【备战2023高考英语】全国甲卷真题变式：03 阅读·人物故事类

【备战2023高考英语】全国甲卷真题变式：03 阅读·人物故事类
一、真题
（2022·全国甲卷）阅读理解
As Ginni Bazlinton
reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo
penguins（企鹅）longing to say hello.
These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a
trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her
childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to
explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the
nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree
at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world,
eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in
Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to
Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the
South American mainland. "I just decided wanted to go," she says.
"I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just
wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that
way."
In March 2008, Ginni
boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey
towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the
whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other
place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback
whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I
thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making
underwater."
The realization that
this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest
things that hit home to Ginni.
1．Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
2．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins. B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare. D．A friend's invitation.
3．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her. B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved. D．It needs to be fully introduced.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream. B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world. D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
二、变式题
（2023高三上·高县期末）阅读理解
Chuvina was 56 when she discovered knife throwing in 2007. She'd done a
simple job in the coat check section of the local factory. One day, two young
men discussed the possibility of opening a knife throwing club there. It was
the first time that Chuvina had heard of knife throwing, so she desired to have
a try and signed up for training. Just a month and a half later, she learned
that her hometown would host a knife throwing competition. She signed up and shocked
the audience by winning first place.
Her victory inspired many people, but there were also those who simply
called it beginner's luck. Chuvina silenced the latter at the 2007 National
Knife Throwing Championship in Moscow, where she beat the best knife throwers
in the country. Her first prize had been a new heater, but for her win at the
nationals, she received a mobile phone and an air mattress. These motivated her
to participate in more competitions.
In 2008, Chuvina competed in the World Knife Throwing Championship,
against 36 of the world's best knife throwers. She was the oldest player, but
she won once again, becoming number one knife thrower all over the world.
Throughout her amazing career, Chuvina won 5 national championships, as
well as 50 medals and titles. She was considered as a national treasure,
getting much attention from the press, giving interviews and making appearances
on television shows.
5．What can be inferred about Chuvina in paragraph 1
A．She hated the present job. B．She had strong curiosity.
C．She wanted to get first prize. D．She always loved knife throwing.
6．What made Chuvina attend more competitions according to paragraph 2
A．The material rewards offered to winners.
B．The desire to learn from other throwers.
C．The hope to get support from the government.
D．The possibility to become famous.
7．How many competitors competed in 2008 World Knife Throwing Championship
A．35 B．36 C．37 D．50
8．What does the author want to tell us
A．It's never too old to learn.
B．There is plenty of fish in the sea.
C．A young idler will be an old beggar.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
（2023高三上·青铜峡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Student from Taiwan played a key role in safeguarding his
community in Beijing during pandemic outbreak and is working to establish
closer ties between young people across the Straits.
Chen Wencheng from Taiwan, a postdoctoral student at
Peking University, had been doing volunteer work in his neighborhood since
Spring Festival. This was the first Lunar New Year holiday he didn't celebrate
in his hometown of Zhanghua, Taiwan, during his nine-year stay in Beijing.
Chen, 31, from the university's department of philosophy
and religious studies, chose to stay in Beijing's Haidian District with his
pregnant wife, who gave birth to their daughter last month. After the COVID- 19
outbreak hit Beijing in late January, he soon applied to be a community
volunteer to help with pandemic prevention and control.
He started work on the day he signed as a volunteer on
Feb4, with his duties including such tasks as checking passes and the
temperature of people entering the community or delivering food and other
necessities to his neighbors in self-quarantine.
The buildings in the community have five floors with no
elevators. Chen sometimes had dozens of deliveries each day, including big rice
bags and barrels of cooking oil, among other daily supplies.
"Those were heavy, and that's why the
community needed us younger people to help, "Chen says.
"The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it
matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our
community, "Chen says. "The work also allowed me to get to know more
of my neighbors, which makes the whole community feel like a big family. "
9．What made Chen Wencheng play a key role in safeguarding his community
A．His rich knowledge. B．His wife's request.
C．His selfless devotion. D．His classmates' invitation.
10．What does the underlined word "Those" in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．The deliveries B．The big rice bags.
C．The barrels of cooking oil. D．The daily supplies.
11．Which of the following best describes Chen's work during pandemic outbreak
A．The volunteer job. B．The brave helper.
C．The teacher. D．His septuagenarian.
12．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To praise students from Taiwan.
B．To carry forward the national spirit.
C．To introduce a true volunteering spirit.
D．To help with pandemic prevention and control.
（2023高三上·福建期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Growing up in rural Jiangsu
Province, Yu Jigao showed a strong interest in fine arts at an early age and
studied on his own for years. His hard work paid off later. In the early 1950s,
he made his way to Nanjing Normal University, where he learned painting
theories and techniques from some famous artists. It was then that Yu found his
lifelong artistic zeal for gongbi.
Gongbi paintings usually describe
birds and flowers, symbols of beauty and joy, in an artistic way with intense
color.
After graduation from the
art school in 1957, Yu began his professional career at the Chinese Painting
Institute of Jiangsu. He has since published a series of art collections. Since
1959, Yu has contributed a series of works to many important sites. Yu's works
have also been displayed in a range of national and international exhibitions.
From 1986 to 1997, he held his exhibitions in such places as Beijing, Guangzhou
and New York. Both the themes and artistic techniques have won widespread
praise in the past years.
While observing traditional
rules, he uses accurate lines, powerful brush movements as well as the
interplay between dark and light to represent the harmony of nature. Though he
adopts a realistic style, he tries to enrich his works with spiritual beauty
through his brush. Yu says, "That feeling turns into the images of singing
birds and elegant flowers in my paintings." Thanks to his careful
observation of nature and artistic sensitivity, Yu is able to combine realistic
description with artistic expression in his brushwork.
Now as deputy director of
the Academy of Chinese Gongbi Painting of Flowers and Birds and a national
top-level artist, Yu maintains a simple and easy-going style. In addition to
artistic creation, Yu has devoted himself to promoting his painting style as
the cultural heritage of China. "Art is part of my life," Yu says. "I
am proud to be a flower-bird painter. I hope to create a bright future for it
through my efforts."
13．What does the underlined word "zeal" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Request. B．Passion. C．Justice. D．Fund.
14．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Yu
A．His school life.
B．His painting techniques.
C．His achievements in painting.
D．His contributions to the art school.
15．Which is Yu's painting feature
A．Adopting abstract objects.
B．Excluding plants and animals.
C．Combining traditional rules with a realistic style.
D．Representing the imbalance between nature and humans.
16．What does Yu expect of his painting style
A．It will be passed on.
B．It will change over time.
C．It will look more complicated.
D．It will reach the top international level.
（2023高三上·山西期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
If you tried to give rock 'n' roll another name, you might have called it Chuck Berry.
Chuck Berry was 29 years old in 1955. He'd been playing mostly blues and R&. B standards in a St. Louis club for several years. But he had started writing his own songs, combining elements of white country music. On a Friday night in May, 1955, he drove up to Chicago to catch a show by the blues great Muddy Waters. After the performance, he casually asked him," How do you get in touch with a record company "
"Why don't you go and see Leonard Chess on 47th "Muddy Waters replied.
So early Monday morning, Berry went to Chess Records and positioned himself in a store across the street. When Leonard Chess arrived, Berry ran over and made a pitch. Chess was impressed by the young man's self-confidence and told him to comeback with a tape of his own material.
Berry returned the following week, bringing with him the other members of the club and four new songs. "And we set the band up, and we played all four of them, " Berry said. "We don't know what they were saying, but they listened."
Berry thought they were listening to "Wee Wee Hours", a blues song. After all, Chess Records was known around Chicago as a blues label（商标）. But Leonard Chess was fascinated by "Ida Mae" that Berry had adapted from a traditional country tune called" Ida Red".
Chess was sure the new song could be a hit，but he didn't like the name. It was too rural（土气的）. But nobody could think of a name. They looked around and saw a shoe box with Maybellene printed on it. Leonard Chess said," Why don't we name it' Maybellene' "
"Maybellene" quickly rose to No. 1 on the R&. B chart. Two weeks later, it hit No. 5 on the all-important pop chart.
In the years following" Maybellene", Chuck Berry produced an astonishing string of hits, such as "Roll Over Beethoven"" School Days" and" Sweet Little Sixteen".
In 1972, Chuck Berry finally scored a number-one hit on the pop chart with an even more rural name:" My Ding-A-Ling".
17．Why did Chuck Berry go to Chicago on the Friday night in May, 1955
A．To sell his first record. B．To find a record company.
C．To watch a performance. D．To interview Muddy Waters.
18．What does the underlined word" pitch"in paragraph 4 mean
A．Performance. B．Argument.
C．Invitation. D．Self-introduction.
19．How did Leonard Chess get the name" Maybellene" for the song
A．He was inspired by the sweet music.
B．He accidentally saw a shoe label.
C．It was recommended by an ad agency.
D．It was the result of thorough research.
20．What can be inferred from the text
A．The name of a song is not so important.
