北京十二中2022—2023学年第一学期高一年级英语期中考试题
考生须知：
1.本试卷共8页，分为两部分。总分100分。考试时间90分钟。
2.将选择题答案填涂在答题卡上，第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
3.考试结束时，收答题卡。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When it came time to vote for the speaker at graduation in the class meeting, Ms. Lenihan asked who would like to be our class speaker. Being a (an) ____1____ girl, I tried not to make eye contact. Seeing several classmates go up to the front to state why they should be the speakers, I felt a sense of ____2____. But at last Ms. Lenihan ____3____ in front of us and said, “We will have another meeting this week, and I expect to see more participation. I am ____4____ that some of you are just sitting there when you should be up here!” When she said those words, I looked up to see she was glaring right at me. I felt so nervous, but knowing she had so much ____5____ in me, I should not let her down.
After spending the whole week practicing a speech, I stood up in front of my classmates. There were eight to ten other participants, and I didn’t ____6____ much for myself. When the votes came in the next day, Ms. Lenihan announced that the class chose me! I would have to stand up in front of our entire school to make a speech. My ____7____ level went through the roof, but Ms. Lenihan told me she was glad that I had stepped up to the ____8____.
Over the next month I worked on my graduation speech. When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous, ____9____ when I looked at Ms. Lenihan, I remembered the whole reason I was up there was that she believed in me. I believe I ____10____ that day, and will always remember the encouragement that Ms. Lenihan gave me.
1. A. shy B. honest C. outgoing D. lazy
2. A. duty B. shame C. loss D. relief
3. A. stayed up B. climbed up C. marched up D. pulled up
4. A. disappointed B. depressed C. embarrassed D. frightened
5. A. faith B. interest C. pride D. ambition
6 A. win B. expect C. prove D. share
7. A. threat B. anxiety C. excitement D. depression
8. A. achievement B. destination C. failure D. challenge
9. A. till B. then C. but D. so
10. A. proceeded B. promised C. encouraged D. changed
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己是一个害羞的女孩，最终在老师的帮助下站在全校师生面前发表毕业演讲。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个害羞的女孩，我尽量不去和别人有眼神交流。A.shy害羞的；B.honest诚实的；C.outgoing外向的；D.lazy懒的。根据句中的“I tried not to make eye contact.”可知，作者是一个害羞的女孩。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到几个同学走到前面去陈述为什么他们应该是演讲者，我感到如释重负。A.duty责任；B.shame羞愧；C.loss损失；D.relief欣慰。根据语境可知，有好几个同学主动表示要做班级的发言人，害羞的作者不需要参与演讲，所以感到如释重负。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但最后勒尼汉老师走到我们面前说：“这周我们还将举行一次会议，我希望看到更多的参与。我很失望，你们中有些人应该站在这里，却只是坐在那里！”A.stayed up熬夜；B.climbed up爬上；C.marched up挺进；D.pulled up停下。根据“in front of us and said,”可知，勒尼汉老师走到学生们的前面讲话。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但最后勒尼汉老师走到我们面前说，“这周我们还将举行一次会议，我希望看到更多的参与。我很失望，你们中有些人应该站在这里，却只是坐在那里！”A.disappointed失望的；B.depressed沮丧的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.frightened害怕的。根据句中“some of you are just sitting there when you should be up here!”可知，勒尼汉老师对不踊跃参加的同学感到失望。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到很紧张，但是知道她对我有这么多的信心，我不应该让她失望。A.faith信念；B.interest兴趣；C.pride自豪；D.ambition雄心。短语have faith in，意为“相信”。根据句中“I should not let her down.”以及下文“When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous, 9 when I looked at Ms. Lenihan, I remembered the whole reason I was up there was that she had faith in me.(当我站在全校师生面前的时候，我仍然很紧张，但当我看着勒尼汉老师的时候，我想起我之所以站在那里，是因为她相信我)”可知，勒尼汉老师对作者很有信心。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：还有8到10个参与者，我对自己的期望不高。A.win赢得；B.expect期望；C.prove证明；D.share分享。根据语境可知，因为还有8到10位参与选拔的同学，作者对自己能否成功地成为班级的演讲者的期望不高。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的焦虑程度飙升到了极点，但勒尼汉老师告诉我，她很高兴我接受了挑战。A.threat威胁；B.anxiety焦虑；C.excitement激动；D.depression抑郁，沮丧。根据上句“I would have to stand up in front of our entire school to make a speech.(我将不得不站在我们全校（师生）的面前发表演讲)”可知，作者要站在全校师生面前发表演讲，这是一个挑战，所以非常焦虑。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的焦虑程度飙升到了极点，但勒尼汉老师告诉我，她很高兴我接受了挑战。A.achievement成就；B.destination目的地；C.failure失败；D.challenge挑战。根据“Being a(an) 1 girl, I tried not to make eye contact.(作为一个害羞的女孩，我尽量不去和别人有眼神交流)”可知，作者是个害羞的女孩，能够战胜自我，在全校师生面前发表演讲，这是一个挑战。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我站在全校师生面前的时候，我仍然很紧张，但当我看着勒尼汉老师的时候，我想起我之所以站在那里，是因为她相信我。A.till直到；B.then然后；C.but但是；D.so因此。根据语境可知，设空处的前后句子为转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信那天我改变了，也会永远记得勒尼汉老师给我的鼓励。A. proceeded开始；B. promised答应；C. encouraged鼓励；D.changed改变。根据本句中“and will always remember the encouragement that Ms. Lenihan gave me.”可知，勒尼汉老师给作者鼓励，使他能减缓紧张情绪，所以作者相信自己改变了。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1分;共10分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文或句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My exchange year is about to end. Without doubt, this experience has been worthwhile. I have ____11____(successful) improved my language skills through ____12____(conversation) with others and my studies in school. My speech team experience helped my English presentation skills to develop. I understood more about how to present in public ____13____ an effective and fun way. I met all kinds of people there and had fun doing so.
【答案】11. successfully
12. conversations 13. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者作为交换生的学习经历。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：通过与他人的交谈和在学校的学习，我成功地提高了自己的语言技能。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词improved。故填successfully。
【12题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：通过与他人的交谈和在学校的学习，我成功地提高了自己的语言技能。分析句子可知，此空应填名词复数形式，和and后面my studies 为并列关系。故填conversations。
【13题详解】
考查介词。句意：我更了解如何以一种有效而有趣的方式在公众面前展示。分析句子可知，这里考查 in an effective and fun way表“以一种有效而有趣的方式”，其中in a...way为常用搭配。故填in。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文或句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Smog hits Beijing frequently, ____14____has caused widespread concern. To raise people’s awareness, our class ____15____ (hold) a series of activities last week. My group was responsible for a presentation at the class meeting. We first searched the Internet to find out the causes, ____16____(harm) effects and ways to deal with haze. Then we presented our research findings to the whole class.
