map
B ．the European explorers gave their maps to the Chinese
C ．the huge European fleets charted the map
D ．the Chinese are most likely to discover America
22 ．What would be the best title for the text
A ．Great European Explorers B ．Successful Journey
C ．Who Discovered America D ．A Research on Western Seas
（2023 秋 · 广东茂名 · 九年级校联考阶段练习）Li Shizhen was one of the most famous doctors in Chinese
history. He was born in Qichun, Hubei in 1518.
Both of Li Shizhen’s father and grandfather were doctors. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a country doctor who travelled in the countryside with a bag of herbs (药草) and medications and cured (治愈) people. His father
was a doctor who wrote several books.
Li Shizhen used to help his father in his medical practice when he was young. Li Shizhen’s father wanted him to enter politics (从政). Li Shizhen studied for the exams and passed the country-level examination, but he
was never able to pass the imperial examination (科举考试).
When he was 38, he cured the son of the Prince of Chu. The son of the Prince of Chu got well and Li was invited to be an official in that court ( 宫廷). A few years later, he became an official at the Imperial Medical
Institute.
Even though he fulfilled his father’s dream, he didn’t want to continue working for the court. One year later,
he left the court and returned to be a doctor again.
Li Shizhen was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲目》). He spent 27 years writing the book. Unluckily, Li Shizhen died before the book was officially published. It is such a successful
book. Now it is still one of the most important medical books in China.
23 ．What was Li Shizhen’s grandfather
A ．An official.
B ．A prince.
C ．A country doctor.
D ．A writer.
24 ．What did Li Shizhen’s father want Li Shizhen to do
A ．To be a doctor.
B ．To write a book.
C ．To be a prince.
D ．To enter politics.
25 ．What does the underlined word “cure” mean
A ．Make someone with an empty stomache full.
B ．Make someone with an illness healthy again.
C ．Make someone happy again.
D ．Show people without parents love and care
26 ．According to the passage, what was Li Shizhen famous for
A ．Working for the court.
B ．The book, Compendium of Materia Medica.
C ．His long travelling.
D ．Curing a lot of people.
27 ．What does the passage mainly talk about
A ．Li Shizhen’s life.
B ．Li Shizhen’s grandfathers life.
C ．Li Shizhen’s father’s life.
D ．Li Shizhen’s book.
（2023·江苏南京 · 统考二模）
During the Spring and Autumn period of the ancient China, there was a musician named Yu Boya. He was skilled in playing the guqin. However, he always felt that he didn’t have the highest level, so he decided to take a boat trip to Penglai Island in the East China Sea. There, Yu Boya saw the surging waves（汹涌的波涛）hitting the rocks, and the seabirds flying up and down and singing happily and loudly. At that moment, a creative idea went through his mind. He managed to use the guqin to bring the beauty of nature and the touching sounds of the music together. Unluckily, no one could understand and appreciate（欣赏）what the music was about. He felt very
lonely with a great pity as a result.
One day, Yu Boya saw an old woodcutter listening to his music carefully on the seaside and then asked him
to get in his boat. He played the music about the high mountain. The woodcutter described a picture of Mountain
Tai in his mind. When Yu Boya played another piece of music to show the surging waves, the woodcutter seemed to watch a wild and broad sea without boundaries. Yu Boya screamed excitedly, “My dear friend, Zhong Ziqi, you are the only confidant（知己）that understands me and my works!”A few years later, Zhong Ziqi passed away. Yu
Boya cut off all the strings（琴弦） and stopped playing the guqin after he heard the news.
There are too few close friends as Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi did in the world. Yu Rang, a famous writer in the Warring States period, once said, “A true man is ready to die for those who know the value of him.” Su Shi, another famous writer in the Song dynasty, found no one could understand him in his difficult times, describing himself as a lonely wild bird on a wasted sand island. It means he preferred to live alone if he couldn’t find any confidant. Being a confidant has nothing to do with age, distance as well as wealth. He is the one who is always willing to share your joy and sadness. In some ways, a confidant can understand your every act and read your hidden meanings. Whether old or young, a confidant is hard to find. Everyone will never feel sorry for himself if
he has a confidant in his life!
