2023届高三英语地市级新题快递-一模考试专辑
专题02阅读理解记叙文 原卷版
【2023广东深圳一模】From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family. ”
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book — curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother.
Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, the next you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained. ”
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
4. Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu
A. Risky. B. Busy. C. Tough. D. Diverse.
5. What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2
A. I introduced my family by mistake.
B. I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C. I couldn’t help introducing my family.
D. I gave wrong information about my family.
6. What are paragraph 4 and 5 mainly about
A. The book’s writing feature.
B. Durrell’s rich imagination.
C. Some interesting plots of the book.
D. Some vivid descriptions of the island.
7. What is the purpose of this text
A. To share an experience.
B. To recommend a book.
C. To introduce a writing style.
D. To describe an unusual place.
【2023广东梅州一模】When my son first began competing in school chess tournaments, I often chatted with other parents. Occasionally, I would ask if they played chess themselves. Normally, the reply was no. When I volunteered that I was learning to play, their tone was cheerfully joking, “Good luck with that!”If this game is so good, why are adults ignoring it Seeing someone playing smart phone games, I preferred to say, “Why are you having your kids do chess while you play ”
Sure, we parents had work to do, work that helped pay for the lessons our kids were enjoying. But I was also wondering if we were sending an unnoticeable message that learning was for the young. During one tournament, I saw a group of parents playing chess! Just then, a group of kids passed me “Why are adults learning chess ” One asked, in an apparently joking tone.
I was tired of sitting on the sidelines. I wanted in, and that is why I got a membership card and started throwing myself in.“Early on,I was nervous, even the master can sometimes play badly, ” as one Grandmaster put it “a fan never” . And a fan I was. It was three hours of concentration and thinking with my phone off. It felt like a gym where I was trained to solve problems with focus, memory, logic, and occasional headaches. And of course hours of absence of digital devices would never be no good for thinking sharply.
Being a beginner can be hard at any age, but it gets harder when you are older. The phrase “adult beginner”has an fairly gentle pity. It implies the learning of something that you should have perhaps already leaned.
4. What can we learn about other parents from their remarks
A. They were ignoring other learners.
B. They agreed on the idea of learning chess.
C. They gave congratulations to the adult lessons.
D. They thought it odd for an adult to learn chess.
5. How did the child in the second paragraph perceive adults learning chess
A. Laughable. B. Imaginable. C. Understandable. D. Sensible.
6. What do the underlined words “sitting on the sidelines” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Not being noticed. B. Not being involved.
C. Expressing confusing ideas. D. Following what others do.
7. What did the writer think of his experience of leaning to play chess
A. It helped him remain calm. B. It made him proud of himself.
C. It helped him train his brain. D. It made him look rather funny.
【2023山东菏泽一模】Monica Bertagnolli is an oncologist (肿瘤学家) at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and a professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School. Growing up in Wyoming, she was well aware of the lack of health care resources in rural areas. Access to in-depth care for cancer patients is hard to get. She’s worked throughout her career to change that.
In Wyoming, there’s a great distance to travel between where people live and where they can find a cancer specialist. “If you need treatments and they have to be administered every day, and if it’s 120 miles from where you live, that ends up being a huge barrier to receiving the kind of care you need.”
And now Monica serves as the vice president of the Coalition (联盟) of Cancer Cooperative Groups (CCCG) — an international network of individuals who work to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer patients by increasing participation in cancer clinical trials.
She said, “One of the really important things is, we’re trying to make sure that cancer clinical trials can get to every single patient who needs them in my own state.” The coalition set up sites in northern and southern Wyoming that are able to run clinical trials. Before those trials became available, patients would usually go to Denver or Salt Lake City — a three-to-seven-hour drive.
Monica’s efforts to increase access to the health care needs of her rural Wyoming patients also include helping to develop new policies that will allow patients to participate in more clinical trials, and linking them with a regional doctor who can get them the access to the care they need.
In addition to the clinical trials, Monica said that technology’s progress like better cell phone and internet service in the mountains of Wyoming, as well as social media, has helped rural residents stay in touch with loved ones and medical professionals despite their distance. She is trying to advocate strongly for those changes to continue.
“I still consider myself part of Wyoming and I am very devoted to making sure that patients can get access to care.”
4. What do rural cancer patients in Wyoming need most
A. Health care. B. Better housing.
C. Further education. D. Public transportation.
5. How has Monica helped the cancer patients
A. By offering clinical trials. B. By advocating financial aid.
C. By improving internet service. D. By training medical professionals.
6. Which of the following can best describe Monica
A. Determined and loyal. B. Honest and generous.
C. Grateful and courageous. D. Devoted and responsible.
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Technology: A push for progress B. Monica: A helper for cancer patients
C. CCCG: A pioneer for cancer treatment D. Clinical trials: A hope for cancer patients
【2023广东茂名一模】Imagine the most English-English person you can think of. Now I’m fairly certain that no matter what picture you just thought up, that person comes complete with a stiff upper lip and a cup of tea in their hand, because that’s what the English do. They carry on and they drink tea. Tea is so utterly English, such a rooted part of the culture, that it’s also rooted in how everyone else around the world perceives that culture.
And while it’s fairly common knowledge that Westerners have China to thank for the original cultivation of tea drinking, it’s far less known that it was the Portuguese who inspired its popularity in England in particular, one Portuguese woman.
Travel back in time to 1662, when Catherine of Braganza (daughter of Portugal’s King John IV) won the hand of England’s newly restored monarch, King Charles II, with the help of a very large dowry (嫁妆) that included money, spices, treasures and the highly profitable ports of Tangiers and Bombay. This made her one very important lady: the Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland.
When she relocated up north to join King Charles, she is said to have packed loose-leaf tea as part of her personal belongings; it would also have likely been part of her dowry. A fun legend has it that the boxes were marked Iransporte de Ervas Aromaticas (Transport of Aromatic Herbs) later shortened to T. E. A.
That last bit probably isn’t true (experts believe the word “tea” came from a Chinese character), but what is for sure is that tea was already popular among the upper class of Portugal due to the country’s direct trade line to China via Macau.
4. What do people think of tea drinking in Britain
A. Typical. B. Fashionable. C. Incredible. D. Unusual.
5. Who promoted the fashion of tea drinking in England
A. Common Westerners.
B. The Chinese people.
C. Portugal’s King John IV.
D. The Queen of King Charles II.
6. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
ATea was part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza.
B. The word ‘tea’ came from Portuguese marks on the boxes.
C. Tea became popular in Portugal earlier than it did in England.
D. The direct trade line between China and England developed because of tea.
7. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. The story behind British tea drinking.
B. The legend of tea drinking in Portugal.
C. The origin of Westerners’ tea drinking.
D. The history of tea trade between China and Britain.
【2023安徽淮北一模】The walls of our house were supposed to be white. But I never remember them being white. At first, they were grey, then turning black. My father was a coal worker. He made charcoal (木炭) in our house. Have you ever seen charcoal being made The little bags you buy in the store for barbeque, they come from somewhere, and honestly, it’s a very dirty business.
I remember one day I was bagging up the charcoal with my dad, and it was really cold and raining. All we had was the tiny roof over our heads. After a few hours, I got to go to school, where it was warm. My dad stayed out there working, all day. If he didn’t sell that day, maybe we wouldn’t have enough to eat. I thought to myself: At some point, everything is going to change.
For this, I owe football everything. I started football early. I played so much football that every two months, my boots would break apart. When I was seven, I must have been pretty good, because I scored 64 goals for my neighborhood team. That year, my dad got a call from a coach saying they wanted me to play there. My dad asked, “Oh, it’s too far away. Nine kilometers. How will we get him there ” My mom said, “No, no, no! Don’t worry, I’ ll take him!” And that is when Graciela was born.
Graciela was an old yellow bicycle that my mother would use to drive me to training every day. It had a little basket in the front. Imagine this: A woman biking through town with a little boy on the back and a bag in the basket with his boots. Up hills. Down hills. Through the dangerous neighborhoods. In the rain. In the cold. In the dark. Graciela got us where we needed to go.
Nowadays people look on YouTube, watch the World Cup and see the results, but they don’t know the journey. They don’t know about my living room walls turning from white to black. They don’t know about my father working under a little roof. They don’t know about my mother riding Graciela through the rain and the cold.
4. Why did the walls of the author’s house turn black
A. His family wanted to change the look of their old house.
B. The color black could cover up his father’s dirty business.
C. The author often made indoor barbeques with the charcoal.
D. There was a lot of coal dust created from his father’s work.
5. What can we learn about Graciela
A. Graciela was a yellow bicycle with a basket.
B. Graciela was named after the author’s mother.
C. Graciela was born when the author was nine.
D. Graciela got the family wherever they wanted to go.
6. What good quality do the author and his parents have in common
A. Determined. B. Confident. C. Ambitious. D. Easygoing.
7. What does the author intend to tell us
A. In time of test, family is best. B. Happiness is a choice, not a result.
C. One who fears failure limits his activities. D. Behind every glory there is always a story.
【2023广东佛山一模】Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver(肝) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published, and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune(免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.
4. What did Deveza do to save her mother
A. Carrying out a case study.
B. Calling for kidney donations.
C. Launching a medical experiment.
D. Trading half her liver for a kidney.
5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Patients’ desperation to survive.