B．"Wee Wee Hours" is a typical rock song.
C．"Ida Mae" is much better than" Ida Red".
D．"My Ding-A-Ling" is not good enough.
（2023高三上·广州期末）阅读理解
Facebook chief operating officer Sheryl
Sandberg and Anna Maria Chavez, chief of American Girl
Scouts, are leading a campaign
to discourage the use of the word "bossy". Does the term destroy
the confidence of young girls
The campaign claims
that terms like "bossy" are improperly applied to females, preventing schoolgirls
from seeing themselves as future "leaders". From its first application, the word has been definitely
connected more with women than with men. It first appeared in
1882, according to the Oxford
English Dictionary, mentioning "a
lady manager who was extremely bossy". As late as 2008, the word appeared in
reference to females four times more often than males, claim the Ban Bossy
campaigners. "To me, the reference is always
in association with women," says Helen Trim, director of Fresh Minds. "I have three
brothers and my family still call me 'bossy' today." Her father is
the only other family member who could be considered in that way, says Trim, but nobody would ever
call him so.
Some educators recommend
that the word should be reclaimed, rather than banned. "But the thing
with 'bossy' is that there's
an infantile (幼稚的) element to it", says Sara Mills, professor at Sheffield
University. "You think of
'bossy' as being like
a little kid who's claiming more than he has the right to claim."
It's not just "bossy"
under fire. "Pushy" is
another target. The implication is
that women shouldn't present themselves as powerful and confident, Mills suggests, which some women are
willing to listen to and accept. Trim points out that
many modern female business role models are able to be bosses without being labeled
"bossy". And she rarely, if ever, hears the word used
within her company. But she says that the
damage may be done much earlier in a woman's life. "It does come
about from those early teenage years." she says. "I think it's
impossible to ban a word, but if people are replacing
it with words like 'confidence' or 'assertiveness', we would all be in
a much better place."
21．More evidence is provided to show "bossy" is more applied to females by ______.
A．the Oxford English Dictionary B．the Ban Bossy campaigners
C．Helen Trim at Fresh Minds D．some experts in education
22．Trim's family still consider her bossy because ______.
A．she is expected to lead in her family
B．she is the boss of her company
C．she is a powerful and confident female
D．her father considers her that way
23．The underlined part "under fire" most probably means ______.
A．definitely replaced B．strongly criticized
C．improperly applied D．eagerly expected
24．How does the author sound when referring to the campaign against "bossy"
A．Objective. B．Angry. C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic.
（2023高三上·广州期末）阅读理解
Have you ever heard about Alice Moore She is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set
up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth
millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids'
teeth, instead of destroying
them.
It all began when Moore
visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy
bar. However, her dad reminded her
that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on
candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make
a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it " With that in
mind, Moore asked her dad
if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research
and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next
two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both
tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth
cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making
a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral
bacteria.
Moore then used her
savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father
their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed
to sell Moore's product - CanCandy.
As CanCandy's success
grows, so does Moore's credibility
as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive
about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth
and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents, help, Moore is generally
able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in
life, she wasn't driven primarily
by profit Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.
She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the
sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
25．How did Moore respond to her dad's warning
A．She tried to find a way out. B．She argued with him.
C．She paid no attention. D．She chose to consult dentists.
26．What is special about CanCandy
A．It is sweeter than other candies.
B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is beneficial to dental health.
D．It is produced to a dentists, recipe.
27．What does the underlined word "secure" mean
A．hear about. B．make sure. C．take away. D．set off
28．What can we learn from Alice Moore's story
A．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
B．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
C．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
D．Positive thinking and action result in success.
（2023高三上·绵阳期末）阅读理解
After 195 countries in two years, one traveler has
become the first black woman to visit every country in the world. Jessica
Nabongo ended her journey in the Seychelles, off the coast of
East Africa—just as she said
she would be on "Good Morning, America" back
in March. Friends and family joined her in the Seychelles to celebrate the
incredible achievement.
Nabongo was born
and raised in Detroit by Ugandan-immigrant parents. She has been traveling
internationally since she was four. In addition to her U. S. passport, Nabongo carries a
Ugandan passport, which helped her
gain access to different nations around the world.
The idea to visit
every country on earth came to her in February 2017. At that point, she had visited
about 60 countries. But Nahango didn't tell anyone her plan, at least not at
first. Nabango did some research and discovered that she could become the first
black woman to visit every country. "I didn't want anyone to beat me to it," she said.
Nabongo had been
writing a travel blog since 2009, before social
media was so , as a way to keep
family and friends updated. Today, she documents much
of her travel on Instagram, where she has
almost 200, 000 followers who
have watched her journey around the world.
What makes it to
her Instagram is just a part of her life. There's a lot that goes on behind the
scenes. Seasoned traveler as she was, she got ripped off (被敲诈) during her
journey when exchanging her money for the local currency. More often than not, though, people tried to be
helpful, especially when
Nahongo would tell them what she was trying to accomplish.
Through her
travels, Nabongo broke down
barriers about many countries, particularly those
that people are afraid to visit, and highlighted (突出) the countries
that are often unseen and overlooked.
29．What can we learn about Jessica Nabongo
A．She was born in Uganda.
B．She started her journey from East Africa.
C．She used to be a broadcaster.
D．She made history in touring the world.
30．What benefited Jessica Nabongo a lot during her journey
A．Holding American citizenship.
B．Having many loyal followers.
C．Owning two different passports.
D．Getting support from the government.
31．What does the underlined word "prevalent" in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Commercial. B．Widespread. C．Promising. D．Addictive.
32．What does the author imply by giving examples in Paragraph 5
A．Learning a foreign language is a necessity.
B．The residents were unfriendly to tourists.
C．Photos on the social media are misleading.
D．The journey was a mixture of joy and bitterness.
（2023高三上·定远月考）阅读理解
Rollins College's graduate, Elizabeth Bonker
gave a powerful speech at the school's graduation ceremony using text-to-speech
technology. "You have a voice. Use it," she advised
graduates. It seems funny that a non-speaking autistic (孤独症患者)encourages you to
use your voice. However, her moving speech
touched not only her fellow classmates but also the worldwide audience with a
powerful message of hope.
Throughout her
academic career, Elizabeth has
studied hard to reach her goals at school and in life. She wrote a book, I Am in Here, which highlights
the abilities of people like her with non-speaking autism. She also founded a
non-profit organization called Communication4 All.
Elizabeth has a
form of autism that resulted in her losing the ability to speak when she was 15
months old. After she lost her speech her family helped her learn to
communicate by typing. She has become a supporter of assistive communication
and typing instruction for those with non-speaking autism.
"I have typed
this speech with one finger with a communication partner holding a keyboard, "shared
Elizabeth. She gave her persuasive speech through text-to-speech technology.
Elizabeth majored
in social service with the purpose of helping the 31 million people in the
world who have non-speaking autism. She strongly believes that service to
others gives meaning to each individual and to those they serve.
Throughout her
life, Elizabeth has
sought a platform where others would hear and accept her. She ignored negative
comments and the low expectations others had for her life. Instead, she walked down
her own path and set out to realize her dreams using intellect, talent and
determination. She encouraged her fellow classmates to use their education and
the power of their own minds to help make their dream a reality.
33．What effect does Elizabeth's speech have on the audience
A．It brings them hope.
B．It inspires them to use technology.
C．It informs them of more about autism.
D．It encourages them to make speeches.
34．What did Elizabeth's family do after she was unable to speak
A．They tried their best to teach her how to speak.
B．They started a non-profit organization for her.
C．They helped her find another way of communication.
D．They created the text-to-speech technology to help her.
35．Why did Elizabeth choose social service as her major
A．To develop her potential and strengths.
B．To get better employment opportunities.
C．To make her childhood dream come true.
D．To help more people like her in the world.
36．Which words can be used to describe Elizabeth
A．Positive and creative. B．Strong-minded and helpful.
C．Energetic and humorous. D．Kind-hearted and imaginative.
（2022高三上·葫芦岛月考）
阅读理解
Douglas Smith, n
gardener from Hertfordshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness World Record
for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem (茎),
1,269.
Up until last summer,
the record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem had stood unchallenged
for over a decade. Then English farmer Douglas Smith set his sight on breaking
it, thinking that he could grow more than 488 fruits on s single stem. He
proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839
tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was
only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own
record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem.
Is Douglas Smith a
gardening addict He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending
his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener
the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record.
he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a
laboratory. And in the end, they all paid off.
"I am over the
moon," Douglas said. "This year was only meant to be an experimental
year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight
with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a
number of other tomato plants. I'm amazed by how many tomatoes were on the
plant in the end."
Growing 1,269 tomatoes
on a single stem is only Douglas Smith's latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a
20-foot-tall sunflower, and also set a new national record for the heaviest
tomato, with a 3.106 kg tomato. He likes to run little experiments on other
vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and
potatoes.
37．What can we know about Douglas Smith from paragraph 2
A．He broke the old record twice
B．He had planted the best tomatoes.