【答案】14. which
15. held 16. harmful
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者班级上周举行一系列活动来提高人们对北京雾霾的关注。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：雾霾频繁袭击北京，引起了广泛关注。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，在从句中作主语。故填which。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：为了提高人们的意识，我们班上周举办了一系列活动。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，our class与hold为主动关系，且由 last week可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填held。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们首先在互联网上搜索，找出雾霾的原因、有害影响和处理方法。分析句子可知，这里应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词effects。故填harmful。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文或句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After college I became a volunteer teacher. I hoped ____17____(make) a difference in Namibia. Honestly, my first choice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I ____18____ (send) there. ____19____(variety) racial groups live in Namibia, and a number of languages are spoken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the official language. Teachers were supposed to teach in English, ____20____ many lacked the language skills to do so. My job was to train the teachers.
【答案】17. to make
18. was sent
19. Various
20. but
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在纳米比亚做志愿者的经历。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望能在纳米比亚有所作为。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词hope，所以make应该用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”。故填to make。
【18题详解】
考查动词语态和时态。句意：老实说，我的第一选择不是非洲，但我非常感激我被派往那里。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，send作从句中的谓语，主语是I，两者是被动关系，用被动语态，根据句意，描述的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填was sent。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：纳米比亚居住着不同的种族群体，使用多种语言。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，variety的形容词形式是various，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Various。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：教师应该用英语授课，但许多人缺乏语言技能。分析句子结构，根据前文“Teachers were supposed to teach in English”和后文“many lacked the language skills to do so”可知，两句是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Kids Connect is a camp specifically for children with physical and mild intellectual disabilities aged 9—16 (Individual consideration given to those over the age of 16). It is held in Blockhouse Bay, Auckland. Occasionally, we require meeting a child before camp to ensure we are able to meet their needs during the camp. Acceptance is not automatic, but at the discretion (自行决定权) of the camp director.
Our camps are conducted by experienced staff. We take every effort to give your children a safe and enjoyable weekend. Our aim is that every child comes away with lasting memories of what they have experienced, explored and enjoyed at our camp.
We focus on building strong, healthy relationships with other children (with and without physical disabilities) and with group leaders.
We have a weekend packed full of activities, action and fun.
●Team games and competitions, songs
●Orienteering (定向越野) on a wheelchair accessible track
●Quad bikes (四轮摩托车)
●Craft
●Discussions, great food and loads of fun!
The camp fee is approximately $135 (subject to change). We also accept payment by way of Ministry of Health career support forms.
Day visits and rates can be organized on an individual basis if a full weekend stay is unsuitable.
For a registration form or for more information, please email info@cbm.org.nz or phone 09630 5271.
Kids Connect
Box 8774, Symonds Street Auckland 1150
Website: www.cbm.org.nz
21. Why do the organizers sometimes need to meet the child before camp
A. To build a connection with the child. B. To give the child a medical test.
C. To satisfy their needs. D. To make sure the child is disabled.
22. What can children do at the camp
A. Carry out research activities. B. Practice favorite hobbies.
C. Enjoy outdoor activities. D. Learn to cook.
23. Who is the text probably written for
A. Outdoor enthusiasts. B. Parents.
C. International travelers. D. Teenagers.
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个针对残疾儿童的周末度假营地，包括其面向的人群、活动、费用等信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Occasionally, we require meeting a child before camp to ensure we are able to meet their needs during the camp. (有时，我们会要求在夏令营开始前与孩子见面，以确保我们能够满足他们在营地期间的需求。)”可知，组织者有时需要在露营前与孩子见面是为了满足他们的需求。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“We have a weekend packed full of activities, action and fun. (我们有一个充满活动、行动和乐趣的周末。)”和其下列出的“Orienteering (定向越野) on a wheelchair accessible track (在轮椅可到达的道路上进行定向越野)”和“Quad bikes (四轮摩托车)”可知，在营地里孩子们可以享受户外活动。故选C项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We take every effort to give your children a safe and enjoyable weekend. (我们将尽一切努力让您的孩子度过一个安全愉快的周末。)”可推知，这篇文章面向的群体是家长，期望吸引他们为孩子报名该营地的活动。故选B项。
B
Growing up in rural Malawi, Africa, William Kamkwamba learned to accept that life was hard. He lived with his parents and seven sisters in a small clay house without electricity or running water. Like most boys in his village, William was expected to assist his parents on the family farm, as well as keep up with his school work. Each night, like most Malawians, his family went to bed early because the kerosene oil they needed to light the lamps was costly.
When he was 10, a terrible drought left many Malawians hungry and William’s family was no exception. At the age of 13, William and many other children were forced to drop out of school when their parents could no longer afford his schooling. William had to work even harder to help his family, but he wasn’t ready to give up his education. He went to the local library and took out some books to study. One book, called Using Energy, sparked William’s interest in science and gave him an idea that significantly changed his future.
In the book, William found a picture of a windmill, and a brief description of how it could be used to generate electricity from wind. He knew that there was plenty of wind in his village, and realized that if he could build a windmill like that, he could give his family and the people in his village a much better life. There was just one problem. The book didn’t explain how to build a windmill, and neither did any of the other books in the library.
What happened over the next year demonstrated William’s incredible ambition and determination. He began to collect any kinds of materials he thought could be useful—scraps of wood, broken bicycles, old shoes—and started to build a windmill next to his family’s house. He endured many challenges and failures. Other people in his village called him crazy and said his idea would never work. Finally, at the age of 14, William completed his first windmill. When they saw electric lights and heard the sound of music on the radio coming from William’s house, the village people came running. He had done it. William Kamkwamba had found a way to capture the wind.
Kamkwamba’s autobiography, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, tells the story of how the rest of the world came to know about his achievements. With the help of international supporters, his village now has clean running water, solar powered lighting, and electric power. As a result of his actions, Kamkwamba was invited to study engineering at Dartmouth College, one of the top-ranking universities in the U. S. He also travels the world and gives talks about how he made his dream a reality.
