河南省2024届高三起点考试
英语试卷
本试题卷共12页，67题。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡指定位置，认真核对与准考证号条形码上的信息是否一致，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡。上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答在试题卷上无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用黑色墨水的签字笔直接答在答题卡上的每题所对应的答题区域内。答在试题卷上或答题卡指定区域外无效。
4.考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回，考生自己保管好试题卷，评讲时带来。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.15. C. 9.18.
答案是B。
1. How did the woman go to work
A. By taxi. B. By car. C. By bike.
2. What’s the weather like now
A. Windy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy.
3. What are they going to do later
A. Go jogging. B. Play basketball. C. Go swimming.
4. Where did the family spend one week in France
A. In Paris. B. In Marseille. C. In Lyon.
5. What’s the trouble with the woman
A. She was ill. B. She was upset. C. She got lost.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. In which season did this conversation happen
A. In winter. B. In spring. C. In summer.
7. What is the woman’s favorite sport
A. Table tennis. B. Badminton. C. Swimming.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is Mary doing
A. Doing housework. B. Preparing for a exam. C. Working with her boss.
9. Which subject will Mary help Bob with
A. Math. B. Chinese. C. Physics.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A A kind of fruit. B. A kind of cake. C. A new dish.
11. What upsets the man
A. Its terrible appearance. B. Its lack of nutrition. C. Its terrible smell.
12. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and secretary. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the woman doing
A. Watching TV. B. Reading a newspaper. C. Surfing the internet.
14. What attitude does the man have towards students’ behaviors
A. Opposed. B. Supportive. C. Uncaring.
15. What might be a benefit of living in the school dorm
A. More freedom. B. Better living conditions. C. Greater convenience for classes.
16. What kind of person is the man
A. Reserved. B. Brave. C. Generous.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What might the speaker be
A. A musician. B. A teacher. C. A writer.
18. When did Beethoven die
A. In 1827. B. In 1770. C. In 1828.
19. Whose style influenced Beethoven greatly
A. Bach and Haydn’s. B. Mozart and Haydn’s. C. Bach and Mozart’s.
20. Which word can best describe Beethoven’s later life
A. Poverty-stricken. B. Fruitful. C. Peaceful.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Solar Panels
While both solar panels and plant leaves harvest energy from the sun, a team at Princeton University took biomimicry (仿生学) in solar panels a step further by adding folds to solar cells. The folds look like the natural wrinkles found in leaves, channeling more light into the cell. The researchers claimed in 2015 that the leaf-like cells generated 47 percent more electricity than those without folds.
Self-Cleaning Paint
The surface of the lotus (莲) plant’s leaves gets rid of dirt and water so well that this self-cleaning quality was named the “lotus effect” in 1977. In 1999, the German building company Sto released an outdoor paint called Lotusan. When dried, the paint’s surface is similar to that of the lotus leaf to shed water and dirt off immediately.
Bullet Trains
The Shinkansen Bullet Train in Japan is known for its aerodynamic shape that decreases the amount of sound the train makes while entering and exiting tunnels at speeds of 150 to 200 mph. The trains were modeled on a bird that hunts fish by diving into bodies of water. The shape of the train also allows it to travel 10 percent faster with about 15 percent less electricity.
Wetsuits
Unlike whales, beavers (河狸) don’t have layers of fat to keep them warm when they dive into icy water. Instead, their thick fur traps air among the individual hairs, keeping the mammals warm and dry. In 2016,a team of engineers at MIT sought to copy this quality in a wetsuit covered with rubber “hairs”, specifically designed for watersports athletes like surfers. Just like beavers, the athletes would be kept warm by hair trapped on the outside of the suit.
1. Which item is a brainchild of a German company
A. Solar Panels. B. Self-Cleaning Paint.
C. Bullet Trains. D. Wetsuits.
2. How does a wetsuit keep watersports athletes warm
A. By shedding water immediately. B. By thickening the layers of the suit.
C. By adding special hairs to trap heat. D. By self-heating the outside of the suit.
3. What do these inventions have in common
A. They are nature -inspired. B. They increase fuel efficiency.
C. They are environmentally-friendly. D. They generate no economic returns.
B
“Animal Control. How can I help you ” a deep voice ran through the phone receiver.
Earlier that morning. I’d been on my way to meet a friend for breakfast. Driving down a long stretch of road that connected two neighborhoods, there was nothing but tall trees and grassy areas. Then, I caught sight of a furry brown, black and white tail moving in the wind on the side of the road.
Throughout breakfast, I couldn’t get the animal off my mind. I named him Fluffy. Perhaps it was someone’s loving cat or dog. Maybe a fox I wasn’t sure. But it might be wounded and needed help. I called Animal Control.
The next day, I was curious to find out if Animal Control had found sweet Fluffy, so I called for an update. The same gentleman told me that he drove by the area but didn’t see any sign of an animal. I hung up the phone, feeling relieved.
I grabbed my purse and headed out the door. I had a full day ahead of me. Feeling good, I turned on the radio in my car and started singing along at the top of my lungs—until I saw Fluffy! There he was, farther down the road, half behind some brush with his tail sticking out and moving.
I eased my way into a parking space, and dialed Animal Control once again. I promised to meet the man the location where I last saw the animal.
About ten minutes later, the township Animal Control truck pull up behind my car. I pointed to the brush. To take a better look, the man walked toward Fluffy. When he came back, he laughed so heartily that I thought: How rude! Then he showed me Fluffy”, “Meet Fluffy, a 100-percent-cotton pompom (绒球) cap!”
My face must have been as red as his red polo shirt. Fluffy was a hat!
4. Why did the author call Animal Control that morning
A. To ask for directions. B. To find a lost pet.
C. To report a troubled animal. D. To call for a weather update.
5. Which best describes the author
A. Socially-disadvantaged. B. Aggressive.
C. Light-hearted. D. Sympathetic.
6. How would the man feel when he showed Fluffy to the author
A. He felt really offended.
B. He’s highly amused by the incident.
C. He felt slightly awkward about the result.
D. He hugely relieved to see her happy again.
7. What is the purpose of the text
A. To share a fun experience. B. To promote wildlife protection.
C. To recommend a government worker. D. To introduce a chance encounter with Fluffy.
C
About a year and a half ago, Patrick Doherty found out he had a rare, but disastrous inherited disease—known as transthyretin amyloidosis—that had killed his father. A misshapen protein was building up in his body, destroying important tissues. Victims of this disease often die a difficult death.
So Doherty was thrilled when he found out that doctors were testing a new way to try to treat amyloidosis. The approach used a revolutionary gene-editing technique called CRISPR, which allows scientists to make very precise changes in DNA. On Saturday, researchers reported the first data indicating that the experimental treatment worked, causing levels of the destructive protein to decrease in Doherty’s body.
CRISPR has already been shown to help some patients. And doctors are trying to use it to treat cancer and to restore vision to people blinded by a rare genetic disorder. But those experiments involve taking cells out of the body, editing them in the lab, and putting them back in or injecting CRISPR directly into cells that need fixing.