C．He thought breaking the record was easy.
D．He had worked to break the record for a decade.
38．Which of the following can describe Douglas Smith best
A．Strict and tolerant. B．Attractive and brave
C．Patient and hard-working. D．Friendly and humorous.
39．What may be a challenge for Douglas Smith to break the old record
A．A lack of money. B．Skill shortages.
C．Building a laboratory. D．Dealing with the blight.
40．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The record's significance.
B．Douglas Smith's next plan.
C．The details about the heaviest tomato.
D．More information about Douglas Smith's planting.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．C
4．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.”在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索；以及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest”当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活。可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。可推知，take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.”正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票。可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. ”意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
4．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. ”这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行；以及倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，可知本文介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。“一次难忘的经历”能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
【答案】5．B
6．A
7．C
8．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Galina Chuvina因一次偶然的机会加入飞刀投掷俱乐部，并成为世界飞刀冠军的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“One day, two young men discussed the possibility of opening a knife throwing club there. It was the first time that Chuvina had heard of knife throwing, so she desired to have a try and signed up for training. Just a month and a half later, she learned that her hometown would host a knife throwing competition. She signed up and shocked the audience by winning first place.”有一天，两名年轻人讨论了在那里开一个扔刀俱乐部的可能性。这是Galina Chuvina第一次听说扔刀的事，所以她想试一试，并报名参加训练。仅仅一个半月后，她就得知她的家乡将举办一场扔刀比赛。她报名了，赢得第一名震惊了观众。可推断，Galina Chuvina有很强的好奇心。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Her first prize had been a new heater, but for her win at the nationals, she received a mobile phone and an air mattress. These motivated her to participate in more competitions.” 她的第一个奖项是一个新加热器，她在全国比赛中获胜，收到了手机和气垫。这促使她参加更多的比赛。可知，提供给获胜者的物质奖励让Chuvina参加了更多的比赛。故选A。
7．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“In 2008, Chuvina competed in the World Knife Throwing Championship, against 36 of the world's best knife throwers.” 2008年，Chuvina参加了世界飞刀投掷锦标赛，对手是36位世界上最好的投掷刀选手。可知，2008年世界扔刀锦标赛有37名选手参加。故选C。
8．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Chuvina was 56 when she discovered knife throwing in 2007.” 2007年，Chuvina发现扔刀时已有56岁；以及最后一段“Throughout her amazing career, Chuvina won 5 national championships, as well as 50 medals and titles. She was considered as a national treasure, getting much attention from the press, giving interviews and making appearances on television shows.”在她惊人的职业生涯中，Chuvina赢得了5次全国冠军，以及50枚奖牌和冠军。她被认为是国宝，得到了媒体的广泛关注，接受采访并在电视节目中露面。可知，文章讲述了Galina Chuvina尽管年时已高，仍旧努力学习新东西，并取得了很大的成就的故事，因此推断作者想要告诉我们“活到老，学到老”的道理。故选A。
【答案】9．C
10．A
11．A
12．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了来自台湾的学生Chen Wencheng在疫情期间做志愿者，为保护他在北京的社区发挥了关键作用。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
9．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Chen Wencheng from Taiwan, a postdoctoral student at Peking University, had been doing volunteer work in his neighborhood since Spring Festival.” 来自台湾的Chen Wencheng是北京大学的一名博士后，他从春节开始就在小区里做志愿者工作；以及最后一段中的“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community.”这项志愿工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它加强了我们社区2000多名居民的安全。可知，是做志愿者这种无私的奉献让Chen Wencheng在保护他的社区方面发挥了关键作用。故选C。
10．考查代词指代。根据第五段“The buildings in the community have five floors with no elevators. Chen sometimes had dozens of deliveries each day, including big rice bags and barrels of cooking oil, among other daily supplies. ”这个社区的建筑有五层，没有电梯。Chen有时每天要送几十件东西，包括大饭袋和桶装食用油，以及其他日常用品。说明Chen每天需要爬楼梯运送几十件沉重的东西，从而推知第六段中的“Those were heavy, and that's why the community needed us younger people to help. ”Those很沉重，这就是为什么社区需要我们这些年轻人的帮助。其中Those指代“那些递送的东西”。故选A。
11．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“After the COVID- 19 outbreak hit Beijing in late January, he soon applied to be a community volunteer to help with pandemic prevention and control. ”今年1月底，新冠肺炎疫情在北京爆发后，他很快就申请成为一名社区志愿者，帮助防控疫情；以及最后一段中的“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community.”志愿者工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它能提高我们社区2000多名居民的安全。可知，志愿者工作最能描述Chen Wencheng在疫情期间的工作。故选A。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community.”这项志愿工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它加强了我们社区2000多名居民的安全；以及“The work also allowed me to get to know more of my neighbors, which makes the whole community feel like a big family.”这份工作也让我结识了更多的邻居，这让整个社区感觉像一个大家庭。”可知，本文目的是为了介绍真正的志愿服务精神。故选C。
【答案】13．B
14．C
15．C
16．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了国画大师喻继高。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
13．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"In the early 1950s, he made his way to Nanjing Normal University, where he learned painting theories and techniques from some famous artists. It was then that Yu found.”20世纪50年代初，他来到南京师范大学，在那里他从一些著名艺术家那里学习绘画理论和技巧。就在那时；以及强调句型可知，此处是指就在学习绘画理论和技巧时，喻继高发现了他对工笔画一生的艺术热情。可推测zeal意为“热情”，故选B。
14．考查段落大意。根据第二段"After graduation from the art school in 1957, Yu began his professional career at the Chinese Painting Institute of Jiangsu. He has since published a series of art collections. Since 1959, Yu has contributed a series of works to many important sites. Yu's works have also been displayed in a range of national and international exhibitions. From 1986 to 1997, he held his exhibitions in such places as Beijing, Guangzhou and New York. Both the themes and artistic techniques have won widespread praise in the past years.”1957年从艺术学校毕业后，喻在江苏中国画学院开始了他的职业生涯。此后，他出版了一系列艺术作品集。自1959年以来，喻为许多重要遗址贡献了一系列作品。喻的作品也在一系列国家和国际展览中展出。从1986年到1997年，他在北京、广州和纽约等地举办了展览。在过去的几年里，无论是主题还是艺术技巧都赢得了广泛的赞誉。可知，本段主要讲述了喻在绘画方面的艺术成就。故选C。
15．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"While observing traditional rules, he uses accurate lines, powerful brush movements as well as the interplay between dark and light to represent the harmony of nature. Though he adopts a realistic style, he tries to enrich his works with spiritual beauty through his brush.”在遵守传统规则的同时，他使用精确的线条、有力的笔刷动作以及黑暗和光明之间的相互作用来代表自然的和谐。虽然他采用了现实主义的风格，但他试图通过笔触来丰富自己的作品，使之具有精神美。可知，喻的绘画风格结合了传统的规则和现实主义风格。故选C。
16．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In addition to artistic creation, Yu has devoted himself to promoting his painting style as the cultural heritage of China.‘Art is part of my life，’ Yu says. ‘I am proud to be a flower-bird painter. I hope to create a bright future for it through my efforts.’”除了艺术创作之外，喻还致力于将他的绘画风格作为中国的文化遗产加以推广。喻说：“艺术是我生活的一部分。”。“作为一名花鸟画家，我感到很自豪。我希望通过我的努力，为它创造一个美好的未来。”可推知，喻希望他的绘画风格被传承下去。故选A。
【答案】17．C
18．D
19．B
20．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Chuck Berry怎样走上摇滚音乐创作的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“On a Friday night in May, 1955, he drove up to Chicago to catch a show by the blues great Muddy Waters.”1955年5月的一个星期五晚上，他开车去芝加哥观看Muddy Waters乐队的演出。可知，他去观看一个演出。故选C。
18．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Chess was impressed by the young man's self-confidence and told him to come back with a tape of his own material, Berry returned the following week, bringing with him the other members of the club and four new songs.”这位年轻人的自信给Chess留下了深刻的印象，并告诉他带着自己的材料回来。Berry第二周回来了，带来了俱乐部的其他成员和四首新歌。可知，前面应该Berry给Chess做了一个“自我介绍”。故选D。
19．考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“They looked around and saw a shoe box with ‘Maybellene’ printed on it. Leonard Chess said, ‘Why don't we name it ‘Maybellene’ ”他们环顾四周，看到一个印有“Maybellene”字样的鞋盒。Leonard Chess说：“为什么我们不把它命名为‘Maybellene’？”可知，Leonard Chess通过一个鞋的品牌名字给他歌命名的。故选B。