24. William went to the local library because ________.
A. he wanted to find some materials for his invention B. it was his favorite way to kill time and relax
C. it was believed to be a way to change his fate D. he wanted to continue his education
25. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A. why the windmill is so attractive B. how William got inspired by a book
C. why William decided to continue his education D. how a windmill works to produce electricity
26. William Kamkwamba can be best described as ________.
A. brave and patient B. honest and forgiving
C. ambitious and determined D. reasonable and humorous
27. What is the message conveyed in the passage
A. We should strike while the iron is hot.
B. A good beginning makes a good end.
C. One who lives his dream can make a difference.
D. You’d better not put all the eggs in one basket.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了William Kamkwamba从一本书得到灵感，凭借着雄心和决心修建了自己的风车，他还环游世界，并发表演讲，讲述他是如何实现自己的梦想的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“William had to work even harder to help his family, but he wasn’t ready to give up his education. He went to the local library and took out some books to study.(William不得不更加努力地工作来帮助他的家庭，但他不准备放弃学业。他去了当地的图书馆，拿出了一些书来学习)”可知，William去了当地的图书馆，因为他想继续他的教育。故选D。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“In the book, William found a picture of a windmill, and a brief description of how it could be used to generate electricity from wind. He knew that there was plenty of wind in his village, and realized that if he could build a windmill like that, he could give his family and the people in his village a much better life. There was just one problem. The book didn’t explain how to build a windmill, and neither did any of the other books in the library.(在这本书中，William找到了一张风车的图片，并简要描述了风车是如何利用风力发电的。他知道他的村子里有很多风，并且意识到如果他能建一个这样的风车，他可以给他的家人和村子里的人更好的生活。只有一个问题。这本书没有解释如何建造风车，图书馆里的其他书也没有)”可知，第三段主要是关于William是如何从一本书中得到灵感的。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What happened over the next year demonstrated William’s incredible ambition and determination. He began to collect any kinds of materials he thought could be useful—scraps of wood, broken bicycles, old shoes—and started to build a windmill next to his family’s house. He endured many challenges and failures. Other people in his village called him crazy and said his idea would never work. Finally, at the age of 14, William completed his first windmill. When they saw electric lights and heard the sound of music on the radio coming from William’s house, the village people came running. He had done it. William Kamkwamba had found a way to capture the wind. (接下来的一年里发生的事情显示了William不可思议的雄心和决心。他开始收集任何他认为可能有用的材料——碎木头、破自行车、旧鞋子——并开始在他家附近建造一座风车。他经受了许多挑战和失败。村里的其他人都说他疯了，说他的想法根本行不通。 最终，在14岁的时候，威廉完成了他的第一座风车。当他们看到电灯，听到从威廉家传来的收音机里传来的音乐声时，村民们都跑了过来。他做到了。 William Kamkwamba找到了一种捕捉风的方法)”可推知，对William Kamkwamba最恰当的描述是：雄心勃勃和决心坚定。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Kamkwamba’s autobiography, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, tells the story of how the rest of the world came to know about his achievements. With the help of international supporters, his village now has clean running water, solar powered lighting, and electric power. As a result of his actions, Kamkwamba was invited to study engineering at Dartmouth College, one of the top-ranking universities in the U. S. He also travels the world and gives talks about how he made his dream a reality.(Kamkwamba的自传《驾驭风的男孩》讲述了世界上其他人是如何知道他的成就的。在国际支持者的帮助下，他的村庄现在有了清洁的自来水、太阳能照明和电力。由于他的行动，Kamkwamba被邀请到达特茅斯学院学习工程学，这是美国最顶尖的大学之一。他还环游世界，并发表演讲，讲述他是如何实现自己的梦想的)”结合文章主要讲述了William Kamkwamba从一本书得到灵感，凭借着雄心和决心修建了自己的风车，他还环游世界，并发表演讲，讲述他是如何实现自己的梦想的。可推知，这篇文章传达的信息是一个实现梦想的人可以改变世界。故选C。
C
More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年) before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.
But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship —young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university with up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said.
28. What do we learn about the gap year from the text
A. It is flexible in length.
B. It is a time for relaxation.
C. It is increasingly popular.
D. It is required by universities.
29. According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year_________.
A arc better prepared for college studies
B. know a lot more about their future jobs
C. are more likely to leave university in debt
D. have a better chance to enter top universities
30. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics
A. Attend additional courses.
B. Make plans for the new term.
C. Earn money for their education.
D. Prepare for their graduate studies.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多大学生选择间隔年的原因及现状。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“More students than ever before are taking a gap-year before going to university. (比以往任何时候都有更多的学生在上大学之前选择间隔年)”和第二段“That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.(参加间隔年的学生人数增加了创纪录的14.7%)”可知，越来越多的学生选择了间隔年，也就是说间隔年变得越来越流行。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible(经过精心规划的休学一年的学生更有可能对自己选择的课程感到满意，也更有可能完成自己选择的课程。休过间隔年的学生通常更成熟、更负责)”可知，那些选择间隔年的学生更成熟更有责任感，也就是说这些学生对大学生活会准备的更好。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods (越来越多的学生利用间隔年赚钱来支持他们攻读学位，这并不奇怪。国立大学的统计数据显示，超过40%的学生在学期期间被迫工作，而在假期期间，这一数字上升到90%)”可知，在假期现在越来越多的学生在上大学前一年出去打工挣钱交学费。故选C。
D
Most people have been taught that losing weight is a matter of simple math. Cut calories—specifically 3,500 calories, and you’ll lose a pound. But as it turns out, experts are learning that this decades-old strategy is actually pretty misguided. “This idea of ‘a calorie in and a calorie out’ when it comes to weight loss is not only outdated, it’s just wrong,” says Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford, an obesity specialist at Harvard Medical School. The truth is that even careful calorie calculations don’t always yield (产生) uniform results.
How your body burns calories depend on a number of factors. Three factors affect how your body processes (加工、消耗) calories.
Your gut microbiome (肠道微生物). Trillions of organisms live in your gut, and the important types may influence how many calories your body absorbs from food. This may occur because some types of organisms are able to break down and use more calories from certain foods than other types of organisms. Researchers have found that people who are naturally thin have different types of organisms living inside them than those who are overweight.
Your metabolism (新陈代谢). Each body has a “set point” that governs weight, says Dr. Stanford. This set point reflects several factors, including your genes, your environment, and your behaviors. A region at the base of your brain stands guard to keep your body weight from dipping below that set point—which is not really a bonus if you’re trying to lose weight.
