Unit5 Starting out and understanding ideas 拓展练习
I. 重点词汇语境活用
1. ①A __________ relative of mine will cover a __________ of 50 miles to see me next week. (distance)
②a. They cheered up when they saw light __________ the distance.
b.It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone __________ a distance.
2. ①It took him a while to adapt himself __________ his new surroundings.
②The movie was adapted __________ one of Lu Xun's novels.
③After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to__________（live)on my own.
3. He was suspected __________robbing a bank, which made us surprised.
4. He was blamed __________the accident, but he blamed it __________others. In fact, it is he, not others, that is__________（blame)for it.
5. ①She declined__________（have)lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
②The price of the oil has declined__________10%.
③The number of the students in my school has declined__________2,000.
6. ① Though he has run deep into trouble, he remains quite__________（peace)in his heart.
②It remains__________（see)whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
③He bought his wife a present with the__________（remain)money.
7. ①A subway line will link the airport __________the city centre.
②Yellow__________（link)with confidence, self-respect and friendliness.
II.单句语法填空
1. Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower_________（date)from/back to as early as 800 years ago.
2. The sound of the cheering faded away _________the distance.
3. In my opinion, it is much easier for a child to adapt _________a new environment than an adult.
4. _________ seems that you have misunderstood what I said at the meeting.
5. _________（suspect)of carrying drugs, the traveler was stopped by the customs officer.
6. A large number of France's electricity_________（generate)by nuclear reactors.
7. The supermarket has a large_________（various)of goods, which can meet the needs of different
consumers.
8. With the streets_________（crowd)with people, you cannot help but wait.
9. Their house is similar_________ ours, but ours has a bigger garden.
10. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _________（regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
ⅠII. 阅读理解
A
In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesop’s Fables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.
Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement (排水量) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first graders.
Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with tubes containing water. Inside the tubes, a worm or a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.
However, the birds handled awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into a narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didn’t realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.
Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.
1．How did the crows get the snack in Sarah’s experiment
A．By breaking the tube.
B．By dropping in erasers.
C．By standing on the wood.
D．By removing the wood.
2．What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4
A．They were unable to tell different shapes.
B．They dropped objects only into narrow tubes.
C．They were not aware of the snack at first sight.
D．They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.
3．What does the text mainly focus on
A．Stories of Aesop’s Fables.
B．The development of crows.
C．Crows’ intelligence.
D．Human animal communication.
4．What do we know about crows in the passage
A．Crows are almost as clever as first graders in some respects.
B．Crows understand water displacement completely.
C．Chimps and children are much smarter than crows.
D．The story of The Crow and the Pitcher lacks evidence.
B
Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows that some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive (先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked, ” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far ranging effects，” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive, ” he adds, “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.”
“That’s the million dollar question, ” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________．
A．make them grow better
B．give them a warning
C．keep plant-eating animals away
D．inform plant-eating animals of danger
6．Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To introduce another animal.
B．To confirm the result of the study.
C．To appeal to people to protect animals.
D．To analyze different resistance chemicals.
7．What does Richard Karban really want to know
A．How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C．Whether the research is of practical value.
D．What the finding of the research is.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Watchful Plants B．Greedy Animals
C．A Snail’s Approach D．A Defense Attack
ⅠV. 完形填空
Every year, many dolphins worldwide are captured (捕获) and kept in small pools, for people, especially children. These dolphins are fed fish instead of having to them. As a result, they start spending most of their time near the rather than underwater. They get out of shape and can no longer long distances. It affects their greatly, and has proved to have consequences.
Thus comes the question, “Should captive dolphins be ？”
Jeff Foster, a 55 year old expert, decided to help two captive dolphins, Tom and Misha, to reach their top physical . Every day, he used to train the two dolphins to their wild homes again. Twenty months later, Tom and Misha began to act like dolphins and they were released (放走) back into the sea.
Tom and Misha lived in captivity for 4～5 years, they were able to adapt to the wild. It was what Foster had hoped for. His dreams for the dolphins had finally come true and he knew that the dolphins would in the wild.
This program was a big ， but there have been others that failed. For example, another dolphin, Keiko, was released into the ocean in 2002, but a year later because of all the misery (不幸) he . The sudden environment change did not him well.