28 ．Yu Boya went on his trip to Penglai Island mainly to .
A ．find his close friend B ．improve musical skills
C ．watch seabirds flying D ．enjoy the natural beauty
29 ．Why did Yu Boya feel lonely in Paragraph 1
A ．Because he failed to meet the person who understood him and his works.
B ．Because he heard the death of Zhong Ziqi and stopped playing the guqin.
C ．Because he was unable to find a confidant who played the guqin together.
D ．Because he had difficulty using the guqin to show his feelings to the world.
30 ．What’s the correct order of the following events about Yu Boya
a. He met Zhong Ziqi on the seaside.
b. He didn’t play the guqin any more.
c. He went on a trip to Penglai Island.
d. He felt very sad about the loss of Zhong Ziqi.
e. He found no one able to understand his music.
A ．a-b-c-d-e B ．a-c-d-e-b C ．c-a-e-b-d D ．c-e-a-d-b
31 ．In the passage, the writer shows his opinions by .
A ．showing time B ．making up some stories
C ．giving examples D ．showing causes and results
32 ．According to the passage, the writer supports that .
A ．a friend in need is a friend indeed B ．a friend to everybody is a friend to nobody
C ．a life without a friend is a life without a sun D ．a life filled with music is attractive to everyone
（2023·湖北襄阳 · 统考一模）The ancient capital Xi’an in Northwest China’s Shaanxi Province has just held the National Games. As the capital of 13 dynasties throughout Chinese history, the ancient city has never been far from sports. Starting from the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC—771 BC) to the Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907
AD), the city had held many sports events.
Cuju (蹴鞠) was an ancient Chinese competitive game involving (涉及) kicking a ball through an opening into a net. As the ancestor of soccer, it first appeared in the ancient Chinese historical work Zhan Guo Ce, which
describes cuju as a form of entertainment(娱乐) among the common people.
Later, cuju was commonly played in the army for training, during the Han Dynasty (202 BC—220 AD). Emperor Hangaozu Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was a cuju fan. He not only liked watching cuju games, but always tried his footwork on the field. Liu Che, emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who
was crazy about cuju, would build a cuju field wherever his army went. He used cuju as a way of training soldiers.
Up to the Tang Dynasty, women cuju players were very popular in the royal court ( 皇 宫) ，as emperors enjoyed watching cuju games. At that time, different kinds of skills were widely used in playing cuju, mainly
serving as a form of entertainment.
As a way of national culture protection, cuju was listed into China’s intangible cultural heritages (非物质文
化遗产) in 2006.
33 ．Which dynasty built its capital in Xi’an for the first time
A ．The Western Zhou Dynasty B ．The Tang Dynasty
C ．The Han Dynasty D ．The Western Han Dynasty
34 ．Which of the following is true
A ．Zhan Guo Ce shows that cuju was an ancient Chinese sport which was popular.
B ．Most of the emperors of the Han Dynasty were crazy about cuju.
C ．Women in the Tang Dynasty were trained to join in the army.
D ．Cuju isn’t China’s intangible cultural heritage now.
35 ．Where can we find this passage
A ．In an art magazine. B ．In a sports magazine
C ．In a music book. D ．In a guidebook.
（2023·山西晋中 · 统考一模）Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But
it was also a time when there were many great influential philosophers(哲学家).
Confucius(551 BC—479 BC) was the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than
2000 years.
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius Mencius was born in 372 BC ． He became a student of Confucius’s ideas. He travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the ruler was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it
treated people badly.
Mozi was another teacher who also influenced China a lot. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.
He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC .
36 ．Who influenced Chinese society most
A ．Confucius. B ．Mencius. C ．Mozi.