The type of food you eat. Your food choices may also influence your calorie intake, and not just because of their specific calorie content. One 2019 study published in Cell Metabolism found that eating processed foods seems to spur people to eat more calories compared with eating unprocessed foods.
If counting calories isn’t a dependable way to manage your weight, what can you do to shed extra pounds Dr. Stanford recommends the following.
●Focus on diet quality. When planning your meals, focus on choosing unprocessed foods, including lean meats, whole grains, and lots of fruits and vegetables in their natural form.
●Exercise regularly. Aim to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Moderate exercise is done at a level where you can talk, but not sing.
●Consult a professional. “A lot of people believe it’s a moral failing if they are unable to lose weight,” says Dr. Stanford. But it’s not. As with other medical conditions, many people will need help from a doctor. Successful weight loss may require more than just diet and exercise. “Only 2% of people who meet the criteria for the use of anti-obesity medications actually get them. This means that 98% of people who could be treated aren’t,” she says, “Don’t be afraid to seek help if you need it.”
31. What can we infer from Paragraph 1
A. Calorie calculations always lead to good results.
B. Losing weight lies in losing calorie.
C. The old theory about losing weight is wrong.
D. If you cut 7,000 calories, you will lose 2 pounds.
32. The processing of calories is affected by how you .
A. focus on the quality of your diet
B. choose the types of food you consume
C. adjust your brain to the “set point”
D. reduce the organisms living in your gut
33. The underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 6 means “ ”.
A. weigh B. produce C. lose D. cost
34. It is implied in the passage that _______.
A. a healthy lifestyle is key to weight loss
B. losing weight can be double-edged
C. healthy eating keeps you losing weight
D. cutting calories is essential for weight loss
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了事实证明传统的减肥策略是一种误导，并介绍了燃烧卡路里的三方面因素及斯坦福博士对减肥的三条建议。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But as it turns out, experts are learning that this decades-old strategy is actually pretty misguided. “This idea of ‘a calorie in and a calorie out’ when it comes to weight loss is not only outdated, it’s just wrong,” says Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford, an obesity specialist at Harvard Medical School. (但事实证明，专家们发现，这种几十年策略实际上是非常错误的。哈佛医学院肥胖专家法蒂玛·科迪·斯坦福博士说:“在减肥方面，‘摄入一卡路里，排出一卡路里’的想法不仅过时，而且是错误的。)”从第一自然段我们可以推断出旧的理论实际上误导了我们，故选C项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Three factors affect how your body processes (加工、消耗) calories. (有三个因素影响你的身体如何处理卡路里。)”及下面列举的三个因素“Your gut microbiome (肠道微生物).”(你的肠道微生物)；“Your metabolism (新陈代谢).”(你的新陈代谢)；“The type of food you eat.”(你吃的食物类型)；再结合四个选项可知处理卡路里受你选择食物种类的影响。故选B项。
【33题详解】
猜测词义题。根据第六段前半句“If counting calories isn’t a dependable way to manage your weight,”(如果计算卡路里不是控制体重的可靠方法)可推知后半句“what can you do to shed extra pounds ”(那么你能做些什么来减掉多余的体重呢 )，所以shed是减掉的意思，即A. weigh称重量；B. produce产生；C. lose失去，减掉；D. cost花费，故选C项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“Dr. Stanford recommends the following. (斯坦福建议如下博士。)”和最后三段的三个中心句“Focus on diet quality. (注重饮食质量。)”； “Exercise regularly. (定期锻炼。)”和“Consult a professional. (请教专业人士。)”可知，文章中暗示健康的生活方式是减肥的关键。故选A项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Walking Under Liverpool
In most ways, the English city of Liverpool is no different from other large cities. It is full of people, restaurants, museums, and shops. However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way. ____35____ For many years, the tunnels (地道) were nearly forgotten. There was no evidence that the tunnels were real. In 2001, a small group of curious people were delighted to discover that the old ales were true. A huge network of tunnels snaked under the city.
We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s. A man named Joseph Williamson designed them. ____36____ Why did Williamson want the tunnels Were they ever used If so, for what We can only guess.
____37____ Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. Another guess is that Williamson used the tunnels for secret business.
Still others think that Williamson built the tunnels for safety reasons. Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen. ____38____
____39____ Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels. Maybe he wrote down his reasons and put the papers somewhere in the tunnels. Perhaps those papers will one day be found. For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains.
A But there is a lot we still don’t know.
B. The ideas are interesting, but no one knows the truth.
C. Under the busy streets, there are miles of old tunnels.
D. Some people who study the tunnels have got new findings.
E. One idea is that Williamson, who was rich, was trying to help others.
F. Nor does anyone know for sure even how many of the tunnels there are.
G. The tunnels would have offered protection for himself and his loved ones.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. E 38. G 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章以走在利物浦为题，介绍了英国城市利物浦与众不同的地方，在于它有许多地道及其相关知识。
【35题详解】
上文“However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way.(然而，利物浦以一种有趣的方式脱颖而出。)”可知文章开始引入主题，表明利物浦有与众不同的地方；下文“For many years, the tunnels were nearly forgotten. (多年来，这些地道几乎被遗忘。)”可知，利物浦脱颖而出的原因在于这些地道。C项“在繁忙的街道下，有几英里长的旧地道。”承上启下，指出这里有很多地道，承接上文，并引起下文详细讲解这些地道。故选C项。
【36题详解】
上文“We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s.(我们现在知道的这些地道是在19世纪早期修建的。)”在说明我们目前所了解的地道信息；下文“Why did Williamson want the tunnels Were they ever used If so, for what (威廉姆森为什么想要建地道 它们曾经被使用过吗 如果被用过，做了什么呢？)”三个问句，说明依然还有有关地道不了解的信息。A项“但还有很多我们还不知道的信息。”与上文形成对照，与下文一致。故选A项。
【37题详解】
下文“Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. (那时候很多人都失业了，而威廉姆森是出了名的善良。也许他提出地道工程是为了给人们提供工作。)”说明威廉姆森建地道的其中一个原因可能是为了帮助别人。E项“其中一个想法是，富有的威廉姆森试图帮助他人。”中的to help others (帮助他人)与下文一致。故选E项。
【38题详解】
上文“Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen.(也许他是害怕会发生什么危险的事情。)”说明他建地道或许是出于安全考虑，以保护自己。G项“地道可以保护他和他所爱的人。”与上文一致。故选G项。
【39题详解】
下文“Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels.(威廉姆森没有告诉很多人他建造地道的原因。)” 和“For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains.(目前，威廉姆斯家族关于地道的谜团仍然存在。)”说明他建地道的原因依然都是猜测，真正的原因并没有人知道。B项“这些想法很有趣，但没有人知道真相。”no one knows the truth(没有人知道真实情况)与下文内容一致。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，37分)
第一节 阅读与表达(共3小题;第40题1分，第41题2分，第42题4分，共7分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
We often hear about the negative aspects of anxiety, but could there be any advantages or benefits that come from living with anxiety Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.
