【原创】2024年高中英语基础素质提升
外刊时文改编语法填空（2）
Sleeping less than five hours a night can raise depression risk, study suggests
Consistently short sleep duration more likely to precede symptoms than inverse, genetic data reveal
Sleeping less 1 five hours a night could raise the risk of developing symptoms of depression, research 2 （suggest）.
The link 3 poor sleep and mental ill health is well known, but it has been unclear 4 problem tends to come first. Now scientists have found evidence that consistent short sleep at night can be a precursor to developing
5 （depress） symptoms.
“We have this chicken or egg scenario between suboptimal sleep duration and depression. They frequently co-occur, but which comes first is largely 6 （resolve）. Using genetic 7 （suspect） to disease we determined that sleep likely 8 （precede） depressive symptoms, rather than the inverse,” said Odessa Hamilton, a PhD candidate at UCL and first author of the research.
The researchers looked 9 genetic and health data from 7,146 people recruited by the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Both sleep duration and depression are partly 10 （inherit）. Earlier research shows that depression is about 35% heritable, and that genetic differences account
11 40% of the variance in sleep duration.
When the study’s subjects 12 （track） over time, researchers found that people who were genetically predisposed（有倾向的）to short sleep (less than five hours a night) were more likely 13 （develop）depressive symptoms 14 four to 12 years, 15 that people more genetically predisposed to depression were not more likely to suffer from problems sleeping.
Overall, the 16 （participate）in the study had 17 average of seven hours’ sleep a night. More than 10% slept for less than five hours a night at the start of the study period, rising to more than 15% 18 the end of the study period, and the proportion of participants classed as having depressive symptoms increased 19 around 9% to 11%.
People sleeping five hours or less were 2.5 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms, while people 20 depressive symptoms were a
21 （three） more likely to suffer from short sleep.
The findings might present a 22 （gloom）outlook for those already struggling with sleep disturbances. However, Hamilton said that poor sleep or depression should not be viewed as 23 （evitable） outcomes and that the findings 24 （underline） the importance of sleep for good mental health.
“My advice would be to 25 （prior）sleep and to avoid sleep procrastination. There’s this common saying in genetics that genes load the gun and environment pulls the trigger. You might be genetically predisposed to this, but you can take steps to mitigate（减少，缓解） the risk.”
【参考答案与部分解析】
than
suggests（解析：研究表明，固定搭配：research suggests）
between
which
depressive
unresolved
susceptibility（解析：此处表达意思为“基因的易感性”，所以要将该处的suspect改为susceptibility）
precedes
at
inherited（解析：be inherited表示遗传的，此处用inherit过去分词形式）
for（解析：account for占比）
were tracked
to develop（解析：be likely to do表示很有可能做某事）
for（解析：for four表示持续四年的时间）
but（解析：前后表意不一致有转折，故用but）
participants
an
at（解析：at the end of在...结束之时）
from
with（有抑郁症症状的人群，用with表示复合结构）
third（基数词＋序数词，表示几分之几，这里表示三分之一，所以写成a third或者one third）
gloomy
inevitable（不可避免的，变否定形式）
underlined
prioritise（形容词动词化，把...置于第一优先权）
【总结·常用的句型与搭配·背诵！在健康类时文里面相同主题还是会出现的！】
1. Sleeping less than five hours a night (每晚睡眠不足五小时)
2. Raise the risk (增加风险)
3. Developing symptoms of depression (出现抑郁症状)
4. Research suggests (研究表明)
5. The link between (在...之间的联系)
6. Poor sleep (糟糕的睡眠)
7. Mental ill health (心理健康问题)
8. Tends to come first (更容易首先出现)
9. Precursor to (前兆)
10. Consistent short sleep (持续的短时间睡眠)
11. Genetic susceptibility to disease (遗传易感性)
12. Sleep likely precedes depressive symptoms (睡眠可能在抑郁症状之前出现)
13. Genetic and health data (遗传和健康数据)
14. English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) (英国衰老纵向研究)
15. Both sleep duration and depression are partly inherited (睡眠时间和抑郁症都部分受遗传影响)
16. Proportion of participants classed as having depressive symptoms (被归类为有抑郁症状的参与者的比例)
17. People sleeping five hours or less (每晚睡眠五小时或更少的人)
18. More likely to develop depressive symptoms (更有可能出现抑郁症状)
19. Suffer from short sleep (患短时间睡眠)
20. Underlined the importance of (强调了...的重要性)
【原文链接】
Sleeping less than five hours a night can raise depression risk, study suggests
Consistently short sleep duration more likely to precede symptoms than inverse, genetic data reveal
Hannah Devlin Science Correspondent
Sleeping less than five hours a night could raise the risk of developing symptoms of depression, research suggests.