B. Several sources of organ donation.
C. Current situation of organ transplants.
D. Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
6. What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons
A. It discouraged organ donation.
B. It brought two families together.
C. It met with widespread approval.
D. It produced a desirable outcome.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. My Liver, Your Kidney
B. Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C. Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients
D. Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
【2023山西临汾一模】In1665, Johannes Vermeer, one of the greatest painters in Netherlands, completed his masterpiece “Girl With a Pearl Earring.” On an April day 357 years later, Janine Strong slowed her bike to stop, paused her fitness app, and watched as the snaking line of her cycling route drew the shape of Vermeer’s masterpiece over the streets of Brooklyn.
Ms. Strong creates what has come to be known as “GPS art” — a practice that uses the Global Positioning System mapping capabilities of modern phone apps to create digital drawings with an athlete’s route. It has grown with the widespread availability of satellite tracking for use by ordinary people. In fact, the idea has been around since before the popularity of smartphones for fitness like Strava released in 2009.
In 2003, The New York Times Magazine told of how Jeremy Wood got the idea for GPS art. Mr. Wood said while he was using a GPS tracker on a flight and the plane flew in a holding pattern above Heath-row Airport, he was attracted by the pattern appearing on his Garmin GPS device. In recent years, technology has advanced enough to create visual maps in real time using a phone or smart watch.
“I get bored cycling on the same path in the same streets,” Ms. Strong said. “Creating GPS art gives me more reasons to hit the pavement, which makes cycling a lot easier. I always have a big smile on my face when it works out and I upload it and it’s done,” she added. “It’s a very satisfying feeling.”
To complete her digital vision of “Girl With a Pearl Earring,” she biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn, carefully checking Strava to make sure each turn, circle, and straight line was achieving the shape of earring and head covering of Vermeer’s original.
4. What can we infer about Janine Strong in paragraph1
A. She tests a fitness app. B. She is an innovative cyclist.
C. She likes pearl earrings. D. She is a painter of some note.
5. What information can we get about GPS art
A. It is rarely used by common people. B. It arose after the popularity of fitness apps.
C. It is based on apps’ GPS mapping functions. D. It is a practice of creating realistic drawings.
6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The origin of GPS art. B. The prospect of GPS art.
C. The function of a GPS tracker. D. The advancement of a GPS device.
7. Who will be most likely to create GPS art
A. Painting lovers. B. Mobile game players.
C. Software developers. D. Running enthusiasts.
【2023安徽合肥一模】A Malawian woman, Gloria Majiga-Kamoto, was recently awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa — the world’s leading award for grassroots environmental activists.
Gloria Majiga-Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organization with a program that gave goats to rural farmers, who would use the goat waste to produce low-cost, high-quality organic fertilizer (肥料). The problem The thin plastic bags covering the Malawian countryside. “We have this very common street food, chiwaya, which is salty and served in little blue plastics,” Majiga-Kamoto says. “Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion (摄食) system.” For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system-affecting people’s living and health.
“I remember back in the day when we’d go to the market and buy things like fish, you’d get it in newspapers,” the 30-year-old says. But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi, selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices. In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single-use plastic in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi’s plastics-producing industry appealed to the country’s High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended.
When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy — and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers.
Michael Sutton, executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation, said, “Majiga-Kamoto’s fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize.”
4. What made Majiga-Kamoto realize the problem
A. Her experience with plastic-eating goats.
B. Her discovery of goat waste everywhere.
C. Her doubt about the safety of street food.
D. Her care for the farmers living in poverty.
5. What can we learn about Malawi
A. It used to be extremely rich in fish.
B. It advocated using thin plastic bags.
C. It failed to ban single-use plastic at first.
D. It relied heavily on the plastic industry.
6. What was the purpose of Majiga-Kamoto’s acts in Paragraph 4
ATo put the ban into effect.
B. To support the government.
C. To back the plastic industry up.
D. To promote Malawi’s economy.
7. Which of the following best describes Majiga-Kamoto
A. Humble. B. Generous. C. Patient. D. Committed.
【2023河南郑州一模】One day Beth received a piano as a gift from her neighbor Mr. Laurence, which had belonged to his late granddaughter. In spite of her shyness, Beth was determined to show her gratefulness.
“You’ll have to go and thank him,” said her sister by way of a joke, for the idea of the child’s really going never entered her head. “Yes, I mean to. I guess I’ll go now, before I get frightened thinking about it.”
And, to the amazement of everyone present, Beth walked deliberately down the garden, through the fence, and in at the Laurences’ door. “Well, I wish I may die if it isn’t the strangest thing I ever see!” cried Hannah, staring after her, while the other girls were made quite speechless by her unexpected act.
They would have been still more amazed if they had seen what Beth did afterward. She went and knocked at the study door before she gave herself time to think. When a deep voice called out “Come in”, she did go in, right up to Mr. Laurence, who looked quite surprised, and held out her hand, saying, with only a small quake in her voice, “I came to thank you, sir, for... ” But she didn’t finish, for he looked so friendly that she forgot her speech and, only remembering that he had lost the little girl he loved, she put both arms round his neck and kissed him.
The old gentleman couldn’t have been more astonished. But he liked it. Oh dear, yes, he liked it amazingly! And he was so touched and pleased by that little kiss that he just set her on his knee, and laid his wrinkled cheek against her rosy one, feeling as if he had got his own little granddaughter back again. Beth didn’t fear him from that moment, and sat there talking to him freely as if she had known him all her life, for love drives away fear, and gratefulness can defeat pride.
When she went home, he walked with her to her own gate, shook hands warmly, and touched his hat as he marched back again, looking like a handsome, old gentleman, as he was.
4. How did the other girls feel when seeing Beth walking to Mr. Laurence’s house
A. Relieved. B. Shocked.
C. Pleased. D. Terrified.
5. Why didn’t Beth finish her speech when she saw Mr. Laurence
A. She was shy and nervous.
B. She was too excited to speak.
C. She was moved by his kindness.
D. She was too afraid before a stranger.
6. What does the author want to express mainly in this text
A. We should overcome our inner fear.
B. Love and gratefulness can do wonders.
C. We ought to repay those who help us.
D. Courage comes from strong determination. .
7. What is the text
A. A novel. B. A diary entry.
C. A report. D. A book review.
【2023河南安阳一模】In early August, Hilary Krieger, now 44, was sitting in her parents’ Boston home when her friend accidentally squirted (喷射) himself with an orange slice. She said, “Oh, the orange just orbisculated.” And he said, “It did what ” The two made a five-dollar bet, and Hilary gladly grabbed the family dictionary but found the word “orbisculate” was not in it! Hilary burst into her dad’s study and told him the shocking news. Looking awkward, her father admitted that he had made up the word “orbisculate” as the action that happens “when you dig your spoon into a grapefruit and it squirts juice directly into your eye”.
At first, Hilary was mad. But she quickly came to see her dad’s made-up word as a gift. It speaks to his creativity and the idea that, even when something is painful and annoying, like getting grapefruit juice in your eye, you can laugh and have fun with it.
Hilary’s father Neil Krieger died in April 2020, at age 78. Since the Kriegers couldn’t have a proper funeral, Hilary who now lives in New York, spent a lot of time on the phone talking with friends and family, and the “orbisculate” story kept coming up.
“I began to think ‘orbisculate’ is such a great word; it should be in the dictionary!” says Hilary. She called her younger brother Jonathan, who lives in Boston and runs an online company. Their goal is to put the word to use publicly enough that it has a chance of becoming acceptable. Encouraging people to use “orbisculate” in a wide variety of contexts will leave a compelling (令人信服的) trail of evidence for lexicographers (词典编纂者) to follow.
It has been more than two years since Neil’s death and his children are still struggling from the loss. But their campaign to get their father’s word into the dictionary has helped them win back a little of the joy that has been missing from their lives. “I could picture him being really excited,” Jonathan says. “And not until that day did I know my father had created many ‘words’ that we wouldn’t see in the dictionary.”
4. What made Hilary find “orbisculate” doesn’t exist
A. A piece of shocking news.
B. The latest dictionary.
C. Her father’s strange reaction.
D. An accident between her friend and her.
5. Which of the following can best describe Hilary’s father
A. Strict and stubborn.
B. Optimistic and creative.
C. Flexible and reliable.
D. Determined and hardworking.
6. When did Hilary decide to get the word “orbisculate” into the dictionary
A. After her father’s death.
B. When her father told her the truth.
C. After her brother’s request.
D. After she put the word to use publicly.
7. What will probably be talked about in the following part
A. Hilary encourages people to make up more new words.
B. The introduction to other words created by Hilary’s father.
C. The reply that the official gave Hilary and her brother.
D. Hilary and her brother will continue to fight for their demand.
【2023陕西咸阳一模】Born in Russia and living in an orphanage (孤儿院) for the first 13 months of her life, Jessica Long had no idea what her future would hold. The little girl born with Fibular Hemimelia would not only go on to be a 13-time gold medal-winning Paralympic champion, but she would inspire others to chase their dreams.