20．考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段“Chess was sure the new song could be a hit，but he didn't like the name. It was too rural（土气的）. But nobody could think of a name. They looked around and saw a shoe box with Maybellene printed on it. Leonard Chess said,‘Why don't we name it' Maybellene' ’“Chess确信这首新歌会很受欢迎，但他不喜欢这个名字。太土了。但是没有人能想到一个名字。他们环顾四周，看到一个印有“Maybellene”字样的鞋盒。Leonard Chess说：“为什么我们不把它命名为‘Maybellene’？”；以及最后一段“In 1972, Chuck Berry finally scored a number-one hit on the pop chart with an even more rural name: ‘My Ding-A-Ling’.“1972年，查克·贝里（ChuckBerry）终于凭借一个更具乡村气息的名字“我的丁阿玲”（MyDing-a-Ling）在流行音乐排行榜上获得了第一名。可知，Leonard Chess他们给歌取名字还是比较随意的，Maybellene这首歌最后还是很红，MyDing-a-Ling是很有乡村气息的名字但也是很出名，所以歌的名字不是很重要，最主要是内容。故选A。
【答案】21．B
22．C
23．B
24．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Facebook的首席运营官谢丽尔 桑德伯格和美国女童子军首席执行长安娜 玛利亚 查韦斯二人最新发起的Ban Bossy运动不鼓励使用"专横"这个词描述女性，旨在鼓励培养女性的领导力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
21．考查细节理解．根据第二段中的“The campaign claims that terms like‘bossy’are improperly applied to females.”该运动声称，像“专横”这样的术语不恰当地适用于女性；以及“As late as 2008，the word appeared in reference to females four times more often than males，claim the Ban Bossy campaigners”Ban Bossy活动人士称，早在2008年，这个词出现在女性身上的频率是男性的四倍。可知．这场运动倡导者说明"Bossy"这个词更多的是描述女性，故选B。
22．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The implication is that women shouldn't present themselves as powerful and confident.”言下之意是，女性不应该表现出强大和自信。可推测，Trim的家人认为她专横是因为她是一位有权力有自信的女性，故选C。
23．考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的"You think of ' bossy 'as being like a little kid who's claiming more than he has the right to claim."你认为“专横”就像是一个孩子，他声称自己拥有的权利远远超过了自己的权利；以及最后一段中的“It's not just‘bossy’under fire.‘Pushy’is another target ”"专横"不仅仅是遭到强烈批评的目标，“强人所难的""也是另一个遭到强力批评的目标。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，under fire的意思为强烈批评。故选B。
24．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文作者只是陈述事实，并引用一些人的观点和看法，没有表明作者态度的句子，因此可见作者对于这场运动是客观的，故选A。
【答案】25．A
26．C
27．B
28．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Alice Moore 创业成功的故事，告诉我们积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
25．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"So she desired to get round the warning，‘Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it ’" 所以她想绕过这个警示，"为什么我不能做一种健康的糖果，对我的牙齿有好处，这样我的父母就不会拒绝它了 "可知，她试图生产一种对牙齿有好处的健康糖果，找出问题的解决办法。故选A。
26．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Consequently，she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners，which can reduce oral bacteria. ”因此，她成功地制作了一种只使用天然甜味剂的糖果，这种糖果可以减少口腔细菌。可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，可推知，它有益于牙齿的健康。故选C。
27．考查词义猜测。根据第四段" Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards，she and her father their first business meeting with a supermarket owner，who finally agreed to sell Moore's product - CanCandy.”然后Moore 用她的积蓄开始了她的生意。之后，她和她的父亲与一家超市的老板进行了第一次商务会谈，这家超市的老板最终同意出售Moore 的产品——CanCandy。"可知划线词 secure 意思是"取得，实现"， make sure “确保，实现”，故选B。
28．考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文讲述了Moore的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题，并最终取得了成功。因此，Moore的故事告诉我们: 积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选D。
【答案】29．D
30．C
31．B
32．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了世界上第一位访问每个国家的黑人女性Jessica Nabongo的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
29．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“After 195 countries in two years，one traveler has become the first black woman to visit every country in the world. Jessica Nabongo ended her journey in the Seychelles，off the coast of East Africa. ”在两年内访问了195个国家之后，一位旅行者成为了世界上第一位访问每个国家的黑人女性。Jessica Nabongo 在东非海岸的塞舌尔结束了她的旅程。可知Jessica Nabongo成为了世界上第一位访问每个国家的黑人女性，即她在环游世界中创造了历史。故选D。
30．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Nabongo was born and raised in Detroit by Ugandan-immigrant parents. She has been traveling internationally since she was four. In addition to her U. S. passport，Nabongo carries a Ugandan passport，which helped her gain access to different nations around the world. ”Nabongo在底特律出生长大，父母是乌干达移民。她从四岁起就开始国际旅行。除了美国护照之外，Nabongo还携带了一本乌干达护照，这有助于她进入世界各地的不同国家。可知拥有美国护照和乌干达护照，有助于她进入世界各地的不同国家。故选C。
31．考查词义猜测。根据第四段“Nabongo had been writing a travel blog since 2009，before social media was so，as a way to keep family and friends updated. Today，she documents much of her travel on Instagram，where she has almost 200，000 followers who have watched her journey around the world. ”Nabongo从2009年开始写旅行博客，那时社交媒体还没有如此______，他是为了让家人和朋友了解最新情况。如今，她在Instagram上记录了她的大部分旅行，在那里她有近20万粉丝，他们观看了她在世界各地的旅行。因而划线词 prevalent 此处指"流行的"，故选B。
32．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“There's a lot that goes on behind the scenes. Seasoned traveler as she was，she got ripped off（被敲诈） during her journey when exchanging her money for the local currency. More often than not，though，people tried to be helpful，especially when Nahongo would tell them what she was trying to accomplish. ”这些经历的背后有很多故事。尽管她是一个经验丰富的旅行者，但她在旅途中把钱兑换成当地货币时被骗了。然而，大多数情况下，人们试图提供帮助，尤其是当 Nahongo 告诉他们她正在努力实现的目标时。可知Nahongo的旅途是苦乐参半的。故选D。
【答案】33．A
34．C
35．D
36．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个孤独症患者Elizabeth用自己的演讲打动了全世界的观众，她选择主修社会服务专业以帮助世界上更多的跟她一样的孤独症患者。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
33．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However, her moving speech touched not only her fellow classmates but also the worldwide audience with a powerful message of hope.”然而，她动人的演讲不仅打动了她的同学，也用强有力的希望的信息打动了全世界的观众。可知她的演讲用强有力的希望的信息打动了全世界的观众，即她的演讲带给了观众希望，故选A。
34．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Elizabeth has a form of autism that resulted in her losing the ability to speak when she was 15 months old. After she lost her speech her family helped her learn to communicate by typing. ”Elizabeth患有一种孤独症，导致她在15个月大的时候丧失了说话的能力。她失去语言能力后，家人帮助她通过打字来学习交流。可知在她失去说话能力后，她的家人帮助她通过打字来学习交流，即帮她找到了另一种沟通方式，故选C。
35．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Elizabeth majored in social service with the purpose of helping the 31 million people in the world who have non-speaking autism.”Elizabeth主修社会服务专业，目的是帮助世界上3100万孤独症患者。可知Elizabeth主修社会服务专业是想帮助世界上更多的跟她一样的孤独症患者，故选D。
36．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Instead, she walked down her own path and set out to realize her dreams using intellect, talent and determination. She encouraged her fellow classmates to use their education and the power of their own minds to help make their dream a reality. ”相反，她走了自己的路，开始用智慧、才华和决心来实现她的梦想。她鼓励她的同学们利用他们的教育和自己的思想力量来帮助他们实现梦想。可知她用智慧、才华和决心来实现她的梦想，而她是一个失去语言能力的孤独症患者，故推知她的意志是非常坚强的；她鼓励别人用自己的教育和思想力量来实现梦想，推知她是一个乐于助人的人，故选B。
【答案】37．A
38．C
39．D
40．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了打破吉尼斯世界纪录的Douglas Smith种植番茄和其他植物的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
37．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It was quite an achievement, but he was only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem. He proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839 tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant.”去年他就证明了这一点，他在温室里种了839个西红柿，打破了以前的纪录。这是一项相当大的成就，但他才刚刚开始，因为仅仅几周后，Douglas Smith就打破了自己的纪录，在一根茎上种出了超过1269个西红柿。可知，Douglas Smith两次打破原先的世界记录。故选A。
38．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record, he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a laboratory.”他每天在后花园里花四个小时打理植物，并一直在努力成为世界上有史以来最好的园丁。最大限度地提高他创造新世界纪录的机会，他阅读了各种科学论文，甚至取了土壤样本在实验室进行测试。可知，愿意花数个小时打理植物，并努力阅读相关论文的Douglas Smith是一个很有耐心很勤奋的人。故选C。
39．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“This year was only meant to be an experimental year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a number of other tomato plants.”今年只是一个试验性的一年，看看哪些品种会结出最多的果实，我们必须与早期疫病作斗争，这毁掉了许多其他番茄苗。可知，导致很多番茄苗被毁掉的疫病是他面临的挑战。故选D。
40．考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“He likes to run little experiments on other vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and potatoes.”他喜欢在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小实验，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做实验。可知这一段谈及番茄之外其他的一些植物种植情况。故选D。
【备战2023高考英语】全国甲卷真题变式：03 阅读·人物故事类
一、真题
（2022·全国甲卷）阅读理解
As Ginni Bazlinton
reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo
penguins（企鹅）longing to say hello.