The study Doherty volunteered for is the first in which doctors are simply putting the gene-editor directly into patients and letting it find its own way to the right gene in the right cells. In this case, it’s cells in the liver making the destructive protein.
“It really is exciting,” says Dr. Julian Gillmore, who is leading the study at the University College London, Royal Free Hospital. “This has the potential to completely revolutionize the outcome for these patients who have lived with this disease in their family for many generations.” The patients will have to be followed longer, and more patients will have to be treated, to make sure the treatment’s safe, and determine how much it’s helping. Gillmore stresses.
The promising results potentially open the door for using the same approach to treatment of many other, more common diseases for which taking cells out of the body or directly injecting CRISPR isn’t realistic, including heart disease and brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
8. Why is Patrick Doherty mentioned in the text
A. To prove a new treatment worked well.
B. To show how CRISPR was carried out.
C. To provide background information of CRISPR.
D. To introduce a disease requiring urgent attention.
9. What is special about the study Doherty volunteered for
A. It’s the first gene-editing experiment.
B. CRISPR was injected into the liver cells.
C. Doherty’s cells were taken out of his body.
D. Gene-editors were put directly into the patient.
10. What does Dr. Julian Gillmore think of the results of the study
A. It holds great promise. B. It’s far from satisfactory.
C. It won’t bring about any danger. D. It should be put into use immediately.
11. What’s the last paragraph talking about
A. Faults of CRISPR. B. Results of the study.
C. Prospects of the study. D. Applications of CRISPR.
D
Most of us are familiar with the concept of six degrees of separation — the idea is that anyone in the planet can be connected to anyone else in just six steps. But is there actually any science to back up this commonly cited theory
If you just take a look at the following numbers, the six degrees of separation idea seems pretty plausible. Assuming everyone knows at least 44 people, and that each of those people knows an entirely new 44 people, and so on, the math shows that in just six steps everyone could be connected to 446, or 7.26 billion people — more than are alive on Earth today.
But this idea wasn’t scientifically tested until the 1960s, when a psychologist sent 300 packages out to people in Nebraska and Boston, and asked them to use their networks to get them back to one specific target — a stockbroker (股票经纪人) living in Boston. They weren’t asked to forward it to him directly, but to send it to someone they knew on a first name basis, with instructions for that person to forward it on to someone in their network that they thought might know the stockbroker.
Only 64 of those packages actually reached the target, with an average path length of just 5.2 intermediary (中间人) connections, and this experiment was used as evidence for six degrees of separation, or the “small world phenomenon”, as the researcher called it.
But Derek Muller, a researcher, dug a little deeper, and found that, of the original 300 packages, 100 were sent to people already living in Boston (where the target also lives) and 100 were sent to stockbrokers who shared a profession with the target, so there were really only 100 purely random packages sent out. And of those 100, only 18 made it back to the target. “So we’re talking about a sample size of 18 — that’s all the evidence there was for six degrees of separation,” Derek explains.
12. What does the underlined word “plausible” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Reasonable. B. Absurd. C. Unbelievable. D. Original.
13. How were the subjects expected to get the package to the target in the experiment
A. By entrusting the delivery to 5.2 intermediaries.
B. By delivering it in person as quickly as possible.
C. By passing it on to the target in the shortest time.
D. By forwarding it in the shortest intermediary-chain.
14. What can be inferred from Dereck’s remark
A. The concept didn’t exist at all.
B. The experiment provided solid evidence.
C. The sample size was too small to be useful.
D. The experiment was carried out scientifically.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. How to Play Six Degrees of Separation in Our Real Life
B. Six Degrees of Separation: An Theory Founded by Derek
C. Are We Really All Connected by Six Degrees of Separation
D. Six Degrees of Separation: Scientists Find a Smaller Number
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Overcoming obstacles (障碍物) to cooking at home often starts with changing the way you view meal preparation or time spent in the kitchen. ____16____ What can we do about them Read on to get some ideas.
“I don’t have the time to cook.”
Sure, shopping, chopping ingredients, cooking, and then cleaning up afterwards can be time-consuming. ____17____. Shopping online and having all the ingredients delivered to your door, doing some of the preparation ahead of time or getting your family involved are all great answers.
“It’s cheaper to eat fast food.”
At first glance, it may seem that eating at a fast-food restaurant is less expensive than making a home-cooked meal. ____18____. A study from the University of Washington School of Public Health revealed that people who cook at home tend to have healthier overall diets without higher food expenses.
“I’m too tired to cook at the end of a busy day.”
____19____. One trick is to make meals in quantity and freeze leftovers in single portions to eat when you don’t have the time or energy to cook.
“I don’t know how to cook”
If you’re scared by the prospect of preparing a home-cooked meal, it’s important to remember that cooking is not an exact science. ____20____. Besides, as with anything, the more you cook, the better you’ll become.
Change our perspectives and way of doing things, preparing meals will neither be something that we don’t have time for, nor something that’s only suitable for experienced cooks.
A But that’s rarely the case
B. How to eat healthy when you are busy
C. But there are plenty of ways to speed things up
D. What are the reasons stopping us from cooking at home
E. Cook more and you’ll soon master some quick, healthy meals
F. Creating healthy meals doesn’t have to involve a huge investment of effort
G. It’s usually perfectly OK to skip an ingredient or substitute one thing for another
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“We’re celebrating Canada’s birthday today,” Mom said. “Whose ” ____21____, my sister, Sonya, followed Mom into the kitchen as she heard such an ____22____.
My mom wasn’t a ____23____ of Canada-she immigrated from England—but she always wanted us to ____24____ Canadian customs and cultures. She looked for ways to teach us about Canada. During our early years, when money was tight, Mom kept our lessons ____25____ but fun. However, this year, she was trying something new: ____26____ a cake.
This is silly, said my sister when Mom ____27____ we were indeed making a birthday cake for Canada. But when she positioned several bowls of icing (糖霜) on the table, along with photographs of Canadian ____28____ and landmarks, Sonya quickly ____29____ her tune. “I like this,” said Sonya, grabbing a(n) ____30____ of a beaver biting on a tree. I chose the Canadian flag.
When we were done, a wonderful design ____31____. The fact that Sonya’s beaver looked more like dog ____32____ a bone and my Canadian flag was pink ____33____. We were proud of our ____34____, and so was Mom.
We made many birthday cakes for Canada when we were kids. Each cake was ____35____, but one ingredient was the same: Mom, a woman who helped us enjoy our Canadian heritage.
21. A. Anxious B. Seared C. Confused D. Sorrowful
22. A. answer B. appointment C. alternative D. announcement
23. A. native B. citizen C. admirer D. scholar
24. A. assess B. appreciate C. memorize D. judge
25. A. valuable B. strange C. simple D. unique
26. A. decorating B. purchasing C. labeling D. delivering
27. A. permitted B. confirmed C. explained D. informed
28. A. signals B. signs C. symbols D. gestures
29. A. tested B. avoided C. played D. changed
30. A. statue B. record C. note D. image
31. A. faded B. emerged C. ended D. altered
32. A. chewing at B. grabbing for C. holding on D. breaking up
33. A. came into existence B. made no sense C. made no difference D. came to light
34. A. potential B. creation C. behavior D. inspiration
35. A. ordinary B. familiar C. similar D. different
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a long history of official and nongovernmental giant panda exchanges and cooperation between China and the United States. On Dec 6, 2000, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian ____36____ (send) to the Smithsonian’s National Zoo in Washington, D.C., ____37____ they gave birth to Tai Shan in 2005. Tai Shan is ____38____ (popular) panda, with the most fans worldwide.
