天津市部分区
2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读表达
天津市和平区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末质量调查英语学科试卷
第一部分 阅读表达(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满 分 10 分 )
阅读表达
Ed Viesturs grew up in Rockford, Illinois, where the tallest thing on the horizon was the water tower. But on Thursday, Viesturs became the only American to climb to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains.
His last hike was up Mount Annapurna, in Asia’s snowcapped Himalayas. At 26,545 feet, its peak is the 10th highest in the world. It is the mountain that inspired him to start climbing.
“It tends to be the trickiest, the most dangerous,” said Viesturs. “There’s no simple way to climb it. There are threatening avalanches (雪崩) and ice falls that protect the mountain.”
In high school, Viesturs read French climber Maurice Herzog’s tale of climbing the icy Annapurna. Herzog’s story was of frostbite(冻伤) and difficulty and near-death experiences. Viesturs was hooked right away.
Viesturs got his start on Washington’s Mount Rainier in 1977, guiding hikes in the summer.
Fifteen years ago, he set out to walk up to the world’s highest peaks. Finally, he’s done.
The pioneering climber talks about mountains as if they were living creatures that should be treated with respect. “You have to use all of your senses, all of your abilities to see if the mountain will let you climb it,” said Viesturs. “If we have the patience and the respect, and if we’re here at the right time, under the right circumstances, they allow us to go up, and allow us to come down.”
What’s next for a man who can’t stop climbing “I’m going to hug my wife and kids and kind of kick back and enjoy the summer,” says Viesturs. But for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off on yet another adventure.
46. What record has Ed Viesturs set (no more than 15 words)
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47. Which mountain made Viesturs decide to start climbing (no more than 2 words)
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48. What does the underlined word “hooked” in Paragraph 4 mean (no more than 1 word)
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49. What did the pioneering climber think of the mountains (no more than 8 words)
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50 Do you think Ed Viesturs will stop climbing Give your reason. (no more than 20 words)
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天津市河北区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
“Every life is a boat, the dream is the boat sail.” Every child has a dream of what they want to be. When Renee Butts was little, her dream was to become a volunteer firefighter because her father was one. Sadly, when she was 14, her beloved father died and she was never able to do volunteer work with him. However, Renee’s story didn’t end there. She was determined and never gave up, which makes for a good firefighter.
Now Renee is a member of the Carmel Fire Department, where she is required to be an Emergency Medical Technician. She should also be ready to deal with any emergency, like fighting a fire, dealing with a car accident or helping someone who’s sick. Sometimes she is in the driver’s seat or using the water pump. Renee works nine to eleven days a month on 24-hour shifts. She also has a family to care for, as her husband is also a busy firefighter. Dealing with housework and working so much can show her great determination.
When I asked Renee what the best part of her job was, she replied, “Helping people and saving lives.” I think that shows signs of being a true hero. She’s always willing to do anything for anyone in need. Renee says that her job is frightening at times, but extremely exciting. “The worst part of my job is that I see death. Actually, sometimes people die in the accident, for which I am very sorry.” With 140 people in her station, Renee is one of the only three women, but that doesn’t bother her. She says everyone can get a fair shot and do the same jobs.
I was inspired by this because I knew I would be very scared to do her job and didn’t know if I could handle seeing people die. We would never live without people like her who have the courage to risk their lives. Renee’s determination rubs off on me and makes me believe that I can do anything.
46. What’s Renee’s job in the Carmel Fire Department (no more than 5 words)
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47. How does Renee feel about her job (no more than 5 words)
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48. Why does the author think Renee Butts is a true hero (no more than 15 words)
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49. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3 (no more than 5 words)
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50. What do you think of Renee Please give your reasons. (no more than 25 words)
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天津市河东区2022～2023学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试卷
V. 阅读表达（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
阅读短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。
Most people want to have a warm family to make them feel safe and secure. For the old with dementia(痴呆), living with their family is of great importance.