These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a
trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her
childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to
explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the
nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree
at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world,
eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in
Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to
Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the
South American mainland. "I just decided wanted to go," she says.
"I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just
wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that
way."
In March 2008, Ginni
boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey
towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the
whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other
place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback
whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I
thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making
underwater."
The realization that
this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest
things that hit home to Ginni.
1．Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
2．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins. B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare. D．A friend's invitation.
3．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her. B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved. D．It needs to be fully introduced.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream. B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world. D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．C
4．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.”在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索；以及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest”当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活。可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。可推知，take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.”正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票。可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. ”意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
4．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. ”这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行；以及倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，可知本文介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。“一次难忘的经历”能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
二、变式题
（2023高三上·高县期末）阅读理解
Chuvina was 56 when she discovered knife throwing in 2007. She'd done a
simple job in the coat check section of the local factory. One day, two young
men discussed the possibility of opening a knife throwing club there. It was
the first time that Chuvina had heard of knife throwing, so she desired to have
a try and signed up for training. Just a month and a half later, she learned
that her hometown would host a knife throwing competition. She signed up and shocked
the audience by winning first place.
Her victory inspired many people, but there were also those who simply
called it beginner's luck. Chuvina silenced the latter at the 2007 National
Knife Throwing Championship in Moscow, where she beat the best knife throwers
in the country. Her first prize had been a new heater, but for her win at the
nationals, she received a mobile phone and an air mattress. These motivated her
to participate in more competitions.
In 2008, Chuvina competed in the World Knife Throwing Championship,
against 36 of the world's best knife throwers. She was the oldest player, but
she won once again, becoming number one knife thrower all over the world.
Throughout her amazing career, Chuvina won 5 national championships, as
well as 50 medals and titles. She was considered as a national treasure,
getting much attention from the press, giving interviews and making appearances
on television shows.
5．What can be inferred about Chuvina in paragraph 1
A．She hated the present job. B．She had strong curiosity.
C．She wanted to get first prize. D．She always loved knife throwing.
6．What made Chuvina attend more competitions according to paragraph 2
A．The material rewards offered to winners.
B．The desire to learn from other throwers.
C．The hope to get support from the government.
D．The possibility to become famous.
7．How many competitors competed in 2008 World Knife Throwing Championship
A．35 B．36 C．37 D．50
8．What does the author want to tell us
A．It's never too old to learn.
B．There is plenty of fish in the sea.
C．A young idler will be an old beggar.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
【答案】5．B
6．A
7．C
8．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Galina Chuvina因一次偶然的机会加入飞刀投掷俱乐部，并成为世界飞刀冠军的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“One day, two young men discussed the possibility of opening a knife throwing club there. It was the first time that Chuvina had heard of knife throwing, so she desired to have a try and signed up for training. Just a month and a half later, she learned that her hometown would host a knife throwing competition. She signed up and shocked the audience by winning first place.”有一天，两名年轻人讨论了在那里开一个扔刀俱乐部的可能性。这是Galina Chuvina第一次听说扔刀的事，所以她想试一试，并报名参加训练。仅仅一个半月后，她就得知她的家乡将举办一场扔刀比赛。她报名了，赢得第一名震惊了观众。可推断，Galina Chuvina有很强的好奇心。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Her first prize had been a new heater, but for her win at the nationals, she received a mobile phone and an air mattress. These motivated her to participate in more competitions.” 她的第一个奖项是一个新加热器，她在全国比赛中获胜，收到了手机和气垫。这促使她参加更多的比赛。可知，提供给获胜者的物质奖励让Chuvina参加了更多的比赛。故选A。
7．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“In 2008, Chuvina competed in the World Knife Throwing Championship, against 36 of the world's best knife throwers.” 2008年，Chuvina参加了世界飞刀投掷锦标赛，对手是36位世界上最好的投掷刀选手。可知，2008年世界扔刀锦标赛有37名选手参加。故选C。
8．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Chuvina was 56 when she discovered knife throwing in 2007.” 2007年，Chuvina发现扔刀时已有56岁；以及最后一段“Throughout her amazing career, Chuvina won 5 national championships, as well as 50 medals and titles. She was considered as a national treasure, getting much attention from the press, giving interviews and making appearances on television shows.”在她惊人的职业生涯中，Chuvina赢得了5次全国冠军，以及50枚奖牌和冠军。她被认为是国宝，得到了媒体的广泛关注，接受采访并在电视节目中露面。可知，文章讲述了Galina Chuvina尽管年时已高，仍旧努力学习新东西，并取得了很大的成就的故事，因此推断作者想要告诉我们“活到老，学到老”的道理。故选A。
（2023高三上·青铜峡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Student from Taiwan played a key role in safeguarding his
community in Beijing during pandemic outbreak and is working to establish
closer ties between young people across the Straits.
Chen Wencheng from Taiwan, a postdoctoral student at
Peking University, had been doing volunteer work in his neighborhood since
Spring Festival. This was the first Lunar New Year holiday he didn't celebrate
in his hometown of Zhanghua, Taiwan, during his nine-year stay in Beijing.
Chen, 31, from the university's department of philosophy
and religious studies, chose to stay in Beijing's Haidian District with his
pregnant wife, who gave birth to their daughter last month. After the COVID- 19
outbreak hit Beijing in late January, he soon applied to be a community
volunteer to help with pandemic prevention and control.
He started work on the day he signed as a volunteer on
Feb4, with his duties including such tasks as checking passes and the
temperature of people entering the community or delivering food and other
necessities to his neighbors in self-quarantine.
The buildings in the community have five floors with no
elevators. Chen sometimes had dozens of deliveries each day, including big rice
bags and barrels of cooking oil, among other daily supplies.
"Those were heavy, and that's why the
community needed us younger people to help, "Chen says.
"The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it
matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our
community, "Chen says. "The work also allowed me to get to know more
of my neighbors, which makes the whole community feel like a big family. "
9．What made Chen Wencheng play a key role in safeguarding his community
A．His rich knowledge. B．His wife's request.
C．His selfless devotion. D．His classmates' invitation.
10．What does the underlined word "Those" in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．The deliveries B．The big rice bags.
C．The barrels of cooking oil. D．The daily supplies.
11．Which of the following best describes Chen's work during pandemic outbreak
A．The volunteer job. B．The brave helper.
C．The teacher. D．His septuagenarian.
12．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To praise students from Taiwan.
B．To carry forward the national spirit.
C．To introduce a true volunteering spirit.
D．To help with pandemic prevention and control.
【答案】9．C
10．A
11．A
12．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了来自台湾的学生Chen Wencheng在疫情期间做志愿者，为保护他在北京的社区发挥了关键作用。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
9．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Chen Wencheng from Taiwan, a postdoctoral student at Peking University, had been doing volunteer work in his neighborhood since Spring Festival.” 来自台湾的Chen Wencheng是北京大学的一名博士后，他从春节开始就在小区里做志愿者工作；以及最后一段中的“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community.”这项志愿工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它加强了我们社区2000多名居民的安全。可知，是做志愿者这种无私的奉献让Chen Wencheng在保护他的社区方面发挥了关键作用。故选C。
10．考查代词指代。根据第五段“The buildings in the community have five floors with no elevators. Chen sometimes had dozens of deliveries each day, including big rice bags and barrels of cooking oil, among other daily supplies. ”这个社区的建筑有五层，没有电梯。Chen有时每天要送几十件东西，包括大饭袋和桶装食用油，以及其他日常用品。说明Chen每天需要爬楼梯运送几十件沉重的东西，从而推知第六段中的“Those were heavy, and that's why the community needed us younger people to help. ”Those很沉重，这就是为什么社区需要我们这些年轻人的帮助。其中Those指代“那些递送的东西”。故选A。
11．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“After the COVID- 19 outbreak hit Beijing in late January, he soon applied to be a community volunteer to help with pandemic prevention and control. ”今年1月底，新冠肺炎疫情在北京爆发后，他很快就申请成为一名社区志愿者，帮助防控疫情；以及最后一段中的“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community.”志愿者工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它能提高我们社区2000多名居民的安全。可知，志愿者工作最能描述Chen Wencheng在疫情期间的工作。故选A。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The volunteer job looks like petty work, but it matters as it enhances the safety of the more than 2, 000 residents in our community.”这项志愿工作看起来很琐碎，但它很重要，因为它加强了我们社区2000多名居民的安全；以及“The work also allowed me to get to know more of my neighbors, which makes the whole community feel like a big family.”这份工作也让我结识了更多的邻居，这让整个社区感觉像一个大家庭。”可知，本文目的是为了介绍真正的志愿服务精神。故选C。
（2023高三上·福建期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Growing up in rural Jiangsu
Province, Yu Jigao showed a strong interest in fine arts at an early age and
studied on his own for years. His hard work paid off later. In the early 1950s,
he made his way to Nanjing Normal University, where he learned painting
theories and techniques from some famous artists. It was then that Yu found his
lifelong artistic zeal for gongbi.