37 ．What might the underlined word “principles” mean
A ．Truth. B ．Belief. C ．Ability.
38 ．Why did Mencius think the government should treat people nicely
A ．He thought that the weaker people need love and care.
B ．He thought that the ruler and people are equal in a state.
C ．He thought that people would be good if the ruler was kind.
39 ．Which of the following is true about Mozi
A ．He loved peace.
B ．He was famous for Mohism.
C ．He has the same ideas as Confucius.
40 ．What can we know about the three philosophers from the passage
A ．They had great influence on Chinese society.
B ．They learned from each other to improve their teachings.
C ．They tried their best to stop wars between states.
参考答案：
1 ．B 2 ．B 3 ．C 4 ．B 5 ．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了明朝著名科学家宋应星的生平及他的著作《天工开物》的相关情况。
1 ．细节理解题。根据“Do you know a book named Tiangong Kaiwu It is one of the greatest books written in Chinese. But how many things do you know about its writer, Song Yingxing ”可知，作者是以问问题的方式开
始本文的。故选 B。
2 ．细节理解题。根据“He was born in a common family in 1587”可知，宋应星出生在 1587 年。故选 B。
3 ．细节理解题。根据“Later, Song Yingxing and his brother took the national Imperial Exams”及“he took the
national Imperial Exam for another four times.”可知，宋应星一共参加了五次国家科举考试。故选 C。
4．推理判断题。根据“The book covers more than 130 kinds of agricultural (农业的) and manufacturing (制造业)
technologies.”可知，这本书是关于农业和制造业的技术，因此农民和工程师可能对其感兴趣。故选 B。
5．细节理解题。根据“Song Yingxing and his brother refused to serve the new Qing government and gave up their
jobs.”可知，宋应星和他的哥哥拒绝为新的清政府服务，所以放弃了他们的工作。故选 C。
6 ．D 7 ．A 8 ．B
【导语】本文介绍了春秋战国时期的几位著名人物。
6．推理判断题。根据“Before the reform, he placed a log (原木) at the gate and promised…Shang Yang really gave him a prize”可知，商鞅要进行变法改革，势必要先行获取民众的信任，在变法之前他将许下的奖赏兑现，
成功取得了民众的信任。故选 D。
7 ．推理判断题。根据“Do you know Lu Ban lock …He also invented many tools and weapons ”可知，鲁班发
明了鲁班锁，还发明了许多工具和武器，故可推知他是一位古代的发明家。故选 A。
8 ．主旨大意题。根据“Here are some great characters of that time.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了商鞅、鲁班、
李冰、扁鹊、伯牙和钟子期几位著名的春秋战国时期的人物。故选 B。
9 ．B 10 ．C 11 ．B 12 ．D 13 ．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了孔子、蔡伦、秦始皇和毛泽东的信息。
9 ．细节理解题。根据表格第一栏的“Confucius 551 BC-479 BC was a teacher, politician(政治家) and
philosopher(哲学家) of Chinese history.”可知孔子逝世于公元前 479 年，享年 72 岁。故选 B。
10 ．细节理解题。根据表格第三栏的“ During the time, he ordered his soldiers to build the wonderful and huge
memorial tomb(陵墓) for himself.”可知，秦始皇统治时，他要求他的士兵为自己建一座陵墓。故选 C。
11 ．细节判断题。根据表格第二栏的“Cai Lun 48-121 is considered as the inventor of paper.”可知，蔡伦不是
政治家，是发明家。故选 B。
12 ．细节理解题。根据表格最后一栏的“He is also known as a politician, military strategist(军事家) and poet.”