SilviaBo, named after Queen Silvia is a project made by Skanska and IKEA in partnership with Queen Silvia, which is aimed at perfecting the level of dementia care.
BoKlok, a joint venture(合资企业) created by Skanska and IKEA, introduces a new house which is cheap and environmentally friendly.
All of the apartments’ facilities are designed uniformly like furniture and bathroom equipment, which helps keep the costs down. SilviaBo even offers help to the people with lower income, so they can pay what they couldn’t afford formerly.
H.M Queen Silvia participates in the plan of the new BoKlok project, including the color of the toilet seats and shower design. “She truly devotes herself to this project. This is her baby,” said Jonas Spangenberg, BoKlok’s CEO. That’s because the Queen understands people with dementia are forced to leave their homes and that keeping them in their homes is a better way.
In March 2017, the first SilviaBo home began to be built and Queen Silvia was there to watch it. She said that her mother suffered from Alzheimer’s, one type of dementia. Therefore, SilviaBo homes were important to her.
“To take care of the old, the cost is high,” Spangenberg told CNN. “It’s much cheaper for society and the public to help them at home.” These creative solutions are the key to giving people with dementia a good quality of life. There is no better gift than staying at their homes with their loving family.
46. How does SilviaBo control the cost of its homes (no more than 10 words)
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47. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 probably mean (no more than 5 words)
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48. Why does the Queen devote herself to the BoKlok project (no more than 10 words)
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49. What’s the purpose of the project --- SilviaBo (no more than 15 words)
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50. What do you think of SilviaBo homes Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
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天津市红桥区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试卷
第二部分：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think nervously about Steven Spielberg’s Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us.
Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem. Sharks, in particular, are “in” these days. Thanks to good public policy and famous stars such as Jackie Chan and Ang Lee, killing sharks for fin soup is no longer cool.
The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction (灭绝)—up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins. But we have started to reverse the trend, particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu.
In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations. Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years. These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins.
Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing marine life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury (奢侈的) goods has become a fall-scale war. The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming. Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals.
46. Why do people begin to make efforts to protect the declining number of sharks (No more than 15 words)
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47. What’s the main reason for killing sharks (No more than 10 Words)
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48. Who helped California decide to ban the sale and possession of shark fin soup (No more than 5 Words)
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49. What does the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 3 mean (1 word)
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50. In your opinion, what’s the best way to stop killing animals (No more than 20 words)
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天津市河西区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末阶段性质量监测英语试题
四、阅读表达
Growing up in Saudi Arabia, 44-year-old photographer Jody MacDonald has always had a strong interest in the desert. “I have always wanted to spend some time in the Sahara,” MacDonald said. “There are still so many unexplored areas in the Sahara Desert. These relatively unexplored places are so rare these days and hold the very fundamentals of exploration, which attract me. So finally I made the journey.” MacDonald started her journey in Mauritania’s capital city Nouakchott, and headed inland where she and her team jumped on the world’s longest cargo train (货运列车) for a 435-mile journey on the Mauritania Railway. “The train was dirty and uncomfortable but it was such an interesting and unique way to travel through the vast desert by train,” said MacDonald.
MacDonald and her group had to face many challenges on their journey. Except for the dirt and discomfort, the travelers also had to deal with the intense heat, violent winds and even dangerous sandstorms. “I was out taking photographs and within minutes, the wind increased to more than 100 miles an hour,” MacDonald said. “I thought my skin was going to be torn off because of the rain and blowing sand. It felt like sandpaper on my skin. I have never experienced winds that strong before. There was once a time when I wanted to give up.”
She dealt with the harsh (恶劣的) conditions by trying not to travel in the middle of the day and wore headscarves to protect herself from the sun and blowing sand. “The weather definitely dictates when and where you travel,” said MacDonald. Even with all the challenges, the photographer managed to record amazing images of the beautiful but harsh landscapes of Mauritania, and its fascinating cultures and communities.