Long was born in Russia, where she lived in an orphanage until her parents adopted her in 1993. Soon after being adopted, she had to have her legs amputated (截肢) at only a year and a half. “It gave me a lot of freedom and movement,” Long said. “But growing up was definitely really hard. From a very early age, I just decided that I was going to be unstoppable and I wasn’t going to let my legs hold me back.” From that point forward, she didn’t let anyone tell her what she was or wasn’t capable of doing. She started doing gymnastics as a kid. Then, in 2002, Long found her sport for life: swimming!
“I was the only girl with no legs on the swim team, ” she said. “There were moments I struggled, but my teammates treated me like a friend. When I look back on my life and I think about anyone on that team, no one made fun of me for having no legs and they were so kind.” Long defied (顶住) all odds and surprised everyone when she qualified at age only 12 for the Paralympics in 2004 in Athens. After four Paralympics, Long has won 13 gold, six silver, and four bronze medals. She has dozens of World Championship medals and has broken numerous world records throughout her career so far. But she didn’t concentrate on winning awards or being famous. “I really just love swimming. It’s important for any athlete to remember just why you started,” she said.
As one of the most decorated athletes in history, Long’s goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows. “Dream big,” she said. “There are so many possibilities out there, so find your passion, be consistent and work hard. You define your own success.”
24. How old was Long when she found her life sport
A. 11 B. 10. C. 12. D. 13.
25. What made Jessica determine to devote herself to swimming
A. Her experience of winning 13 gold medals.
B. Her parents’ support and teachers’ help.
C. Her teammates’ understanding and kindness.
D. Her focus on winning awards and fame.
26. What is the text mainly about
A. A poor orphanage and her close friends.
B. A happy girl and her confusing childhood.
C. An amazing illness and its terrible influence.
D. An inspiring story about an unlucky person.
27. Which of the following may Long most agree with
A. If you can dream it, you can make it.
B. If you want to succeed, learn to swim.
C. A man never reaches success until disabled.
D. A sportsman’s goal is winning gold medals.
【2023甘肃张掖一模】When young, I loved going on trail（小路） runs. It was my favorite way to escape stress. So, when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph. D. program, I thought a trail run was just what I needed. But instead of helping me relax, the run did just the opposite.
After I moved to the city for college, where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails, I used a GPS watch. When I went on trail runs again in the country, it constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasn’t keeping up with my usual pace. I turned my watch off, thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected, but I worried I was underperforming. “Why can’ t I let go and just enjoy myself ” I wondered. But after some introspection（反省）, I realized why I was struggling—both on trail runs and in graduate school.
Going into my Ph. D. , I had thought that my solid undergraduate track record would set me up for instant success. To my surprise, I was wrong. I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students’ self-confidence and their excellent results made me feel insecure. Finally, one day I broke down in tears in my adviser’ s office.
Then came my visit home: I was having trouble because I hadn’ t properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run.
A Ph. D. is like a trail run: Sometimes you can run fast. Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep, winding trail at a snail’ s pace. And that’ s OK. Barriers are unavoidable, and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth, flat path. Sometimes it’ s best to take a deep breath and do your best to meet the challenge.
4. How did the author feel when he was on trail runs again
A. Relaxed. B. Tired.
C. Anxious. D. Happy.
5. What resulted in the author’ s poor performance in Ph. D
A. His lack of confidence. B. His lack of hard work.
C. His poor research abilities. D. His poor track record.
6. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph
A. His desire for success. B. His confidence of trail runs.
C. His expectations in his study. D. His realization after the trail run.
7. What does the author want to tell us
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Working out regularly is beneficial.
C. It’ s important to make necessary adjustments.
D. It’ s vital to turn to others for help.
【2023湖南长沙一模】When Roosevelt was a kid, his doctors claimed that he was too weak to live a normal life like most children of his age. They strongly recommended him to avoid participation in any physical activities, fearing that it could worsen his health condition and potentially lead to his death. Their opinions implied that he would face up to a life full of all kinds of limitations. Instead of permitting their limiting beliefs about what he could do and achieve, he chose to live a meaningful life.
Despite his doctors’strong suggestions that he remain inactive, he didn’t want to be a carefree observer of the world as it passed him by. He was determined to force himself to be active. Roosevelt had daily adventures in the woods as a boy.
He continued to play sports when he got to college. In fact, he didn’t just play, but he excelled in both boxing and rowing, both of which require astonishing levels of strength and endurance. When Roosevelt graduated from college, his doctors were still not completely sure about his health condition. They still believed that he would be putting himself in serious danger, because his heart problems had not improved. They firmly believed that it would be best to find a desk job for him after completing a college degree. Once again, Roosevelt decided to challenge himself to his physical limits by living an extremely energetic adult life. In about every field he took part, he would aim to push his physical limits. Impressively, he was excellent as an explorer, a hunter, an author, a soldier and a politician.
Eventually, Roosevelt went beyond the mistaken limitation upon him and lived an amazing life.
4. What would happen if Roosevelt followed his doctors’ suggestions
A. He would live a meaningful life.
B. His life would be full of limitations.
CHis parents would feel satisfied with him.
D. He would become an extraordinary person.
5. What did his doctors expect Roosevelt to become after college graduation
A. An explorer. B. A boxing player.
C. An office clerk. D. A politician.
6. How is the text mainly developed
A. By following time order. B. By listing obvious reasons.
C. By giving some examples. D. By making necessary comparisons.
7. Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt
A. Humorous. B. Generous. C. Considerate. D. Ambitious.2023届高三英语地市级新题快递-一模考试专辑
专题02阅读理解记叙文 解析版
【2023广东深圳一模】From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family. ”
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book — curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother.
Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, the next you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained. ”
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
4. Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu
A. Risky. B. Busy. C. Tough. D. Diverse.
5. What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2
A. I introduced my family by mistake.
B. I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C. I couldn’t help introducing my family.
D. I gave wrong information about my family.
6. What are paragraph 4 and 5 mainly about
A. The book’s writing feature.
B. Durrell’s rich imagination.
C. Some interesting plots of the book.
D. Some vivid descriptions of the island.
7. What is the purpose of this text
A. To share an experience.
B. To recommend a book.
C. To introduce a writing style.
D. To describe an unusual place.
【答案】4. D5. C6. A7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章推荐了英国作家Gerald Durrell的一本书——《我的家人和其他动物》。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s. (从被令人印象深刻的花园包围的小屋，到探索沙滩和充满野生动物的深林的日子，在《我的家人和其他动物》一书中，英国作家Gerald Durrell生动地描述了20世纪30年代他的家人在希腊科孚岛的时光。)”可知，Durrell在科孚岛的生活是多样的。故选D项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据语境和划线句前文“was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history, but in the first few pages,(本想成为一本关于自然史的怀旧书，)”可知，作者原本想写一本关于自然史的怀旧书，从而推知，划线词句“but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family. (但在前几页，我错误地介绍了我的家人。)”其中划线部分应为“我情不自禁地介绍了自己的家人”的意思。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. (Durrell对细节的关注使这本书如此引人入胜，岛上的每一个景象、声音和气味都栩栩如生。)”和第五段“My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry. (《我的家庭和其他动物》很难归类，一部分是游记，一部分是自传，一部分是自然历史，一部分是喜剧，一种描述性的语言贯穿始终，有时几乎把它提升到诗歌的境界。)”可知，这两段主要介绍了这本书的写作特点。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life. (作为一种真正的阅读乐趣，对于任何目前正走在艰难人生道路上的成年人或年龄较大的青少年来说，这是一种完美的文学逃避。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是为了推荐这本《我的家庭和其他动物》。故选B项。
【2023广东梅州一模】When my son first began competing in school chess tournaments, I often chatted with other parents. Occasionally, I would ask if they played chess themselves. Normally, the reply was no. When I volunteered that I was learning to play, their tone was cheerfully joking, “Good luck with that!”If this game is so good, why are adults ignoring it Seeing someone playing smart phone games, I preferred to say, “Why are you having your kids do chess while you play ”
Sure, we parents had work to do, work that helped pay for the lessons our kids were enjoying. But I was also wondering if we were sending an unnoticeable message that learning was for the young. During one tournament, I saw a group of parents playing chess! Just then, a group of kids passed me “Why are adults learning chess ” One asked, in an apparently joking tone.
I was tired of sitting on the sidelines. I wanted in, and that is why I got a membership card and started throwing myself in.“Early on,I was nervous, even the master can sometimes play badly, ” as one Grandmaster put it “a fan never” . And a fan I was. It was three hours of concentration and thinking with my phone off. It felt like a gym where I was trained to solve problems with focus, memory, logic, and occasional headaches. And of course hours of absence of digital devices would never be no good for thinking sharply.
Being a beginner can be hard at any age, but it gets harder when you are older. The phrase “adult beginner”has an fairly gentle pity. It implies the learning of something that you should have perhaps already leaned.
4. What can we learn about other parents from their remarks
A. They were ignoring other learners.
B. They agreed on the idea of learning chess.
C. They gave congratulations to the adult lessons.
D. They thought it odd for an adult to learn chess.
5. How did the child in the second paragraph perceive adults learning chess
A. Laughable. B. Imaginable. C. Understandable. D. Sensible.
6. What do the underlined words “sitting on the sidelines” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Not being noticed. B. Not being involved.