According to the agreement, giant pandas born abroad must rectum ____39____ China when they reach the age of two. In 2007, due to strong demand from the US public, the Chinese government agreed to extend Tai Shan’s stay in the United States for an ____40____ (addition) two years.
The giant panda is unique to China and one of the oldest ____41____ (survive) species on Earth. In 1869, the French ____42____ (natural) and missionary Armand David, introduced the unique animal to the Western world. Since then, the giant panda ____43____ (win) the love of people around the world. There are ____44____ (current) 1,864 wild giant pandas in China and at the end of last year, there were another 698 in captivity.
According to figures from the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, between 1957 and 1982, China gifted 24 giant pandas to 9 countries. Since the 1980s, with the _____45_____ (mark) decline in numbers, China has stopped sending giant pandas as presents to other countries. Instead, it engages with them in international cooperation and research.
第四部分 写作(共两节;满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。你因病没能按时参加英语口语考试，请你写一封邮件向外教Smith女士说明情况，请求补考，内容包括：
1. 说明情况；
2. 请求给予补考机会；
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ms. Smith,
I’m Li Hua a senior at your high school.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I used to be very active in sports and games when I was in primary school. As a result, I was chosen to represent the school in the long jump and relay events at the District Sports Meet. I promised myself I would make every effort so as not to leave the meet empty-handed.
The meeting lasted two days. Our events were scheduled for the second day. The long jump was scheduled for the early afternoon， followed by the 8 x 50m relay later in the afternoon. I thought I was a pretty good jumper, but as the competition began, I realized I was vastly outclassed. 3. 65m was not bad. But there was boy who jumped over 4 meters! We finished our jumps，and I came in fourth place， just missing out on a medal. That was disappointing, but I reminded myself that we still had a chance in the 8 X 50m relay，for which I was assigned to run the last leg.
The race was about to begin. We filed into our assigned spots and prepared for the race. After a tense minute or so, I heard the starter’s gun go off. When the first runners took off, I watched with bated breath (屏住呼吸地) as my team runners kept up with the others. As they got closer, I realized we were at least in second place.
Then came my turn. I took the baton (接力棒) cleanly and began my run. The air rushed past me as I moved closer to the next runner. I was sure the medal which we dreamed of was within easy reach. Then disaster struck! I saw a boy，about 2-or-3-year-old， run across the track into my path out of nowhere. Quite likely, his parent didn’t notice what was happening. I couldn’t get away from him fast enough. I couldn’t avoid hitting him if I continued running for my medal.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I had to make a decision in only seconds.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I cried, realizing I missed out on another medal.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1—5 CCBAC 6—10 ACBCA 11—15 CCABC 16—20 BBABB河南省2024届高三起点考试
英语试卷
本试题卷共12页，67题。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡指定位置，认真核对与准考证号条形码上的信息是否一致，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡。上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答在试题卷上无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用黑色墨水的签字笔直接答在答题卡上的每题所对应的答题区域内。答在试题卷上或答题卡指定区域外无效。
4.考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回，考生自己保管好试题卷，评讲时带来。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.15. C. 9.18.
答案是B。
1. How did the woman go to work
A. By taxi. B. By car. C. By bike.
2. What’s the weather like now
A. Windy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy.
3. What are they going to do later
A. Go jogging. B. Play basketball. C. Go swimming.
4. Where did the family spend one week in France
A. In Paris. B. In Marseille. C. In Lyon.
5. What’s the trouble with the woman
A. She was ill. B. She was upset. C. She got lost.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. In which season did this conversation happen
A. In winter. B. In spring. C. In summer.
7. What is the woman’s favorite sport
A. Table tennis. B. Badminton. C. Swimming.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is Mary doing
A. Doing housework. B. Preparing for a exam. C. Working with her boss.
9. Which subject will Mary help Bob with
A. Math. B. Chinese. C. Physics.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A kind of fruit. B. A kind of cake. C. A new dish.
11. What upsets the man
A. Its terrible appearance. B. Its lack of nutrition. C. Its terrible smell.
12. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and secretary. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the woman doing
A. Watching TV. B. Reading a newspaper. C. Surfing the internet.
14. What attitude does the man have towards students’ behaviors
A. Opposed. B. Supportive. C. Uncaring.
15. What might be a benefit of living in the school dorm
A. More freedom. B. Better living conditions. C. Greater convenience for classes.
16. What kind of person is the man
A. Reserved. B. Brave. C. Generous.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What might the speaker be
A. A musician. B. A teacher. C. A writer.
18. When did Beethoven die
A. In 1827. B. In 1770. C. In 1828.
19. Whose style influenced Beethoven greatly
A. Bach and Haydn’s. B. Mozart and Haydn’s. C. Bach and Mozart’s.
20. Which word can best describe Beethoven’s later life
A. Poverty-stricken. B. Fruitful. C. Peaceful.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Solar Panels
While both solar panels and plant leaves harvest energy from the sun, a team at Princeton University took biomimicry (仿生学) in solar panels a step further by adding folds to solar cells. The folds look like the natural wrinkles found in leaves, channeling more light into the cell. The researchers claimed in 2015 that the leaf-like cells generated 47 percent more electricity than those without folds.
Self-Cleaning Paint
The surface of the lotus (莲) plant’s leaves gets rid of dirt and water so well that this self-cleaning quality was named the “lotus effect” in 1977. In 1999, the German building company Sto released an outdoor paint called Lotusan. When dried, the paint’s surface is similar to that of the lotus leaf to shed water and dirt off immediately.
Bullet Trains
The Shinkansen Bullet Train in Japan is known for its aerodynamic shape that decreases the amount of sound the train makes while entering and exiting tunnels at speeds of 150 to 200 mph. The trains were modeled on a bird that hunts fish by diving into bodies of water. The shape of the train also allows it to travel 10 percent faster with about 15 percent less electricity.
Wetsuits
Unlike whales, beavers (河狸) don’t have layers of fat to keep them warm when they dive into icy water. Instead, their thick fur traps air among the individual hairs, keeping the mammals warm and dry. In 2016,a team of engineers at MIT sought to copy this quality in a wetsuit covered with rubber “hairs”, specifically designed for watersports athletes like surfers. Just like beavers, the athletes would be kept warm by hair trapped on the outside of the suit.