If people want to these accidents, we must go to great lengths and put in the to ensure it doesn't happen ever again. In fact, with virtual reality technology picking up, there can still be great ways to kids with sea animals without having to capture dolphins.
A. waiting B. fighting
C. competing D. performing
2． A. pick up B. hunt for
C. look after D. throw away
3． A. rock B. pool
C. ocean D. surface
4． A. see B. dive
C. jump D. hear
5． A. appetite B. shelter
C. lifestyle D. popularity
6． A. terrible B. potential
C. unexpected D. indirect
7． A. disturbed B. set free
C. protected D. kept secret
8． A. exercise B. pain
C. appearance D. condition
9． A. get used to B. get interested in
C. take care of D. make use of
10．A. wild B. clever
C. helpless D. harmless
11．A. If B. Unless
C. Although D. Because
12．A. hardly B. exactly
C. possibly D. awfully
13．A. train B. search
C. survive D. produce
14．A. chance B. error
C. success D. challenge
15．A. died B. escaped
C. regretted D. recovered
16．A. led to B. brought up
C. looked into D. suffered from
17．A. suit B. serve
C. defend D. prepare
18．A. forget B. avoid
C. accept D. witness
19．A. tank B. time
C. water D. effort
20．A. inspire B. treat
C. entertain D. change
Unit5 Starting out and understanding ideas 拓展练习（答案解析）
I. 重点词汇语境活用
1. ①A __________ relative of mine will cover a __________ of 50 miles to see me next week. (distance)
②a. They cheered up when they saw light __________ the distance.
b.It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone __________ a distance.
2. ①It took him a while to adapt himself __________ his new surroundings.
②The movie was adapted __________ one of Lu Xun's novels.
③After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to__________（live)on my own.
3. He was suspected __________robbing a bank, which made us surprised.
4. He was blamed __________the accident, but he blamed it __________others. In fact, it is he, not others, that is__________（blame)for it.
5. ①She declined__________（have)lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
②The price of the oil has declined__________10%.
③The number of the students in my school has declined__________2,000.
6. ① Though he has run deep into trouble, he remains quite__________（peace)in his heart.
②It remains__________（see)whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
③He bought his wife a present with the__________（remain)money.
7. ①A subway line will link the airport __________the city centre.
②Yellow__________（link)with confidence, self-respect and friendliness.
答案：
1.①distant; distance ②in; at 2.①to ②from ③living 3. of 4. for; on; to blame
5.①to have ②by ③to 6.①peaceful ②to be seen ③remaining 7.①to/with ②is linked
II.单句语法填空
1. Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower_________（date)from/back to as early as 800 years ago.
2. The sound of the cheering faded away _________the distance.
3. In my opinion, it is much easier for a child to adapt _________a new environment than an adult.
4. _________ seems that you have misunderstood what I said at the meeting.
5. _________（suspect)of carrying drugs, the traveler was stopped by the customs officer.
6. A large number of France's electricity_________（generate)by nuclear reactors.
7. The supermarket has a large_________（various)of goods, which can meet the needs of different
consumers.
8. With the streets_________（crowd)with people, you cannot help but wait.
9. Their house is similar_________ ours, but ours has a bigger garden.
10. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _________（regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
答案：
1. dating 2. in 3. to 4. It 5. Suspected
6. is generated 7. variety 8. crowded 9. to 10. is regarded
ⅠII. 阅读理解
A
In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesop’s Fables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.
Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement (排水量) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first graders.
Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with tubes containing water. Inside the tubes, a worm or a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.
However, the birds handled awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into a narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didn’t realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.
Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.
1．How did the crows get the snack in Sarah’s experiment
A．By breaking the tube.
B．By dropping in erasers.
C．By standing on the wood.
D．By removing the wood.
2．What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4
A．They were unable to tell different shapes.
B．They dropped objects only into narrow tubes.
C．They were not aware of the snack at first sight.
D．They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.
3．What does the text mainly focus on
A．Stories of Aesop’s Fables.
B．The development of crows.
C．Crows’ intelligence.
D．Human animal communication.
4．What do we know about crows in the passage
A．Crows are almost as clever as first graders in some respects.