C. Expressing confusing ideas. D. Following what others do.
7. What did the writer think of his experience of leaning to play chess
A. It helped him remain calm. B. It made him proud of himself.
C. It helped him train his brain. D. It made him look rather funny.
【答案】4. D5. A6. B7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过和其他家长聊象棋时得到启发，下决心学下象棋并使自己的大脑得到锻炼的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When I volunteered that I was learning to play, their tone was cheerfully joking, “Good luck with that!” If this game is so good, why are adults ignoring it (当我主动提出我正在学下象棋时，他们的语气是愉快的玩笑，“祝你好运！”如果这个游戏这么好，为什么成年人都忽视它呢？)”可知，这些家长开玩笑是觉得成年人学象棋很奇怪。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Just then, a group of kids passed me, “Why are adults learning chess ” One asked, in an apparently joking tone.(就在这时，一群孩子从我身边走过，“为什么成年人都在学象棋？”其中一人显然是开玩笑地问道。)”可知，孩子们是在开玩笑，由此可以推出，孩子们认为成年人学象棋这件事情很可笑。故选A项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“I wanted in, and that is why I got a membership card and started throwing myself in.(我想加入，所以我办了张会员卡，开始投身其中。)”可知，作者想学习象棋，并加入了学习象棋的队伍当中。跟前文“tired of”表示“厌倦某事”形成对比。由此推测出，作者应该是厌倦了坐在旁边看着大家下棋的生活，想要加入进去。B项“不参与其中”符合句意。故选B项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“It felt like a gym where I was trained to solve problems with focus, memory, logic, and occasional headaches.(这感觉就像一个健身房，在那里我被训练用专注力、记忆力、逻辑性和偶尔的头痛来解决问题。)”可知，下象棋就像是把自己的脑子带去健身房接受训练来解决问题即体现出学习下象棋帮助作者锻炼大脑。故选C。
【2023山东菏泽一模】Monica Bertagnolli is an oncologist (肿瘤学家) at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and a professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School. Growing up in Wyoming, she was well aware of the lack of health care resources in rural areas. Access to in-depth care for cancer patients is hard to get. She’s worked throughout her career to change that.
In Wyoming, there’s a great distance to travel between where people live and where they can find a cancer specialist. “If you need treatments and they have to be administered every day, and if it’s 120 miles from where you live, that ends up being a huge barrier to receiving the kind of care you need.”
And now Monica serves as the vice president of the Coalition (联盟) of Cancer Cooperative Groups (CCCG) — an international network of individuals who work to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer patients by increasing participation in cancer clinical trials.
She said, “One of the really important things is, we’re trying to make sure that cancer clinical trials can get to every single patient who needs them in my own state.” The coalition set up sites in northern and southern Wyoming that are able to run clinical trials. Before those trials became available, patients would usually go to Denver or Salt Lake City — a three-to-seven-hour drive.
Monica’s efforts to increase access to the health care needs of her rural Wyoming patients also include helping to develop new policies that will allow patients to participate in more clinical trials, and linking them with a regional doctor who can get them the access to the care they need.
In addition to the clinical trials, Monica said that technology’s progress like better cell phone and internet service in the mountains of Wyoming, as well as social media, has helped rural residents stay in touch with loved ones and medical professionals despite their distance. She is trying to advocate strongly for those changes to continue.
“I still consider myself part of Wyoming and I am very devoted to making sure that patients can get access to care.”
4. What do rural cancer patients in Wyoming need most
A. Health care. B. Better housing.
C. Further education. D. Public transportation.
5. How has Monica helped the cancer patients
A. By offering clinical trials. B. By advocating financial aid.
C. By improving internet service. D. By training medical professionals.
6. Which of the following can best describe Monica
A. Determined and loyal. B. Honest and generous.
C. Grateful and courageous. D. Devoted and responsible.
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Technology: A push for progress B. Monica: A helper for cancer patients
C. CCCG: A pioneer for cancer treatment D. Clinical trials: A hope for cancer patients
【答案】4. A5. A6. D7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍肿瘤学家Monica Bertagnolli为农村癌症患者能够获得医疗资源和医疗保健所作出的努力与贡献。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Growing up in Wyoming, she was well aware of the lack of health care resources in rural areas. Access to in-depth care for cancer patients is hard to get. She’s worked throughout her career to change that.(在Wyoming州长大的她非常清楚农村地区缺乏医疗资源。癌症患者很难获得深入的护理。她的整个职业生涯都在努力改变这种状况。)”可知在Wyoming州农村癌症患者最缺乏的是医疗资源和深入的医疗护理，即他们最需要的是医疗保健。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“And now Monica serves as the vice president of the Coalition (联盟) of Cancer Cooperative Groups (CCCG) — an international network of individuals who work to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer patients by increasing participation in cancer clinical trials.(现在，Monica担任癌症合作组织联盟（CCCG）的副主席。CCCG是一个由个人组成的国际网络，通过增加对癌症临床试验的参与来提高癌症患者的生活质量和生存率。)”以及第四段“She said, ‘One of the really important things is, we’re trying to make sure that cancer clinical trials can get to every single patient who needs them in my own state.’ The coalition set up sites in northern and southern Wyoming that are able to run clinical trials. Before those trials became available, patients would usually go to Denver or Salt Lake City — a three-to-seven-hour drive.(她说：‘真正重要的一件事是，我们正在努力确保癌症临床试验能够惠及我所在州每一位需要的患者。’该联盟在Wyoming州北部和南部设立了能够进行临床试验的站点。在这些试验开始之前，患者通常会去丹佛或盐湖城，车程三到七小时。)”可知，Monica通过提供临床试验来帮助癌症患者。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In addition to the clinical trials, Monica said that technology’s progress like better cell phone and internet service in the mountains of Wyoming, as well as social media, has helped rural residents stay in touch with loved ones and medical professionals despite their distance. She is trying to advocate strongly for those changes to continue.(除了临床试验之外，Monica说，技术的进步，比如Wyoming州山区更好的手机和互联网服务，以及社交媒体，已经帮助农村居民与亲人和医疗专业人员保持联系，尽管他们相隔遥远。她正在努力大力倡导这些改革继续下去。)”以及最后一段“‘I still consider myself part of Wyoming and I am very devoted to making sure that patients can get access to care.’(‘我仍然认为自己是Wyoming州的一员，我非常致力于确保患者能够获得医疗。’)”可知Monica非常敬业，富有责任心。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Monica Bertagnolli is an oncologist (肿瘤学家) at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and a professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School. Growing up in Wyoming, she was well aware of the lack of health care resources in rural areas. Access to in-depth care for cancer patients is hard to get. She’s worked throughout her career to change that.( Monica Bertagnolli是布里格姆妇女医院的肿瘤学家，也是哈佛医学院的外科教授。在怀俄明州长大的她非常清楚农村地区缺乏医疗资源。癌症患者很难获得深入的护理。她的整个职业生涯都在努力改变这种状况。)”以及下文对Monica Bertagnolli的详细介绍可知，本文主要介绍了Monica为改变农村癌症患者缺乏医疗资源和医疗保健所作出的贡献，B选项“Monica：一位帮助癌症患者的人”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选B。
【2023广东茂名一模】Imagine the most English-English person you can think of. Now I’m fairly certain that no matter what picture you just thought up, that person comes complete with a stiff upper lip and a cup of tea in their hand, because that’s what the English do. They carry on and they drink tea. Tea is so utterly English, such a rooted part of the culture, that it’s also rooted in how everyone else around the world perceives that culture.
And while it’s fairly common knowledge that Westerners have China to thank for the original cultivation of tea drinking, it’s far less known that it was the Portuguese who inspired its popularity in England in particular, one Portuguese woman.
Travel back in time to 1662, when Catherine of Braganza (daughter of Portugal’s King John IV) won the hand of England’s newly restored monarch, King Charles II, with the help of a very large dowry (嫁妆) that included money, spices, treasures and the highly profitable ports of Tangiers and Bombay. This made her one very important lady: the Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland.
When she relocated up north to join King Charles, she is said to have packed loose-leaf tea as part of her personal belongings; it would also have likely been part of her dowry. A fun legend has it that the boxes were marked Iransporte de Ervas Aromaticas (Transport of Aromatic Herbs) later shortened to T. E. A.
That last bit probably isn’t true (experts believe the word “tea” came from a Chinese character), but what is for sure is that tea was already popular among the upper class of Portugal due to the country’s direct trade line to China via Macau.
4. What do people think of tea drinking in Britain
A. Typical. B. Fashionable. C. Incredible. D. Unusual.
5. Who promoted the fashion of tea drinking in England
A. Common Westerners.
B. The Chinese people.
C. Portugal’s King John IV.
D. The Queen of King Charles II.
6. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
ATea was part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza.
B. The word ‘tea’ came from Portuguese marks on the boxes.
C. Tea became popular in Portugal earlier than it did in England.
D. The direct trade line between China and England developed because of tea.
7. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. The story behind British tea drinking.