1. Which item is a brainchild of a German company
A. Solar Panels. B. Self-Cleaning Paint.
C. Bullet Trains. D. Wetsuits.
2. How does a wetsuit keep watersports athletes warm
A. By shedding water immediately. B. By thickening the layers of the suit.
C. By adding special hairs to trap heat. D. By self-heating the outside of the suit.
3. What do these inventions have in common
A. They are nature -inspired. B. They increase fuel efficiency.
C. They are environmentally-friendly. D. They generate no economic returns.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个仿生学的发明。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二个小标题Self-Cleaning Paint下的“In 1999, the German building company Sto released an outdoor paint called Lotusan. When dried, the paint’s surface is similar to that of the lotus leaf to shed water and dirt off immediately. ( 1999年，德国建筑公司Sto推出了一种名为“Lotusan”的户外涂料。干燥后，油漆的表面类似于荷叶的表面，可以立即脱落水分和污垢。)”可知，这种具有自我清洁功能的外层涂料是由一家德国建筑公司发明的。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四个小标题Wetsuits下的最后两句中信息“In 2016，a team of engineers at MIT sought to copy this quality in a wetsuit covered with rubber “hairs”, specifically designed for watersports athletes like surfers. Just like beavers, the athletes would be kept warm by hair trapped on the outside of the suit.( 2016年，麻省理工学院的一个工程师团队试图复制这种品质，他们设计了一种覆盖着橡胶“毛发”的潜水服，这种潜水服是专门为冲浪者等水上运动运动员设计的。就像海狸一样，运动员们将通过困在潜水服外面的毛发来保暖。)”可知，科学家们给这种潜水服添加了特制的毛发来蓄热。故选 C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“a team at Princeton University took biomimicry (仿生学) in solar panels a step further by adding folds to solar cells.( 普林斯顿大学的一个研究小组将太阳能电池板的仿生学又向前迈进了一步，他们在太阳能电池上添加了褶皱。)”；第二段的“When dried, the paint’s surface is similar to that of the lotus leaf to shed water and dirt off immediately.( 干燥后，油漆的表面类似于荷叶的表面，可以立即脱落水分和污垢。)”；第三段的“The trains were modeled on a bird that hunts fish by diving into bodies of water.( 这些火车以一种鸟为模型，这种鸟通过潜入水中捕食鱼。)”以及第四段的“Just like beavers, the athletes would be kept warm by hair trapped on the outside of the suit.( 就像海狸一样，运动员们将通过困在潜水服外面的毛发来保暖。)”可知，全文介绍的是人类利用仿生学发明的四件物品，因此推断这些发明的共同点是都是自然赋予人类灵感而被发明出来的。故选A。
B
“Animal Control. How can I help you ” a deep voice ran through the phone receiver.
Earlier that morning. I’d been on my way to meet a friend for breakfast. Driving down a long stretch of road that connected two neighborhoods, there was nothing but tall trees and grassy areas. Then, I caught sight of a furry brown, black and white tail moving in the wind on the side of the road.
Throughout breakfast, I couldn’t get the animal off my mind. I named him Fluffy. Perhaps it was someone’s loving cat or dog. Maybe a fox I wasn’t sure. But it might be wounded and needed help. I called Animal Control.
The next day, I was curious to find out if Animal Control had found sweet Fluffy, so I called for an update. The same gentleman told me that he drove by the area but didn’t see any sign of an animal. I hung up the phone, feeling relieved.
I grabbed my purse and headed out the door. I had a full day ahead of me. Feeling good, I turned on the radio in my car and started singing along at the top of my lungs—until I saw Fluffy! There he was, farther down the road, half behind some brush with his tail sticking out and moving.
I eased my way into a parking space, and dialed Animal Control once again. I promised to meet the man the location where I last saw the animal.
About ten minutes later, the township Animal Control truck pull up behind my car. I pointed to the brush. To take a better look, the man walked toward Fluffy. When he came back, he laughed so heartily that I thought: How rude! Then he showed me Fluffy”, “Meet Fluffy, a 100-percent-cotton pompom (绒球) cap!”
My face must have been as red as his red polo shirt. Fluffy was a hat!
4. Why did the author call Animal Control that morning
A. To ask for directions. B. To find a lost pet.
C. To report a troubled animal. D. To call for a weather update.
5. Which best describes the author
A. Socially-disadvantaged. B. Aggressive.
C. Light-hearted. D. Sympathetic.
6. How would the man feel when he showed Fluffy to the author
A. He felt really offended.
B. He’s highly amused by the incident.
C. He felt slightly awkward about the result.
D. He hugely relieved to see her happy again.
7. What is the purpose of the text
A. To share a fun experience. B. To promote wildlife protection.
C. To recommend a government worker. D. To introduce a chance encounter with Fluffy.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女士将一顶绒球帽误认为作一个受伤小动物而反复向动物控制中心求助的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But it might be wounded and needed help, and that was more important. So, I called Animal Control.(但它可能受伤了，需要帮助，这才是更重要的。所以，我打电话给动物控制中心)” 可知，作者之所以打电话，是因为怀疑有小动物受伤。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“But it might be wounded and needed help, and that was more important. So, I called Animal Control.(但它可能受伤了，需要帮助，这才是更重要的。所以，我打电话给动物控制中心)”；第四段“The next day, I was curious to find out if Animal Control had found sweet Fluffy, so I called for an update.(第二天，我很想知道动物控制中心是否找到了可爱的Fluffy，所以我打电话询问了最新情况)”以及倒数第三段“I eased my way into a parking space, and dialed Animal Control once again. I promised to meet the man the location where I last saw the animal.(我慢慢地进了一个停车位，再次拨通了动物控制中心的电话。我答应在我最后看到那只动物的地方和那个人见面)”可推知作者因怀疑小动物受伤，反复给动物控制中心打电话，由此可以推知，作者是一个富有同情心的人。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When he came back, he laughed so heartily that I thought: How rude! , “Meet Fluffy, a 100-percent-cotton pompom (绒球) cap!”(当他回来时，他笑得那么开心，我想：真粗鲁！“来见见Fluffy，一顶百分百棉花球帽!”)”可推知，男人发现那个小动物不过是顶帽子的时候大笑起来，可知他被逗乐了。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了一个女士将一顶绒球帽误认为作一个受伤小动物而反复向动物控制中心求助的故事。可推知是为了给读者们分享这段有趣的经历。故选A。
C
About a year and a half ago, Patrick Doherty found out he had a rare, but disastrous inherited disease—known as transthyretin amyloidosis—that had killed his father. A misshapen protein was building up in his body, destroying important tissues. Victims of this disease often die a difficult death.
So Doherty was thrilled when he found out that doctors were testing a new way to try to treat amyloidosis. The approach used a revolutionary gene-editing technique called CRISPR, which allows scientists to make very precise changes in DNA. On Saturday, researchers reported the first data indicating that the experimental treatment worked, causing levels of the destructive protein to decrease in Doherty’s body.
CRISPR has already been shown to help some patients. And doctors are trying to use it to treat cancer and to restore vision to people blinded by a rare genetic disorder. But those experiments involve taking cells out of the body, editing them in the lab, and putting them back in or injecting CRISPR directly into cells that need fixing.
The study Doherty volunteered for is the first in which doctors are simply putting the gene-editor directly into patients and letting it find its own way to the right gene in the right cells. In this case, it’s cells in the liver making the destructive protein.