1. Why did MacDonald tour the Sahara (no more than 10 words)
2. How did MacDonald feel on the cargo train (no more than 5 words)
3. Why did MacDonald once decide to give up her journey (no more than 10 words)
4. What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean (1 word)
5. How does MacDonald’s story inspire you in life Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
答案：
天津市和平区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末质量调查英语学科试卷
【答案】46. He has been to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains.
47. Mount Annapurna.
48. Attracted.
49. They were treated as / like living creatures.
50. No. Because for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off another adventure.
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了登山之王维埃斯图斯（Viesturs）的登山成就，他是唯一已经成功地征服了14座世界最高峰的美国人。
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“But on Thursday, Viesturs became the only American to climb to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains. (但在周四，Viesturs成为唯一登上世界14座最高山峰之巅的美国人。)”可知，Viesturs是成功地征服了14座世界最高峰的美国人。故答案为He has been to the top of the world’s 14 highest mountains.
【47题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“His last hike was up Mount Annapurna, in Asia’s snowcapped Himalayas. At 26,545 feet, its peak is the 10th highest in the world. It is the mountain that inspired him to start climbing. (他最后一次徒步旅行是在亚洲白雪皑皑的喜马拉雅山上的安纳普尔纳山。山峰海拔26545英尺，是世界第十高。正是这座山激励他开始攀登。)”可知，激励Viesturs开始攀登的是喜马拉雅山上的安纳普尔纳山。故答案为Mount Annapurna。
【48题详解】
考查词句猜测。根据第四段“In high school, Viesturs read French climber Maurice Herzog’s tale of climbing the icy Annapurna. Herzog’s story was of frostbite(冻伤) and difficulty and near-death experiences. Viesturs was hooked right away.( 高中时，Viesturs读过法国登山家莫里斯·赫尔佐格（Maurice Herzog）关于攀登冰冷的安纳普尔纳的故事。赫尔佐格的故事是关于冻伤的以及困难和濒死体验。Viesturs马上被hooked了。)”可知，hooked是动词，描述Viesturs在高中时读过法国登山家莫里斯·赫尔佐格关于攀登冰冷的安纳普尔纳的故事之后的反应。根据第二段“His last hike was up Mount Annapurna, in Asia’s snowcapped Himalayas. At 26,545 feet, its peak is the 10th highest in the world. It is the mountain that inspired him to start climbing. (他最后一次徒步旅行是在亚洲白雪皑皑的喜马拉雅山上的安纳普尔纳山。山峰海拔26545英尺，是世界第十高。正是这座山激励他开始攀登。)”可知，激励Viesturs开始攀登的是喜马拉雅山上的安纳普尔纳山。所以，Viesturs是被吸引去攀登，hooked的意思应该是“被吸引”。故答案为Attracted。
【49题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第七段“The pioneering climber talks about mountains as if they were living creatures that should be treated with respect. (这位登山先驱谈到山脉时，仿佛它们是应该受到尊重的生物。)”可知，这位登山先驱把山脉认为是生物。故答案为They were treated as / like living creatures.
【50题详解】
开放性试题。根据最后一段“What’s next for a man who can’t stop climbing “I’m going to hug my wife and kids and kind of kick back and enjoy the summer,” says Viesturs. But for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off on yet another adventure. (对于一个无法停止攀爬的人来说，接下来会发生什么？“我要拥抱我的妻子和孩子，放松一下，享受这个夏天，”Viesturs说。但对于一个登上了世界14座最高山峰的人来说，他可能很快就会开始另一次冒险。)”可知，Viesturs可能很快就会开始另一次冒险。故答案为No. Because for a man who’s climbed the world’s 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off another adventure.
天津市河北区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】46. An Emergency Medical Technician.