B. The legend of tea drinking in Portugal.
C. The origin of Westerners’ tea drinking.
D. The history of tea trade between China and Britain.
【答案】4. A5. D6. C7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国饮茶文化背后的起源故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Now I’m fairly certain that no matter what picture you just thought up, that person comes complete with a stiff upper lip and a cup of tea in their hand, because that’s what the English do.(现在我很确定，不管你刚刚想到的是什么画面，那个人都是紧绷着上嘴唇，手里拿着一杯茶，因为英国人就是这样做的)”可知，人们认为英国人喝茶很典型。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“And while it’s fairly common knowledge that Westerners have China to thank for the original cultivation of tea drinking, it’s far less known that it was the Portuguese who inspired its popularity in England in particular, one Portuguese woman.(众所周知，西方人要感谢中国是饮茶的起源，但鲜为人知的是，是葡萄牙人，尤其是一位葡萄牙妇女，激发了饮茶在英国的流行)”和第三段第一句“Travel back in time to 1662, when Catherine of Braganza (daughter of Portugal’s King John IV) won the hand of England’s newly restored monarch, King Charles II, with the help of a very large dowry (嫁妆) that included money, spices, treasures and the highly profitable ports of Tangiers and Bombay.(追溯到1662年，布拉干萨的凯瑟琳（葡萄牙国王约翰四世的女儿）在一大笔嫁妆的帮助下赢得了英国新复辟君主查理二世的手，嫁妆包括金钱、香料、珍宝以及利润丰厚的坦吉尔和孟买港口)”可知，英国国王查理二世的王后促进了英国的饮茶风尚。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句“When she relocated up north to join King Charles, she is said to have packed loose-leaf tea as part of her personal belongings; it would also have likely been part of her dowry.(当她搬到北方加入查尔斯国王时，据说她把散叶茶作为私人物品的一部分；这很可能也是她嫁妆的一部分)”和最后一段中的“but what is for sure is that tea was already popular among the upper class of Portugal due to the country’s direct trade line to China via Macau(但可以肯定的是，由于葡萄牙通过澳门与中国的直接贸易关系，茶叶在葡萄牙上层阶级中已经很受欢迎)”可知，茶在葡萄牙比在英国流行得早。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“And while it’s fairly common knowledge that Westerners have China to thank for the original cultivation of tea drinking, it’s far less known that it was the Portuguese who inspired its popularity in England in particular, one Portuguese woman.(众所周知，西方人要感谢中国是饮茶的起源，但鲜为人知的是，是葡萄牙人，尤其是一位葡萄牙妇女，激发了饮茶在英国的流行)”，第三段第一句中的“Travel back in time to 1662(追溯到1662年)”和第四段“When she relocated up north to join King Charles, she is said to have packed loose-leaf tea as part of her personal belongings; it would also have likely been part of her dowry. A fun legend has it that the boxes were marked Iransporte de Ervas Aromaticas (Transport of Aromatic Herbs) later shortened to T. E. A.(当她搬到北方加入查尔斯国王时，据说她把散叶茶作为私人物品的一部分；这很可能也是她嫁妆的一部分。一个有趣的传说是，这些盒子被标记为Iransporte de Ervas Aromaticas（芳香草药运输），后来被简称为T.E.A)”可知，文章主要是讲英国茶饮背后的故事。故选A。
【2023安徽淮北一模】The walls of our house were supposed to be white. But I never remember them being white. At first, they were grey, then turning black. My father was a coal worker. He made charcoal (木炭) in our house. Have you ever seen charcoal being made The little bags you buy in the store for barbeque, they come from somewhere, and honestly, it’s a very dirty business.
I remember one day I was bagging up the charcoal with my dad, and it was really cold and raining. All we had was the tiny roof over our heads. After a few hours, I got to go to school, where it was warm. My dad stayed out there working, all day. If he didn’t sell that day, maybe we wouldn’t have enough to eat. I thought to myself: At some point, everything is going to change.
For this, I owe football everything. I started football early. I played so much football that every two months, my boots would break apart. When I was seven, I must have been pretty good, because I scored 64 goals for my neighborhood team. That year, my dad got a call from a coach saying they wanted me to play there. My dad asked, “Oh, it’s too far away. Nine kilometers. How will we get him there ” My mom said, “No, no, no! Don’t worry, I’ ll take him!” And that is when Graciela was born.
Graciela was an old yellow bicycle that my mother would use to drive me to training every day. It had a little basket in the front. Imagine this: A woman biking through town with a little boy on the back and a bag in the basket with his boots. Up hills. Down hills. Through the dangerous neighborhoods. In the rain. In the cold. In the dark. Graciela got us where we needed to go.
Nowadays people look on YouTube, watch the World Cup and see the results, but they don’t know the journey. They don’t know about my living room walls turning from white to black. They don’t know about my father working under a little roof. They don’t know about my mother riding Graciela through the rain and the cold.
4. Why did the walls of the author’s house turn black
A. His family wanted to change the look of their old house.
B. The color black could cover up his father’s dirty business.
C. The author often made indoor barbeques with the charcoal.
D. There was a lot of coal dust created from his father’s work.
5. What can we learn about Graciela
A. Graciela was a yellow bicycle with a basket.
B. Graciela was named after the author’s mother.
C. Graciela was born when the author was nine.
D. Graciela got the family wherever they wanted to go.
6. What good quality do the author and his parents have in common
A. Determined. B. Confident. C. Ambitious. D. Easygoing.
7. What does the author intend to tell us
A. In time of test, family is best. B. Happiness is a choice, not a result.
C. One who fears failure limits his activities. D. Behind every glory there is always a story.
【答案】4. D5. A6. A7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选自阿根廷足球运动员迪马利亚的自述，讲述了他辉煌背后鲜为人知的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“At first, they were grey, then turning black. My father was a coal worker. He made charcoal (木炭) in our house. Have you ever seen charcoal being made The little bags you buy in the store for barbeque, they come from somewhere, and honestly, it’s a very dirty business.(起初，它们是灰色的，然后变成黑色。我父亲是煤矿工人。他在我们家烧木炭。你见过木炭的制作过程吗？你在商店里买的烧烤用的小袋子，它们来自某个地方，老实说，这是一个非常肮脏的行业)”可知，作者家的墙变黑了是因为他父亲的工作产生了很多煤尘。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Graciela was an old yellow bicycle that my mother would use to drive me to training every day. It had a little basket in the front.(Graciela是一辆旧的黄色自行车，我妈妈每天都会用它载我去训练。它前面有一个小篮子)”可知，Graciela是一辆带篮子的黄色自行车。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“I thought to myself: At some point, everything is going to change.(我心想：总有一天，一切都会改变)”，第二段的“My dad stayed out there working, all day. If he didn’t sell that day, maybe we wouldn’t have enough to eat.(我爸整天都在外面工作。如果那天他不工作，也许我们就吃不饱了)”和第四段的“A woman biking through town with a little boy on the back and a bag in the basket with his boots. Up hills. Down hills. Through the dangerous neighborhoods. In the rain. In the cold. In the dark.(一个骑着自行车穿过小镇的女人背着一个小男孩，篮子里有一个包和他的靴子。上山。下山。穿过危险的街区。在雨中。在寒冷中。在黑暗中)”可推知，作者和父母有一个共同的品质，那就是意志坚定，故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Nowadays people look on YouTube, watch the World Cup and see the results, but they don’t know the journey. They don’t know about my living room walls turning from white to black. They don’t know about my father working under a little roof. They don’t know about my mother riding Graciela through the rain and the cold.(现在人们在YouTube上看世界杯，看比赛结果，但他们不知道比赛的过程。他们不知道我客厅的墙从白色变成了黑色。他们不知道我父亲在一个小房子里工作。他们不知道我妈妈骑着Graciela在雨中冒着寒冷)”可推知，作者想告诉我们每一个荣耀的背后都有一个故事。故选D。
【2023广东佛山一模】Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver(肝) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published, and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune(免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.
4. What did Deveza do to save her mother
A. Carrying out a case study.
B. Calling for kidney donations.
C. Launching a medical experiment.
D. Trading half her liver for a kidney.
5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Patients’ desperation to survive.
B. Several sources of organ donation.
C. Current situation of organ transplants.
D. Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
6. What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons
A. It discouraged organ donation.
B. It brought two families together.
C. It met with widespread approval.
D. It produced a desirable outcome.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. My Liver, Your Kidney
B. Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C. Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients
D. Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
【答案】4. D5. C6. D7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈，并取得了成功。这一成功的案例具有积极的影响。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver for someone else’s kidney.(Deveza提出了一个不同的计划。2017年，她开始了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间的不同器官配对交换，用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏。)”可知，Deveza为了帮助妈妈移植合适的肾脏，用自己的一半肝脏作为交换。故选D项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读，结合第三段的关键句“… there are never enough organs.(但器官永远都不够用)”，“people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends(肾衰竭患者越来越多地接受亲友捐赠的器官)”和“doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative(医生可能会找到成对的潜在捐赠者，他们各自可以将一个肾脏捐给对方的亲属)”可知，该段主要讲述了器官移植的现状。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten per cent increase.(研究小组希望这个开创性案例能激励更多的人考虑做同样的事情。罗伯茨说，涉及两名捐赠者的直接交换每年可增加多达30例活体肝脏移植——增加10%。)”可知，他们两个的“器官互换”的成功可以对其他人产生激励作用，从而使直接交换器官的案例增加。由此可推知，这产生了令人满意的结果。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章第二段内容“In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver for someone else’s kidney.( 2017年，她开始了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间的不同器官配对交换，用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏。)”为核心话题，即，文章主要讲述了Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈，并取得了成功，后文则以此为延申讲述了其可能产生的积极影响。因此，选项A“My Liver, Your Kidney(我的肝，你的肾)”不仅贴合主旨，且作为标题更具有吸引力。故选A项。
【2023山西临汾一模】In1665, Johannes Vermeer, one of the greatest painters in Netherlands, completed his masterpiece “Girl With a Pearl Earring.” On an April day 357 years later, Janine Strong slowed her bike to stop, paused her fitness app, and watched as the snaking line of her cycling route drew the shape of Vermeer’s masterpiece over the streets of Brooklyn.