Gongbi paintings usually describe
birds and flowers, symbols of beauty and joy, in an artistic way with intense
color.
After graduation from the
art school in 1957, Yu began his professional career at the Chinese Painting
Institute of Jiangsu. He has since published a series of art collections. Since
1959, Yu has contributed a series of works to many important sites. Yu's works
have also been displayed in a range of national and international exhibitions.
From 1986 to 1997, he held his exhibitions in such places as Beijing, Guangzhou
and New York. Both the themes and artistic techniques have won widespread
praise in the past years.
While observing traditional
rules, he uses accurate lines, powerful brush movements as well as the
interplay between dark and light to represent the harmony of nature. Though he
adopts a realistic style, he tries to enrich his works with spiritual beauty
through his brush. Yu says, "That feeling turns into the images of singing
birds and elegant flowers in my paintings." Thanks to his careful
observation of nature and artistic sensitivity, Yu is able to combine realistic
description with artistic expression in his brushwork.
Now as deputy director of
the Academy of Chinese Gongbi Painting of Flowers and Birds and a national
top-level artist, Yu maintains a simple and easy-going style. In addition to
artistic creation, Yu has devoted himself to promoting his painting style as
the cultural heritage of China. "Art is part of my life," Yu says. "I
am proud to be a flower-bird painter. I hope to create a bright future for it
through my efforts."
13．What does the underlined word "zeal" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Request. B．Passion. C．Justice. D．Fund.
14．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Yu
A．His school life.
B．His painting techniques.
C．His achievements in painting.
D．His contributions to the art school.
15．Which is Yu's painting feature
A．Adopting abstract objects.
B．Excluding plants and animals.
C．Combining traditional rules with a realistic style.
D．Representing the imbalance between nature and humans.
16．What does Yu expect of his painting style
A．It will be passed on.
B．It will change over time.
C．It will look more complicated.
D．It will reach the top international level.
【答案】13．B
14．C
15．C
16．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了国画大师喻继高。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
13．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"In the early 1950s, he made his way to Nanjing Normal University, where he learned painting theories and techniques from some famous artists. It was then that Yu found.”20世纪50年代初，他来到南京师范大学，在那里他从一些著名艺术家那里学习绘画理论和技巧。就在那时；以及强调句型可知，此处是指就在学习绘画理论和技巧时，喻继高发现了他对工笔画一生的艺术热情。可推测zeal意为“热情”，故选B。
14．考查段落大意。根据第二段"After graduation from the art school in 1957, Yu began his professional career at the Chinese Painting Institute of Jiangsu. He has since published a series of art collections. Since 1959, Yu has contributed a series of works to many important sites. Yu's works have also been displayed in a range of national and international exhibitions. From 1986 to 1997, he held his exhibitions in such places as Beijing, Guangzhou and New York. Both the themes and artistic techniques have won widespread praise in the past years.”1957年从艺术学校毕业后，喻在江苏中国画学院开始了他的职业生涯。此后，他出版了一系列艺术作品集。自1959年以来，喻为许多重要遗址贡献了一系列作品。喻的作品也在一系列国家和国际展览中展出。从1986年到1997年，他在北京、广州和纽约等地举办了展览。在过去的几年里，无论是主题还是艺术技巧都赢得了广泛的赞誉。可知，本段主要讲述了喻在绘画方面的艺术成就。故选C。
15．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"While observing traditional rules, he uses accurate lines, powerful brush movements as well as the interplay between dark and light to represent the harmony of nature. Though he adopts a realistic style, he tries to enrich his works with spiritual beauty through his brush.”在遵守传统规则的同时，他使用精确的线条、有力的笔刷动作以及黑暗和光明之间的相互作用来代表自然的和谐。虽然他采用了现实主义的风格，但他试图通过笔触来丰富自己的作品，使之具有精神美。可知，喻的绘画风格结合了传统的规则和现实主义风格。故选C。
16．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In addition to artistic creation, Yu has devoted himself to promoting his painting style as the cultural heritage of China.‘Art is part of my life，’ Yu says. ‘I am proud to be a flower-bird painter. I hope to create a bright future for it through my efforts.’”除了艺术创作之外，喻还致力于将他的绘画风格作为中国的文化遗产加以推广。喻说：“艺术是我生活的一部分。”。“作为一名花鸟画家，我感到很自豪。我希望通过我的努力，为它创造一个美好的未来。”可推知，喻希望他的绘画风格被传承下去。故选A。
（2023高三上·山西期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
If you tried to give rock 'n' roll another name, you might have called it Chuck Berry.
Chuck Berry was 29 years old in 1955. He'd been playing mostly blues and R&. B standards in a St. Louis club for several years. But he had started writing his own songs, combining elements of white country music. On a Friday night in May, 1955, he drove up to Chicago to catch a show by the blues great Muddy Waters. After the performance, he casually asked him," How do you get in touch with a record company "
"Why don't you go and see Leonard Chess on 47th "Muddy Waters replied.
So early Monday morning, Berry went to Chess Records and positioned himself in a store across the street. When Leonard Chess arrived, Berry ran over and made a pitch. Chess was impressed by the young man's self-confidence and told him to comeback with a tape of his own material.
Berry returned the following week, bringing with him the other members of the club and four new songs. "And we set the band up, and we played all four of them, " Berry said. "We don't know what they were saying, but they listened."
Berry thought they were listening to "Wee Wee Hours", a blues song. After all, Chess Records was known around Chicago as a blues label（商标）. But Leonard Chess was fascinated by "Ida Mae" that Berry had adapted from a traditional country tune called" Ida Red".
Chess was sure the new song could be a hit，but he didn't like the name. It was too rural（土气的）. But nobody could think of a name. They looked around and saw a shoe box with Maybellene printed on it. Leonard Chess said," Why don't we name it' Maybellene' "
"Maybellene" quickly rose to No. 1 on the R&. B chart. Two weeks later, it hit No. 5 on the all-important pop chart.
In the years following" Maybellene", Chuck Berry produced an astonishing string of hits, such as "Roll Over Beethoven"" School Days" and" Sweet Little Sixteen".
In 1972, Chuck Berry finally scored a number-one hit on the pop chart with an even more rural name:" My Ding-A-Ling".
17．Why did Chuck Berry go to Chicago on the Friday night in May, 1955
A．To sell his first record. B．To find a record company.
C．To watch a performance. D．To interview Muddy Waters.
18．What does the underlined word" pitch"in paragraph 4 mean
A．Performance. B．Argument.
C．Invitation. D．Self-introduction.
19．How did Leonard Chess get the name" Maybellene" for the song
A．He was inspired by the sweet music.
B．He accidentally saw a shoe label.
C．It was recommended by an ad agency.
D．It was the result of thorough research.
20．What can be inferred from the text
A．The name of a song is not so important.
B．"Wee Wee Hours" is a typical rock song.
C．"Ida Mae" is much better than" Ida Red".
D．"My Ding-A-Ling" is not good enough.
【答案】17．C
18．D
19．B
20．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Chuck Berry怎样走上摇滚音乐创作的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“On a Friday night in May, 1955, he drove up to Chicago to catch a show by the blues great Muddy Waters.”1955年5月的一个星期五晚上，他开车去芝加哥观看Muddy Waters乐队的演出。可知，他去观看一个演出。故选C。
18．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Chess was impressed by the young man's self-confidence and told him to come back with a tape of his own material, Berry returned the following week, bringing with him the other members of the club and four new songs.”这位年轻人的自信给Chess留下了深刻的印象，并告诉他带着自己的材料回来。Berry第二周回来了，带来了俱乐部的其他成员和四首新歌。可知，前面应该Berry给Chess做了一个“自我介绍”。故选D。
19．考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“They looked around and saw a shoe box with ‘Maybellene’ printed on it. Leonard Chess said, ‘Why don't we name it ‘Maybellene’ ”他们环顾四周，看到一个印有“Maybellene”字样的鞋盒。Leonard Chess说：“为什么我们不把它命名为‘Maybellene’？”可知，Leonard Chess通过一个鞋的品牌名字给他歌命名的。故选B。
20．考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段“Chess was sure the new song could be a hit，but he didn't like the name. It was too rural（土气的）. But nobody could think of a name. They looked around and saw a shoe box with Maybellene printed on it. Leonard Chess said,‘Why don't we name it' Maybellene' ’“Chess确信这首新歌会很受欢迎，但他不喜欢这个名字。太土了。但是没有人能想到一个名字。他们环顾四周，看到一个印有“Maybellene”字样的鞋盒。Leonard Chess说：“为什么我们不把它命名为‘Maybellene’？”；以及最后一段“In 1972, Chuck Berry finally scored a number-one hit on the pop chart with an even more rural name: ‘My Ding-A-Ling’.“1972年，查克·贝里（ChuckBerry）终于凭借一个更具乡村气息的名字“我的丁阿玲”（MyDing-a-Ling）在流行音乐排行榜上获得了第一名。可知，Leonard Chess他们给歌取名字还是比较随意的，Maybellene这首歌最后还是很红，MyDing-a-Ling是很有乡村气息的名字但也是很出名，所以歌的名字不是很重要，最主要是内容。故选A。
（2023高三上·广州期末）阅读理解
Facebook chief operating officer Sheryl
Sandberg and Anna Maria Chavez, chief of American Girl
Scouts, are leading a campaign
to discourage the use of the word "bossy". Does the term destroy
the confidence of young girls
The campaign claims
that terms like "bossy" are improperly applied to females, preventing schoolgirls
from seeing themselves as future "leaders". From its first application, the word has been definitely
connected more with women than with men. It first appeared in
1882, according to the Oxford
English Dictionary, mentioning "a
lady manager who was extremely bossy". As late as 2008, the word appeared in
reference to females four times more often than males, claim the Ban Bossy
campaigners. "To me, the reference is always
in association with women," says Helen Trim, director of Fresh Minds. "I have three
brothers and my family still call me 'bossy' today." Her father is
the only other family member who could be considered in that way, says Trim, but nobody would ever
call him so.