The link between poor sleep and mental ill health is well known, but it has been unclear which problem tends to come first. Now scientists have found evidence that consistent short sleep at night can be a precursor to developing depressive symptoms.
“We have this chicken or egg scenario between suboptimal sleep duration and depression. They frequently co-occur, but which comes first is largely unresolved. Using genetic susceptibility to disease we determined that sleep likely precedes depressive symptoms, rather than the inverse,” said Odessa Hamilton, a PhD candidate at UCL and first author of the research.
The researchers looked at genetic and health data from 7,146 people recruited by the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Both sleep duration and depression are partly inherited. Earlier research shows that depression is about 35% heritable, and that genetic differences account for 40% of the variance in sleep duration.
When the study’s subjects were tracked over time, researchers found that people who were genetically predisposed to short sleep (less than five hours a night) were more likely to develop depressive symptoms over four to 12 years, but that people more genetically predisposed to depression were not more likely to suffer from problems sleeping.
Overall, the participants in the study had an average of seven hours’ sleep a night. More than 10% slept for less than five hours a night at the start of the study period, rising to more than 15% at the end of the study period, and the proportion of participants classed as having depressive symptoms increased from around 9% to 11%.
People sleeping five hours or less were 2.5 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms, while people with depressive symptoms were a third more likely to suffer from short sleep.
The findings might present a gloomy outlook for those already struggling with sleep disturbances. However, Hamilton said that poor sleep or depression should not be viewed as inevitable outcomes and that the findings underlined the importance of sleep for good mental health.
“My advice would be to prioritise sleep and to avoid sleep procrastination. There’s this common saying in genetics that genes load the gun and environment pulls the trigger. You might be genetically predisposed to this, but you can take steps to mitigate the risk.”
外刊翻译·译文（译：李欣）
研究表明，每晚睡眠不足五小时可能会增加抑郁症症状的风险。
睡眠不足与心理健康问题之间的联系众所周知，但迄今为止不清楚哪个问题更容易首先出现。现在科学家已经找到了证据表明，每晚保持短时间的睡眠可能是发展抑郁症状的前兆。
研究的第一作者、伦敦大学学院（UCL）的博士候选人Odessa Hamilton表示：“在不足的睡眠时长和抑郁之间存在着鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡的情况。它们经常同时发生，但哪个先出现尚未得到明确解决。通过使用对疾病的遗传易感性，我们确定了睡眠可能在抑郁症状之前出现，而不是反之。”
研究人员分析了由英国衰老纵向研究（ELSA）招募的7,146名参与者的遗传和健康数据。睡眠时间和抑郁症都部分受遗传影响。早期研究显示，抑郁症的遗传因素占约35%，而遗传差异占睡眠时间差异的40%。
在研究期间，当跟踪研究对象的时间时，研究人员发现，那些在遗传上易于每晚睡眠时间较短（少于五小时）的人更有可能在四到十二年内出现抑郁症状，但那些在遗传上更容易患抑郁症的人则不太可能遇到睡眠问题。
总体而言，研究中的参与者每晚平均睡眠七小时。超过10%的人在研究期初每晚睡眠不足五小时，而在研究期末这一比例增加到超过15%，同时，被归类为有抑郁症状的参与者的比例从约9%增加到11%。
每晚睡眠不足五小时的人发展抑郁症症状的可能性是没有这一时间段睡眠正常的人的2.5倍，而有抑郁症症状的人患短时间睡眠的可能性增加了三分之一。
这一发现对于那些已经在与睡眠障碍作斗争的人可能会带来沮丧的前景。然而，Hamilton表示，糟糕的睡眠或抑郁不应被视为不可避免的结果，这一发现强调了良好的心理健康对睡眠的重要性。
她说：“我的建议是将睡眠列为优先事项，避免拖延睡眠。在遗传学中有一种常见的说法，即基因装填子弹，而环境扣动扳机。你可能在遗传上易受此影响，但你可以采取措施来降低风险。”