Many individuals with anxiety describe it as a feeling of nervousness and fear that can be distracting and all-consuming. It is typically experienced on many levels, affecting one’s emotions and leading to uncomfortable physical sensations, and negative thoughts. However, have you ever considered some of the possible positive effects that may come with having anxiety Scientists have learned that some degree of stress or anxiety isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Good stress, something now referred to as eustress, keeps us motivated and excited about life. It appears that some degree of anxiety may have similar “silver linings”.
Anxiety may be just the warning sign you need to bring awareness to your current situation and make some necessary changes in your life. For example, you may find that you have a friendship that is no longer working, or perhaps your job is causing a great deal of stress. Your anxiety can be difficult to manage, but exploring and coping with your anxiety can be a real opportunity for self-growth.
Anxiety may help you feel more motivated and prepared when faced with challenges. Research has shown that students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports. For instance, perhaps your anxiety assists you in putting extra effort into work or personal tasks, making a good impression, or moving towards your goals.
People who have dealt with anxiety may be more sympathetic and understanding to the problems that others face. Having gone through personal struggles yourself, you may be more sensitive, loving, and accepting when friends and family members are dealing with personal challenges.
Even though there can be some potential benefits to experiencing anxiety, it is worthwhile to point that it can also become a real hindrance to many aspects of your life. If anxiety is preventing you from living the life you desire, then it may be time to get professional help.
40. What is anxiety according to the passage
___________________________________________________________________
41. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests.
___________________________________________________________________
42. How will you deal with anxiety in your life (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】40 Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.
41. Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests. Because students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports.
42. In our daily life we can deal with anxiety by accommodating more or removing the volume that was creating the most pressure. For example, when I feel anxious, I will go running to release the pressure in this way。
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了焦虑的一些症状以及对人正反面的影响。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry. (焦虑是一种以强烈的恐惧和担忧为特征的感觉)”可知，焦虑是一种以强烈的恐惧和担忧为特征的感觉。故答案为Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry。
【41题详解】
考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中“Anxiety may help you feel more motivated and prepared when faced with challenges. Research has shown that students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports. (在面对挑战时，焦虑会让你更有动力，更有准备。研究表明，经历某种焦虑的学生和运动员实际上在考试或竞技运动中表现得更好。)”可知，错误部分为“students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests”，因为经历过焦虑的学生实际上在测试中表现得更好。故答案为Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests. Because students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports.
【42题详解】
开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你将如何处理生活中的焦虑？可回答：在我们的日常生活中，我们可以通过容纳更多或移除产生最大压力的体积来处理焦虑。例如，当我感到焦虑的时候，我会去跑步，用这种方式来释放压力。故答案可为In our daily life we can deal with anxiety by accommodating more or removing the volume that was creating the most pressure. For example, when I feel anxious, I will go running to release the pressure in this way。
第二节 根据下面所给中文，默写英文句子(共7小题;第43- 47题2分，第48题1分，第49题4分，共15分)。
43. 这就是我今天讲话的重点：你们每个人对自己的教育应尽的责任。（汉译英）
【答案】That’s what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句、定语从句和动词短语。根据汉语可知，句子为演讲的内容，针对的是当下的情况，时态宜用一般现在时。“这就是我今天讲话的重点”可理解为“这就是我今天想专注的东西”，主语“这”可用代词that，为单数，系动词“是”应用is，且主语和系动词可缩略为that’s，表语可用what引导的名词性从句，表示“……的东西”，从句中主语“我”为I，“想”可用动词短语want to (do sth.)，“专注”可用动词短语focus on，状语“今天”为today；“你们每个人对自己的教育应尽的责任”中“你们每个人对自己的教育应尽的”为“责任”的定语，“责任”可用名词短语the responsibility，指物，可用省略that的限制性定语从句作修饰，从句中主语“你们每个人”可用名词短语each of you，为单数，谓语“有”可用动词has，“对自己的教育”可用介词短语for your education。故可译为：That’s what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.
44. 因此，我今天呼吁你们每一个人为自己的教育设定目标，并尽自己的最大努力来实现这些目标。(汉译英)
【答案】Therefore, I call on each of you today to set goals for your education and do your best to achieve them.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和名词。根据中文提示可知，这里时态应用一般现在时，表示“因此”应用therefore，在本句中作状语；表示“我今天呼吁你们每一个人为自己的教育设定目标”应用句子 I call on each of you today to set goals for your education，其中call on表“呼吁”，为固定搭配，set goals for表“为……设定目标”，也为固定搭配；表示“并尽自己的最大努力来实现这些目标”应用短语and do your best to achieve them，其中try one’s best to do sth表“尽某人最大努力做某事”，为固定搭配。故翻译为Therefore, I call on each of you today to set goals for your education and do your best to achieve them。
45. 毅力是把生活当成一场马拉松而不是一次短跑。（汉译英）
【答案】Grit is living life like it’s a marathon, not a sprint.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、非谓语动词和状语从句。根据汉语可知，句子较为口语，针对的是当下的情况，时态应用一般现在时。主语“毅力”可用不可数名词grit，系动词“是”应用is，表语“生活”可用动名词短语living life，“把……当成”可用连词like，引导方式状语从句，从句中“一场马拉松”应理解为“它是一场马拉松”，主语“它”用代词it，指代前面提到的life，为第三人称单数，系动词“是”应用is，主语和系动词可缩略为it’s，表语“一场马拉松”应用名词短语a marathon，“不是一次短跑”可表达为not a sprint。故可译为：Grit is living life like it’s a marathon, not a sprint.