Some educators recommend
that the word should be reclaimed, rather than banned. "But the thing
with 'bossy' is that there's
an infantile (幼稚的) element to it", says Sara Mills, professor at Sheffield
University. "You think of
'bossy' as being like
a little kid who's claiming more than he has the right to claim."
It's not just "bossy"
under fire. "Pushy" is
another target. The implication is
that women shouldn't present themselves as powerful and confident, Mills suggests, which some women are
willing to listen to and accept. Trim points out that
many modern female business role models are able to be bosses without being labeled
"bossy". And she rarely, if ever, hears the word used
within her company. But she says that the
damage may be done much earlier in a woman's life. "It does come
about from those early teenage years." she says. "I think it's
impossible to ban a word, but if people are replacing
it with words like 'confidence' or 'assertiveness', we would all be in
a much better place."
21．More evidence is provided to show "bossy" is more applied to females by ______.
A．the Oxford English Dictionary B．the Ban Bossy campaigners
C．Helen Trim at Fresh Minds D．some experts in education
22．Trim's family still consider her bossy because ______.
A．she is expected to lead in her family
B．she is the boss of her company
C．she is a powerful and confident female
D．her father considers her that way
23．The underlined part "under fire" most probably means ______.
A．definitely replaced B．strongly criticized
C．improperly applied D．eagerly expected
24．How does the author sound when referring to the campaign against "bossy"
A．Objective. B．Angry. C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic.
【答案】21．B
22．C
23．B
24．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Facebook的首席运营官谢丽尔 桑德伯格和美国女童子军首席执行长安娜 玛利亚 查韦斯二人最新发起的Ban Bossy运动不鼓励使用"专横"这个词描述女性，旨在鼓励培养女性的领导力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
21．考查细节理解．根据第二段中的“The campaign claims that terms like‘bossy’are improperly applied to females.”该运动声称，像“专横”这样的术语不恰当地适用于女性；以及“As late as 2008，the word appeared in reference to females four times more often than males，claim the Ban Bossy campaigners”Ban Bossy活动人士称，早在2008年，这个词出现在女性身上的频率是男性的四倍。可知．这场运动倡导者说明"Bossy"这个词更多的是描述女性，故选B。
22．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The implication is that women shouldn't present themselves as powerful and confident.”言下之意是，女性不应该表现出强大和自信。可推测，Trim的家人认为她专横是因为她是一位有权力有自信的女性，故选C。
23．考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的"You think of ' bossy 'as being like a little kid who's claiming more than he has the right to claim."你认为“专横”就像是一个孩子，他声称自己拥有的权利远远超过了自己的权利；以及最后一段中的“It's not just‘bossy’under fire.‘Pushy’is another target ”"专横"不仅仅是遭到强烈批评的目标，“强人所难的""也是另一个遭到强力批评的目标。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，under fire的意思为强烈批评。故选B。
24．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文作者只是陈述事实，并引用一些人的观点和看法，没有表明作者态度的句子，因此可见作者对于这场运动是客观的，故选A。
（2023高三上·广州期末）阅读理解
Have you ever heard about Alice Moore She is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set
up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth
millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids'
teeth, instead of destroying
them.
It all began when Moore
visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy
bar. However, her dad reminded her
that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on
candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make
a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it " With that in
mind, Moore asked her dad
if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research
and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next
two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both
tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth
cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making
a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral
bacteria.
Moore then used her
savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father
their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed
to sell Moore's product - CanCandy.
As CanCandy's success
grows, so does Moore's credibility
as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive
about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth
and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents, help, Moore is generally
able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in
life, she wasn't driven primarily
by profit Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.
She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the
sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
25．How did Moore respond to her dad's warning
A．She tried to find a way out. B．She argued with him.
C．She paid no attention. D．She chose to consult dentists.
26．What is special about CanCandy
A．It is sweeter than other candies.
B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is beneficial to dental health.
D．It is produced to a dentists, recipe.
27．What does the underlined word "secure" mean
A．hear about. B．make sure. C．take away. D．set off
28．What can we learn from Alice Moore's story
A．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
B．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
C．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
D．Positive thinking and action result in success.
【答案】25．A
26．C
27．B
28．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Alice Moore 创业成功的故事，告诉我们积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
25．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"So she desired to get round the warning，‘Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it ’" 所以她想绕过这个警示，"为什么我不能做一种健康的糖果，对我的牙齿有好处，这样我的父母就不会拒绝它了 "可知，她试图生产一种对牙齿有好处的健康糖果，找出问题的解决办法。故选A。
26．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Consequently，she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners，which can reduce oral bacteria. ”因此，她成功地制作了一种只使用天然甜味剂的糖果，这种糖果可以减少口腔细菌。可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，可推知，它有益于牙齿的健康。故选C。
27．考查词义猜测。根据第四段" Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards，she and her father their first business meeting with a supermarket owner，who finally agreed to sell Moore's product - CanCandy.”然后Moore 用她的积蓄开始了她的生意。之后，她和她的父亲与一家超市的老板进行了第一次商务会谈，这家超市的老板最终同意出售Moore 的产品——CanCandy。"可知划线词 secure 意思是"取得，实现"， make sure “确保，实现”，故选B。
28．考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文讲述了Moore的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题，并最终取得了成功。因此，Moore的故事告诉我们: 积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选D。
（2023高三上·绵阳期末）阅读理解
After 195 countries in two years, one traveler has
become the first black woman to visit every country in the world. Jessica
Nabongo ended her journey in the Seychelles, off the coast of
East Africa—just as she said
she would be on "Good Morning, America" back
in March. Friends and family joined her in the Seychelles to celebrate the
incredible achievement.
Nabongo was born
and raised in Detroit by Ugandan-immigrant parents. She has been traveling
internationally since she was four. In addition to her U. S. passport, Nabongo carries a
Ugandan passport, which helped her
gain access to different nations around the world.
The idea to visit
every country on earth came to her in February 2017. At that point, she had visited
about 60 countries. But Nahango didn't tell anyone her plan, at least not at
first. Nabango did some research and discovered that she could become the first
black woman to visit every country. "I didn't want anyone to beat me to it," she said.
Nabongo had been
writing a travel blog since 2009, before social
media was so , as a way to keep
family and friends updated. Today, she documents much
of her travel on Instagram, where she has
almost 200, 000 followers who
have watched her journey around the world.
What makes it to
her Instagram is just a part of her life. There's a lot that goes on behind the
scenes. Seasoned traveler as she was, she got ripped off (被敲诈) during her
journey when exchanging her money for the local currency. More often than not, though, people tried to be
helpful, especially when
Nahongo would tell them what she was trying to accomplish.
Through her
travels, Nabongo broke down
barriers about many countries, particularly those
that people are afraid to visit, and highlighted (突出) the countries
that are often unseen and overlooked.
29．What can we learn about Jessica Nabongo
A．She was born in Uganda.
B．She started her journey from East Africa.
C．She used to be a broadcaster.
D．She made history in touring the world.
30．What benefited Jessica Nabongo a lot during her journey
A．Holding American citizenship.
B．Having many loyal followers.
C．Owning two different passports.
D．Getting support from the government.
31．What does the underlined word "prevalent" in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Commercial. B．Widespread. C．Promising. D．Addictive.
32．What does the author imply by giving examples in Paragraph 5
A．Learning a foreign language is a necessity.
B．The residents were unfriendly to tourists.
C．Photos on the social media are misleading.
D．The journey was a mixture of joy and bitterness.