“It really is exciting,” says Dr. Julian Gillmore, who is leading the study at the University College London, Royal Free Hospital. “This has the potential to completely revolutionize the outcome for these patients who have lived with this disease in their family for many generations.” The patients will have to be followed longer, and more patients will have to be treated, to make sure the treatment’s safe, and determine how much it’s helping. Gillmore stresses.
The promising results potentially open the door for using the same approach to treatment of many other, more common diseases for which taking cells out of the body or directly injecting CRISPR isn’t realistic, including heart disease and brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
8. Why is Patrick Doherty mentioned in the text
A. To prove a new treatment worked well.
B. To show how CRISPR was carried out.
C. To provide background information of CRISPR.
D. To introduce a disease requiring urgent attention.
9. What is special about the study Doherty volunteered for
A. It’s the first gene-editing experiment.
B. CRISPR was injected into the liver cells.
C. Doherty’s cells were taken out of his body.
D. Gene-editors were put directly into the patient.
10. What does Dr. Julian Gillmore think of the results of the study
A. It holds great promise. B. It’s far from satisfactory.
C. It won’t bring about any danger. D. It should be put into use immediately.
11. What’s the last paragraph talking about
A. Faults of CRISPR. B. Results of the study.
C. Prospects of the study. D. Applications of CRISPR.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章讲述了一项使用CRISPR基因编辑技术治疗罕见遗传疾病的研究的初步结果。这项实验是将基因编辑器直接注射到患者体内，让其自行寻找需要修复的基因和细胞。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Patrick Doherty found out he had a rare, but disastrous inherited disease—known as transthyretin amyloidosis—that had killed his father.(帕特里克·多尔蒂发现自己患有一种罕见但具有灾难性的遗传性疾病，被称为甲状腺素运载蛋白淀粉样变性病，这种疾病曾导致他的父亲去世。)”以及第二段中“So Doherty was thrilled when he found out that doctors were testing a new way to try to treat amyloidosis. The approach used a revolutionary gene-editing technique called CRISPR, which allows scientists to make very precise changes in DNA. (多尔蒂得知医生们正在测试一种治疗淀粉样变性病的新方法时感到非常兴奋。这种方法使用了一种名为CRISPR的革命性基因编辑技术，可以让科学家对DNA进行非常精确的改变。)”可知，文章通过介绍帕特里克·多尔蒂病情的严重情况，新疗法CRISPR的革命性基因编辑技术能够对此疾病进行治疗并有效果，因此通过介绍帕特里克·多尔蒂该病人的状况，从而为了证明CRISPR该新疗法的效果。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The study Doherty volunteered for is the first in which doctors are simply putting the gene-editor directly into patients and letting it find its own way to the right gene in the right cells.(多尔蒂自愿参与的这项研究是第一次医生直接将基因编辑器放入病人体内，让它自己找到合适的细胞中合适的基因。)”可知，这是第一次直接将基因编辑器注入病人体内，进行治疗即基因编辑器直接注入到病人体内。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This has the potential to completely revolutionize the outcome for these patients who have lived with this disease in their family for many generations.(这有可能彻底改变这些患者的结果，这些患者在他们的家庭中已经患有这种疾病好几代了。)”可知，这种方法具有完全改变那些在家族中多代患有这种疾病的患者的潜力。由此推断该技术非常有前景。故选A。
11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The promising results potentially open the door for using the same approach to treatment of many other, more common diseases for which taking cells out of the body or directly injecting CRISPR isn’t realistic, including heart disease and brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s.(这些有希望的结果潜在地为治疗许多其他更常见的疾病打开了大门，这些疾病不能通过取出细胞或直接注射CRISPR来实现，包括心脏病和脑部疾病，如阿尔茨海默病。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述这个研究结果可能打开治疗其他疾病的大门，因而是在讨论这个研究的前景。故选C。
D
Most of us are familiar with the concept of six degrees of separation — the idea is that anyone in the planet can be connected to anyone else in just six steps. But is there actually any science to back up this commonly cited theory
If you just take a look at the following numbers, the six degrees of separation idea seems pretty plausible. Assuming everyone knows at least 44 people, and that each of those people knows an entirely new 44 people, and so on, the math shows that in just six steps everyone could be connected to 446, or 7.26 billion people — more than are alive on Earth today.
But this idea wasn’t scientifically tested until the 1960s, when a psychologist sent 300 packages out to people in Nebraska and Boston, and asked them to use their networks to get them back to one specific target — a stockbroker (股票经纪人) living in Boston. They weren’t asked to forward it to him directly, but to send it to someone they knew on a first name basis, with instructions for that person to forward it on to someone in their network that they thought might know the stockbroker.
Only 64 of those packages actually reached the target, with an average path length of just 5.2 intermediary (中间人) connections, and this experiment was used as evidence for six degrees of separation, or the “small world phenomenon”, as the researcher called it.
But Derek Muller, a researcher, dug a little deeper, and found that, of the original 300 packages, 100 were sent to people already living in Boston (where the target also lives) and 100 were sent to stockbrokers who shared a profession with the target, so there were really only 100 purely random packages sent out. And of those 100, only 18 made it back to the target. “So we’re talking about a sample size of 18 — that’s all the evidence there was for six degrees of separation,” Derek explains.
12. What does the underlined word “plausible” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Reasonable. B. Absurd. C. Unbelievable. D. Original.