47. Frightening but extremely exciting.
48. Because Renee is always willing to do anything for anyone in need.
49. Have the equal opportunity.
50. I think Renee is selfless and willing to sacrifice everything to help others because she is a determined firefighter who enjoys saving lives.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卡梅尔消防局的一名紧急医疗技术员蕾妮的故事，她的决心、无私和乐观的态度感染着作者，帮助作者相信自己。
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Now Renee is a member of the Carmel Fire Department, where she is required to be an Emergency Medical Technician.(现在蕾妮是卡梅尔消防部门的一员，在那里她被要求成为一名紧急医疗技术员)”可知，蕾妮的工作是一名紧急医疗技术员。故答案为An Emergency Medical Technician.
【47题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Renee says that her job is frightening at times, but extremely exciting.(蕾妮说，她的工作有时令人害怕，但又非常令人兴奋)”可知，蕾妮认为她的工作既令人害怕，又令人兴奋。故答案为Frightening but extremely exciting.
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“When I asked Renee what the best part of her job was, she replied, “Helping people and saving lives.” I think that shows signs of being a true hero. She’s always willing to do anything for anyone in need.(当我问蕾妮她工作中最棒的部分是什么时，她回答说：“帮助别人，拯救生命。”我认为这是成为真正英雄的标志。她总是愿意为任何有需要的人做任何事)”可知，作者认为蕾妮是一个真正的英雄是因为她愿意为任何有需要的人付出一切。故答案为Because Renee is always willing to do anything for anyone in need.
【49题详解】
考查词句猜测。根据划线词上文“With 140 people in her station, Renee is one of the only three women, but that doesn’t bother her.(蕾妮所在的消防局有一百四十人，她是仅有的三位女性之一，但这并不困扰她)”可知，蕾妮所在的消防局男女比例极其不平衡，大多数人可能会觉得消防局这个系统很不公平，但对于蕾妮来说，这并不是一个困扰。结合划线词下文“ do the same jobs.(做同样的工作)”可推知，蕾妮所在的消防局里，每个人都能得到公平的机会，做同样的工作。由此可知，划线词组get a fair shot意为“获得公平的机会”。故答案为Have the equal opportunity.。
【50题详解】
考查开放性试题。言之有理，积极向上，注意字数限制。根据文章第一段“She was determined and never gave up, which makes for a good firefighter.(她有决心，从不放弃，这是一名优秀消防员的品质)”可知，蕾妮是一个有决心、不易放弃的人；根据文章第二段“She should also be ready to deal with any emergency,(她还应该准备好应对任何紧急情况)”可知，蕾妮的应急处突能力非常强；根据文章第三段“When I asked Renee what the best part of her job was, she replied, “Helping people and saving lives.” I think that shows signs of being a true hero. She’s always willing to do anything for anyone in need.(当我问蕾妮她工作中最棒的部分是什么时，她回答说：“帮助别人，拯救生命。”我认为这是成为真正英雄的标志。她总是愿意为任何有需要的人做任何事)”可知，蕾妮乐于助人，无私奉献。故答案为I think Renee is selfless and willing to sacrifice everything to help others because she is a determined firefighter who enjoys saving lives.
天津市河东区2022～2023学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试卷
【答案】46. All of the apartments’ facilities in SilviaBo are designed uniformly.