Ms. Strong creates what has come to be known as “GPS art” — a practice that uses the Global Positioning System mapping capabilities of modern phone apps to create digital drawings with an athlete’s route. It has grown with the widespread availability of satellite tracking for use by ordinary people. In fact, the idea has been around since before the popularity of smartphones for fitness like Strava released in 2009.
In 2003, The New York Times Magazine told of how Jeremy Wood got the idea for GPS art. Mr. Wood said while he was using a GPS tracker on a flight and the plane flew in a holding pattern above Heath-row Airport, he was attracted by the pattern appearing on his Garmin GPS device. In recent years, technology has advanced enough to create visual maps in real time using a phone or smart watch.
“I get bored cycling on the same path in the same streets,” Ms. Strong said. “Creating GPS art gives me more reasons to hit the pavement, which makes cycling a lot easier. I always have a big smile on my face when it works out and I upload it and it’s done,” she added. “It’s a very satisfying feeling.”
To complete her digital vision of “Girl With a Pearl Earring,” she biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn, carefully checking Strava to make sure each turn, circle, and straight line was achieving the shape of earring and head covering of Vermeer’s original.
4. What can we infer about Janine Strong in paragraph1
A. She tests a fitness app. B. She is an innovative cyclist.
C. She likes pearl earrings. D. She is a painter of some note.
5. What information can we get about GPS art
A. It is rarely used by common people. B. It arose after the popularity of fitness apps.
C. It is based on apps’ GPS mapping functions. D. It is a practice of creating realistic drawings.
6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The origin of GPS art. B. The prospect of GPS art.
C. The function of a GPS tracker. D. The advancement of a GPS device.
7. Who will be most likely to create GPS art
A. Painting lovers. B. Mobile game players.
C. Software developers. D. Running enthusiasts.
【答案】4. B5. C6. A7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了Janine Strong创作GPS艺术，她用自己的运动轨迹绘制出了一幅名画的形状。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“On an April day 357 years later, Janine Strong slowed her bike to stop, paused her fitness app, and watched as the snaking line of her cycling route drew the shape of Vermeer’s masterpiece over the streets of Brooklyn.(357年后的一个4月，Janine Strong放慢自行车的速度停下来，暂停了健身应用程序，看着她骑自行车时蜿蜒的路线在布鲁克林的街道上勾勒出Vermeer这幅杰作的形状)”可知，Janine Strong用自己的运动轨迹绘制出了一幅名画的形状，由此可推测她是一个有创新精神的自行车手。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ms. Strong creates what has come to be known as ‘GPS art’—a practice that uses the Global Positioning System mapping capabilities of modern phone apps to create digital drawings with an athlete’s route.(Strong女士创作了所谓的‘GPS艺术’——利用现代手机应用程序的全球定位系统绘图功能，以数字方式绘制运动员的路线)”可知，“GPS艺术”是基于应用程序上GPS的绘图功能。故选C。
【6题详解】
段落大意题。根据第三段内容，结合本段中“In 2003, The New York Times Magazine told of how Jeremy Wood got the idea for GPS art.(2003年，《纽约时报》杂志讲述了Jeremy Wood是如何获得GPS艺术的灵感的)”可知，本段是讲述GPS艺术的起源。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。结合第二段中“a practice that uses the Global Positioning System mapping capabilities of modern phone apps to create digital drawings with an athlete’s route(利用现代手机应用程序的全球定位系统的绘图功能，以数字方式绘制运动员的路线)”可知，GPS艺术是跑步者利用应用程序记录跑步路线的功能来精心设计自己的运动轨迹，从而绘制出想要的图案，故跑步爱好者最有可能创造GPS艺术。故选D。
【2023安徽合肥一模】A Malawian woman, Gloria Majiga-Kamoto, was recently awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa — the world’s leading award for grassroots environmental activists.
Gloria Majiga-Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organization with a program that gave goats to rural farmers, who would use the goat waste to produce low-cost, high-quality organic fertilizer (肥料). The problem The thin plastic bags covering the Malawian countryside. “We have this very common street food, chiwaya, which is salty and served in little blue plastics,” Majiga-Kamoto says. “Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion (摄食) system.” For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system-affecting people’s living and health.
“I remember back in the day when we’d go to the market and buy things like fish, you’d get it in newspapers,” the 30-year-old says. But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi, selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices. In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single-use plastic in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi’s plastics-producing industry appealed to the country’s High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended.
When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy — and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers.
Michael Sutton, executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation, said, “Majiga-Kamoto’s fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize.”
4. What made Majiga-Kamoto realize the problem
A. Her experience with plastic-eating goats.
B. Her discovery of goat waste everywhere.
C. Her doubt about the safety of street food.
D. Her care for the farmers living in poverty.
5. What can we learn about Malawi
A. It used to be extremely rich in fish.
B. It advocated using thin plastic bags.
C. It failed to ban single-use plastic at first.
D. It relied heavily on the plastic industry.
6. What was the purpose of Majiga-Kamoto’s acts in Paragraph 4
ATo put the ban into effect.
B. To support the government.
C. To back the plastic industry up.
D. To promote Malawi’s economy.
7. Which of the following best describes Majiga-Kamoto
A. Humble. B. Generous. C. Patient. D. Committed.
【答案】4. A5. C6. A7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了马拉维女士Gloria Majiga Kamoto最近被授予高盛非洲环境奖，这是世界上对草根环境活动家的最高奖项，并详细讲述了她对于马拉维塑料禁令的颁布和执行所作出的努力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“‘Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion system.’ For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system-affecting people’s living and health.(“山羊吃塑料是为了吃咸味，因为塑料堵塞了消化系统而死亡。”对她来说，这一刻一切都变了。突然间，她开始注意到塑料在马拉维的环境和食品系统中无处不在，影响着人们的生活和健康)”可知，在了解到山羊因食用塑料而死亡的这一时刻，她意识到了马拉维的环境和食品中的塑料问题。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single-use plastic in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi’s plastics-producing industry appealed to the country’s High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended.(事实上，马拉维政府在2015年就决定禁止进口、生产和分销一次性塑料。但在禁令全面生效之前，马拉维的塑料生产行业向该国高等法院上诉反对禁令，导致禁令被暂停)”以及第四段内容“Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers.(最终在2019年，马拉维高等法院裁定支持该禁令。第二年，政府开始关闭非法塑料生产商)”可知，马拉维政府曾在2015年决定颁布有关一次性塑料的禁令，但遭到了反对而被暂停，后在2020最终实现了相关禁令的推行。由此可知，它最初未能禁止一次性塑料。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy — and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban.(当Majiga Kamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们听到这件事时，他们很恼火。她组织了游行，拒绝了塑料行业有关禁令会损害马拉维经济的说法，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论。最终，2019年，马拉维高等法院裁定该禁令获得了支持)”可知，Majiga Kamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们的行为最终促进了马拉维高等法院对该禁令的支持。由此推知，Majiga行为的目的是为了促进该禁令的执行。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. (当Majiga Kamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们听到这件事时，他们很恼火。她组织了游行，拒绝了塑料行业有关禁令会损害马拉维经济的说法，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论。)”可知，Majiga为了“塑料禁令”的颁布和推行作出了非常多的努力。由此推知，她是一个尽心尽力的人。故选D项。
【2023河南郑州一模】One day Beth received a piano as a gift from her neighbor Mr. Laurence, which had belonged to his late granddaughter. In spite of her shyness, Beth was determined to show her gratefulness.
“You’ll have to go and thank him,” said her sister by way of a joke, for the idea of the child’s really going never entered her head. “Yes, I mean to. I guess I’ll go now, before I get frightened thinking about it.”
And, to the amazement of everyone present, Beth walked deliberately down the garden, through the fence, and in at the Laurences’ door. “Well, I wish I may die if it isn’t the strangest thing I ever see!” cried Hannah, staring after her, while the other girls were made quite speechless by her unexpected act.
They would have been still more amazed if they had seen what Beth did afterward. She went and knocked at the study door before she gave herself time to think. When a deep voice called out “Come in”, she did go in, right up to Mr. Laurence, who looked quite surprised, and held out her hand, saying, with only a small quake in her voice, “I came to thank you, sir, for... ” But she didn’t finish, for he looked so friendly that she forgot her speech and, only remembering that he had lost the little girl he loved, she put both arms round his neck and kissed him.
The old gentleman couldn’t have been more astonished. But he liked it. Oh dear, yes, he liked it amazingly! And he was so touched and pleased by that little kiss that he just set her on his knee, and laid his wrinkled cheek against her rosy one, feeling as if he had got his own little granddaughter back again. Beth didn’t fear him from that moment, and sat there talking to him freely as if she had known him all her life, for love drives away fear, and gratefulness can defeat pride.
When she went home, he walked with her to her own gate, shook hands warmly, and touched his hat as he marched back again, looking like a handsome, old gentleman, as he was.