B．Crows understand water displacement completely.
C．Chimps and children are much smarter than crows.
D．The story of The Crow and the Pitcher lacks evidence.
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商进行的研究。
1．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。所以选B项。
2．D 解析：推理判断题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食，而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易获得零食的细管。由此可推知，画线部分是说它们通常没有选择更容易的方式得到零食。
3．C 解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first graders.”以及下文中的实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。
4．A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first graders.”可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级学生一样聪明。
B
Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows that some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive (先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked, ” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far ranging effects，” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive, ” he adds, “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.”
“That’s the million dollar question, ” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________．
A．make them grow better
B．give them a warning
C．keep plant-eating animals away
D．inform plant-eating animals of danger
6．Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To introduce another animal.
B．To confirm the result of the study.
C．To appeal to people to protect animals.
D．To analyze different resistance chemicals.
7．What does Richard Karban really want to know
A．How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C．Whether the research is of practical value.
D．What the finding of the research is.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Watchful Plants B．Greedy Animals
C．A Snail’s Approach D．A Defense Attack
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动作出反应进行自我保护。
5．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选B。
6．B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。
7．A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“‘The research was comprehensive，’he adds，‘but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.’”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。
8．A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。
ⅠV. 完形填空
Every year, many dolphins worldwide are captured (捕获) and kept in small pools, for people, especially children. These dolphins are fed fish instead of having to them. As a result, they start spending most of their time near the rather than underwater. They get out of shape and can no longer long distances. It affects their greatly, and has proved to have consequences.
Thus comes the question, “Should captive dolphins be ？”
Jeff Foster, a 55 year old expert, decided to help two captive dolphins, Tom and Misha, to reach their top physical . Every day, he used to train the two dolphins to their wild homes again. Twenty months later, Tom and Misha began to act like dolphins and they were released (放走) back into the sea.
Tom and Misha lived in captivity for 4～5 years, they were able to adapt to the wild. It was what Foster had hoped for. His dreams for the dolphins had finally come true and he knew that the dolphins would in the wild.
This program was a big ， but there have been others that failed. For example, another dolphin, Keiko, was released into the ocean in 2002, but a year later because of all the misery (不幸) he . The sudden environment change did not him well.
If people want to these accidents, we must go to great lengths and put in the to ensure it doesn't happen ever again. In fact, with virtual reality technology picking up, there can still be great ways to kids with sea animals without having to capture dolphins.
A. waiting B. fighting
C. competing D. performing
2． A. pick up B. hunt for
C. look after D. throw away
3． A. rock B. pool
C. ocean D. surface
4． A. see B. dive
C. jump D. hear
5． A. appetite B. shelter
C. lifestyle D. popularity
6． A. terrible B. potential
C. unexpected D. indirect
7． A. disturbed B. set free
C. protected D. kept secret
8． A. exercise B. pain
C. appearance D. condition