【答案】29．D
30．C
31．B
32．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了世界上第一位访问每个国家的黑人女性Jessica Nabongo的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
29．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“After 195 countries in two years，one traveler has become the first black woman to visit every country in the world. Jessica Nabongo ended her journey in the Seychelles，off the coast of East Africa. ”在两年内访问了195个国家之后，一位旅行者成为了世界上第一位访问每个国家的黑人女性。Jessica Nabongo 在东非海岸的塞舌尔结束了她的旅程。可知Jessica Nabongo成为了世界上第一位访问每个国家的黑人女性，即她在环游世界中创造了历史。故选D。
30．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Nabongo was born and raised in Detroit by Ugandan-immigrant parents. She has been traveling internationally since she was four. In addition to her U. S. passport，Nabongo carries a Ugandan passport，which helped her gain access to different nations around the world. ”Nabongo在底特律出生长大，父母是乌干达移民。她从四岁起就开始国际旅行。除了美国护照之外，Nabongo还携带了一本乌干达护照，这有助于她进入世界各地的不同国家。可知拥有美国护照和乌干达护照，有助于她进入世界各地的不同国家。故选C。
31．考查词义猜测。根据第四段“Nabongo had been writing a travel blog since 2009，before social media was so，as a way to keep family and friends updated. Today，she documents much of her travel on Instagram，where she has almost 200，000 followers who have watched her journey around the world. ”Nabongo从2009年开始写旅行博客，那时社交媒体还没有如此______，他是为了让家人和朋友了解最新情况。如今，她在Instagram上记录了她的大部分旅行，在那里她有近20万粉丝，他们观看了她在世界各地的旅行。因而划线词 prevalent 此处指"流行的"，故选B。
32．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“There's a lot that goes on behind the scenes. Seasoned traveler as she was，she got ripped off（被敲诈） during her journey when exchanging her money for the local currency. More often than not，though，people tried to be helpful，especially when Nahongo would tell them what she was trying to accomplish. ”这些经历的背后有很多故事。尽管她是一个经验丰富的旅行者，但她在旅途中把钱兑换成当地货币时被骗了。然而，大多数情况下，人们试图提供帮助，尤其是当 Nahongo 告诉他们她正在努力实现的目标时。可知Nahongo的旅途是苦乐参半的。故选D。
（2023高三上·定远月考）阅读理解
Rollins College's graduate, Elizabeth Bonker
gave a powerful speech at the school's graduation ceremony using text-to-speech
technology. "You have a voice. Use it," she advised
graduates. It seems funny that a non-speaking autistic (孤独症患者)encourages you to
use your voice. However, her moving speech
touched not only her fellow classmates but also the worldwide audience with a
powerful message of hope.
Throughout her
academic career, Elizabeth has
studied hard to reach her goals at school and in life. She wrote a book, I Am in Here, which highlights
the abilities of people like her with non-speaking autism. She also founded a
non-profit organization called Communication4 All.
Elizabeth has a
form of autism that resulted in her losing the ability to speak when she was 15
months old. After she lost her speech her family helped her learn to
communicate by typing. She has become a supporter of assistive communication
and typing instruction for those with non-speaking autism.
"I have typed
this speech with one finger with a communication partner holding a keyboard, "shared
Elizabeth. She gave her persuasive speech through text-to-speech technology.
Elizabeth majored
in social service with the purpose of helping the 31 million people in the
world who have non-speaking autism. She strongly believes that service to
others gives meaning to each individual and to those they serve.
Throughout her
life, Elizabeth has
sought a platform where others would hear and accept her. She ignored negative
comments and the low expectations others had for her life. Instead, she walked down
her own path and set out to realize her dreams using intellect, talent and
determination. She encouraged her fellow classmates to use their education and
the power of their own minds to help make their dream a reality.
33．What effect does Elizabeth's speech have on the audience
A．It brings them hope.
B．It inspires them to use technology.
C．It informs them of more about autism.
D．It encourages them to make speeches.
34．What did Elizabeth's family do after she was unable to speak
A．They tried their best to teach her how to speak.
B．They started a non-profit organization for her.
C．They helped her find another way of communication.
D．They created the text-to-speech technology to help her.
35．Why did Elizabeth choose social service as her major
A．To develop her potential and strengths.
B．To get better employment opportunities.
C．To make her childhood dream come true.
D．To help more people like her in the world.
36．Which words can be used to describe Elizabeth
A．Positive and creative. B．Strong-minded and helpful.
C．Energetic and humorous. D．Kind-hearted and imaginative.
【答案】33．A
34．C
35．D
36．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个孤独症患者Elizabeth用自己的演讲打动了全世界的观众，她选择主修社会服务专业以帮助世界上更多的跟她一样的孤独症患者。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
33．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However, her moving speech touched not only her fellow classmates but also the worldwide audience with a powerful message of hope.”然而，她动人的演讲不仅打动了她的同学，也用强有力的希望的信息打动了全世界的观众。可知她的演讲用强有力的希望的信息打动了全世界的观众，即她的演讲带给了观众希望，故选A。
34．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Elizabeth has a form of autism that resulted in her losing the ability to speak when she was 15 months old. After she lost her speech her family helped her learn to communicate by typing. ”Elizabeth患有一种孤独症，导致她在15个月大的时候丧失了说话的能力。她失去语言能力后，家人帮助她通过打字来学习交流。可知在她失去说话能力后，她的家人帮助她通过打字来学习交流，即帮她找到了另一种沟通方式，故选C。
35．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Elizabeth majored in social service with the purpose of helping the 31 million people in the world who have non-speaking autism.”Elizabeth主修社会服务专业，目的是帮助世界上3100万孤独症患者。可知Elizabeth主修社会服务专业是想帮助世界上更多的跟她一样的孤独症患者，故选D。
36．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Instead, she walked down her own path and set out to realize her dreams using intellect, talent and determination. She encouraged her fellow classmates to use their education and the power of their own minds to help make their dream a reality. ”相反，她走了自己的路，开始用智慧、才华和决心来实现她的梦想。她鼓励她的同学们利用他们的教育和自己的思想力量来帮助他们实现梦想。可知她用智慧、才华和决心来实现她的梦想，而她是一个失去语言能力的孤独症患者，故推知她的意志是非常坚强的；她鼓励别人用自己的教育和思想力量来实现梦想，推知她是一个乐于助人的人，故选B。
（2022高三上·葫芦岛月考）
阅读理解
Douglas Smith, n
gardener from Hertfordshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness World Record
for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem (茎),
1,269.
Up until last summer,
the record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem had stood unchallenged
for over a decade. Then English farmer Douglas Smith set his sight on breaking
it, thinking that he could grow more than 488 fruits on s single stem. He
proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839
tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was
only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own
record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem.
Is Douglas Smith a
gardening addict He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending
his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener
the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record.
he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a
laboratory. And in the end, they all paid off.
"I am over the
moon," Douglas said. "This year was only meant to be an experimental
year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight
with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a
number of other tomato plants. I'm amazed by how many tomatoes were on the
plant in the end."
Growing 1,269 tomatoes
on a single stem is only Douglas Smith's latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a
20-foot-tall sunflower, and also set a new national record for the heaviest
tomato, with a 3.106 kg tomato. He likes to run little experiments on other
vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and
potatoes.
37．What can we know about Douglas Smith from paragraph 2
A．He broke the old record twice
B．He had planted the best tomatoes.
C．He thought breaking the record was easy.
D．He had worked to break the record for a decade.
38．Which of the following can describe Douglas Smith best
A．Strict and tolerant. B．Attractive and brave
C．Patient and hard-working. D．Friendly and humorous.
39．What may be a challenge for Douglas Smith to break the old record
A．A lack of money. B．Skill shortages.
C．Building a laboratory. D．Dealing with the blight.
40．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The record's significance.
B．Douglas Smith's next plan.
C．The details about the heaviest tomato.
D．More information about Douglas Smith's planting.
【答案】37．A
38．C
39．D
40．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了打破吉尼斯世界纪录的Douglas Smith种植番茄和其他植物的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
37．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“It was quite an achievement, but he was only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem. He proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839 tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant.”去年他就证明了这一点，他在温室里种了839个西红柿，打破了以前的纪录。这是一项相当大的成就，但他才刚刚开始，因为仅仅几周后，Douglas Smith就打破了自己的纪录，在一根茎上种出了超过1269个西红柿。可知，Douglas Smith两次打破原先的世界记录。故选A。
38．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record, he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a laboratory.”他每天在后花园里花四个小时打理植物，并一直在努力成为世界上有史以来最好的园丁。最大限度地提高他创造新世界纪录的机会，他阅读了各种科学论文，甚至取了土壤样本在实验室进行测试。可知，愿意花数个小时打理植物，并努力阅读相关论文的Douglas Smith是一个很有耐心很勤奋的人。故选C。
39．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“This year was only meant to be an experimental year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a number of other tomato plants.”今年只是一个试验性的一年，看看哪些品种会结出最多的果实，我们必须与早期疫病作斗争，这毁掉了许多其他番茄苗。可知，导致很多番茄苗被毁掉的疫病是他面临的挑战。故选D。
40．考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“He likes to run little experiments on other vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and potatoes.”他喜欢在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小实验，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做实验。可知这一段谈及番茄之外其他的一些植物种植情况。故选D。