4. How did the other girls feel when seeing Beth walking to Mr. Laurence’s house
A. Relieved. B. Shocked.
C. Pleased. D. Terrified.
5. Why didn’t Beth finish her speech when she saw Mr. Laurence
A. She was shy and nervous.
B. She was too excited to speak.
C. She was moved by his kindness.
D. She was too afraid before a stranger.
6. What does the author want to express mainly in this text
A. We should overcome our inner fear.
B. Love and gratefulness can do wonders.
C. We ought to repay those who help us.
D. Courage comes from strong determination. .
7. What is the text
A. A novel. B. A diary entry.
C. A report. D. A book review.
【答案】4. B5. C6. B7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述小女孩贝丝收到了邻居劳伦斯先生送给她的礼物——钢琴，这个礼物是属于他过世的孙女的。贝丝很感谢劳伦斯先生，虽然很害羞，但是贝丝仍然鼓起勇气去感谢劳伦斯先生。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“And, to the amazement of everyone present, Beth walked deliberately down the garden, through the fence, and in at the Laurences’ door. (令在场的所有人惊讶的是，贝丝故意沿着花园走，穿过栅栏，来到劳伦斯家门口。)”可知，看到贝丝去劳伦斯的家，每个人都很惊讶。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“But she didn’t finish, for he looked so friendly that she forgot her speech and, only remembering that he had lost the little girl he loved, she put both arms round his neck and kissed him. (但她没有说完，因为他看起来很友好，以至于她忘记了自己的演讲，只记得他失去了他所爱的小女孩，她用双臂搂住他的脖子，吻了他一下。)”可知，贝丝没有说完，是因为劳伦斯先生看起来很友好，所以她忘记了自己的演讲。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Beth didn’t fear him from that moment, and sat there talking to him freely as if she had known him all her life, for love drives away fear, and gratefulness can defeat pride. (贝丝从那一刻起就不害怕他，坐在那里和他畅所欲言，仿佛她早就认识他一样，因为爱可以驱散恐惧，感激可以战胜骄傲。)”可知，作者想表达的是，爱和感激可以创造奇迹。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“One day Beth received a piano as a gift from her neighbor Mr. Laurence, which had belonged to his late granddaughter. In spite of her shyness, Beth was determined to show her gratefulness. (一天，贝丝收到邻居劳伦斯先生送给她的一架钢琴，这架钢琴是他已故孙女的。尽管贝丝害羞，但她决心表达她的感激之情。)”可知，这篇文章讲述一个故事，属于记叙文。而且下文还有对话，所以这篇文章应该是小说。故选A。
【2023河南安阳一模】In early August, Hilary Krieger, now 44, was sitting in her parents’ Boston home when her friend accidentally squirted (喷射) himself with an orange slice. She said, “Oh, the orange just orbisculated.” And he said, “It did what ” The two made a five-dollar bet, and Hilary gladly grabbed the family dictionary but found the word “orbisculate” was not in it! Hilary burst into her dad’s study and told him the shocking news. Looking awkward, her father admitted that he had made up the word “orbisculate” as the action that happens “when you dig your spoon into a grapefruit and it squirts juice directly into your eye”.
At first, Hilary was mad. But she quickly came to see her dad’s made-up word as a gift. It speaks to his creativity and the idea that, even when something is painful and annoying, like getting grapefruit juice in your eye, you can laugh and have fun with it.
Hilary’s father Neil Krieger died in April 2020, at age 78. Since the Kriegers couldn’t have a proper funeral, Hilary who now lives in New York, spent a lot of time on the phone talking with friends and family, and the “orbisculate” story kept coming up.
“I began to think ‘orbisculate’ is such a great word; it should be in the dictionary!” says Hilary. She called her younger brother Jonathan, who lives in Boston and runs an online company. Their goal is to put the word to use publicly enough that it has a chance of becoming acceptable. Encouraging people to use “orbisculate” in a wide variety of contexts will leave a compelling (令人信服的) trail of evidence for lexicographers (词典编纂者) to follow.
It has been more than two years since Neil’s death and his children are still struggling from the loss. But their campaign to get their father’s word into the dictionary has helped them win back a little of the joy that has been missing from their lives. “I could picture him being really excited,” Jonathan says. “And not until that day did I know my father had created many ‘words’ that we wouldn’t see in the dictionary.”
4. What made Hilary find “orbisculate” doesn’t exist
A. A piece of shocking news.
B. The latest dictionary.
C. Her father’s strange reaction.
D. An accident between her friend and her.
5. Which of the following can best describe Hilary’s father
A. Strict and stubborn.
B. Optimistic and creative.
C. Flexible and reliable.
D. Determined and hardworking.
6. When did Hilary decide to get the word “orbisculate” into the dictionary
A. After her father’s death.
B. When her father told her the truth.
C. After her brother’s request.
D. After she put the word to use publicly.
7. What will probably be talked about in the following part
A. Hilary encourages people to make up more new words.
B. The introduction to other words created by Hilary’s father.
C. The reply that the official gave Hilary and her brother.
D. Hilary and her brother will continue to fight for their demand.
【答案】4. D5. B6. A7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Hilary Krieger的爸爸创造了orbisculate这个词，她认为这显示了爸爸的创新精神，她努力想让这个词被收录进词典。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“her friend accidentally squirted (喷射) himself with an orange slice. She said, “Oh, the orange just orbisculated.” And he said, “It did what ” The two made a five-dollar bet, and Hilary gladly grabbed the family dictionary but found the word “orbisculate” was not in it!(她的朋友不小心用橘子片喷了自己。她说：“哦，橙子刚orbisculate了。”他说：“它做了什么 ”两人打了一个五美元的赌，Hilary高兴地拿起了家庭词典，但发现里面没有“orbisculate”这个词！)”可知，她和朋友之间发生的意外事件让Hilary发现“orbisculate”不存在，故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“It speaks to his creativity and the idea that, even when something is painful and annoying, like getting grapefruit juice in your eye, you can laugh and have fun with it.(这说明了他的创造力和他的想法，即使有些事情很痛苦和烦人，比如葡萄柚汁进眼睛了，你也可以笑着玩。)”可知，Hilary的父亲是乐观和有创造力的，故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Hilary’s father Neil Krieger died in April 2020(Hilary的父亲Neil Krieger于2020年4月去世)”和第四段的“I began to think ‘orbisculate’ is such a great word; it should be in the dictionary(我开始觉得‘orbisculate’是一个多么伟大的词；它应该在字典里！Hilary说)”可知，Hilary在她父亲死后决定把“orbisculate”这个词收入词典，故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And not until that day did I know my father had created many ‘words’ that we wouldn’t see in the dictionary.(直到那天，我才知道我父亲创造了许多我们在字典里找不到的‘词’。)”可知，接下来的部分可能会介绍Hilary的父亲创造的其他词汇，故选B。
【2023陕西咸阳一模】Born in Russia and living in an orphanage (孤儿院) for the first 13 months of her life, Jessica Long had no idea what her future would hold. The little girl born with Fibular Hemimelia would not only go on to be a 13-time gold medal-winning Paralympic champion, but she would inspire others to chase their dreams.
Long was born in Russia, where she lived in an orphanage until her parents adopted her in 1993. Soon after being adopted, she had to have her legs amputated (截肢) at only a year and a half. “It gave me a lot of freedom and movement,” Long said. “But growing up was definitely really hard. From a very early age, I just decided that I was going to be unstoppable and I wasn’t going to let my legs hold me back.” From that point forward, she didn’t let anyone tell her what she was or wasn’t capable of doing. She started doing gymnastics as a kid. Then, in 2002, Long found her sport for life: swimming!
“I was the only girl with no legs on the swim team, ” she said. “There were moments I struggled, but my teammates treated me like a friend. When I look back on my life and I think about anyone on that team, no one made fun of me for having no legs and they were so kind.” Long defied (顶住) all odds and surprised everyone when she qualified at age only 12 for the Paralympics in 2004 in Athens. After four Paralympics, Long has won 13 gold, six silver, and four bronze medals. She has dozens of World Championship medals and has broken numerous world records throughout her career so far. But she didn’t concentrate on winning awards or being famous. “I really just love swimming. It’s important for any athlete to remember just why you started,” she said.
As one of the most decorated athletes in history, Long’s goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows. “Dream big,” she said. “There are so many possibilities out there, so find your passion, be consistent and work hard. You define your own success.”