可知，毛泽东是一位诗人和军事战略家。故选 D。
13．推理判断题。根据文章开头的“As we know, China is a great country with a long history. During the time, lots of great heroes appeared and changed the world. Now let’s learn some information about them.”和表格内容可知，
本文主要介绍了中国四位历史人物的信息，很可能出自一本历史书。故选 C。
14 ．C 15 ．D 16 ．B 17 ．A 18 ．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了三个有关考古的新闻。
14 ．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了三个有关考古的新闻，故文章可能出现在报纸的历史版面。故选 C。
15．细节理解题。根据“A diner eating in a restaurant’s outdoor yard, in Sichuan Province, has discovered dinosaur
footprints on the ground”可知四川省一家餐馆的户外院子里， 一名食客在地上发现了恐龙脚印。故选 D。
16．最佳标题题。通读全段内容可知， 本段主要介绍了在挖掘中发现旧遗骸的快乐， 故以选项 B“挖掘并发
现世界”为标题最合适。故选 B。
17．细节理解题。根据“The 30-meter mural shows mysterious scenes, which could reflect what the life was like in ancient Peru”可知这幅 30 米长的壁画展示了神秘的场景， 可以反映出古代秘鲁的生活， 所以它非常有价值。
故选 A。
18．推理判断题。根据“scientists made sure that the footprints are 100 million years old”“it is a fascinating way to uncover old remains”以及“reflect what the life was like in ancient Peru”可知这三个新闻都和考古有关， 它们都
和过去的事物有关。故选 D。
19 ．A 20 ．B 21 ．D 22 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探究了谁最先发现了美洲。
19 ．细节理解题。根据“Italian sailor Christopher Columbus and Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.”和
“However, China’s great explorer, Zheng He（1371-1435）, may well have beaten the European explorers and
sailed around the world first.”可知，克里斯托弗 · 哥伦布、费迪南德 · 麦哲伦和郑和都是探险家。故选 A。
20 ．细节理解题。根据“While Menzies was doing the research, he said he was shown a map, dated 1459, which included southern Africa and the Cape of Good Hope.”可知，孟席斯在做这项研究时说，他看到了一张 1459
年的地图，其中包括非洲南部和好望角，所以选项①和④正确；根据“Yet the Cape was not “discovered” by
da Gama until 1497. On the map was a note about a voyage round the Cape in 1420——and a picture of a
Chinese ship.”可知，达伽马直到 1497 年才“发现” 了海角。地图上有一张 1420 年绕海岬航行的纸条，还有
一张中国船只的照片，所以选项选项③和⑤正确，故选 B。
21．推理判断题。根据“‘What nobody has explained is why the European explorers had maps. Who drew the maps ’
he asks in his book. ‘There are millions of square miles of ocean. It required huge fleets to chart them. If you say
it wasn’t the Chinese, then who was it ’”可知，孟席斯认为欧洲探险家的地图是中国人画的，所以很可能是
中国发现的美洲，故选 D。
22 ．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要探究了谁最先发现了美洲。选项 C“谁发现了美洲”符合题意，
故选 C。
23 ．C 24 ．D 25 ．B 26 ．B 27 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了李时珍的家庭背景、从医经历以及他的著作《本草纲目》。
23 ．细节理解题。根据“Both of Li Shizhen’s father and grandfather were doctors.”可知他的祖父是一名医生。
故选 C。
24 ．细节理解题。根据“Li Shizhen’s father wanted him to enter politics”可知李时珍的父亲想要他从政。故选
D。
25．词义猜测题。根据“The son of the Prince of Chu got well and Li was invited to be an official in that court”可 知，把他治好了，所以他康复了，故划线部分与“Make someone with an illness healthy again 让生病的人恢
复健康”词义相近。故选 B。
26 ．细节理解题。根据“Li Shizhen was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica”可知李时珍是因
他的《本草纲目》而著名。故选 B。
27 ．主旨大意题。本文是一篇人物传记， 主要介绍了李时珍的家庭背景、从医经历以及他的著作《本草纲
目》。选项 A“李时珍的生活”符合主题。故选 A。