47. The project is her devotion.
48. Because the Queen understands the situation of people with dementia.
49. SilviaBo is aimed at perfecting the level of dementia care.
50. SilviaBo homes are great because they are much cheaper and can give people with dementia a good quality of life.
【解析】
【分析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Skanska 和 IKEA合作一个叫做SilviaBo的项目，旨在完善老年痴呆症的护理水平。该项目推出了一种既便宜又环保的新房子，为降低成本，房子里所有公寓的设施都是统一设计的，能够为痴呆症患者提供良好生活质量。
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“All of the apartments’ facilities are designed uniformly, like furniture and bathroom equipment, which helps keep the costs down.（所有公寓的设施都是统一设计的，比如家具和浴室设备，这有助于降低成本。）”可知，SilviaBo通过统一设计公寓设施来控制其住房成本，故答案为All of the apartments’ facilities in SilviaBo are designed uniformly。
【47题详解】
考查词句猜测。根据文章第五段“She truly devotes herself to this project. （她全身心地投入到这个项目中。）”可知，这个项目就是她热爱的事情。故答案为The project is her devotion。
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“That’s because the Queen understands people with dementia are forced to leave their homes and that keeping them in their homes is a better way.（这是因为女王明白患有痴呆症的人被迫离开他们的家，让他们呆在家里是更好的方法。）”可知，女王投身于BoKlok项目是因为女王理解痴呆症患者的处境，故答案为Because the Queen understands the situation of people with dementia。
【49题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“SilviaBo, named after Queen Silvia is a project made by Skanska and IKEA in partnership with Queen Silvia, which is aimed at perfecting the level of dementia care.（SilviaBo以西尔维亚女王的名字命名，是Skanska和宜家与西尔维亚女王合作的一个项目，旨在完善老年痴呆症的护理水平。）”可知，SilviaBo项目的目的是完善老年痴呆症的护理水平，故答案为SilviaBo is aimed at perfecting the level of dementia care。
【50题详解】
考查观点态度。根据文章最后一段“It’s much cheaper for society and the public to help them at home.These creative solutions are the key to giving people with dementia a good quality of life. （社会和公众在家里帮助他们要便宜得多。这些创造性的解决方案是为痴呆症患者提供良好生活质量的关键。）”可知，SilviaBo住宅价格便宜并且能为痴呆症患者提供良好的生活质量，故答案为SilviaBo homes are great because they are much cheaper and can give people with dementia a good quality of life。
天津市红桥区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试卷
【答案】46. Because the world has realized that we need sharks to keep a balanced eco-system.
47. People kill sharks just for their fins.
48. Wild Aid and other organizations.
49. Change.
50. In my opinion, stopping selling and purchasing the animal products is the best way to stop killing animals.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述的是人们意识到了鲨鱼对于保持生态平衡的重要性，并开始采取行动保护日益减少的鲨鱼，同时也分析了鲨鱼数量减少的原因，并呼吁人们减少对野生动物产品的需求来减少对野生动物的猎杀。
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据首段中的“Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem.(然而，我们高兴地看到全球努力保护日益减少的鲨鱼数量。世界已经意识到，我们需要像鲨鱼这样的物种来保持生态系统的平衡。)”可知，为什么人们开始努力保护数量下降的鲨鱼是因为世界已经意识到我们需要鲨鱼来维持生态系统的平衡。。故答案是Because the world has realized that we need sharks to keep a balanced ecosystem.
【47题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction (灭绝)—up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins.(几十年来，对鱼翅的需求一直在上升，威胁着鲨鱼的灭绝——每年仅为了鱼翅就杀死多达 1 亿条鲨鱼。)”可知，人们对鲨鱼翅的需求在日益增长，所以猎杀鲨鱼主要是为了得到鲨鱼翅。故答案是People kill sharks just for their fins.
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations.(在加利福尼亚州，通过野生援助组织和其他组织的努力，禁止销售和拥有鱼翅汤的禁令已于今年生效。)”可知，在Wild Aid and other organizations的努力下，禁止销售和持有鱼翅汤的禁令开始生效。故答案是Wild Aid and other organizations.
【49题详解】
考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction (灭绝)—up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins.(几十年来，对鱼翅的需求一直在上升，威胁着鲨鱼的灭绝——每年仅为了鱼翅就杀死多达 1 亿条鲨鱼。)”可知，由于对鲨鱼翅的需求日益增加，每年就有1亿多条鲨鱼被猎杀，结合下文中的but可知，划线单词所在的句子与该句的内容是转折关系，结合“we have started to reverse the trend, particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu.(我们已经开始reverse这一趋势，特别是在美国和海外的许多地区，餐馆曾经自豪地在菜单上提供美味的鱼翅。)”可知，很多地区的这一趋势发生了翻转，由此可推断，reverse的意思为“改变”。故答案是Change.