24. How old was Long when she found her life sport
A. 11 B. 10. C. 12. D. 13.
25. What made Jessica determine to devote herself to swimming
A. Her experience of winning 13 gold medals.
B. Her parents’ support and teachers’ help.
C. Her teammates’ understanding and kindness.
D. Her focus on winning awards and fame.
26. What is the text mainly about
A. A poor orphanage and her close friends.
B. A happy girl and her confusing childhood.
C. An amazing illness and its terrible influence.
D. An inspiring story about an unlucky person.
27. Which of the following may Long most agree with
A. If you can dream it, you can make it.
B. If you want to succeed, learn to swim.
C. A man never reaches success until disabled.
D. A sportsman’s goal is winning gold medals.
【答案】24. B25. C26. D27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了残疾远动员杰西卡·朗克服身体限制，努力奋斗，成为了13枚残奥会金牌得主的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Born in Russia and living in an orphanage for the first 13 months of her life, Jessica Long had no idea what her future would hold. (杰西卡·朗出生于俄罗斯，在她生命的前13个月住在孤儿院，她不知道自己的未来会是什么样子)”以及第二段中“Long was born in Russia, where she lived in an orphanage until her parents adopted her in 1993.(朗出生在俄罗斯，在1993年被父母收养之前，她一直住在一家孤儿院)”可知，朗是在1992年出生的，再根据第二段中“Then, in 2002, Long found her sport for life: swimming!(然后，在2002年，朗找到了她一生的运动：游泳!)”可知，她是在10岁时找到游泳这项终身运动的。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“There were moments I struggled, but my teammates treated me like a friend. When I look back on my life and I think about anyone on that team, no one made fun of me for having no legs and they were so kind.(有些时候我很挣扎，但我的队友们像朋友一样对待我。当我回顾我的人生，想到游泳队里的每一个人，没有人因为我没有腿而取笑我，他们都很善良)”可推知，杰西卡也曾挣扎过，但是队友的理解和善良让她坚持下去了。故选C项。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Born in Russia and living in an orphanage for the first 13 months of her life, Jessica Long had no idea what her future would hold. The little girl born with Fibular Hemimelia would not only go on to be a 13-time gold medal-winning Paralympic champion, but she would inspire others to chase their dreams.(杰西卡·朗出生于俄罗斯，在她生命的前13个月住在孤儿院，她不知道自己的未来会是什么样子。这个天生患有腓骨半足症的小女孩不仅成为了13枚残奥会金牌得主，而且还激励了其他人去追逐他们的梦想)”以及最后一段“As one of the most decorated athletes in history, Long’s goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows. “Dream big,” she said. “There are so many possibilities out there, so find your passion, be consistent and work hard. You define your own success.”(作为历史上获得荣誉最多的运动员之一，朗的目标是只要她的身体允许，就继续比赛。“要有远大的梦想，”她说。“有太多的可能性，所以找到你的激情，坚持不懈，努力工作。你自己定义自己的成功。”)”可知，本文主要是通过讲述杰西卡的故事，来激励他人，也就是一个关于不幸的人的鼓舞人心的故事。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后第一段中“As one of the most decorated athletes in history, Long’s goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows. “Dream big,” she said. “There are so many possibilities out there, so find your passion, be consistent and work hard. You define your own success.”(作为历史上获得荣誉最多的运动员之一，朗的目标是只要她的身体允许，就继续比赛。“要有远大的梦想，”她说。“有太多的可能性，所以找到你的激情，坚持不懈，努力工作。你自己定义自己的成功。”)”可知，杰西卡认为只要有梦想，你就要坚持下去，就能做到，所以她会同意A项“If you can dream it, you can make it.(如果你能梦想，你就能做到)”。故选A项。
【2023甘肃张掖一模】When young, I loved going on trail（小路） runs. It was my favorite way to escape stress. So, when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph. D. program, I thought a trail run was just what I needed. But instead of helping me relax, the run did just the opposite.
After I moved to the city for college, where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails, I used a GPS watch. When I went on trail runs again in the country, it constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasn’t keeping up with my usual pace. I turned my watch off, thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected, but I worried I was underperforming. “Why can’ t I let go and just enjoy myself ” I wondered. But after some introspection（反省）, I realized why I was struggling—both on trail runs and in graduate school.
Going into my Ph. D. , I had thought that my solid undergraduate track record would set me up for instant success. To my surprise, I was wrong. I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students’ self-confidence and their excellent results made me feel insecure. Finally, one day I broke down in tears in my adviser’ s office.
Then came my visit home: I was having trouble because I hadn’ t properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run.
A Ph. D. is like a trail run: Sometimes you can run fast. Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep, winding trail at a snail’ s pace. And that’ s OK. Barriers are unavoidable, and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth, flat path. Sometimes it’ s best to take a deep breath and do your best to meet the challenge.
4. How did the author feel when he was on trail runs again
A. Relaxed. B. Tired.
C. Anxious. D. Happy.
5. What resulted in the author’ s poor performance in Ph. D
A. His lack of confidence. B. His lack of hard work.
C. His poor research abilities. D. His poor track record.
6. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph
A. His desire for success. B. His confidence of trail runs.
C. His expectations in his study. D. His realization after the trail run.
7. What does the author want to tell us
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Working out regularly is beneficial.
C. It’ s important to make necessary adjustments.
D. It’ s vital to turn to others for help.
【答案】4. C5. A6. D7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在城市水泥路上和在乡村小路上跑步时的不同感受，反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因，告诉读者要学会根据情况来调整自己的预期，去收获成功与满足。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“but I worried I was underperforming”可知，跑步没能让作者放松，相反却感到焦虑，故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.”可知，作者在学业方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。上文中作者对比了在城市水泥路上跑步和在乡村小路上跑步的不同，因此在文章末段作者表达了自己在经历这件事后的领悟，故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。作者在文章中主要通过自己跑步时不同感受的对比，反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因，告诉读者要学会根据不同的情况来调整自己的预期，故选C。
【点睛】细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。如第2小题，根据第三段中的“I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow.”可知，作者在学业方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信，故选A。
【2023湖南长沙一模】When Roosevelt was a kid, his doctors claimed that he was too weak to live a normal life like most children of his age. They strongly recommended him to avoid participation in any physical activities, fearing that it could worsen his health condition and potentially lead to his death. Their opinions implied that he would face up to a life full of all kinds of limitations. Instead of permitting their limiting beliefs about what he could do and achieve, he chose to live a meaningful life.
Despite his doctors’strong suggestions that he remain inactive, he didn’t want to be a carefree observer of the world as it passed him by. He was determined to force himself to be active. Roosevelt had daily adventures in the woods as a boy.
He continued to play sports when he got to college. In fact, he didn’t just play, but he excelled in both boxing and rowing, both of which require astonishing levels of strength and endurance. When Roosevelt graduated from college, his doctors were still not completely sure about his health condition. They still believed that he would be putting himself in serious danger, because his heart problems had not improved. They firmly believed that it would be best to find a desk job for him after completing a college degree. Once again, Roosevelt decided to challenge himself to his physical limits by living an extremely energetic adult life. In about every field he took part, he would aim to push his physical limits. Impressively, he was excellent as an explorer, a hunter, an author, a soldier and a politician.
Eventually, Roosevelt went beyond the mistaken limitation upon him and lived an amazing life.
4. What would happen if Roosevelt followed his doctors’ suggestions
A. He would live a meaningful life.
B. His life would be full of limitations.
CHis parents would feel satisfied with him.
D. He would become an extraordinary person.
5. What did his doctors expect Roosevelt to become after college graduation
A. An explorer. B. A boxing player.
C. An office clerk. D. A politician.
6. How is the text mainly developed
A. By following time order. B. By listing obvious reasons.
C. By giving some examples. D. By making necessary comparisons.
7. Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt
A. Humorous. B. Generous. C. Considerate. D. Ambitious.
【答案】4. B5. C6. A7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。Roosevelt小时候身体虚弱，医生建议他不要参加任何体育活动，但他突破身体的限制，选择过一种有意义的人生。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Their opinions implied that he would face up to a life full of all kinds of limitations.(他们的意见暗示他将面对充满各种限制的生活)”可知，如果遵照医生的建议，Roosevelt的生活将充斥着各种各样的限制。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When Roosevelt graduated from college, his doctors were still not completely sure about his health condition. They still believed that he would be putting himself in serious danger, because his heart problems had not improved. They firmly believed that it would be best to find a desk job for him after completing a college degree. (罗斯福大学毕业时，他的医生们仍然对他的健康状况不完全确定。他们仍然认为他将把自己置于严重的危险之中，因为他的心脏问题没有得到改善。他们坚信，在他完成大学学位后，最好为他找一份办公室工作。)”可知，医生认为Roosevelt大学毕业后最好找一份办公室工作。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“When Roosevelt was a kid, his doctors claimed that he was too weak to live a normal life like most children of his age.(当罗斯福还是个孩子的时候，他的医生说他太虚弱了，不能像大多数同龄的孩子那样过正常的生活)”；第三段中“He continued to play sports when he got to college. (上大学后，他继续参加体育运动)”以及“They firmly believed that it would be best to find a desk job for him after completing a college degree.(他们坚信，在他完成大学学位后，最好为他找一份办公室工作)”可知，文章主要是按时间顺序叙述的。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Instead of permitting their limiting beliefs about what he could do and achieve, he chose to live a meaningful life.(他选择过有意义的生活，而不是让他们限制他能做什么和取得什么成就。)”，第二 段的“He was determined to force himself to be active. Roosevelt had daily adventures in the woods as a boy.(他决心强迫自己积极起来。罗斯福小时候每天都在森林里冒险。)”以及第三段的“Impressively, he was excellent as an explorer, a hunter, an author, a soldier and a politician.(令人印象深刻的是，他是一位出色的探险家、猎人、作家、士兵和政治家。)”可知，在Roosevelt小时候，他的医生建议他不要参加任何体育活动，担心参加体育活动会使他的健康状况恶化，但他选择过一种有意义的人生，成为出色的探险家、猎人、作家、士兵和政治家。由此可推知，Roosevelt有理想有抱负。故选D。