28 ．B 29 ．A 30 ．D 31 ．C 32 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文， 文章主要讲述了俞伯牙和钟子期两人因为音乐终成知音的故事， 表达了知音
难觅以及知音对于一个人的重要性。
28．细节理解题。根据“However, he always felt that he didn’t have the highest level, so he decided to take a boat trip to Penglai Island in the East China Sea.”可知伯牙去蓬莱岛主要是为了精进自己音乐方面的才能。故选 B。 29．细节理解题。根据“Unluckily, no one could understand and appreciate（欣赏） what the music was about. He
felt very lonely with a great pity as a result.”可知伯牙深感孤独的原因是无人能够欣赏他的音乐。故选 A。
30 ．细节理解题。根据“...so he decided to take a boat trip to Penglai Island...Unluckily, no one could understand
and appreciate what the music was about...One day, Yu Boya saw an old woodcutter listening to his music
carefully on the seaside...A few years later, Zhong Ziqi passed away. Yu Boya cut off all the strings（琴弦） and stopped playing the guqin after he heard the news.”可知伯牙先是去蓬莱岛精进自己的音乐才能，回来后发现 无人能欣赏自己的音乐， 为此深感孤独。后来在海边遇到了钟子期， 子期非常喜欢伯牙的音乐， 两人也因
此成为了知音，在子期死后，伯牙悲伤不已并砍断了古琴，此后再不弹琴。故选 D。
31 ．细节理解题。根据“There are too few close friends as Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi did in the world. Yu Rang, a famous writer in the Warring States period...Su Shi, another famous writer in the Song dynasty...”可知作者是通
过举例子来表达自己的观点。故选 C。
32 ．推理判断题。根据“He is the one who is always willing to share your joy and sadness. In some ways, a
confidant can understand your every act and read your hidden meanings...Everyone will never feel sorry for
himself if he has a confidant in his life!”可知作者认为知音对于一个人来说十分重要，推测作者会认同“人生
没有朋友就如人生失去阳光一般” 。故选 C。
33 ．A 34 ．A 35 ．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了被列入中国非物质文化遗产名录的蹴鞠的起源和发展。
33．细节理解题。根据“As the capital of 13 dynasties throughout Chinese history, the ancient city has never been
far from sports. Starting from the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC—771 BC) to the Tang Dynasty (618
AD—907 AD), the city had held many sports events.” （作为中国历史上 13 个朝代的都城， 从西周到唐朝， 这
座城市举办了许多体育赛事）可知，是始于西周，故选 A。
34．细节理解题。根据“As the ancestor of soccer, it first appeared in the ancient Chinese historical work Zhan Guo Ce, which describes cuju as a form of entertainment(娱乐) among the common people.”可知，蹴鞠是普通人之间
的一种娱乐形式，说明当时很流行，故选 A。
35 ．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了被列入中国非物质文化遗产名录的蹴鞠的起源和发展， 蹴鞠属于一种运
动，所以可能出现在体育杂志中，故选 B。
36 ．A 37 ．B 38 ．C 39 ．A 40 ．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代三位哲学家孔子、孟子和墨子以及他们的哲学思想。
36 ．细节理解题。根据“Confucius(551 BC—479 BC) was the philosopher whose influence has been the
greatest.”可知，对中国社会影响最大的是孔子。故选 A。
37 ．词义猜测题。根据“He became a student of Confucius’s ideas. He travelled from state to state, teaching the
principles of Confucius.”可知，他是孔子的学生， 他周游列国是为了传授孔子思想， 因此划线单词与 belief“信
仰”近义。故选 B。
38 ．细节理解题。根据“He taught that if the ruler was kind, then people would be good.”可知，他认为政府应
该善待国民是因为他认为如果统治者善良，人民就会很好。故选 C。
39 ．推理判断题。根据“He hated the idea of war.”可知，他讨厌战争，说明他爱好和平。故选 A。
40 ．推理判断题。根据“But it was also a time when there were many great influential philosophers”及全文可知，
本文主要介绍的是三位有影响力的哲学家。故选 A。