46. 因此，成长性思维模式对培养毅力大有裨益，但是我们需要更多。（汉译英）
【答案】So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语和非谓语动词。根据中文提示可知，这里时态可用一般现在时，表示“因此”可用副词so，在本句中作状语；表示“成长性思维模式”可用名词短语growth mindset，为单数，作主语；“对……大有裨益”可理解为“对……是一个好主意”，可用is a great idea for；表示“培养毅力”可用building grit，为动名词作介词的宾语。“但是我们需要更多”可单独成句，表示“但是”可用连词but，表示“我们”应用代词we，作主语，为复数，表示“需要更多”可用need more。故翻译为So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more.
47. 不时地与朋友见面很重要，而不能只在社交媒体上交流。（汉译英）
【答案】It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语和介词短语。根据汉语可知，句子针对的是当下的情况，时态应用一般现在时。“……很重要”可用固定句型It is important to do sth.，其中It is可缩略为It’s，“与朋友见面”可用动词短语meet friends in person，“不时地”可用介词短语from time to time，修饰动词短语，“而不能只在社交媒体上交流”中“交流”的意思已包含在整个句子中，可省略，“而不能只”可表达为not just，“在社交媒体上”可用介词短语on social media。故可译为：It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.
48. 为了实现我想要的一切，我必须好好利用时间。(汉译英)
【答案】In order to achieve everything that I want, I must make good use of my time.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词和定语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般现在时。表示“为了实现我想要的一切”应用短语in order to achieve everything that I want，其中in order to 表“为了”，为固定搭配，that I want为定语从句，修饰前面不定代词everything；表示“我必须好好利用时间”应用句子I must make good use of my time，其中 make use of 表“利用”，为固定搭配。故翻译为In order to achieve everything that I want, I must make good use of my time。
49. 然而，即使我们拥有最敬业的教师，最支持的家长和全世界最好的学校——这一切都毫无用处，都无关紧要，如果你们所有人不履行你们的责任，如果你不到校，如果你不专心听讲，如果你不听家长、祖父母和其他大人的话，如果你不付出取得成功所必须的勤奋努力。(汉译英)
【答案】However, even if we have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, and the best schools in the world—all these are useless and irrelevant, if all of you do not fulfill your responsibilities, if you do not attend school, if you do not listen attentively, if you do not listen to parents, grandparents, and other adults, if you do not put in the hard work necessary to achieve success.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句、条件状语从句和时态。根据所给中文提示词，“然而”译为“however”，“即使我们拥有最敬业的教师，最支持的家长和全世界最好的学校”应用even if引导的让步状语从句，译为“even if we have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, and the best schools in the world”，“这一切都毫无用处，都无关紧要”译为“all these are useless and irrelevant”，“如果你们所有人不履行你们的责任，如果你不到校，如果你不专心听讲，如果你不听家长、祖父母和其他大人的话，如果你不付出取得成功所必须的勤奋努力”为if引导的条件状语从句，译为“if all of you do not fulfill your responsibilities, if you do not attend school, if you do not listen attentively, if you do not listen to parents, grandparents, and other adults, if you do not put in the hard work necessary to achieve success”。全句用一般现在时，故填：However, even if we have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, and the best schools in the world—all these are useless and irrelevant, if all of you do not fulfill your responsibilities, if you do not attend school, if you do not listen attentively, if you do not listen to parents, grandparents, and other adults, if you do not put in the hard work necessary to achieve success.
第三节 书面表达(15分)。
50. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他最近过度使用手机，日常生活受到影响，他为此感到苦恼。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.表示理解；
2.你的建议及理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am sorry to know you are troubled by cellphone overuse. As a heavy cellphone user myself, I totally understand the stress and frustration you are feeling.
Fortunately, we can do a few things about it. For instance, we can set certain hours of the day as “cellphone time” and only pick up the phone during those hours. By doing so, we can reduce our screen time. We may also participate in group activities where we meet people face to face and thus don’t need to rely on the phone all the time to contact others.
I hope my suggestions can help and I'm sure you will get through this. Let me know if I can help in any way.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，对他在邮件中提到最近过度使用手机，日常生活受到影响表示理解，并给出建议。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.表示理解；
2.你的建议及理由。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
trouble，understand，set certain hours，pick up，participant in，face to face，rely on，get through
第三步：连词成句
I am sorry to know you are troubled by cellphone overuse.
As a heavy cellphone user myself, I totally understand the stress and frustration you are feeling.
Fortunately, we can do a few things about it.
For instance, we can set certain hours of the day as “cellphone time” and only pick up the phone during those hours.
We may also participate in group activities where we meet people face to face and thus don’t need to rely on the phone all the time to contact others.
I hope my suggestions can help and I’m sure you will get through this.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1]
We may also participate in group activities where we meet people face to face and thus don’t need to rely on the phone all the time to contact others.使用了where引导的定语从句和不定式作目的状语
[高分句型2]
I hope my suggestions can help and I’m sure you will get through this.使用了并列句和宾语从句北京十二中2022—2023学年第一学期高一年级英语期中考试题
考生须知：
1.本试卷共8页，分为两部分。总分100分。考试时间90分钟。
2.将选择题答案填涂在答题卡上，第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
3.考试结束时，收答题卡。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When it came time to vote for the speaker at graduation in the class meeting, Ms. Lenihan asked who would like to be our class speaker. Being a (an) ____1____ girl, I tried not to make eye contact. Seeing several classmates go up to the front to state why they should be the speakers, I felt a sense of ____2____. But at last Ms. Lenihan ____3____ in front of us and said, “We will have another meeting this week, and I expect to see more participation. I am ____4____ that some of you are just sitting there when you should be up here!” When she said those words, I looked up to see she was glaring right at me. I felt so nervous, but knowing she had so much ____5____ in me, I should not let her down.
After spending the whole week practicing a speech, I stood up in front of my classmates. There were eight to ten other participants, and I didn’t ____6____ much for myself. When the votes came in the next day, Ms. Lenihan announced that the class chose me! I would have to stand up in front of our entire school to make a speech. My ____7____ level went through the roof, but Ms. Lenihan told me she was glad that I had stepped up to the ____8____.
Over the next month I worked on my graduation speech. When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous, ____9____ when I looked at Ms. Lenihan, I remembered the whole reason I was up there was that she believed in me. I believe I ____10____ that day, and will always remember the encouragement that Ms. Lenihan gave me.