【50题详解】
开放型题目。根据文章最后一段中的“Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals.(美国与国际伙伴一道，正在领导全世界减少对依赖杀害动物的高端产品的需求的努力。)”可知，减少对高端产品的需求可以减少对野生动物的杀害，所以，在我看来禁止野生动物产品的买卖是最好的组织猎杀野生动物的方法。故答案是In my opinion, stopping selling and purchasing the animal products is the best way to stop killing animals.
天津市河西区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末阶段性质量监测英语试题
【答案】
【小题46】Because many unexplored places in the Sahara Desert attracted her.
【小题47】 She felt dirty and uncomfortable.
【小题48】Because the weather conditions are harsh.
【小题49】Decides/Determines.
【小题50】MacDonald' spirit of bravely overcoming difficulties inspires me. I will face the difficulties in life and manage to overcome them.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师MacDonald克服各种挑战，实现了自己探索撤哈拉沙漠的梦想。
【小题46】考查细节理解。根据第一段中"There are still so many unexplored areas in the Sahara Desert. These relatively unexplored places are so rare these days and hold the very fundamentals of exploration， which attract me. So finally I made the journey. （撒哈拉沙漠还有很多未开发的地区。这些相对未被探索的地方如今是如此罕见，并且蕴含着探索的基本原理，这吸引了我。所以我终于踏上了旅程。）“可知，撒哈拉沙漠有很多未被探索的地方，这吸引着MacDonald，所以她要去微哈拉沙漠旅行，故答案为Because many unexplored areas in the Sahara Desert attracted her.
【小题47】考查细节理解。根据第一段中""The train was dirty and uncomfortable（火车既脏又不舒服）"可知，MacDonald感觉火车很脏而且还很不舒服，故答案为She felt dirty and uncomfortable.
【小题48】考查细节理解。根据第二段中""I thought my skin was going to be tom off because of the rain and blowing sand. It felt like sandpaper on my skin. I have never experienced winds that strong before. There was once a time when I wanted to give up. "（"我以为我的皮肤会因为下雨和吹沙子而被扯掉，感觉就像砂纸在我的皮肤上摩擦一样。我从来没有经历过这么大的风。曾经有一段时间，我想要放弃。”）“可知，恶劣的天气使作者曾经想放弃她的旅程，故答案为Because the weather conditions are harsh.
【小题49】考查词义猜测。根据划线单词上文“She dealt with the harsh（恶劣的）conditions by trying not to travel in the middle of the day and wore headscarves to protect herself from the sun and blowing sand. （为了应对恶劣的环境，她尽量不在中午出门，并戴上头巾以防大阳和风沙侵袭。丫"可知，恶劣的天气环境决定了她们的出行时间，结合画线单词上下文""The weather definitely dictates when and where you travel，"said MacDonald（MacDonald说："天气肯定会……你旅行的时间和地点。”）“可知，划线单词“dictates”意思为“决定”，故答案为Decide/Determine.
【小题50】开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Even with all the challenges， the photographer managed to record amazing images of the beautiful but harsh landscapes of Mauritania， and its fascinating cultures and communities. （尽管面临种种挑战，摄影师还设法拍下了毛里塔尼亚美丽而严酷的风景，以及迷人的文化和社区。I"可知，文章主要讲论了摄影师MacDonald克服各种挑战，实现了自己探索撒哈拉沙漠的梦想，她这种不畏艰难，勇往直前的精神鼓舞着我们在学习和生活上也要勇敢面对困难，想办法去解决，最终实现自己的梦想。故答案为：MacDonald' spirit of bravely overcoming difficulties inspires me. I will face the difficulties in life and manage to overcome them.