13. How were the subjects expected to get the package to the target in the experiment
A. By entrusting the delivery to 5.2 intermediaries.
B. By delivering it in person as quickly as possible.
C. By passing it on to the target in the shortest time.
D. By forwarding it in the shortest intermediary-chain.
14. What can be inferred from Dereck’s remark
A. The concept didn’t exist at all.
B. The experiment provided solid evidence.
C. The sample size was too small to be useful.
D. The experiment was carried out scientifically.
15 Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. How to Play Six Degrees of Separation in Our Real Life
B. Six Degrees of Separation: An Theory Founded by Derek
C. Are We Really All Connected by Six Degrees of Separation
D. Six Degrees of Separation: Scientists Find a Smaller Number
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章探讨了“六度分隔”理论的科学根据。然后介绍了与之密切相关的一个实验，以及Derek对实验过程和结果的深挖后得出的结论。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“Assuming everyone knows at least 44 people, and that each of those people knows an entirely new 44 people, and so on, the math shows that in just six steps everyone could be connected to 446, or 7.26 billion people—more than are alive on Earth today.( 假设每个人都认识至少44个人，而且每个人都认识完全不同的44个人，以此类推，根据数学计算，在仅仅六个步骤中，每个人都可以与446个人建立联系，这相当于72.6亿人口，超过目前地球上的实际人口数量。)”可知，通过后文的假设，即如果每个人认识完全陌生的44人，那么通过六个人，我们就可以联系到72亿个人，这个数据超过了生活在这个星球上的总人数。由此可以推知，“六度分隔”理论似乎是非常“合理的”。故划线部分的单词应该是“合情合理的”的意思。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“They weren’t asked to forward it to him directly, but to send it to someone they knew on a first name basis, with instructions for that person to forward it on to someone in their network that they thought might know the stockbroker.( 他们不是要求直接将邮件转发给他，而是发送给他们名字熟悉的某个人，并告诉该人将其转发给他们的网络中可能认识那个股票经纪人的某个人。)”可知，实验中要求实验对象将包裹一个接一个通过熟人以最短路线传递给预定目标人。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中Derek所说的话“So we’re talking about a sample size of 18—that’s all the evidence there was for six degrees of separation(所以我们谈论的是一个样本大小为18的证据，这是“六度分离”存在的所有证据。)”可知，该研究结果仅仅是基于18个样本大小的六度分隔的证据。故Derek 认为这个样本量太小，不足以证明六度分隔的理论。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，这篇文章探讨了“六度分隔”理论的科学根据。据称，任何人与地球上的任何其他人之间只需要六步就可以建立联系。虽然这个理论听起来很有道理，但直到20世纪60年代才有科学检验。当时，一位心理学家通过将300个包裹寄给内布拉斯加和波士顿的人，让他们利用他们的人际网络将包裹送到波士顿的一位股票经纪人那里。结果只有64个包裹真正到达目标，而平均路径长度仅为5.2个人际连接。虽然这个实验被用作六度分隔的证据，但进一步的调查发现，其中有许多包裹在发送时已经接近目标，或者发送给与目标有共同职业的股票经纪人。事实上，只有18个纯随机包裹最终到达目标。因此，该研究结果仅仅是基于18个样本大小的六度分隔的证据，因此研究者Derek 认为这个样本量太小，不足以证明“六度分隔”的理论。C选项“Are We Really All Connected by Six Degrees of Separation (我们真的都被“六度分隔”联系起来吗？)”以一个问句来概括文章的主要内容，符合文章标题。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Overcoming obstacles (障碍物) to cooking at home often starts with changing the way you view meal preparation or time spent in the kitchen. ____16____ What can we do about them Read on to get some ideas.
“I don’t have the time to cook.”
Sure, shopping, chopping ingredients, cooking, and then cleaning up afterwards can be time-consuming. ____17____. Shopping online and having all the ingredients delivered to your door, doing some of the preparation ahead of time or getting your family involved are all great answers.
“It’s cheaper to eat fast food.”
At first glance, it may seem that eating at a fast-food restaurant is less expensive than making a home-cooked meal. ____18____. A study from the University of Washington School of Public Health revealed that people who cook at home tend to have healthier overall diets without higher food expenses.
“I’m too tired to cook at the end of a busy day.”
____19____. One trick is to make meals in quantity and freeze leftovers in single portions to eat when you don’t have the time or energy to cook.
“I don’t know how to cook.”
If you’re scared by the prospect of preparing a home-cooked meal, it’s important to remember that cooking is not an exact science. ____20____. Besides, as with anything, the more you cook, the better you’ll become.
Change our perspectives and way of doing things, preparing meals will neither be something that we don’t have time for, nor something that’s only suitable for experienced cooks.
A. But that’s rarely the case
B. How to eat healthy when you are busy
C But there are plenty of ways to speed things up
D. What are the reasons stopping us from cooking at home
E. Cook more and you’ll soon master some quick, healthy meals
F. Creating healthy meals doesn’t have to involve a huge investment of effort
G. It’s usually perfectly OK to skip an ingredient or substitute one thing for another
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阻碍我们在家做饭的原因和解决措施。
【16题详解】
空后是一个问号，因此空格处只能是B或D选项，由下文中每一段的小标题““I don’t have the time to cook.”(“我没有时间做饭。”)”，““It’s cheaper to eat fast food.”(“吃快餐更便宜。”)”，““I’m too tired to cook at the end of a busy day.”(“忙碌了一天，我太累了，不想做饭了。”)”，““I don’t know how to cook.”(“我不知道怎么做饭。”)”可知，下文是要讲在家不做饭的原因，因此空格处是“是什么原因使我们在家不做饭”，D选项“What are the reasons stopping us from cooking at home(阻止我们在家做饭的原因是什么)”说的是是什么原因使我们在家不做饭，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Shopping online and having all the ingredients delivered to your door, doing some of the preparation ahead of time or getting your family involved are all great answers.(在网上购物，把所有的食材送到你家门口，提前做一些准备，或者让你的家人参与进来，都是很好的答案。)”可知作者介绍了许多节省时间的做法，C选项“But there are plenty of ways to speed things up(但是有很多方法可以加快速度)”说明了有很多方法可以加快速度，也就是能节省时间了，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
空前“At first glance, it may seem that eating at a fast-food restaurant is less expensive than making a home-cooked meal.(乍一看，在快餐店吃饭似乎比在家做饭便宜。)”说明了乍一看，在快餐店吃饭似乎比在家做饭便宜，空后“A study from the University of Washington School of Public Health revealed that people who cook at home tend to have healthier overall diets without higher food expenses.(华盛顿大学公共卫生学院的一项研究显示，在家做饭的人总体饮食更健康，而且食物支出也不会更高。)”说明了在家做饭更便宜，因此前后是转折关系，A选项“But that’s rarely the case(但这种情况很少发生)”中的But表转折，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
由小标题“I’m too tired to cook at the end of a busy day(忙碌了一天，我太累了，不想做饭了。)”可知，本段介绍另一个阻止我们在家做饭的原因：太累了，不想做饭。后文“One trick is to make meals in quantity and freeze leftovers in single portions to eat when you don’t have the time or energy to cook.(一个技巧是多做些菜，并将剩菜冷冻成一份，当你没有时间或精力做饭时吃。)”介绍了一个诀窍就是一次性多做点。所以可知，此处是总结做饭不会花费我们太多精力，F选项“Creating healthy meals doesn’t have to involve a huge investment of effort(创造健康的饮食并不需要投入大量的精力)”说明了做健康饮食不会花费我们太多精力，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
空格前句“If you’re scared by the prospect of preparing a home-cooked meal, it’s important to remember that cooking is not an exact science.(如果你对准备一顿家常菜的前景感到害怕，重要的是要记住烹饪不是一门精确的科学。)”说明做饭不是要求太精确的事情，也就是说做饭时不用一些东西也可以，G选项“It’s usually perfectly OK to skip an ingredient or substitute one thing for another(跳过一种食材或用一种食材代替另一种食材通常是完全可以的)”说明做饭的要求并不是那么太严格，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“We’re celebrating Canada’s birthday today,” Mom said. “Whose ” ____21____, my sister, Sonya, followed Mom into the kitchen as she heard such an ____22____.
My mom wasn’t a ____23____ of Canada-she immigrated from England—but she always wanted us to ____24____ Canadian customs and cultures. She looked for ways to teach us about Canada. During our early years, when money was tight, Mom kept our lessons ____25____ but fun. However, this year, she was trying something new: ____26____ a cake.
This is silly, said my sister when Mom ____27____ we were indeed making a birthday cake for Canada. But when she positioned several bowls of icing (糖霜) on the table, along with photographs of Canadian ____28____ and landmarks, Sonya quickly ____29____ her tune. “I like this,” said Sonya, grabbing a(n) ____30____ of a beaver biting on a tree. I chose the Canadian flag.
