Unit5 Using language 能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019北京海淀区高一秋季分班考试）
In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools, wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.
“Let’s go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today! ” Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke, and yet Steve was uneasy. It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.
Suddenly，Zach cried. “Zach!” Steve shouted. “Are you OK? Where are you?” Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope(斜坡).At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.
As Steve helped his friend to his feet, Brady lifted his head and snuffed (嗅）the smoke-laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared. The boys shouted for him, but he didn’t come back. Steve couldn’t blame Brady for panicking. He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way to.
Steve and Zach hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they’d just climbed. But Steve didn’t get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this?
Nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke. Brady pulled again, urgently. “OK, the big guy,” Steve gritted his teeth(咬紧牙关). Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Not far from them fire was touching underbrush. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed directions. Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest, but Brady wouldn’t have it. The dog bullied both boys into going on. Steve had no idea how long they’d walked. He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!
1. What happened to Steve and Zach at first?
A. They got injured.
B. They lost their dog.
C. They were trapped.
D. They became separated.
2. Brady ran away to_________.
A. seek help
B. find a way out
C. rescue Zach
D. escape
3. How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans?
A. Uneasy.
B. Impatient.
C. Numb.
D. Uncertain.
4. The passage basically describes________.
A. an adventure
B. an exploration
C. an escape game
D. a training program
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020安徽黄山高一期末）
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元）in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3 .
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses (突触）in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why，when we miss a night’s sleep，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size. 5 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice.
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2020山东高考模拟）
My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now. Some people might wonder 1 on earth I would choose to do that.
I have walked through this forest many times. On 12 December 2011, 2 rolled into the forest and the destruction (摧毁) began. I couldn’t 3 the thought that these forests would be 4 forever. So, on 14 December 2011，I packed up my life, 5 of my job plans, and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree. I have been here ever since.
Life in the tree top can be 6 at times. I have times when I feel frustrated (沮丧的）and wish I could 7 , to anywhere, just have a 8 of scenery for a minute! There are times too, when I feel terribly 9 . I miss my friends and family. 10 these times，I find myself loving the 11 Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to 12 up here for as long as it takes, 13 I honestly hope it won’t be too 14 before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be 15 .
1. A. why B. when C. how D. where
2. A. water B. animals C. machinery D. tourists
3. A. bear B. help C. keep D. spare
4. A. sold B. stolen C. protected D. lost
5. A. grew out B. fell short C. ran out D. let go
6. A. refreshing B. risky C. challenging D. rewarding
7. A. get up B. get away C. give in D. give up
8. A. change B. look C. search D. touch
9. A. confused B. nervous C. sorry D. lonely
10. A. Beyond B. Without C. Despite D. Unlike
11. A. height B. experience C. background D. position
12. A. return B. stop C. stay D. hide
13. A. but B. though C. because D. so
14. A. soon B. long C. near D. bad
15. A. moved B. logged C. burned D. missed
参考答案：
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：文章属于记叙文，讲述Steve和Zach在森林宿营时遇到大火，他们的狗 Brady竭尽全力救二人脱险的经历。
1. D细节理解题。根据第三段 Suddenly，Zach cried. “Zach!” Steve shouted, “ Are you Ok？Where are you？”Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope（斜坡）.At its base，Zach was rubbing his ankle.可知二人分开了。
2. B推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知 Brady凭借自己的敏锐为 Steve和Zach寻找到了去河边的安全通道。
3. D细节理解题。根据第五段中 But Steve didn't get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and started pulling. The message was clear，but Steve hesitated.可知 Steve犹豫不决。
4. A推理判断题。根据全文内容可知这是一个冒险经历。
Ⅱ.七选五
语篇解读：文章属于说明文。文章介绍了人和动物需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。
1. C根据前一句 When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month可知如果实验室里的老鼠不睡觉，一个月它们就死了。同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病。人和动物形成对应，死和生病形成对应，故选C。
2. E前一句提到睡觉有助于我们加强新的记忆。所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后为因果关系，故选E。
3. F 根据下文中的he可知，此处要提到一个人以及他的理论，正好F项中有，故选F。
4. G根据下文中提到的关键词 synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses和mice，都与他的实验有关，故答案为G
5. B根据后一句提到的 You keep what matters你记住重要的东西”可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。
Ⅳ.完形填空
语篇解读：文章属于记叙文。为保护森林，作者在树顶居住，这一做法强烈地表达了作者保护森林的意志和决心。
1. A 根据 I have been at the top of a tree for five months now以及第二段所述原因可知，文章的第二段恰恰是对该空的回应。此处表示“我究竟为什么要选择这样做呢。
2. C 根据 the destruction以及 rolled into可知这是大规模砍伐森林。machinery（统称）机器，（尤指）大型机器，符合语境。
3. A 一想到这些森林将永远消失，作者就受不了。bear承受，忍受，符合语境。
4. D 根据前文 and the destruction（摧毁）began以及文章最后一句可知lost符合语境。
5. D 根据前文 I packed up my life和后文 and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree可知选D项。let go of意为“放弃，摒弃（感情、态度或控制）”，符合语境。
6. C 此空所在句是本段的主旨句。由本段内容可知“树顶生活”有时具有挑战性，故选C项。
7. B get away意为“离开”，根据 to anywhere可知。
8. A 根据前文信息可知作者在树上待了5个月之久，同时注意感叹号显示作者待腻了的情绪。
9. D 根据后文 I miss my friends and family.可知作者有时感到孤独。
10. C 由前文可知作者的树顶生活单调无聊，再由后文的loving可知选C项。
11. B 此空是对前文“树顶生活”的指代。
12. C 由 Living on the tree has been inspiring可知作者愿意留在树顶。故选C项。
13. A 此处考查前后逻辑关系，此处表示转折，故用but。
14. B 句意：……但是我真心希望过不了太久我就能把脚放在下面的地上，站在一片永远不会被砍伐的森林里。
15. B log 采伐树木，伐木。与第二段中 the destruction began照应。