1. A. shy B. honest C. outgoing D. lazy
2. A. duty B. shame C. loss D. relief
3. A. stayed up B. climbed up C. marched up D. pulled up
4. A. disappointed B. depressed C. embarrassed D. frightened
5. A. faith B. interest C. pride D. ambition
6. A. win B. expect C. prove D. share
7. A. threat B. anxiety C. excitement D. depression
8. A. achievement B. destination C. failure D. challenge
9. A. till B. then C. but D. so
10. A. proceeded B. promised C. encouraged D. changed
第二节(共10小题:每小题1分;共10分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文或句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My exchange year is about to end. Without doubt, this experience has been worthwhile. I have ____11____(successful) improved my language skills through ____12____(conversation) with others and my studies in school. My speech team experience helped my English presentation skills to develop. I understood more about how to present in public ____13____ an effective and fun way. I met all kinds of people there and had fun doing so.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文或句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Smog hits Beijing frequently, ____14____has caused widespread concern. To raise people’s awareness, our class ____15____ (hold) a series of activities last week. My group was responsible for a presentation at the class meeting. We first searched the Internet to find out the causes, ____16____(harm) effects and ways to deal with haze. Then we presented our research findings to the whole class.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文或句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After college I became a volunteer teacher. I hoped ____17____(make) a difference in Namibia. Honestly, my first choice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I ____18____ (send) there. ____19____(variety) racial groups live in Namibia, and a number of languages are spoken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the official language. Teachers were supposed to teach in English, ____20____ many lacked the language skills to do so. My job was to train the teachers.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Kids Connect is a camp specifically for children with physical and mild intellectual disabilities aged 9—16 (Individual consideration given to those over the age of 16). It is held in Blockhouse Bay, Auckland. Occasionally, we require meeting a child before camp to ensure we are able to meet their needs during the camp. Acceptance is not automatic, but at the discretion (自行决定权) of the camp director.
Our camps are conducted by experienced staff. We take every effort to give your children a safe and enjoyable weekend. Our aim is that every child comes away with lasting memories of what they have experienced, explored and enjoyed at our camp.
We focus on building strong, healthy relationships with other children (with and without physical disabilities) and with group leaders.
We have a weekend packed full of activities, action and fun.
●Team games and competitions, songs
●Orienteering (定向越野) on a wheelchair accessible track
●Quad bikes (四轮摩托车)
●Craft
●Discussions, great food and loads of fun!
The camp fee is approximately $135 (subject to change). We also accept payment by way of Ministry of Health career support forms.
Day visits and rates can be organized on an individual basis if a full weekend stay is unsuitable.
For a registration form or for more information, please email info@cbm.org.nz or phone 09630 5271.
Kids Connect
Box 8774, Symonds Street Auckland 1150
Website: www.cbm.org.nz
21. Why do the organizers sometimes need to meet the child before camp
A. To build a connection with the child. B. To give the child a medical test.
C. To satisfy their needs. D. To make sure the child is disabled.
22. What can children do at the camp
A. Carry out research activities. B. Practice favorite hobbies.
C. Enjoy outdoor activities. D. Learn to cook.
23. Who is the text probably written for
A. Outdoor enthusiasts. B. Parents.
C. International travelers. D. Teenagers.
B
Growing up in rural Malawi, Africa, William Kamkwamba learned to accept that life was hard. He lived with his parents and seven sisters in a small clay house without electricity or running water. Like most boys in his village, William was expected to assist his parents on the family farm, as well as keep up with his school work. Each night, like most Malawians, his family went to bed early because the kerosene oil they needed to light the lamps was costly.
When he was 10, a terrible drought left many Malawians hungry and William’s family was no exception. At the age of 13, William and many other children were forced to drop out of school when their parents could no longer afford his schooling. William had to work even harder to help his family, but he wasn’t ready to give up his education. He went to the local library and took out some books to study. One book, called Using Energy, sparked William’s interest in science and gave him an idea that significantly changed his future.
In the book, William found a picture of a windmill, and a brief description of how it could be used to generate electricity from wind. He knew that there was plenty of wind in his village, and realized that if he could build a windmill like that, he could give his family and the people in his village a much better life. There was just one problem. The book didn’t explain how to build a windmill, and neither did any of the other books in the library.
What happened over the next year demonstrated William’s incredible ambition and determination. He began to collect any kinds of materials he thought could be useful—scraps of wood, broken bicycles, old shoes—and started to build a windmill next to his family’s house. He endured many challenges and failures. Other people in his village called him crazy and said his idea would never work. Finally, at the age of 14, William completed his first windmill. When they saw electric lights and heard the sound of music on the radio coming from William’s house, the village people came running. He had done it. William Kamkwamba had found a way to capture the wind.
Kamkwamba’s autobiography, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, tells the story of how the rest of the world came to know about his achievements. With the help of international supporters, his village now has clean running water, solar powered lighting, and electric power. As a result of his actions, Kamkwamba was invited to study engineering at Dartmouth College, one of the top-ranking universities in the U. S. He also travels the world and gives talks about how he made his dream a reality.
24. William went to the local library because ________.
A. he wanted to find some materials for his invention B. it was his favorite way to kill time and relax
C. it was believed to be a way to change his fate D. he wanted to continue his education
25 Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A. why the windmill is so attractive B. how William got inspired by a book
C. why William decided to continue his education D. how a windmill works to produce electricity
26. William Kamkwamba can be best described as ________.
A. brave and patient B. honest and forgiving
C. ambitious and determined D. reasonable and humorous
27. What is the message conveyed in the passage
A. We should strike while the iron is hot.
B. A good beginning makes a good end.
C. One who lives his dream can make a difference.
D. You’d better not put all the eggs in one basket.
C
More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年) before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.
But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship —young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university with up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said.
28. What do we learn about the gap year from the text
A It is flexible in length.
B. It is a time for relaxation.
C. It is increasingly popular.
D. It is required by universities.
29. According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year_________.
A. arc better prepared for college studies
B. know a lot more about their future jobs
C. are more likely to leave university in debt
D. have a better chance to enter top universities
30. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics
A. Attend additional courses.
B Make plans for the new term.
C. Earn money for their education.
D. Prepare for their graduate studies.
D
Most people have been taught that losing weight is a matter of simple math. Cut calories—specifically 3,500 calories, and you’ll lose a pound. But as it turns out, experts are learning that this decades-old strategy is actually pretty misguided. “This idea of ‘a calorie in and a calorie out’ when it comes to weight loss is not only outdated, it’s just wrong,” says Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford, an obesity specialist at Harvard Medical School. The truth is that even careful calorie calculations don’t always yield (产生) uniform results.