When we were done, a wonderful design ____31____. The fact that Sonya’s beaver looked more like dog ____32____ a bone and my Canadian flag was pink ____33____. We were proud of our ____34____, and so was Mom.
We made many birthday cakes for Canada when we were kids. Each cake was ____35____, but one ingredient was the same: Mom, a woman who helped us enjoy our Canadian heritage.
21. A. Anxious B. Seared C. Confused D. Sorrowful
22. A. answer B. appointment C. alternative D. announcement
23. A. native B. citizen C. admirer D. scholar
24. A. assess B. appreciate C. memorize D. judge
25. A. valuable B. strange C. simple D. unique
26. A. decorating B. purchasing C. labeling D. delivering
27. A. permitted B. confirmed C. explained D. informed
28. A. signals B. signs C. symbols D. gestures
29. A. tested B. avoided C. played D. changed
30. A. statue B. record C. note D. image
31. A. faded B. emerged C. ended D. altered
32 A. chewing at B. grabbing for C. holding on D. breaking up
33. A. came into existence B. made no sense C. made no difference D. came to light
34. A. potential B. creation C. behavior D. inspiration
35. A. ordinary B. familiar C. similar D. different
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和妹妹在妈妈的带领下，为加拿大做生日蛋糕装饰的故事。这起源于母亲总是希望作者和妹妹欣赏加拿大的习俗和文化。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“谁的？”当我的妹妹索尼娅听到这样的通知时，她困惑地跟着妈妈走进了厨房。A. Anxious焦虑的；B. Seared枯萎的；C. Confused困惑的；D. Sorrowful悲伤的。根据上文“Whose ”可知，妹妹对妈妈的话感到困惑，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“谁的？”当我的妹妹索尼娅听到这样的通知时，她困惑地跟着妈妈走进了厨房。A. answer回答；B. appointment任命；C. alternative选择；D. announcement宣布。此处指上文““We’re celebrating Canada’s birthday today,” Mom said.(“我们今天要庆祝加拿大的生日，”妈妈说)”妈妈说要给加拿大庆祝生日的通知，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈不是加拿大人——她是从英国移民过来的——但她总是希望我们欣赏加拿大的习俗和文化。A. native本地人；B. citizen市民；C. admirer爱慕者；D. scholar学者。根据后文“she immigrated from England”可知，妈妈不是加拿大本地人。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈不是加拿大人——她是从英国移民过来的——但她总是希望我们欣赏加拿大的习俗和文化。A. assess评估；B. appreciate欣赏；C. memorize记忆；D. judge判断。根据后文“Mom, a woman who helped us enjoy our Canadian heritage(妈妈，一个帮助我们欣赏加拿大传统的女人)”可知，母亲希望他们欣赏加拿大的习俗和文化。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们年幼的时候，经济拮据，妈妈让我们的课程简单而有趣。A. valuable有价值的；B. strange奇怪的；C. simple简单的；D. unique独特的。根据上文“During our early years, when money was tight, Mom kept our lessons”可知，家里经历拮据，所以妈妈的课程设置得简单而有趣，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，今年，她尝试了一些新的东西：装饰蛋糕。A. decorating装饰；B. purchasing购买；C. labeling贴标签；D. delivering递送。根据后文的描述“of a beaver biting on a tree. I chose the Canadian flag”可知，作者和妹妹在装饰蛋糕。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当妈妈确认我们确实在为加拿大做生日蛋糕时，妹妹说：“这太愚蠢了。”A. permitted允许；B. confirmed确认；C. explained解释；D. informed通知。根据后文“we were indeed making a birthday cake for Canada”以及上文“Whose ”可知，妈妈确认了是给加拿大做生日蛋糕。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当她把几碗糖霜放在桌子上，以及加拿大象征和地标的照片时，索尼娅很快改变了她的语气。A. signals信号；B. signs标志；C. symbols象征；D. gestures姿势。根据后文“along with photographs of Canadian”可知，指妈妈拿出了加拿大象征和地标的照片，准备开始给蛋糕做装饰。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当她把几碗糖霜放在桌子上，以及加拿大象征和地标的照片时，索尼娅很快改变了她的语气。A. tested测试；B. avoided避免；C. played玩耍；D. changed改变。根据后文““I like this,” said Sonya”可知，妹妹从一开始说这个主意愚蠢到后面开始投入其中，可知是改变了语气，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我喜欢这个，”索尼娅说，一边抓着一张海狸咬树的照片。A. statue地位；B. record记录；C. note笔记；D. image图片。呼应上文“along with photographs of Canadian”指一张海狸咬树的照片。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们完成后，一个奇妙的设计出现了。A. faded褪色；B. emerged出现；C. ended结束；D. altered改变。后文提到索尼娅的海狸看起来更像是狗在啃骨头，作者的加拿大国旗是粉红色的，所以是奇妙的设计出现了，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，索尼娅的海狸看起来更像是狗在啃骨头，我的加拿大国旗是粉红色的，但这并没有什么影响。A. chewing at咀嚼；B. grabbing for抓住；C. holding on坚持；D. breaking up打破。根据后文“a bone”指狗啃骨头，应用chew at。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，索尼娅的海狸看起来更像是狗在啃骨头，我的加拿大国旗是粉红色的，但这并没有什么影响。A. came into existence存在；B. made no sense无意义；C. made no difference没有任何影响；D. came to light被发现。后文“We were proud of our”提到他们为自己的创造感到骄傲，说明虽然海狸和作者的国旗都做得不好，但是没有什么影响，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们为自己的创造感到骄傲，妈妈也是。A. potential潜能；B. creation创造；C. behavior行为；D. inspiration鼓舞。根据上文“When we were done”指他们完成了加拿大生日蛋糕的创造，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个蛋糕都不一样，但有一种成分是相同的：妈妈，一个帮助我们享受加拿大传统的女人。A. ordinary普通的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. similar相似的；D. different不同的。根据后文“but one ingredient was the same”中but表示转折，说明每个蛋糕都不一样，但有一种成分是相同的，same与different构成对比，故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a long history of official and nongovernmental giant panda exchanges and cooperation between China and the United States. On Dec 6, 2000, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian ____36____ (send) to the Smithsonian’s National Zoo in Washington, D.C., ____37____ they gave birth to Tai Shan in 2005. Tai Shan is ____38____ (popular) panda, with the most fans worldwide.
According to the agreement, giant pandas born abroad must rectum ____39____ China when they reach the age of two. In 2007, due to strong demand from the US public, the Chinese government agreed to extend Tai Shan’s stay in the United States for an ____40____ (addition) two years.
The giant panda is unique to China and one of the oldest ____41____ (survive) species on Earth. In 1869, the French ____42____ (natural) and missionary Armand David, introduced the unique animal to the Western world. Since then, the giant panda ____43____ (win) the love of people around the world. There are ____44____ (current) 1,864 wild giant pandas in China and at the end of last year, there were another 698 in captivity.
According to figures from the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, between 1957 and 1982, China gifted 24 giant pandas to 9 countries. Since the 1980s, with the _____45_____ (mark) decline in numbers, China has stopped sending giant pandas as presents to other countries. Instead, it engages with them in international cooperation and research.