9． A. get used to B. get interested in
C. take care of D. make use of
10．A. wild B. clever
C. helpless D. harmless
11．A. If B. Unless
C. Although D. Because
12．A. hardly B. exactly
C. possibly D. awfully
13．A. train B. search
C. survive D. produce
14．A. chance B. error
C. success D. challenge
15．A. died B. escaped
C. regretted D. recovered
16．A. led to B. brought up
C. looked into D. suffered from
17．A. suit B. serve
C. defend D. prepare
18．A. forget B. avoid
C. accept D. witness
19．A. tank B. time
C. water D. effort
20．A. inspire B. treat
C. entertain D. change
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章就是否应将被捕获的海豚放归海洋进行了讨论。
1．D 根据上文中的“many dolphins worldwide are captured and kept in small pools”可知，海豚被捕获后养在小池子里给人们(特别是孩子们)表演节目。perform “表演；表现”；wait “等待”；fight “战斗；斗争”；compete “竞争”。
2．B 根据上文中的“These dolphins are fed fish instead of”以及常识可知，被捕获的海豚不需要自己猎取食物。hunt for “猎取”；pick up “捡起；偶然学会”；look after “照顾”；throw away “扔掉”。
3．D 逻辑关系解题。根据下文中的“rather than underwater”可知，这些海豚大部分时间都在水面上度过。surface “表面”；rock “岩石”；pool “水塘”；ocean “海洋”。
4．B 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“they start spending most of their time near the rather than underwater. They get out of shape”可知，被捕获的海豚由于长期生活在狭小的池子里，导致身材变形、体力下降，不能再远距离潜水。dive “潜水”；see “看见”；jump “跳起”；hear “听见”。
5．C 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的描述可知，生活在池子里对海豚的生活方式有很大的影响。lifestyle “生活方式”；appetite “胃口”；shelter “庇护；避难处”；popularity “流行；普及”。
6．A 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“They get out of shape and can no longer long distances”可知，结果很糟糕。terrible “糟糕的”；potential “潜在的”；unexpected “出乎意料的”；indirect “间接的”。
7．B 词语复现解题。根据下文中的“they were released back into the sea”和“another dolphin, Keiko, was released into the ocean”可知，随之而来的问题是“被捕获的海豚是否应该被释放回海洋”。set free “释放”；disturb “打扰”；protect “保护”；keep secret “保密”。
8．D 瞻前顾后解题。结合上文中的“They get out of shape and can no longer long distances”和下文中的“he used to train the two dolphins”可知， Foster决定帮助两只被捕获的海豚，使它们的身体状况恢复到最佳状态。condition “状况”；exercise “练习；锻炼”；pain “痛苦”；appearance “外表；出现”。
9．A 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文中的“they were released back into the sea”和“they were able to adapt to the wild”可知， Foster训练两只海豚的目的是使它们“习惯”和适应野生生活，这样它们回到海洋就能生存下来。get used to “习惯于；适应”；get interested in “对……感兴趣”；take care of “照顾”；make use of “利用”。
10．A 瞻前顾后解题。结合上文中的“he used to train the two dolphins to their wild homes again”和下文中的“they were released (放走) back into the sea”可知，两个月后，这两只海豚开始表现得像野生的海豚一样了。wild “野生的”；clever “聪明的”；helpless “绝望的；无望的”；harmless “无害的”。
11．C 语法知识解题。“Tom and Misha lived in captivity for 4～5 years”和“they were able to adapt to the wild”之间是让步关系，故空白处填although，意为“尽管”。if “如果”；unless “除非”；because “因为”。
12．B 根据本文讨论的话题和上文中的“Jeff Foster, a 55 year old expert, decided to help two captive dolphins”以及“he used to train the two dolphins to their wild homes again”可知，两只被捕获的海豚能再次适应海洋生活正是Foster所希望的。exactly “正是”；hardly “几乎不”；possibly “可能地”；awfully “糟糕地”。
13．C 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“they were able to adapt to the wild”可知，这两只海豚将有能力在海洋里生存下来。survive “幸存”；train “培训；训练”；search “搜索”；produce “生产”。
14．C 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“His dreams for the dolphins had finally come true”可知，这个项目成功了。success “成功”；chance “机会”；error “错误”；challenge “挑战”。
15．A 瞻前顾后解题。结合上文中的“there have been others that failed”和下文中的“because of all the misery”可知，海豚Keiko被放生后一年就死了。die “死”；escape “逃跑；逃避”；regret “后悔；遗憾”；recover “康复；恢复”。
16．D 由结局可知，海豚Keiko回到海洋后，遭遇了许多不幸。suffer from “遭受”；lead to “导致；通向”；bring up “抚养；培养；提高”；look into “调查”。
17．A 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“The sudden environment change”可知， Keiko不能很好地适应突然变化的环境。suit “适应”；serve “服务”；defend “保卫；防御”；prepare “准备”。
18．B 根据下文中的“we must ... ensure it doesn't happen ever again”可知，人们想要避免类似的事件发生。avoid “避免”；forget “忘记”；accept “接受”；witness “目睹；见证”。
19．D 根据下文中的“ensure it doesn't happen ever again”可知，人们要为此付出努力。effort “努力”；tank “坦克；水槽”；time “时间”；water “水”。
20．C 根据上文中的“with virtual reality technology picking up”可知，随着虚拟现实技术的发展，即使不猎捕海豚，也会有其他的好办法来供孩子们娱乐。entertain “娱乐”；inspire “激励”；treat “对待；处理”；change “改变”。
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