How your body burns calories depend on a number of factors. Three factors affect how your body processes (加工、消耗) calories.
Your gut microbiome (肠道微生物). Trillions of organisms live in your gut, and the important types may influence how many calories your body absorbs from food. This may occur because some types of organisms are able to break down and use more calories from certain foods than other types of organisms. Researchers have found that people who are naturally thin have different types of organisms living inside them than those who are overweight.
Your metabolism (新陈代谢). Each body has a “set point” that governs weight, says Dr. Stanford. This set point reflects several factors, including your genes, your environment, and your behaviors. A region at the base of your brain stands guard to keep your body weight from dipping below that set point—which is not really a bonus if you’re trying to lose weight.
The type of food you eat. Your food choices may also influence your calorie intake, and not just because of their specific calorie content. One 2019 study published in Cell Metabolism found that eating processed foods seems to spur people to eat more calories compared with eating unprocessed foods.
If counting calories isn’t a dependable way to manage your weight, what can you do to shed extra pounds Dr. Stanford recommends the following.
●Focus on diet quality. When planning your meals, focus on choosing unprocessed foods, including lean meats, whole grains, and lots of fruits and vegetables in their natural form.
●Exercise regularly. Aim to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Moderate exercise is done at a level where you can talk, but not sing.
●Consult a professional. “A lot of people believe it’s a moral failing if they are unable to lose weight,” says Dr. Stanford. But it’s not. As with other medical conditions, many people will need help from a doctor. Successful weight loss may require more than just diet and exercise. “Only 2% of people who meet the criteria for the use of anti-obesity medications actually get them. This means that 98% of people who could be treated aren’t,” she says, “Don’t be afraid to seek help if you need it.”
31 What can we infer from Paragraph 1
A. Calorie calculations always lead to good results.
B. Losing weight lies in losing calorie.
C. The old theory about losing weight is wrong.
D. If you cut 7,000 calories, you will lose 2 pounds.
32. The processing of calories is affected by how you .
A. focus on the quality of your diet
B. choose the types of food you consume
C. adjust your brain to the “set point”
D. reduce the organisms living in your gut
33. The underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 6 means “ ”.
A. weigh B. produce C. lose D. cost
34. It is implied in the passage that _______.
A. a healthy lifestyle is key to weight loss
B. losing weight can be double-edged
C. healthy eating keeps you losing weight
D. cutting calories is essential for weight loss
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Walking Under Liverpool
In most ways, the English city of Liverpool is no different from other large cities. It is full of people, restaurants, museums, and shops. However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way. ____35____ For many years, the tunnels (地道) were nearly forgotten. There was no evidence that the tunnels were real. In 2001, a small group of curious people were delighted to discover that the old ales were true. A huge network of tunnels snaked under the city.
We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s. A man named Joseph Williamson designed them. ____36____ Why did Williamson want the tunnels Were they ever used If so, for what We can only guess.
____37____ Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. Another guess is that Williamson used the tunnels for secret business.
Still others think that Williamson built the tunnels for safety reasons. Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen. ____38____
____39____ Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels. Maybe he wrote down his reasons and put the papers somewhere in the tunnels. Perhaps those papers will one day be found. For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains.
A. But there is a lot we still don’t know.
B. The ideas are interesting, but no one knows the truth.
C. Under the busy streets, there are miles of old tunnels.
D. Some people who study the tunnels have got new findings.
E. One idea is that Williamson, who was rich, was trying to help others.
F. Nor does anyone know for sure even how many of the tunnels there are.
G. The tunnels would have offered protection for himself and his loved ones.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，37分)
第一节 阅读与表达(共3小题;第40题1分，第41题2分，第42题4分，共7分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
We often hear about the negative aspects of anxiety, but could there be any advantages or benefits that come from living with anxiety Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.
Many individuals with anxiety describe it as a feeling of nervousness and fear that can be distracting and all-consuming. It is typically experienced on many levels, affecting one’s emotions and leading to uncomfortable physical sensations, and negative thoughts. However, have you ever considered some of the possible positive effects that may come with having anxiety Scientists have learned that some degree of stress or anxiety isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Good stress, something now referred to as eustress, keeps us motivated and excited about life. It appears that some degree of anxiety may have similar “silver linings”.
Anxiety may be just the warning sign you need to bring awareness to your current situation and make some necessary changes in your life. For example, you may find that you have a friendship that is no longer working, or perhaps your job is causing a great deal of stress. Your anxiety can be difficult to manage, but exploring and coping with your anxiety can be a real opportunity for self-growth.
Anxiety may help you feel more motivated and prepared when faced with challenges. Research has shown that students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports. For instance, perhaps your anxiety assists you in putting extra effort into work or personal tasks, making a good impression, or moving towards your goals.
People who have dealt with anxiety may be more sympathetic and understanding to the problems that others face. Having gone through personal struggles yourself, you may be more sensitive, loving, and accepting when friends and family members are dealing with personal challenges.
Even though there can be some potential benefits to experiencing anxiety, it is worthwhile to point that it can also become a real hindrance to many aspects of your life. If anxiety is preventing you from living the life you desire, then it may be time to get professional help.
40. What is anxiety according to the passage
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41. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests.
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42. How will you deal with anxiety in your life (In about 40 words)
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第二节 根据下面所给中文，默写英文句子(共7小题;第43- 47题2分，第48题1分，第49题4分，共15分)。
43. 这就是我今天讲话的重点：你们每个人对自己的教育应尽的责任。（汉译英）
44. 因此，我今天呼吁你们每一个人为自己的教育设定目标，并尽自己的最大努力来实现这些目标。(汉译英)
45. 毅力是把生活当成一场马拉松而不是一次短跑。（汉译英）
46. 因此，成长性思维模式对培养毅力大有裨益，但我们需要更多。（汉译英）
47. 不时地与朋友见面很重要，而不能只在社交媒体上交流。（汉译英）
48. 为了实现我想要的一切，我必须好好利用时间。(汉译英)
49. 然而，即使我们拥有最敬业的教师，最支持的家长和全世界最好的学校——这一切都毫无用处，都无关紧要，如果你们所有人不履行你们的责任，如果你不到校，如果你不专心听讲，如果你不听家长、祖父母和其他大人的话，如果你不付出取得成功所必须的勤奋努力。(汉译英)
第三节 书面表达(15分)。
50. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他最近过度使用手机，日常生活受到影响，他为此感到苦恼。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.表示理解；
2.你的建议及理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
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Yours,
Li Hua