【答案】36. were sent
37. where 38. the most popular
39. to 40. additional
41. surviving
42. naturalist
43. has won
44. currently
45. marked
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中美两国之间在大熊猫保护方面的合作历史。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：2000年12月6日，“美香”和“添添”被送往华盛顿特区的史密森尼国家动物园，并于2005年在那里生下了“泰山”。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。根据On Dec 6, 2000可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。同时Mei Xiang and Tian Tian 与send之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were sent。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词Washington, D.C.，表示“在华盛顿”。故填where。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：泰山是最受欢迎的熊猫，拥有全世界最多的粉丝。句中使用形容词作表语，根据后文的with the most fans worldwide，此处表示“最受欢迎的”，故使用形容词popular的最高级。故填the most popular。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：根据协议，在国外出生的大熊猫必须在两岁时返回中国。句中return to为固定短语，意为“回到某地”。故填to。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2007年，由于美国公众的强烈要求，中国政府同意将泰山在美国的停留时间再延长两年。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，additional意为“额外的”，符合句意。故填additional。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：大熊猫是中国特有的动物，也是地球上现存最古老的物种之一。分析句子，设空处使用survive的形容词surviving作定语，修饰名词，意为“健在的”，符合句意。故填surviving。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：1869年，法国自然学家和传教士阿曼德·大卫将这种独特的动物介绍给了西方世界。分析句子，设空处使用natural的名词naturalist作主语，意为“自然学家”。故填naturalist。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：从那以后，大熊猫赢得了全世界人们的喜爱。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中since then为现在完成时的时间标志，意为“从那以后”。主语是 the giant panda，助动词用has。故填has won。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国目前有1864只野生大熊猫，截至去年年底，还有698只圈养大熊猫。分析句子，设空处使用current的副词currently作状语，意为“目前地”。故填currently。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：自20世纪80年代以来，随着大熊猫数量的显著下降，中国已停止向其他国家赠送大熊猫作为礼物。分析句子，设空处使用mark的形容词marked作定语，修饰名词decline，意为“明显的，显著的”。故填marked。
第四部分 写作(共两节;满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。你因病没能按时参加英语口语考试，请你写一封邮件向外教Smith女士说明情况，请求补考，内容包括：
1. 说明情况；
2. 请求给予补考机会；
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ms. Smith,
I’m Li Hua, a senior at your high school.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Miss Smith,
I’m Li Hua, a senior at your high school. I’m writing to ask for a chance to take the oral test again. Last week, I suffered from a very high fever. The doctor suggested I ask for a sick leave. I followed his advice but unluckily, I missed Thursday’s oral test. When I knew I failed my favorite subject because of my illness, I felt very terrible and anxious. Actually, I’ve been studying very hard at English the whole year and I think I’ve made great improvements with your help. I plead you to give me another chance to reappear in the test so that I will be able to improve my grade.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Smith女士写一封邮件，向她说明你因病没能按时参加英语口语考试的情况，并请求补考。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：chance →opportunity
不幸地：unluckily →unfortunately
由于：because of →owing to
取得进步：make improvements →make progress
2.句式拓展
状语从句变为现在分词作状语
原句：When I knew I failed my favorite subject because of my illness, I felt very terrible and anxious.
拓展句：Knowing I failed my favorite subject because of my illness, I felt very terrible and anxious.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The doctor suggested I ask for a sick leave.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句，且从句使用了虚拟语气，省略了should）
【高分句型2】I plead you to give me another chance to reappear in the test so that I will be able to improve my grade.（运用了so that引导的结果状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I used to be very active in sports and games when I was in primary school. As a result, I was chosen to represent the school in the long jump and relay events at the District Sports Meet. I promised myself I would make every effort so as not to leave the meet empty-handed.
The meeting lasted two days. Our events were scheduled for the second day. The long jump was scheduled for the early afternoon， followed by the 8 x 50m relay later in the afternoon. I thought I was a pretty good jumper, but as the competition began, I realized I was vastly outclassed. 3. 65m was not bad. But there was boy who jumped over 4 meters! We finished our jumps，and I came in fourth place， just missing out on a medal. That was disappointing, but I reminded myself that we still had a chance in the 8 X 50m relay，for which I was assigned to run the last leg.
The race was about to begin. We filed into our assigned spots and prepared for the race. After a tense minute or so, I heard the starter’s gun go off. When the first runners took off, I watched with bated breath (屏住呼吸地) as my team runners kept up with the others. As they got closer, I realized we were at least in second place.
Then came my turn. I took the baton (接力棒) cleanly and began my run. The air rushed past me as I moved closer to the next runner. I was sure the medal which we dreamed of was within easy reach. Then disaster struck! I saw a boy，about 2-or-3-year-old， run across the track into my path out of nowhere. Quite likely, his parent didn’t notice what was happening. I couldn’t get away from him fast enough. I couldn’t avoid hitting him if I continued running for my medal.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I had to make a decision in only seconds.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I cried, realizing I missed out on another medal.
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【答案】参考范文
I had to make a decision in only seconds. Of course, I could push him off my track and kept running but that way, he might get seriously hurt. If I stopped, it might cost us valuable time. I was in a dilemma. However, I somehow slowed down and stopped suddenly. The little boy turned to me and burst out laughing. I rounded him and began to run again with all my might, but it’s too late. We’d blown our chance at a medal.
I cried, realizing I missed out on another medal. I didn’t regret, but at the thought of the fact that we had no choice but to leave the meet empty-handed, tears streamed down my cheeks. To my surprise, my teacher and classmates ran to hug me tightly. My teacher said he was proud of me, adding that it was the real spirit of sport. As a 10-year-old, I didn’t quite understand that, but they did impress me and leave me feeling both bitter and sweet.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者小学的时候非常积极地参加体育和比赛，因此被选中代表学校参加地区运动会的单人跳和接力赛。比赛当天，作者单人跳只获得了第四名，无缘奖牌。而接力赛上又因为突发状况也错失奖牌的经历。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我必须在几秒钟内做出决定。”可知，第一段可描写作者跑步过程中面对突发情况时做出的决定导致作者错失奖牌。
②由第二段首句内容“我哭了，意识到我错过了另一枚奖牌。”可知，第二段可描写作者赛后的失望，老师和同学们表扬作者，以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：作出决定——停止跑——无缘奖牌——失望——表扬——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①失去机会：blow one’s chance/ miss opportunities
②用尽全力：with all my might/ to the best of my ability
③以……为骄傲：be proud of/take pride in
情绪类
①高兴：burst out laughing/burst into laughter
②遗憾：regret/repent/be sorry
③伤心：tears stream down my checks/ tears running down my cheeks
【点睛】[高分句型1] I didn’t regret, but at the thought of the fact that we had no choice but to leave the meet empty-handed, tears streamed down my cheeks.（运用了that引导同位语从句和but连接并列句）
[高分句型2] My teacher said he was proud of me, adding that it was the real spirit of sport.（运用了现在分词作状语和that引导宾语从句）
听力答案：1—5 CCBAC 6—10 ACBCA 11—15 CCABC 16—20 BBABB
